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0:00:09 > 0:00:11- Just like - the ebb and flow of the tide...
0:00:12 > 0:00:14- ..coastal place names come and go.
0:00:14 > 0:00:19- Some are the legacy of international - influences throughout the ages...
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- ..others are short lived...
0:00:21 > 0:00:26- ..like the childhood of those - who coined the names for fun.
0:00:27 > 0:00:30- They can all be found here. - This is Pembrokeshire.
0:00:39 > 0:00:42- Today's journey begins in Newgale...
0:00:42 > 0:00:46- ..travelling southwards - past Marloes...
0:00:46 > 0:00:49- ..before making our way - to Milford Haven.
0:00:52 > 0:00:55- One convenient way - of exploring the coast...
0:00:56 > 0:00:58- ..is by using the local bus service.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03- People from all over the world - use the bus...
0:01:03 > 0:01:07- ..to travel through a county - rich in history, beauty...
0:01:08 > 0:01:10- ..and diverse influences.
0:01:12 > 0:01:15- One turn of phrase I heard - from a lady in Felin Ganol...
0:01:15 > 0:01:20- ..an area behind Solva was, - "Twsh baw san fferian"...
0:01:20 > 0:01:25- ..which translates to something - like, "Whatever, it doesn't matter!"
0:01:25 > 0:01:28- The phrase - is derived from the French...
0:01:28 > 0:01:31- .."Ne touche pas, ca ne fait rien."
0:01:31 > 0:01:36- Twsh baw san fferian - - "Don't touch it, it doesn't matter."
0:01:41 > 0:01:44- En route to Newgale beach...
0:01:45 > 0:01:49- ..we pass Pointz Castle, - which also has a French ring to it.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53- Pointz Castle is now but a ruin.
0:01:53 > 0:01:56- There may not be much of it left...
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- ..but the surname Pointz, - or sometimes Pwnsh...
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- ..still exists locally.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05- The Welsh have adopted the surname.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08- Pointz Castle - is known locally as Cas Bwnsh.
0:02:12 > 0:02:15- Cas Bwnsh and twsh baw it is then!
0:02:15 > 0:02:18- The name - given to a gate-post is a jom...
0:02:19 > 0:02:23- ..which is derived - from the French for leg, la jambe.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31- We shouldn't be surprised - by the foreign influences.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34- After all, - every port attracts tourists.
0:02:35 > 0:02:40- Throughout the ages, people have - preferred to stay rather than leave.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46- Thank you very much. Goodbye.
0:02:50 > 0:02:55- Once we reach Newgale beach, - we encounter Irish influences.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58- This is St Brides Bay.
0:02:58 > 0:03:01- The name is derived - from the Irish saint, Bridget.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- Ffraid is the Welsh form of Bridget.
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- That's why - the Welsh christened this bay...
0:03:07 > 0:03:09- ..Bae Sain Ffraid.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- The froth from the pounding waves - washes over Newgale beach.
0:03:23 > 0:03:27- There's a Porth Neigwl - in Lleyn and on Anglesey...
0:03:27 > 0:03:29- ..but its origin is unknown.
0:03:30 > 0:03:31- It could be a combination...
0:03:32 > 0:03:35- ..of the Old English, 'niew', - with an I, meaning new...
0:03:36 > 0:03:40- ..and the Norse, 'gale', - meaning a gorge or a narrow path.
0:03:40 > 0:03:46- Whatever its meaning, - it certainly doesn't mean new wind.
0:03:53 > 0:03:57- As we leave Newgale and head south, - we cross an invisible line...
0:03:57 > 0:04:02- ..which has divided Pembrokeshire - linguistically and culturally...
0:04:02 > 0:04:04- ..for almost 1,000 years.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07- Castell y Garn - was built on this boundary...
0:04:07 > 0:04:12- ..to protect Flemish people in the - south from the Welsh in the north.
0:04:12 > 0:04:17- The location is perfect for keeping - one side away from the other.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21- One thing you notice from looking - at a map of Pembrokeshire...
0:04:21 > 0:04:26- ..is that there are Welsh names - along the coast as far as Newgale...
0:04:26 > 0:04:29- ..and then English names take over.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33- You could draw a line - straight down the middle.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35- Why is that?
0:04:35 > 0:04:39- We're on the border - between the Welsh-speaking north...
0:04:39 > 0:04:44- ..and the English-speaking south - - there are two sides to the county.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47- One for the Englishman - and another for the Welshman.
0:04:48 > 0:04:50- The curse of Babel - divided the old county.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55- I believe that people - refer to this line as the landsker.
0:04:55 > 0:04:57- Yes. That names exists to this day.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02- It's relatively new in terms of it - denoting a linguistic boundary.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- In a way, - it's been used and adapted...
0:05:06 > 0:05:08- ..to refer to the language boundary.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13- Am I right in thinking - that landsker is a Norse word?
0:05:13 > 0:05:17- The 'sk' in the middle - suggests a Scandinavian derivation.
0:05:18 > 0:05:22- But there's no evidence of the word - in the Scandinavian languages.
0:05:22 > 0:05:27- The word exists in English - originating from the West Country.
0:05:27 > 0:05:33- I think Pembrokeshire - has more of an affinity...
0:05:33 > 0:05:35- ..with southwest England.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38- It's more likely - that the word belongs...
0:05:38 > 0:05:41- ..to the word 'lansher' there.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44- How did that happen - in the first place?
0:05:45 > 0:05:48- Back in the Middle Ages, - there were the Normans...
0:05:49 > 0:05:51- ..the English and the Flemish...
0:05:51 > 0:05:54- ..who established themselves here.
0:05:54 > 0:05:58- The south of the county - had fertile agricultural land...
0:05:58 > 0:06:01- ..so the south became anglicized...
0:06:01 > 0:06:05- ..while the uplands - and the coast remained Welsh.
0:06:05 > 0:06:10- How much of a boundary was there - between the two sides?
0:06:10 > 0:06:15- They say some Welsh names crept into - the English dialect in the south.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20- English names have certainly - crept into the Welsh-speaking north.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24- People refer to the dialect - as 'iaith siprys'.
0:06:24 > 0:06:29- Blawd siprys is corn mixed with oats - and barely used as horse feed.
0:06:29 > 0:06:31- It's a mixed flour...
0:06:31 > 0:06:35- ..like a mixed language - combining Welsh and English.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- There are odd words like parc - meaning a field.
0:06:39 > 0:06:44- Shendler meaning chandelier.
0:06:44 > 0:06:47- Many words like that exist...
0:06:47 > 0:06:49- ..where a basic English word...
0:06:50 > 0:06:54- ..has established itself in - the everyday language of the north.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59- As we travel southwards, how much - detective work will be involved...
0:07:00 > 0:07:04- ..as we try to find the Welsh - imprint on some of the place names?
0:07:05 > 0:07:09- There are some archaic Welsh names - that still exist...
0:07:09 > 0:07:11- ..such as Afon Cleddau - (River Cleddau).
0:07:12 > 0:07:16- Some place names - and local areas such as Marloes...
0:07:17 > 0:07:20- ..which is derived - from moel (barren) and rhos (heath).
0:07:21 > 0:07:24- Camrose is derived - from cam (crooked) rhos (heath).
0:07:24 > 0:07:27- We have to explore - the names that exist today...
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- ..and study the elements - which make up those names.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34- I'll need a magnifying glass.
0:07:34 > 0:07:36- Yes, it's pure detective work.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39- I'll try my best.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46- South of Newgale - is Druidston beach...
0:07:46 > 0:07:51- ..which is far too secluded - for idle sun worshippers to reach.
0:07:53 > 0:07:57- It'd be easy to think - the name meant druids' town...
0:07:57 > 0:08:01- ..but during the 12th century, - a man named Alfred Drue...
0:08:02 > 0:08:04- ..donated land - to religious priories in Dyfed.
0:08:05 > 0:08:07- The place - later became known as Villa Drue.
0:08:08 > 0:08:11- Rather than druids' town, - it means Mr Drue's town.
0:08:20 > 0:08:23- 12 miles west along the peninsula...
0:08:23 > 0:08:27- ..past Ticklas Point and - Huntman's Leap, we reach Marloes.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36- It'd be nice to think the Welsh name - referred to the expanse of sea.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40- But it's actually derived from - the old word for peninsula...
0:08:41 > 0:08:43- ..meaning bare peninsula.
0:08:43 > 0:08:48- Place names aren't the only evidence - of this coastline's wondrous past.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50- Sarah Evans is a geologist.
0:08:50 > 0:08:56- Marloes Sands are special to her - due to their geological formations.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- It you know what you're looking for, - fossils can be found here.
0:09:01 > 0:09:06- There are many different formations - and rocks to see here.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10- As a layman, - I'm not really sure what they are.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13- How are they formed - in the first place?
0:09:13 > 0:09:15- We have two bits here.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17- It looks like one piece of stone.
0:09:17 > 0:09:22- If we look inside it - we can see its shell.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- The shell dies and falls - to the bottom of the sea...
0:09:26 > 0:09:28- ..on the sand or silt.
0:09:29 > 0:09:31- More sand falls on top of it...
0:09:31 > 0:09:37- ..and it's pressed down by lots - of sediment weighing it down...
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- ..until it turns into rock.
0:09:40 > 0:09:43- What's left is the shell.
0:09:43 > 0:09:47- There's an imprint of the shape - on this side of the rock.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51- That's what we see - in these examples too.
0:09:51 > 0:09:56- So there are two types of fossil, - depending on which side you look at?
0:09:56 > 0:09:57- Yes.
0:09:57 > 0:09:59- Yes.- - How long ago...
0:10:00 > 0:10:02- ..did the creature live in there?
0:10:02 > 0:10:06- This shell - is about 400 million years old.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10- It hasn't seen the light of day - for 400 million years.
0:10:10 > 0:10:12- No, not until now.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15- No, not until now.- - Were these creatures...
0:10:15 > 0:10:17- ..native to this county?
0:10:17 > 0:10:19- No.
0:10:19 > 0:10:23- This shell - came from the south of the Equator.
0:10:23 > 0:10:24- South of the Equator?
0:10:25 > 0:10:28- Yes, where - the Great Barrier Reef is today.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30- How did it get here?
0:10:31 > 0:10:34- Something known as - continental drift occurred.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37- The earth's crust - is made up of different plates.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41- These plates - are always moving very slowly.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- When the continents collided...
0:10:44 > 0:10:48- ..they lifted up - to create something like this...
0:10:48 > 0:10:51- ..and the rocks - we see around us today.
0:10:51 > 0:10:55- We've just opened it up - and here he is!
0:10:55 > 0:10:57- So as they lifted from the earth...
0:10:58 > 0:11:02- ..they created these strange angles - we can see in the rocks.
0:11:02 > 0:11:06- Others seem to be in clusters.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08- How are they formed?
0:11:08 > 0:11:13- These are called death assemblages. - There are many different ones.
0:11:13 > 0:11:15- Some are the same type of shell.
0:11:16 > 0:11:19- They would've died at the same time, - sunk to the bottom...
0:11:20 > 0:11:24- ..and the sediments - would've settled quickly on them.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27- So that's why - they're called death assemblages.
0:11:27 > 0:11:32- It's like a camera - capturing a second in history...
0:11:32 > 0:11:36- ..when everything was held together.
0:11:36 > 0:11:37- It's quite cool, really.
0:11:37 > 0:11:39- It's quite cool, really.- - Yes, it is!
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0:11:52 > 0:11:56- Our journey along - the Pembrokeshire coast continues...
0:11:56 > 0:12:01- ..as we pass the rather - threatening sounding Deadman's Bay.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07- Opposite the peninsula - are three islands out at sea.
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- Two of them are quite close - and another is seven miles west.
0:12:12 > 0:12:15- These are Skomer, - Skokholm and Grassholm.
0:12:15 > 0:12:18- It's obvious - that these aren't Welsh names.
0:12:19 > 0:12:21- They're of Norse origin.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- Ynys yr Agen - is the Welsh for Skomer Island.
0:12:25 > 0:12:29- Ynys Y Swnt, Skokholm, - and Ynys y Gwair, Grassholm.
0:12:30 > 0:12:34- Grassholm is associated - with one of our greatest legends.
0:12:34 > 0:12:38- Centuries ago, this remote island - wasn't called Grassholm...
0:12:38 > 0:12:40- ..it was called Gwales.
0:12:51 > 0:12:56- Ynys Gwales features - in one of our most famous legends.
0:12:56 > 0:13:00- That's right, most people - know the legend of Branwen...
0:13:00 > 0:13:02- ..in the Mabinogion.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06- Branwen was the sister - of the Welsh king, Bendigeidfran.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10- There was much conflict - between the Welsh and the Irish.
0:13:11 > 0:13:13- The Welsh triumphed...
0:13:13 > 0:13:15- Very good.
0:13:15 > 0:13:18- ..but only seven men survived.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20- Branwen and the seven knights...
0:13:20 > 0:13:24- ..brought Bendigeidfran's head - back to Wales.
0:13:24 > 0:13:28- The head was - all that was left of Bendigeidfran?
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- Welsh legends are odd, aren't they?
0:13:31 > 0:13:34- The head was still alive - and able to talk.
0:13:35 > 0:13:41- Bendigeidfran asked his knights to - take him to Ynys Gwales (Grassholm).
0:13:42 > 0:13:44- The island was under a spell.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48- They went to the court - which had four doors to it.
0:13:48 > 0:13:53- They could live, feast and drink - to their hearts' content there...
0:13:54 > 0:13:57- ..as long as they - didn't open one of the doors.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00- This one door...
0:14:00 > 0:14:06- ..brought all their memories - and heartache flooding back to them.
0:14:06 > 0:14:10- So they stayed there for 80 years.
0:14:10 > 0:14:14- The seven knights and - the giant's head, on Ynys Gwales...
0:14:15 > 0:14:17- ..eating, drinking and having fun...
0:14:18 > 0:14:22- ..until one day Heulyn ap Gwyn...
0:14:22 > 0:14:25- ..opened the door to Cornwall.
0:14:25 > 0:14:29- It was like opening - Pandora's Box, you know?
0:14:30 > 0:14:34- All their memories - came flooding back.
0:14:34 > 0:14:36- Bendigeidfran died.
0:14:36 > 0:14:42- One of his final wishes was - that they carry his head to London.
0:14:42 > 0:14:47- According to Lady Charlotte Guest, - it was to London, England.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50- Not many people know this...
0:14:50 > 0:14:54- ..but further up the coast - on Ramsey Island...
0:14:54 > 0:14:58- ..is a hill called - Carn Llundain (Cairn of London).
0:14:58 > 0:15:00- I know, we've been there.
0:15:00 > 0:15:03- Really? I haven't even been there.
0:15:03 > 0:15:07- I like to think it was there - that Bendigeidfran was buried...
0:15:07 > 0:15:09- ..and not London, England.
0:15:09 > 0:15:11- That's what we'll say.
0:15:12 > 0:15:14- Yes. I'm not going to say otherwise!
0:15:24 > 0:15:29- The Pembrokeshire climate - combined with the rich red soil...
0:15:29 > 0:15:33- ..make it a perfect area - in which to grow new potatoes.
0:15:33 > 0:15:38- They have been doing so - for at least three centuries.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- In 2013, the potatoes - were awarded PGI status...
0:15:46 > 0:15:49- ..which means - Protected Geographical Indication.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52- It's a very prestigious accolade.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57- Like champagne and Parma ham...
0:15:58 > 0:16:02- ..there are rules dictating - what can be called a potato.
0:16:02 > 0:16:06- You can't call any potato - a Pembrokeshire new potato...
0:16:06 > 0:16:09- ..if it hasn't - actually been grown in the county.
0:16:12 > 0:16:16- There are strict rules - relating to buildings too.
0:16:16 > 0:16:19- Dorian Phillips - restored Philbeach Farm.
0:16:23 > 0:16:25- I hear this building has won awards.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29- Yes, in 2012, - we were the regional winners...
0:16:29 > 0:16:33- ..of the Federation - of Master Builders' Award.
0:16:33 > 0:16:36- You're the best builder in Wales.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38- You're the best builder in Wales.- - I'm not saying that!
0:16:38 > 0:16:42- How much work went into restoring - this building from a shell?
0:16:42 > 0:16:45- A great deal of work went into it.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48- We restored it - from a workshop to a home.
0:16:48 > 0:16:52- The restoration work - took a year and a half to complete.
0:16:53 > 0:16:57- We're within the National Park, - so you had certain rules to follow.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59- What were the stipulations?
0:16:59 > 0:17:01- What were the stipulations?- - We had to use wooden windows.
0:17:03 > 0:17:07- They also had to be single glazing.
0:17:07 > 0:17:10- The guttering had to be metal.
0:17:10 > 0:17:13- The roof had to be - completely whitewashed...
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- ..though there's - Welsh slate underneath.
0:17:16 > 0:17:19- It's a typical Pembrokeshire roof.
0:17:19 > 0:17:23- Yes. - They used to call it a cement wash.
0:17:23 > 0:17:26- Nowadays we use lime, the walls too.
0:17:26 > 0:17:28- It looks wonderful.
0:17:28 > 0:17:32- What would've happened - if you hadn't stuck to the rules?
0:17:33 > 0:17:35- You'd be in hot water then, - I'm sure.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38- Cadw and the National Parks...
0:17:38 > 0:17:42- ..kept a close eye - on the restoration work.
0:17:48 > 0:17:53- There are so many laws in place - to safeguard the names of produce...
0:17:53 > 0:17:58- ..and preserve old buildings, - their roofs, chimneys and windows.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02- Why isn't there a law - to protect names?
0:18:02 > 0:18:06- There are countless examples - of smallholdings...
0:18:06 > 0:18:08- ..whose names have been changed.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12- There's more history - in a name than anything else.
0:18:12 > 0:18:15- I know that - the Welsh Place-Name Society...
0:18:16 > 0:18:20- ..are putting pressure - on politicians to legislate...
0:18:20 > 0:18:23- ..but up to now, - though members have been vocal...
0:18:23 > 0:18:26- ..nobody's listening.
0:18:26 > 0:18:30- Continuing southwards - towards the village of Dale...
0:18:30 > 0:18:32- ..and we pass Mill Bay.
0:18:32 > 0:18:35- It was here in 1485 - that Henry Tudor landed...
0:18:36 > 0:18:39- ..intent on seizing - the English crown.
0:18:39 > 0:18:42- He kept his soldiers - hidden from Dale Castle.
0:18:43 > 0:18:47- Within a fortnight, he'd conquered - Richard III at Bosworth...
0:18:47 > 0:18:51- ..and was crowned King Henry VII.
0:18:51 > 0:18:57- It's suggested the name Dale has - evolved from the surname de Vale.
0:18:57 > 0:19:01- The de Vales were given the estate - for aiding in the 1066 Conquest.
0:19:01 > 0:19:06- The family's cattle are still - allowed to graze on Dale Meadow.
0:19:14 > 0:19:18- It's far more likely that the - meaning of Dale is simply a valley.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21- The landscape - shelters this entire area.
0:19:21 > 0:19:27- The sea in this beautiful bay - is beckoning people to the water.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- As we approach the place - dubbed Energy Capital UK...
0:19:42 > 0:19:47- ..my small boat is dwarfed by - the ships that pass through here.
0:19:47 > 0:19:51- The Milford Haven Port Authority - deals with almost a third...
0:19:51 > 0:19:55- ..of Britain's - entire gas and oil trade.
0:20:02 > 0:20:06- Milford Haven literally means the - fjord's harbour near the sandbank.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10- The Norse influence - on the name is obvious.
0:20:10 > 0:20:14- Sir William Hamilton - established it as a town in 1793...
0:20:14 > 0:20:19- ..inviting Quakers to emigrate here - from north America...
0:20:20 > 0:20:23- ..with the intention of creating - a centre for the whale trade.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26- Nowadays - it's a trade centre for oil.
0:20:27 > 0:20:32- The port deals with 43 million - tonnes of cargo every year.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36- It's a major-scale operation.
0:20:39 > 0:20:43- What about the origin - of the Welsh name, Aberdaugleddau?
0:20:43 > 0:20:47- I must leave the port behind me - to go in search of the answer.
0:20:47 > 0:20:53- I must sail to the east, past - Neyland and up the River Cleddau...
0:20:53 > 0:20:56- ..where the tempo of life - is much slower.
0:21:00 > 0:21:06- I'm making my way up the River - Cleddau towards Haverfordwest...
0:21:06 > 0:21:11- ..and it feels a world away from - the hustle and bustle of the port.
0:21:12 > 0:21:17- The landscape has completely changed - from the urban and commercial...
0:21:17 > 0:21:20- ..to these tree-covered hills.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23- There's a certain tranquillity - about the place.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26- It's beautiful.
0:21:27 > 0:21:31- Though this area is referred to - as Little England beyond Wales...
0:21:31 > 0:21:36- ..there is more Welsh hidden in - the place names than you'd imagine.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41- This is Langam, which sits - at the bottom of a deep valley.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45- Its Welsh name is Llangwm, - meaning the church in the valley.
0:21:52 > 0:21:55- The derivation of the Welsh name, - Aberdaugleddau...
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- ..refers to the mouth - of the two Rivers Cleddau.
0:22:03 > 0:22:07- I've travelled - quite a distance with the tide.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10- This is the point - where the two rivers merge.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12- Cleddau Ddu - is to the east of here...
0:22:13 > 0:22:16- ..and Cleddau Wen - leads to Haverfordwest.
0:22:16 > 0:22:19- It is the confluence - of the two Rivers Cleddau.
0:22:19 > 0:22:24- When the main river flows to the sea - a few miles south of here...
0:22:24 > 0:22:29- ..it explains the root of the name, - aber (estuary), in Aberdaugleddau.
0:22:33 > 0:22:37- On the way back to the sea, we pass - Rhoscrowther or Rhos-y-crythor...
0:22:37 > 0:22:40- ..which, when translated, - means Fiddler's Heath.
0:22:41 > 0:22:44- This village - is living proof that money talks.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48- In 1992, an oil company - offered to buy the village for 2m.
0:22:49 > 0:22:51- Once the houses were bought - they were demolished.
0:22:52 > 0:22:54- But not everyone - was willing to sell.
0:22:54 > 0:22:59- Only five houses are left, along - with a church from the 14th century.
0:22:59 > 0:23:03- It proves that some things, - including our names...
0:23:03 > 0:23:06- ..can live on - in the face of adversity...
0:23:06 > 0:23:10- ..as long as we have the will - to demand they survive.
0:23:39 > 0:23:41- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:23:42 > 0:23:42- .