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0:00:09 > 0:00:15- The Irish, Norse, French and English - have all left their mark...
0:00:15 > 0:00:19- ..on place names - along this incredible coast.
0:00:19 > 0:00:22- Archaic, poetic Welsh names - have remained...
0:00:23 > 0:00:26- ..incorporating legends - and wider influences.
0:00:27 > 0:00:30- This is the Pembrokeshire coast.
0:00:35 > 0:00:40- This week we're in pursuit - of place names along the coast...
0:00:40 > 0:00:44- ..between Newport and Fishguard, - a distance of 13 miles.
0:00:49 > 0:00:54- Stepping stones were the main access - route to Newport from the north...
0:00:54 > 0:00:57- ..until the current bridge - was built in 1891.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00- An earlier bridge was destroyed - during the Black Death.
0:01:01 > 0:01:05- People believed the plague - came from North Wales.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- I'd better be careful!
0:01:20 > 0:01:24- Newport is known locally as Tudraeth - (Trefdraeth) in Welsh.
0:01:24 > 0:01:28- It translates to - 'town on the beach' in English.
0:01:28 > 0:01:32- The prehistoric hill fort that - overlooks the town is Carn Ingli...
0:01:32 > 0:01:35- ..meaning Angel Mountain...
0:01:35 > 0:01:39- ..where Saint Brynach - came to commune with the angels.
0:01:44 > 0:01:49- I don't know about angels, but - a multitude of tourists flock here.
0:01:49 > 0:01:52- Llwyd Williams says - it's easy to tell the difference...
0:01:52 > 0:01:56- ..between Trefdraeth children - and London children.
0:01:57 > 0:02:01- "London children - look down on the water...
0:02:01 > 0:02:04- "..whereas Trefdraeth children - look across the water.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08- "It's the difference between - a land person and a sea person...
0:02:08 > 0:02:11- "..a bus driver - and a ship's captain."
0:02:25 > 0:02:29- Wynmor Owen - moved to Pembrokeshire 40 years ago.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31- The beaches mountains and cliffs...
0:02:32 > 0:02:35- ..are a constant - source of inspiration as an artist.
0:02:38 > 0:02:43- It's fair to say that that you hail - from a seafaring family, Wynmor.
0:02:43 > 0:02:45- Yes, that's true.
0:02:45 > 0:02:50- I was born in Llangrannog - into a family of sailors.
0:02:52 > 0:02:54- It continues to be...
0:02:54 > 0:02:56- ..part of me.
0:02:56 > 0:02:59- That painting - is of my grandfather's boat.
0:03:00 > 0:03:02- He's leading his two sons...
0:03:02 > 0:03:05- ..my uncle, Simon, - and my father, Daniel.
0:03:07 > 0:03:12- They are both sheltered - and guided by Ynys Lochtyn...
0:03:12 > 0:03:17- ..which looks like a long arm - extending out to the open sea...
0:03:17 > 0:03:20- ..and into the big, wide world.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24- So you've been brought up - hearing these place names...
0:03:25 > 0:03:27- ..echoing around you?
0:03:27 > 0:03:30- Yes.
0:03:30 > 0:03:32- I realized early on in life...
0:03:33 > 0:03:36- ..that these names - had made an impact on me.
0:03:36 > 0:03:38- I like hearing names - like Trwyn Troi...
0:03:39 > 0:03:41- ..Carreg Dol y Fran, Carreg y Ty.
0:03:42 > 0:03:46- Those were the names people used - to get their bearings.
0:03:46 > 0:03:49- Those names are important to me.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53- Those magnificent names - have had a major impact on me.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56- They're deep within you.
0:03:56 > 0:04:01- Yes, and once they're in there, - they continue to inspire you...
0:04:01 > 0:04:03- ..and propel you all your life.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08- The names have been expressed - in a very creative way...
0:04:09 > 0:04:11- ..in your works of art.
0:04:11 > 0:04:16- Yes, as an artist and a sculptor...
0:04:17 > 0:04:21- ..when I walk along - the Pembrokeshire Coast Path...
0:04:21 > 0:04:24- ..where I've lived for 40 years...
0:04:25 > 0:04:30- ..I realize I have a deep - affinity with coastal place names...
0:04:30 > 0:04:34- ..named after birds, boats, - the sea...
0:04:34 > 0:04:36- ..and the Coast Path.
0:04:37 > 0:04:42- All those elements are interwoven - to make my life very interesting.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45- What does the name - add to the slate...
0:04:46 > 0:04:49- ..and what does the slate - add to the name?
0:04:49 > 0:04:52- Slate has been - an important medium for me...
0:04:52 > 0:04:57- ..because of the fact - that this slate from North Wales...
0:04:57 > 0:05:00- ..has travelled down the coast...
0:05:00 > 0:05:04- ..on ships that perhaps - my grandfather had sailed on...
0:05:05 > 0:05:08- ..to bring back this treasure.
0:05:08 > 0:05:12- When you go down to the shoreline - just as the day is dawning...
0:05:13 > 0:05:17- ..and you see these words - out in the wild, as it were...
0:05:17 > 0:05:21- ..Godir y Bwch, - Trwyn Llwyd, Llech Dafad...
0:05:22 > 0:05:25- ..you can almost put yourself - in the shoes of those...
0:05:25 > 0:05:28- ..who coined the names - in the first place.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31- Yes, I've spent many an hour...
0:05:31 > 0:05:35- ..thinking about those people...
0:05:35 > 0:05:38- ..who could study, - take their time...
0:05:39 > 0:05:43- ..contemplate, know - and feel what they were looking at.
0:05:43 > 0:05:48- My art must also serve - as a mark of respect for them.
0:05:48 > 0:05:54- When you see it all - written on the slate...
0:05:54 > 0:05:56- ..you come to realize...
0:05:56 > 0:06:01- ..just how much - we have to be proud of.
0:06:08 > 0:06:12- To the west of the main beach, - past Parrog and Aber Step...
0:06:12 > 0:06:15- ..and we arrive at Aber Rhigian.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24- In order to reach Aber Rhigian, you - must walk though a wooded dale...
0:06:24 > 0:06:26- ..called Cwm Rhigian.
0:06:27 > 0:06:32- Rhigian has many meanings - it may - have derived from hugan (cloak)...
0:06:32 > 0:06:34- ..or the Welsh word for a gannet.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- But the real meaning - is likely to be a lot less romantic.
0:06:39 > 0:06:41- The stream is called gian.
0:06:41 > 0:06:45- It's likely that Rhigian - is a combination of rhiw (hill)...
0:06:45 > 0:06:49- ..and the personal name Cian, - meaning Cian's hill.
0:06:51 > 0:06:55- The gravel - is all the colours of the rainbow.
0:06:55 > 0:06:59- There are stones here - from all over Pembrokeshire...
0:06:59 > 0:07:03- ..as well as some from Scotland - which were carried in a glacier...
0:07:03 > 0:07:05- ..some 15,000 years ago.
0:07:06 > 0:07:08- Like the Irish and the Vikings...
0:07:08 > 0:07:12- ..they have left their names - along the coastline...
0:07:12 > 0:07:16- ..but it's a geological legacy - that the Scots left behind.
0:07:24 > 0:07:29- A mile further along is - Cwm yr Eglwys and Eglwys Brynach...
0:07:29 > 0:07:31- ..or rather its remains.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43- Locals say - that the stormy sea bares its teeth.
0:07:43 > 0:07:48- In October 1859, those teeth - gnawed at this small church...
0:07:48 > 0:07:52- ..consuming its roof and walls.
0:07:52 > 0:07:56- 20 years later, - the rector was still complaining...
0:07:56 > 0:08:01- ..that the cemetery was receding and - bodies were being swept out to sea.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06- It was a storm like no other.
0:08:06 > 0:08:10- A total of 135 ships - have sunk off the British Isles.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14- 800 people lost their lives.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- The level of the sea - rose by four foot in Liverpool.
0:08:18 > 0:08:22- The wind was the most powerful - it had ever been.
0:08:22 > 0:08:27- On the same night, - 100 miles away from here...
0:08:27 > 0:08:32- ..the Royal Charter ran aground - off the Anglesey coast...
0:08:32 > 0:08:34- ..and 450 people drowned.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37- Very little of the ship remains.
0:08:37 > 0:08:41- This wall is the only thing - that remains of this quaint church.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43- It stands as a memorial...
0:08:44 > 0:08:47- ..or testament - to the sheer power of the sea...
0:08:47 > 0:08:50- ..when it bares its teeth.
0:09:00 > 0:09:04- Years ago, - Wales was divided into hundreds...
0:09:04 > 0:09:07- ..meaning - an area of around 100 homes.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10- Ynys Dinas - is situated in the Cemais hundred.
0:09:11 > 0:09:13- Richard Fenton - recorded the traits...
0:09:13 > 0:09:16- ..of all Pembrokeshire's hundreds...
0:09:16 > 0:09:21- ..in A Historical Tour - Through Pembrokeshire 200 years ago.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30- Fenton's accounts - may not all be true...
0:09:30 > 0:09:33- ..but he made - a valuable contribution...
0:09:33 > 0:09:38- ..in the way he documents place - names and his description of locals.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- He refers to the residents - of the Cemais hundred...
0:09:43 > 0:09:47- ..as kind people, even though - they weren't very erudite!
0:09:51 > 0:09:55- Fenton isn't the only one - with a colourful perspective.
0:09:55 > 0:09:58- There are - many strange tales about the area.
0:09:58 > 0:10:01- The archaic name for Ynys Dinas...
0:10:01 > 0:10:03- ..was Ynys Bach Y Llyffan Gawr.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07- There's also another place - called Tre' Llyffant.
0:10:07 > 0:10:11- Legend has it that a man - was eaten alive by a knot of toads.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14- George Owen, - Lord of Cemais centuries ago...
0:10:14 > 0:10:16- ..associates this place...
0:10:16 > 0:10:19- ..with Tre' Llyffant - and Ynys Bach Llyffan Gawr.
0:10:19 > 0:10:23- I shan't hang around here too long!
0:10:30 > 0:10:30- .
0:10:33 > 0:10:33- Subtitles
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0:10:37 > 0:10:41- Our pursuit of place names - along the coast continues...
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- ..as we leave - the quaint pub of Pwll Gwaelod...
0:10:44 > 0:10:47- ..and head south towards Abergwaun.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56- On the way - is Aber (estuary) Bach (small).
0:10:56 > 0:11:01- Although the estuary is small, - that isn't the meaning of the name.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04- It was originally called - Aber Gwrach (witch).
0:11:04 > 0:11:07- Nearby - is a farm called Tre'r Wrach...
0:11:07 > 0:11:10- ..and a small stream - called Afon Gwrach...
0:11:10 > 0:11:14- ..marking the border between Dinas - and our next stop, Fishguard.
0:11:17 > 0:11:22- Abergwaun means the town - on the mouth of the River Gwaun.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25- Fishguard - is derived from the Norse...
0:11:25 > 0:11:27- ..meaning a yard to keep fish.
0:11:28 > 0:11:32- The town is divided into two areas - - the new town and the Lower Town...
0:11:33 > 0:11:36- ...which developed - around the harbour.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41- Cwm Abergwaun is commonly - referred to as Lower Town...
0:11:41 > 0:11:46- ..but many years ago, this idyllic - place was called Capel Llanfihangel.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53- It was also the setting - for Dylan Thomas's Llareggub...
0:11:54 > 0:11:58- ..when Under Milk Wood was - filmed here, starring Ryan Davies...
0:11:58 > 0:12:01- ..Elizabeth Taylor, - Richard Burton and Peter O'Toole.
0:12:03 > 0:12:05- As if that wasn't enough...
0:12:06 > 0:12:10- ..it was the setting - for the famous whale, Moby Dick...
0:12:10 > 0:12:15- ..when a film crew came here - to shoot Melville's 1955 novel...
0:12:15 > 0:12:18- ..featuring film star Gregory Peck.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- I hope Moby Dick - doesn't show up today...
0:12:25 > 0:12:28- ..as I join two sailors, - John Harries...
0:12:29 > 0:12:33- ..and former headmaster Alun Davies, - who's passionate about place names.
0:12:36 > 0:12:40- You were brought up in - these wonderful surroundings, Alun.
0:12:40 > 0:12:44- Yes, it's beautiful, - especially on a day like today.
0:12:44 > 0:12:48- It's a pity there are - so many clouds above our heads.
0:12:48 > 0:12:52- You've spent your life - sailing around these shores.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55- I've heard - there are pretty names here.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58- Take the coast behind us, - for example.
0:12:58 > 0:13:02- An archaic name for a slope - going down to the sea is godir.
0:13:02 > 0:13:05- There's Godir y Golomen, - Godir Tudur...
0:13:05 > 0:13:07- ..Godir Hywel.
0:13:07 > 0:13:09- Godir y Bwch.
0:13:10 > 0:13:13- There's an interesting story - behind that name.
0:13:13 > 0:13:17- Years ago, people used to live - very close to the coastline...
0:13:18 > 0:13:20- ..in small cottages.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24- They kept goats and sheep - on these slopes beside the sea.
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- That's the origin of the name, - Godir y Bwch (Billy Goat's Slope).
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- Have many of the names - changed or disappeared?
0:13:32 > 0:13:34- Yes.
0:13:34 > 0:13:39- I remember being on the - parish council back in the 1980s...
0:13:39 > 0:13:44- ..when the Ordnance Survey - pathfinder maps were introduced.
0:13:44 > 0:13:48- I looked at them and I couldn't - believe what I was reading.
0:13:49 > 0:13:54- Pig Bened in the distance behind us - was called Bennett's Peak.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57- Lewis Morris - refers to it as Pig Bened.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00- How does a name like Pig Bened...
0:14:00 > 0:14:04- ..end up - becoming Bennett's Peak on a map?
0:14:04 > 0:14:07- They probably - met a newcomer to the area...
0:14:08 > 0:14:11- ..who had spoken - to someone locally...
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- ..and then translated it literally.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- I wrote a letter and phoned the OS.
0:14:20 > 0:14:25- They admitted speaking to someone - and that's how the name came about.
0:14:25 > 0:14:27- Really?
0:14:27 > 0:14:28- Yes.
0:14:28 > 0:14:32- I wrote to them and told them - what the name used to be...
0:14:32 > 0:14:37- ..and that it went back to - Lewis Morris' time, maybe earlier...
0:14:38 > 0:14:41- ..but they - haven't changed it to this day.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44- It's down as The Bennett.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47- Dozens of names disappear.
0:14:47 > 0:14:51- How do you feel when you - see these names being changed?
0:14:51 > 0:14:53- Does it anger you?
0:14:54 > 0:14:57- There are no words - to describe the way I feel.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00- It drives me mad, to be honest.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02- It really does.
0:15:03 > 0:15:08- I've been born and bred - in this county.
0:15:08 > 0:15:13- It doesn't make a jot - of difference to incomers...
0:15:15 > 0:15:17- ..what our culture is all about...
0:15:17 > 0:15:22- ..or what our history - and our language is all about.
0:15:22 > 0:15:27- All they're concerned about - is their own little space.
0:15:28 > 0:15:30- How can the situation be resolved?
0:15:30 > 0:15:34- I've come to the conclusion - that we need legislation.
0:15:35 > 0:15:37- If new maps are being created...
0:15:37 > 0:15:42- ..the people responsible - must ensure...
0:15:42 > 0:15:46- ..that they retain the old names...
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- ..because there's a story - behind every name.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06- With so much maritime trade - in Lower Town...
0:16:06 > 0:16:09- ..the shipping industry - was well supported.
0:16:09 > 0:16:13- The rope making business flourished - in the 18th century...
0:16:13 > 0:16:16- ..and left its mark on place names.
0:16:19 > 0:16:25- A large sailing boat - would require 20 miles of rope...
0:16:25 > 0:16:29- ..and another 20 miles in reserve - to maintain the rigging.
0:16:29 > 0:16:34- Before the advent of steam engines, - it was all made by hand.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37- They must've had - skin like leather years ago.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- There's no point having rope - if you can't make a knot in it.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53- There are Welsh names - for all the knots.
0:16:54 > 0:16:56- This is llinglwm, a reef knot.
0:16:56 > 0:17:00- Cwlwm rhedeg, slip knot.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03- Cwlwm y morwr, sailor's knot.
0:17:03 > 0:17:06- And this is the bowline..
0:17:07 > 0:17:09- ..or cwlwm dolen in Welsh.
0:17:14 > 0:17:17- Vocabulary - is important to Hedydd Hughes...
0:17:18 > 0:17:21- ..a local who's led a project - on Pembrokeshire dialect...
0:17:22 > 0:17:24- ..with the language initiative.
0:17:24 > 0:17:27- What was the project's aim?
0:17:27 > 0:17:31- It was to take a fresh look - at Pembrokeshire's dialect.
0:17:32 > 0:17:34- People have already - studied the dialect...
0:17:35 > 0:17:37- ..and have done great work - in the past...
0:17:37 > 0:17:40- ..but we're living - in a digital age now...
0:17:41 > 0:17:45- ..and it's now possible - to record new material...
0:17:45 > 0:17:48- ..which brings it right up to date.
0:17:49 > 0:17:53- The younger generation aren't using - the same vocabulary as us...
0:17:54 > 0:17:56- ..and our ancestors.
0:17:56 > 0:18:00- It's important to work - with young people in particular.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03- In terms of - studying vocabulary and dialect...
0:18:04 > 0:18:06- ..what methods did you use?
0:18:06 > 0:18:10- For years I'd been recording - people's voices on cassettes...
0:18:10 > 0:18:13- ..and kept them safe...
0:18:13 > 0:18:16- ..but we're implementing - different methods now.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21- You can record people digitally now - and share it with others.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25- What do you have - on these old cassettes?
0:18:25 > 0:18:29- All kinds - - cymanfaoedd ganu since 1977.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31- My grandmother, auntie and uncle.
0:18:32 > 0:18:34- Radio programmes from the 1980s.
0:18:35 > 0:18:38- It's important - to make a recent recording...
0:18:38 > 0:18:40- ..because they don't last forever.
0:18:40 > 0:18:45- Are there recordings of this area's - dialect on these cassettes?
0:18:46 > 0:18:51- Yes, on one of them, for example, - an old neighbour of ours...
0:18:51 > 0:18:55- ..explains the meaning - and derivation of place names...
0:18:55 > 0:18:58- ..along the small coast - of Lower Town.
0:18:58 > 0:19:01- There's Pen Cowrw, Carreg Tomos, - Carreg Coffin.
0:19:02 > 0:19:06- There's a meaning and a history - behind all those names.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08- There's another trait...
0:19:08 > 0:19:12- ..of naming residents after - the villages in which they live.
0:19:13 > 0:19:15- There's Cwn Treletert.
0:19:15 > 0:19:17- What's the other? Let me check.
0:19:18 > 0:19:20- Shilgots Trewyddel, - Bwchod y Dinas...
0:19:20 > 0:19:22- ..Gwylanod Pencaer.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27- Inland, people are named after - birds or animals - Meirch Mathry.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31- Those are - agricultural names, of course.
0:19:31 > 0:19:34- As for coastal dwellers, - I'm a Sgadan Abergwaun...
0:19:34 > 0:19:37- ..which is a maritime term - and one of many.
0:19:38 > 0:19:43- In a seaside town such as this, - there are also foreign influences.
0:19:43 > 0:19:48- Yes, indeed. There's a strange - street in the town called Hottipass.
0:19:48 > 0:19:53- It comes from the French, haute - pass, or Y Feudir Uchel in Welsh.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56- Which translates - to high path in English.
0:19:56 > 0:19:59- Then there's Park y Shut...
0:20:00 > 0:20:02- ..which is a narrow street.
0:20:03 > 0:20:04- I think la chute...
0:20:05 > 0:20:07- ..means a fall or a drop.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10- There are foreign influences - on the names...
0:20:11 > 0:20:16- ..because Fishguard - was an important harbour years ago.
0:20:29 > 0:20:34- Fishguard Harbour isn't situated - in Fishguard but in Goodwick.
0:20:34 > 0:20:38- It's not only ships - that leave the harbour.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41- Pen Dinas is the setting - for an annual rowing race...
0:20:41 > 0:20:46- ..attracting hundreds of rowers, - who set off from Goodwick beach.
0:20:46 > 0:20:51- Like Fishguard, it's believed the - name Goodwick is of Norse origin.
0:20:51 > 0:20:55- The Welsh form, Wdig, - is derived from Pwll Gwddig...
0:20:55 > 0:20:59- ..since the Wddig was the name of - the river that flowed into the bay.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04- In this instance, at least, - the Welsh overpowered the Vikings.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- Despite their enjoyment, I'm sure - today's rowers are hoping...
0:21:12 > 0:21:14- ..that the race - doesn't overpower them.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18- The boats' design - emulates the Irish coracle...
0:21:19 > 0:21:22- ..that was discovered - on Ramsey Island in the late 1970s.
0:21:23 > 0:21:27- It's a prime example of - Pembrokeshire's ties with Ireland.
0:21:27 > 0:21:31- The French invasion of Fishguard - in 1797 is famous.
0:21:33 > 0:21:37- But in Weun Wdig, - the Welsh fought against each other.
0:21:40 > 0:21:45- It was here that Trehaearn - ap Caradog, King of Gwynedd...
0:21:45 > 0:21:51- ..fought against Rhys ab Owain, - King of Deheubarth in 1078.
0:21:56 > 0:22:00- Trehaearn sent his soldiers - to this exact spot in Pembrokeshire.
0:22:00 > 0:22:04- But Rhys ab Owain wasn't about - to surrender his territory.
0:22:04 > 0:22:07- He invested his entire wealth - into the campaign.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10- He met his enemy in Goodwick.
0:22:10 > 0:22:13- But his efforts were in vain.
0:22:13 > 0:22:16- Rhys ab Owain - had to flee for his life.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20- It's - an incredibly complicated story...
0:22:20 > 0:22:25- ..with Rhys ab Owain's cousin making - a pact with another Welshman...
0:22:26 > 0:22:31- ..to allow an army of Irishmen - and Danes to land in St David's...
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- ..to overpower his compatriot.
0:22:34 > 0:22:39- Thankfully, relations - between North and South Wales...
0:22:39 > 0:22:41- ..are much better nowadays.
0:22:42 > 0:22:46- I'm glad to leave Weun Wdig - and the site of the bloody battle...
0:22:46 > 0:22:49- ..as I look out across the waves.
0:22:49 > 0:22:53- The rowers disappear - beyond Ynys Bach Llyffan Gawr...
0:22:53 > 0:22:56- ..and the ferry - prepares to set sail.
0:22:56 > 0:23:01- I'm glad vessels are no longer used - to transport soldiers from Ireland.
0:23:02 > 0:23:07- Nowadays, they are carrying - peace-loving passengers to Rosslare!
0:23:09 > 0:23:12- I'm reminded - of one of Pembrokeshire's sayings.
0:23:13 > 0:23:16- Man is like a flowing river - - always moving, never still.
0:23:45 > 0:23:47- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:23:47 > 0:23:47- .