0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:33 > 0:00:37- In this series, we unlock some - of the secrets of our history...
0:00:37 > 0:00:41- ..which are hidden - in the field names of Wales.
0:00:42 > 0:00:47- It's part of our rich heritage - which is in danger of disappearing.
0:00:47 > 0:00:49- We must preserve these names.
0:00:50 > 0:00:55- In this programme, we will walk - the fields of the Ysbyty Ifan area.
0:00:57 > 0:00:59- Centuries ago...
0:00:59 > 0:01:03- ..this place was full of pilgrims - en route to Bardsey Island.
0:01:03 > 0:01:06- I'm on - a very different pilgrimage...
0:01:06 > 0:01:10- ..in search of the roots - of an eminent American.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12- Welcome to Caeau Cymru.
0:01:17 > 0:01:21- Our journey begins in the - National Library with Rhian Parry.
0:01:23 > 0:01:25- Rhian, the date on the map is 1847.
0:01:26 > 0:01:30- What does it tell us - about the area we'll visit today?
0:01:31 > 0:01:33- This is a Tithe Map of Gwerni Howel.
0:01:34 > 0:01:36- It isn't a parish.
0:01:36 > 0:01:41- Gwerni Howel is a district which - lies in the parish of Ysbyty Ifan...
0:01:42 > 0:01:46- ..but it was part of the parish - of Corwen, which is 12 miles away.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- It's a strange situation.
0:01:50 > 0:01:52- Is this map unusually small?
0:01:52 > 0:01:54- Is this map unusually small?- - Yes, because the area is smaller.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59- We will focus our attention - on Gwerni Howel Ucha...
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- ..or Gwern Hywel Ucha, - as it's now known.
0:02:04 > 0:02:08- The majority of the farm - lies below what was the main road.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- It was a very important road, - at one time...
0:02:14 > 0:02:19- ..which linked Chester, Ruthin - and Denbigh to Ysbyty Ifan...
0:02:19 > 0:02:23- ..and over the Migneint to - Blaenau Ffestiniog and on to Lleyn.
0:02:25 > 0:02:26- It was a busy road.
0:02:26 > 0:02:27- It was a busy road.- - Yes.
0:02:28 > 0:02:31- There are - some interesting names here.
0:02:31 > 0:02:32- Perthi Gochel Isaf and Uchaf.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34- Perthi Gochel Isaf and Uchaf.- - We'll find out more later.
0:02:35 > 0:02:36- Let's move on to this map.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- This is a map of Cerrigydrudion...
0:02:39 > 0:02:42- ..which ends - on the land of Gwerni Howel.
0:02:43 > 0:02:48- This land was purchased and added - to the farm to expand its borders.
0:02:50 > 0:02:54- This section of land - is called Bryn Gwyn...
0:02:54 > 0:02:57- ..and it has a fascinating history.
0:02:58 > 0:03:00- We'll go and find out more.
0:03:08 > 0:03:13- Gwern Hywel Ucha is a farm - on the uplands near Ysbyty Ifan.
0:03:13 > 0:03:18- Eirian Roberts's family has - farmed this land for generations.
0:03:21 > 0:03:24- Eirian, since when - have you lived here?
0:03:24 > 0:03:27- I still sleep in the bedroom - in which I was born.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29- That's brilliant!
0:03:29 > 0:03:31- Yes. It's rare these days.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35- For how many generations - have you been here?
0:03:35 > 0:03:39- If my grandson takes over, - he'll be the seventh generation.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42- What does this farm mean to you?
0:03:42 > 0:03:44- What does this farm mean to you?- - I was born and raised here.
0:03:45 > 0:03:46- I know its history.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50- My roots are very deep in this land.
0:03:51 > 0:03:52- Your grandson will take over?
0:03:52 > 0:03:55- Your grandson will take over?- - Yes, and I'm delighted about that.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59- I'd started to fear - we'd have to sell the place...
0:03:59 > 0:04:02- ..but Gruff has decided - he wants to be a farmer...
0:04:03 > 0:04:05- ..and God has stopped making land!
0:04:05 > 0:04:07- Yes, that was a while ago!
0:04:07 > 0:04:10- It will be lovely - to see him take over.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14- How important - is the name of a field to you?
0:04:14 > 0:04:19- Very important, but it's something - you only realize then you're older.
0:04:21 > 0:04:26- I wonder how Cae Bwa Saethau - and Perthi Gochel got their names.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31- Do you call the field - Bwa Saethau - Bow And Arrows?
0:04:31 > 0:04:34- No, I'm afraid not. - We call it Cae Morgan.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38- Maybe we should revert - to the old name.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40- It's more romantic than Cae Morgan!
0:04:40 > 0:04:42- It's more romantic than Cae Morgan!- - Yes, very much so.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56- Arwel, Eirian's husband, - is glad of Gruff's help today...
0:04:56 > 0:05:01- ..as they prepare to send the flock - to Cynwyl Elfed for the winter.
0:05:02 > 0:05:03- It's a big day, Arwel.
0:05:04 > 0:05:05- Yes, that's very true.
0:05:05 > 0:05:09- The sheep are going away - to tack for the winter.
0:05:10 > 0:05:13- They'll be fatter - when they come back.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16- Yes. They're going to tack - on lower grazing land.
0:05:17 > 0:05:22- With a bit of luck, they'll be - much bigger when they return.
0:05:23 > 0:05:26- You're not - from this area originally.
0:05:26 > 0:05:29- No, but I've lived here - for 46 years.
0:05:29 > 0:05:30- I come from Pandytudur.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34- I got married and I moved here.
0:05:34 > 0:05:39- The Ysbyty Ifan area has changed - a lot in the time I've been here.
0:05:40 > 0:05:46- Most of farms now crossbreed sheep, - which didn't happen years ago.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50- They can't go up to the mountain.
0:05:50 > 0:05:55- Almost every farm in this area - sold milk in churns years ago.
0:05:56 > 0:06:01- There are only one or two - dairy farms around here today.
0:06:03 > 0:06:06- You must be happy - that your grandson will take over.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10- Yes. He's keen on farming - and I hope he carries on.
0:06:17 > 0:06:22- Field names open the door on - local history and on Welsh history.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26- Several names - have caught Rhian's eye.
0:06:28 > 0:06:33- We're now standing in a field - called Perthi Gochel Isaf.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35- It's a pretty name.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- Yes, but there are - few perthi - hedges here.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42- The next field - is Perthi Gochel Uchaf...
0:06:42 > 0:06:45- ..but there are no hedges - there either.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48- People have come up - with an explanation...
0:06:49 > 0:06:52- ..for the use - of the word gochel - shelter.
0:06:52 > 0:06:55- Gochel could be an ancient name...
0:06:56 > 0:07:02- ..which has links with Dol Gynwal, - the ancient name for Ysbyty Ifan.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07- Pilgrims may have sheltered here.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09- Pilgrims may have sheltered here.- - Possibly.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12- The adjacent field - has a fascinating name.
0:07:13 > 0:07:14- Yes indeed.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- We have a lower and upper - Cae Bwl Saethau.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21- Bwl can mean the centre of a wheel.
0:07:23 > 0:07:29- There is also a similar word which - means a net around hay or straw...
0:07:30 > 0:07:33- ..which was used - for target practice.
0:07:34 > 0:07:38- There may well be a link - between that and bows and arrows.
0:07:38 > 0:07:43- People across the ages - had to practice archery, of course.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47- It was traditional - and it was a necessary part of life.
0:07:47 > 0:07:51- The pilgrims may have sheltered - from flying arrows up here!
0:07:51 > 0:07:53- It's a possibility!
0:07:58 > 0:08:00- If we look at our map...
0:08:00 > 0:08:04- ..we can see the location - of Perthi Gochel Uchaf and Isaf.
0:08:05 > 0:08:10- Cae Bwl Saethau Uchaf and Isaf are - on the other side of the house...
0:08:10 > 0:08:14- ..near the road which links - Ysbyty Ifan and Pentrefoelas.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- Above the road, - opposite the house, is Cae Lon Gud.
0:08:18 > 0:08:24- Lon Gud means a path between lands - with a shared access point...
0:08:24 > 0:08:27- ..and it dates back - to the 19th century.
0:08:29 > 0:08:34- Someone who knows a lot about the - area is the historian, Edmund Rees.
0:08:40 > 0:08:44- Edmund, this road is remote, - by today's standards...
0:08:46 > 0:08:48- ..but it wasn't always this way.
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- In the Middle Ages, - a network of important roads...
0:08:52 > 0:08:54- ..ran through this area.
0:08:54 > 0:08:59- What you see here was the main road - from Chester, through Ruthin...
0:08:59 > 0:09:01- ..to Lleyn and Eifionydd.
0:09:02 > 0:09:05- It was a vital road for pilgrims - visiting Bardsey...
0:09:06 > 0:09:09- ..where it's believed - that 20,000 saints are buried.
0:09:09 > 0:09:14- Why would pilgrims choose to walk - along a mountainous route...
0:09:15 > 0:09:18- ..rather than stick to - less blustery, lower ground?
0:09:19 > 0:09:24- Ancient roads across Wales tended to - be constructed on high ground.
0:09:24 > 0:09:28- It was an easier option - rather than to go through valleys...
0:09:28 > 0:09:33- ..where forests were thicker - and the land was wetter.
0:09:33 > 0:09:39- On high ground, you can see bandits - or any potential threat approaching.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42- This is an ancient road.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46- Yes, it links the main road - from Chester to Lleyn...
0:09:46 > 0:09:48- ..and it services local farms.
0:09:48 > 0:09:50- Up to around 200 years ago...
0:09:50 > 0:09:55- ..there were - around half a dozen farms up here.
0:10:04 > 0:10:09- A pilgrimage to Bardsey Island - gave you a ticket to Heaven...
0:10:10 > 0:10:14- ..but this walk to paradise - wasn't for the faint-hearted.
0:10:14 > 0:10:18- It was an epic journey - which was full of hidden dangers.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20- Thieves operated here...
0:10:20 > 0:10:25- ..and they battled the elements, - in the days before Gore-Tex!
0:10:25 > 0:10:30- It was vital for pilgrims to know - shelter was available on the way.
0:10:37 > 0:10:42- Edmund knows the story of a place - which offered shelter to pilgrims...
0:10:42 > 0:10:45- ..and to some shady characters.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52- Edmund, what's the significance - of this place?
0:10:53 > 0:10:59- This is Cletwr Bridge, a mile - from the old hospice in Dol Gynwal.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03- From the fifth century onwards...
0:11:03 > 0:11:07- ..the Pope had acknowledge - that sacred buildings...
0:11:07 > 0:11:09- ..had the right of sanctuary.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13- In the Middle Ages - and the age of the monasteries...
0:11:13 > 0:11:18- ..the right of sanctuary - was extended beyond the church...
0:11:18 > 0:11:21- ..to include land - within a mile of the building.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24- Some of the field names - in this area...
0:11:24 > 0:11:27- ..suggest that - the right of sanctuary...
0:11:27 > 0:11:30- ..stretched as far as this point.
0:11:30 > 0:11:35- Behind us here are two fields - named Dinas Isa and Dinas Ucha.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41- Here, on Cletwr Bridge, - we're a mile from Ysbyty Ifan.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44- Outlaws could cross over - to these lands...
0:11:45 > 0:11:48- ..to seek sanctuary from the law - for 40 days.
0:11:48 > 0:11:53- They then had to leave the country, - following an agreed route...
0:11:53 > 0:11:59- ..never to return, unless they were - pardoned by the king or the prince.
0:12:01 > 0:12:05- There's an old poem which says - that men suffered much hardship...
0:12:06 > 0:12:08- ..before reaching River Cletwr.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12- Lawbreakers were chased - as they fled here.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16- Is it less dangerous - in these parts today?
0:12:16 > 0:12:18- Yes. Ysbyty Ifan is a quiet place.
0:12:19 > 0:12:24- According to Sir John Wynn of Gwydir - this was a very dangerous place...
0:12:25 > 0:12:27- ..in the late 15th century.
0:12:35 > 0:12:36- .
0:12:39 > 0:12:39- Subtitles
0:12:39 > 0:12:41- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:12:48 > 0:12:52- We walk the fields - of Ysbyty Ifan, near Betws-y-coed...
0:12:52 > 0:12:54- ..in this programme.
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- The field names give us an insight - into ancient farming methods...
0:13:00 > 0:13:03- ..and into local - and national history.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08- Looking at the fields above Lon Gud - on Gwern Hywel Ucha farm...
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- ..we see names such as - Cae Hafod Ddiddig and Cae Rhyd Goch.
0:13:13 > 0:13:16- There are several old ruins - on the land...
0:13:16 > 0:13:21- ..and these field names help us - archive and preserve them.
0:13:23 > 0:13:27- We're clearly - looking at some ancient ruins.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- Does this suggest - more people once lived here?
0:13:31 > 0:13:34- Yes. There are 18 old ruins - on Gwern Hywel farm.
0:13:35 > 0:13:41- That proves this upland area - was heavily populated at some time.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45- The locations for the houses - must have been sheltered.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49- Yes, and Hafod Ddiddig - is a good example of that.
0:13:49 > 0:13:51- These are its ruins.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54- Yes, in the field next to us.
0:13:55 > 0:13:58- The wall went through - the middle of the house.
0:13:58 > 0:14:01- We're standing - in Snowdonia National Park...
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- ..but Hafod Ddiddig - lies outside the Park.
0:14:06 > 0:14:11- Hafod Ddiddig straddled the parishes - of Cerrigydrudion and Ysbyty Ifan.
0:14:12 > 0:14:17- The old lady of Hafod Ddiddig lived - in one parish and slept in another!
0:14:18 > 0:14:22- I wonder if there were - any advantages to that!
0:14:22 > 0:14:24- Maybe - a set of twins - were born here!
0:14:25 > 0:14:26- You have records there?
0:14:28 > 0:14:31- Yes, Evan and Margaret Jones - had twins in 1807.
0:14:33 > 0:14:34- Right here?
0:14:34 > 0:14:36- Right here?- - Yes.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- This is a list of the people - who were born and raised here?
0:14:40 > 0:14:42- Yes, that's right.
0:14:42 > 0:14:45- The twins were called - Elin and Margaret Jones.
0:14:45 > 0:14:49- Elizabeth Owen - was born here in 1767.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53- There was a small community here.
0:14:54 > 0:14:59- Yes, from Plas Iolyn to Giler, - to Bryn Gwyn, to Hafod Ddiddig...
0:14:59 > 0:15:02- ..to Cerrig Gellgwm and Rhyd Goch.
0:15:02 > 0:15:06- Do you know stories - about people who lived here?
0:15:06 > 0:15:09- There were five houses in Rhyd Goch.
0:15:10 > 0:15:14- The men walked from Rhyd Goch to - work in the quarry in Ffestiniog.
0:15:14 > 0:15:19- They left at the start of the week - and stayed in the barracks all week.
0:15:19 > 0:15:23- They then walked home - at the end of the week.
0:15:23 > 0:15:27- It was one man's job - to keep the sheep on the mountain.
0:15:27 > 0:15:31- There were no mountain walls then, - so he had to keep them there.
0:15:31 > 0:15:34- He had a dog - called Cythraul - demon.
0:15:34 > 0:15:36- Cythraul! What a name!
0:15:36 > 0:15:40- Yes, you can imagine him shouting, - "Come on, you demon!"
0:15:53 > 0:15:55- Rhian, what names - have caught your eye?
0:15:57 > 0:16:00- The field over there - is called Cae Gwarged.
0:16:00 > 0:16:03- Gwarged is an unfamiliar word - to me.
0:16:03 > 0:16:07- Gwarged means remnants, residue - or surplus.
0:16:07 > 0:16:12- It refers here to the surplus land - left over after it was measured.
0:16:12 > 0:16:15- This must have been - a surplus piece of land.
0:16:15 > 0:16:20- I've never come across it before - but that's what gwarged means.
0:16:20 > 0:16:24- I like it when we come across - something that's new to you.
0:16:25 > 0:16:30- It's amazing that this house - straddled the parish boundary.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33- Yes, and this is another - unusual feature.
0:16:33 > 0:16:38- If we go back to Medieval times, - this would be against the law.
0:16:39 > 0:16:44- We tend to think of a boundary - as a straight line on a map.
0:16:45 > 0:16:50- In reality, it's two parallel lines - with a strip of land between them.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52- It was made clear in the laws...
0:16:53 > 0:16:57- ..that you were not to interfere - in any way with the land...
0:16:58 > 0:17:00- ..which lay between the lines.
0:17:01 > 0:17:04- You had no right to plough it - or to build a house on it.
0:17:05 > 0:17:07- It was a kind of no-man's-land.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11- Yes, but they broke the rules - in Hafod Ddiddig.
0:17:12 > 0:17:15- It's a shame - that these houses have disappeared.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18- Yes, it's terribly sad - in this case...
0:17:18 > 0:17:22- ..to lose a farmstead, - lose a ruin and lose a name.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32- Every area - has its colourful characters.
0:17:33 > 0:17:37- One of Ysbyty Ifan's real characters - was Elis Prys, The Red Doctor.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41- Nia Powell from Bangor University - knows the story.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44- Who and what was The Red Doctor?
0:17:45 > 0:17:50- He was a colourful character from - the very colourful 16th century.
0:17:51 > 0:17:53- He was born - at the turn of the century.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56- His father was a hero at Bosworth...
0:17:57 > 0:18:02- ..and as a result, the family - were given privileges and land.
0:18:03 > 0:18:05- They were certainly - a wealthy family.
0:18:06 > 0:18:10- They owned excellent grazing land - for cattle...
0:18:11 > 0:18:15- ..which created great riches - for those living in the uplands.
0:18:15 > 0:18:19- This was reflected in that - which Elis Prys's family owned.
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- Elis Prys went to Cambridge - University to study Civil Law...
0:18:26 > 0:18:29- ..and he received his doctorate - in 1535.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31- He must have been a brilliant man...
0:18:31 > 0:18:36- ..because he was soon appointed - a Visitor Of Monasteries In Wales.
0:18:36 > 0:18:42- He would inspect monasteries - on behalf of Thomas Cromwell...
0:18:42 > 0:18:47- ..who wanted to see - the dissolution of the monasteries.
0:18:47 > 0:18:52- Elis Prys and his fellow Visitors - inspected the monasteries.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57- Why was he called The Red Doctor?
0:18:59 > 0:19:03- Either because he had red hair, - but there's no proof of that...
0:19:04 > 0:19:08- ..or because he wore the gown - of his Cambridge doctorate...
0:19:09 > 0:19:14- ..which would have featured - a scarlet cloth stripe.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17- That's probably how he got his name.
0:19:17 > 0:19:20- We're standing by this wall - for a reason.
0:19:21 > 0:19:27- Yes, because legend has it that - The Red Doctor rode his horse...
0:19:27 > 0:19:30- ..along the top of this wall.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33- No-one knows why he did it.
0:19:34 > 0:19:36- He may have wanted to - survey his land...
0:19:37 > 0:19:39- ..and look towards Caernarfonshire.
0:19:40 > 0:19:45- He may have gazed across the lands - over which he had authority.
0:19:46 > 0:19:48- He must have had some nerve!
0:19:48 > 0:19:52- It seems clear he was - a larger than life character.
0:19:52 > 0:19:57- This sort of challenge may have been - something which appealed to him.
0:20:05 > 0:20:07- I like the sound of The Red Doctor.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10- If he did ride his horse - on top of that wall...
0:20:11 > 0:20:14- ..he was a very brave man - and a better rider than me.
0:20:14 > 0:20:18- Why would he ride his horse - on top of the wall?
0:20:18 > 0:20:23- I think he wanted to sit high up - to look down his nose at the people.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35- The striking, derelict farmhouse - of Bryn Gwyn...
0:20:36 > 0:20:40- ..stands in Cae'r Gadlas - - Farmyard Field.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44- A very special story - hides between the walls.
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- Eirian, at first glance this is - an unremarkable old cottage.
0:20:50 > 0:20:51- That isn't the case.
0:20:51 > 0:20:54- No. This building - is steeped in history.
0:20:54 > 0:20:59- Abraham Lincoln's great-grandmother - was born here.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01- Her name was Ellen Morris...
0:21:01 > 0:21:04- ..and she joined the Quakers - in Bala.
0:21:04 > 0:21:08- She walked to Bala from here, - over the mountain.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11- Bala isn't far from here, - as the crow flies.
0:21:11 > 0:21:15- She left Bala with the Quakers - and headed to Liverpool.
0:21:15 > 0:21:18- From there, - they sailed to Pennsylvania.
0:21:18 > 0:21:23- She met a boy from Bala, whom she - didn't know before, in Pennsylvania.
0:21:24 > 0:21:26- They got married - and the rest is history.
0:21:28 > 0:21:30- Do tourists come here to see it?
0:21:30 > 0:21:34- Yes. Many people have been here, - over the years.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41- People from Pennsylvania - have read about it...
0:21:41 > 0:21:46- ..and they come over here - to see the house for themselves.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49- Are there any other stories?
0:21:51 > 0:21:54- Yes. Rhys ap Maredudd Fawr - lived here.
0:21:55 > 0:21:59- Rhys was a standard-bearer - for Henry Tudor in Bosworth.
0:22:00 > 0:22:02- It's a historic place.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06- Yes. It's really atmospheric.
0:22:06 > 0:22:07- Yes. It's really calm.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09- Yes. It's really calm.- - Even on a blustery day.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18- A story which changed the world - started here.
0:22:19 > 0:22:23- Ellen Morris was born here but she - went to America with the Quakers.
0:22:24 > 0:22:28- In Pennsylvania, she met Cadwaladr - Evans from nearby Llandderfel!
0:22:29 > 0:22:32- Would they have met - had they not moved to America?
0:22:33 > 0:22:35- Three generations later...
0:22:35 > 0:22:40- ..her blood ran through the veins - of President Abraham Lincoln...
0:22:40 > 0:22:44- ..the man who worked tirelessly - to abolish slavery.
0:22:53 > 0:22:57- Rhian, travel and movement - has been a hidden theme...
0:22:57 > 0:22:59- ..in this part of Denbighshire.
0:22:59 > 0:23:01- Yes, that's very true.
0:23:01 > 0:23:07- The roads across the farm and - on both sides of it are important.
0:23:07 > 0:23:11- They were important to pilgrims - and to drovers.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15- They're still important, of course.
0:23:16 > 0:23:20- There are some great field names - on Gwern Hywel Ucha.
0:23:20 > 0:23:25- Yes. They're outstanding, though we - didn't solve some of the mysteries.
0:23:25 > 0:23:30- They reveal and conceal history - in equal measure!
0:23:38 > 0:23:42- Many things have struck me - during my visit to Gwern Hywel Ucha.
0:23:43 > 0:23:45- Perhaps the greatest of those...
0:23:45 > 0:23:50- ..is seeing Gruff, the seventh - generation, working on the farm.
0:23:51 > 0:23:55- The future of the farm, - its stories and its field names...
0:23:55 > 0:23:58- ..are in safe hands - for years to come.
0:24:25 > 0:24:27- S4C subtitles by Eirlys A Jones
0:24:27 > 0:24:28- .