0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *
0:00:00 > 0:00:01- Welcome to Codi Pac.
0:00:02 > 0:00:05- I'm Geraint Hardy, - and I'm travelling across Wales...
0:00:06 > 0:00:08- ..to find some of our treasures.
0:00:08 > 0:00:11- If you want a weekend away, - you needn't travel far.
0:00:11 > 0:00:13- It's all on the doorstep.
0:00:13 > 0:00:17- Places to eat, places to stay, - things to do and see.
0:00:17 > 0:00:19- They're all here on Codi Pac.
0:00:46 > 0:00:48- This week, I'm in Betws-y-Coed.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- A temporary stop for hikers, - a haven for adventurers...
0:00:53 > 0:00:56- ..the gateway to Snowdonia - and much, much more.
0:00:58 > 0:01:03- Betws means chapel of ease, - a small church or house of prayer.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07- Betws-y-Coed means - a house of prayer in the trees.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10- It's a convenient place - to stay in North Wales.
0:01:10 > 0:01:16- Before finding my hotel, I went - for a stroll with Edmwnd Rees...
0:01:16 > 0:01:19- ..from the local information centre.
0:01:19 > 0:01:22- He knows quite a bit - about the village's history.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27- Edmwnd, - we've gone past the train station.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29- Where are we headed next?
0:01:29 > 0:01:31- Where are we headed next?- - We're just passing the old church.
0:01:31 > 0:01:35- St Michael's Old Church is - Betws-y-Coed's original church.
0:01:36 > 0:01:39- It dates back to the 14th Century.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42- There was probably - a church here before then.
0:01:42 > 0:01:46- It does get used, but doesn't - belong to the Church in Wales.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49- The Friends of St Michael's Church - look after it.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53- They hold services here. - A candlelit Christmas service.
0:01:53 > 0:01:56- And on St Michael's Day - in September.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02- Here we are - nearing the first bridge.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04- Yes, the suspension bridge.
0:02:05 > 0:02:09- Am I right to say that this was - the main way in to Betws-y-Coed?
0:02:09 > 0:02:11- Yes, it was one of the main ways...
0:02:11 > 0:02:14- ..for people to come to the church - in Betws-y-Coed.
0:02:14 > 0:02:17- People could make their way over - to Pont Y Pair.
0:02:17 > 0:02:20- The road came around the mountain - over from Capel Garmon.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23- They'd cross the river here - on stepping stones.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27- Those would be dangerous, - particularly when there was a flood.
0:02:27 > 0:02:29- During the First World War...
0:02:30 > 0:02:34- ..soldiers from the Royal Engineers - were billeted here.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37- They built a wooden bridge - across the river here.
0:02:37 > 0:02:42- It was short-lived. I think it was - swept away in a flood in the 1920s.
0:02:44 > 0:02:48- This bridge was then built - in 1930 by the town council.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59- Is there a record of when tourists - started coming to Betws-y-Coed?
0:02:59 > 0:03:05- I would have thought it started - during the Napoleonic Wars.
0:03:05 > 0:03:08- Before then, it was traditional - for rich people...
0:03:09 > 0:03:11- ..to go on the Grand Tour of Europe.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15- That period of war - brought an end to that.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18- People turned to places - in this country to visit.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22- The Lake District and Snowdonia - were popular.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26- As a result of all these people - touring North Wales...
0:03:27 > 0:03:30- ..a lot of artists - came to stay in Betws-y-Coed.
0:03:30 > 0:03:35- Famous people like David Cox stayed - at the Royal Oak and other places.
0:03:35 > 0:03:40- They would create paintings - and then people would see them.
0:03:40 > 0:03:44- When the railway came - to Betws in 1868...
0:03:44 > 0:03:50- ..that enabled more ordinary people - to come here on holiday.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53- Most of the artists - were from wealthy families.
0:03:54 > 0:03:58- Different people came then - and the village grew.
0:03:58 > 0:04:00- It grew to the size you see now.
0:04:00 > 0:04:05- Most of the buildings were built - shortly after the railway came here.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09- A lot of people have done - the hike that I'm doing today.
0:04:09 > 0:04:12- Where do I go next? - For which bridge do I aim?
0:04:12 > 0:04:17- You can head up towards Pont Y Pair, - over the Llugwy river.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19- It's the village's oldest bridge.
0:04:20 > 0:04:22- It dates back to the 15th century.
0:04:22 > 0:04:24- If you fancy - an extra two miles...
0:04:25 > 0:04:28- ..you can head up the river - to Miners bridge.
0:04:28 > 0:04:32- That's a wooden bridge - built on an old Roman road.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- I've got quite a journey - ahead of me today.
0:04:35 > 0:04:37- It's a wonderful day - so why not go for it.
0:04:37 > 0:04:40- Thanks very much, Edmwnd - for the history and advice.
0:04:41 > 0:04:42- Are you heading back to the office?
0:04:42 > 0:04:44- Are you heading back to the office?- - Yes. It was nice to meet you.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- Good luck with the programme - and your journey.
0:04:49 > 0:04:51- It's great to meet local people.
0:04:51 > 0:04:55- They're full of interesting - and useful local knowledge.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58- Betws is a pretty village.
0:04:58 > 0:05:02- The Conwy and Llugwy rivers - are very popular attractions.
0:05:05 > 0:05:07- Waterloo Bridge - is well worth seeing.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09- It was built by Thomas Telford.
0:05:13 > 0:05:17- I'm walking out of the village, - past Pont Y Pair.
0:05:17 > 0:05:20- It's worth pausing here - to enjoy the views.
0:05:32 > 0:05:34- I head along the Llugwy river...
0:05:35 > 0:05:37- ..to another impressive bridge.
0:05:37 > 0:05:40- The Miners Bridge - was originally built...
0:05:40 > 0:05:43- ..for the men who worked - at the nearby lead mines.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51- It's the perfect spot - to take a photograph.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07- After the Miners Bridge...
0:06:07 > 0:06:11- ..it's worth the effort - to visit the Swallow Falls...
0:06:11 > 0:06:14- ..about three miles west - of Betws-y-Coed.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18- It's been a popular attraction - since the 19th century.
0:06:19 > 0:06:21- Without a doubt, it's stunning.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24- It's the perfect end - to a wonderful hike.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27- This really is beautiful.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31- The next step of my journey - is the Olif guesthouse.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- I've seen people throw coins - into the water.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36- Why not?
0:06:49 > 0:06:50- After my long hike...
0:06:51 > 0:06:55- ..I can't think of a better place - to put my head down than Olif.
0:06:55 > 0:06:58- This guesthouse - is also a Welsh tapas restaurant.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03- It is apparently Betws-y-Coed's - first boutique townhouse.
0:07:04 > 0:07:08- Each en-suite bedroom - has been designed individually.
0:07:08 > 0:07:10- Mine is on the top floor.
0:07:14 > 0:07:16- I'm already happy!
0:07:17 > 0:07:19- Look at this. - This looks like a French bed.
0:07:20 > 0:07:22- There's Welsh tapestry on the bed.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24- There's plenty of light in the room.
0:07:24 > 0:07:27- This is clever, - rather than fitting a cupboard...
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- ..they've kept it fresh and clean - with a pole to hang your clothes.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35- Let's check out the bathroom. - It's nice and modern.
0:07:36 > 0:07:41- There's a wonderful shower here. - Dear me, check out this bath!
0:07:44 > 0:07:45- In addition to bedrooms...
0:07:46 > 0:07:49- ..the restaurant is decorated simply - with open fireplaces...
0:07:50 > 0:07:53- ..wooden floors - and tasteful furniture.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59- Mari and Aubrey Martin-Matthews - own this wonderful place.
0:07:59 > 0:08:04- Mari was raised in Manchester - in a Welsh-speaking Lleyn family.
0:08:05 > 0:08:08- For years, - we've considered opening a B&B
0:08:08 > 0:08:13- We collected recipes for years with - a view to opening a restaurant.
0:08:14 > 0:08:17- We saw this place - and thought this was it.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21- We decided that to start, - we'd open a bed and breakfast.
0:08:22 > 0:08:26- When we saw this place, - it was nothing like it is now.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- We thought, it'll be a lot of work.
0:08:30 > 0:08:33- We've had to renovate it all.
0:08:33 > 0:08:36- Every wall, everything.
0:08:36 > 0:08:38- It took time for us to do it.
0:08:39 > 0:08:40- I thought it was worth it.
0:08:41 > 0:08:45- I see that a lot of the things - you have here are from Wales.
0:08:46 > 0:08:47- Was that a deliberate choice?
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- We thought it was important - that we used local produce...
0:08:53 > 0:08:55- ..to support local businesses.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59- The quality of food - in North Wales...
0:08:59 > 0:09:02- ..indeed, throughout Wales, - is amazing.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07- We use Welsh produce - for everything we can.
0:09:07 > 0:09:12- We heard about this guy - who produced Welsh chorizo.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15- I thought why don't we do tapas.
0:09:15 > 0:09:21- Then we can do all kinds of things - to show off the Welsh food.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24- We can showcase them - in different ways.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27- We wanted to do something - a bit more quirky.
0:09:28 > 0:09:31- Thanks for the chat, Mari, - and thanks for letting me stay.
0:09:32 > 0:09:33- Thank you.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37- There are plenty of places - to stay in Betws-y-Coed.
0:09:38 > 0:09:40- Like this place.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42- This is the Vagabond Bunkhouse.
0:09:43 > 0:09:46- A lot of mountain bikers - and young people stay here.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48- There are also family rooms.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51- The big question is, - who gets the top bunk?
0:09:58 > 0:10:01- People from all over the world - have signed this flag.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04- I think it's important - for Codi Pac to sign it too.
0:10:16 > 0:10:20- We move on now - to The Ferns Guesthouse.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23- It's run by Sarah Jones - who is learning Welsh.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- Sarah, we're here at your hotel, - The Ferns.
0:10:29 > 0:10:31- Thanks for the welcome.
0:10:31 > 0:10:33- For how long - have you been learning Welsh?
0:10:34 > 0:10:38- I've been learning Welsh - for six years.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40- From where do you come, originally?
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- Originally, I lived in Oxford.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48- Did you move here to Betws-y-Coed - to run the hotel?
0:10:49 > 0:10:53- Yes, my husband and I - wanted to run the hotel.
0:10:53 > 0:10:55- We also wanted a change.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58- Do a lot of people - come from abroad?
0:10:58 > 0:11:02- People from all over the world - come to stay here.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04- We get a lot of people here...
0:11:04 > 0:11:07- ..who have travelled - across the sea to The Ferns.
0:11:10 > 0:11:14- A lot of people - come from the Midlands.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17- Around two years ago...
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- ..I had a lady from Japan - staying at the house.
0:11:22 > 0:11:28- It was quite interesting because - the woman was learning Welsh.
0:11:28 > 0:11:30- She was from Japan and spoke Welsh.
0:11:30 > 0:11:32- She'd learned like you.
0:11:32 > 0:11:33- She'd learned like you.- - Yes.
0:11:35 > 0:11:37- I was impressed.
0:11:39 > 0:11:43- What's the best thing about - Betws-y-Coed in your opinion?
0:11:43 > 0:11:45- Why do people come here?
0:11:45 > 0:11:48- There are a lot of things to do - in the village.
0:11:50 > 0:11:52- You can go walking in the forest.
0:11:52 > 0:11:54- You can walk along the river.
0:11:56 > 0:11:58- You can play on Cae Llan.
0:11:59 > 0:12:05- Of course, a lot of people - want to walk up Snowdon.
0:12:05 > 0:12:10- For you, do you speak Welsh - in and around the village?
0:12:10 > 0:12:11- Of course.
0:12:12 > 0:12:13- I try.
0:12:13 > 0:12:17- I like speaking Welsh - with the ladies in the paper shop.
0:12:17 > 0:12:23- I like to speak Welsh - with the ladies in Spar...
0:12:23 > 0:12:26- ..when I'm buying bread and cakes.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- What advice would you give someone - who wants to learn Welsh?
0:12:31 > 0:12:36- I'm not sure what the Welsh is, - but in English, go for it.
0:12:36 > 0:12:37- "Cer amdani" - go for it.
0:12:37 > 0:12:39- "Cer amdani" - go for it.- - Go for it.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43- I'd like to take a picture, - before I go, if that's OK?
0:12:43 > 0:12:43- Yes.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45- Yes.- - OK, one, two, three.
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- If you need more information about - places to stay head to our website.
0:12:52 > 0:12:54- Ah, great. Wonderful.
0:12:54 > 0:12:56- Great. Lovely.
0:12:58 > 0:13:03- After a wonderful day in - Betws-y-Coed, I'm a little tired.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- I'm lucky I can escape - back to the hotel.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11- I've had a relaxing day today - in sunny Betws-y-Coed.
0:13:11 > 0:13:14- In part two, - things get more exciting.
0:13:17 > 0:13:17- .
0:13:20 > 0:13:20- Subtitles
0:13:20 > 0:13:22- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:13:28 > 0:13:33- After a good night's sleep, I face - another busy day in Betws-y-Coed.
0:13:34 > 0:13:35- First things first, breakfast!
0:13:35 > 0:13:36- First things first, breakfast!- - Good morning!
0:13:37 > 0:13:38- Here we go.
0:13:38 > 0:13:39- Great, thanks.
0:13:40 > 0:13:42- I'll put the toast there - for a minute.
0:13:42 > 0:13:45- It's a nice day, isn't it?
0:13:45 > 0:13:47- Yes. What are you up to today?
0:13:47 > 0:13:48- Have you planned?
0:13:48 > 0:13:52- I'm going to Zipworld today. - A bit of an adventure today.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54- Eat that and rest for a bit.
0:13:55 > 0:13:56- Thanks very much, Mari.
0:13:56 > 0:13:57- Thanks very much, Mari.- - Sauce?
0:13:58 > 0:14:00- I'm fine, thanks.
0:14:01 > 0:14:04- Traditionally, - the views and mountains...
0:14:04 > 0:14:07- ..attracted people - to this part of North Wales.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10- People come here - to walk and climb mountains...
0:14:11 > 0:14:14- ..and to enjoy - the breathtaking beaches.
0:14:14 > 0:14:19- There are now new activities - to appeal to a new breed of tourist.
0:14:22 > 0:14:26- I'm looking forward - to learning more from Rhys Watkin.
0:14:26 > 0:14:28- Exactly what is Zipworld?
0:14:29 > 0:14:33- It's a company that offers - alternative experiences.
0:14:35 > 0:14:37- There are three different locations.
0:14:38 > 0:14:41- Can you explain - the difference between them?
0:14:41 > 0:14:45- This is Zipworld Fforest - outside Betws-y-Coed.
0:14:46 > 0:14:49- We offer a lot of experiences - up in the trees.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52- We have a site in Bethesda - in Penrhyn Quarry.
0:14:52 > 0:14:56- That's where the long Zipworld line - that everyone's seen is.
0:14:57 > 0:15:01- We also have the slate caverns - in Blaenau Ffestiniog.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- They're similar, - just set in old caves.
0:15:04 > 0:15:07- A lot of fun. - You're open all year too.
0:15:08 > 0:15:13- If people travel from far, they can - get here from the village for free.
0:15:15 > 0:15:18- We offer a park and ride - from Betws-y-Coed.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23- If you fancy coming to Fforest...
0:15:23 > 0:15:27- ..you can jump on the park and ride - and come on up.
0:15:27 > 0:15:30- It looks like a lot of fun.
0:15:30 > 0:15:31- Where do we start?
0:15:32 > 0:15:34- We'll start on the nets.
0:15:35 > 0:15:37- Let's go for it.
0:15:39 > 0:15:41- There's a definite bounce.
0:15:45 > 0:15:48- You're better at bouncing.
0:15:48 > 0:15:50- The corners are the trick.
0:15:50 > 0:15:52- The corners are the trick.- - The corners are hard.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57- As you can see, there are paths - that go around the forest.
0:15:57 > 0:16:00- They lead to larger squares - like this square.
0:16:05 > 0:16:08- In some of the squares or rooms, - there are balls.
0:16:14 > 0:16:15- High knees! Boom boom!
0:16:20 > 0:16:23- If you do come here - with your children...
0:16:24 > 0:16:26- ..I'll say one thing, - it's hard work.
0:16:27 > 0:16:29- I'm out of breath.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- A tip from the top.
0:16:34 > 0:16:35- Once you are tired...
0:16:35 > 0:16:40- ..this is the perfect place - to lie down and enjoy the view.
0:16:46 > 0:16:49- I don't need a hotel. - I'll just sleep here.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55- There's traffic on the road, - down I go!
0:16:56 > 0:16:58- Excuse me, excuse me.
0:17:05 > 0:17:09- Since I was a young child, - I've always enjoyed slides.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12- There's only one way - to finish the journey. Bye!
0:17:15 > 0:17:18- Rhys, that was amazing.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21- There is one small thing left.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23- Yes, the plummet. Ready?
0:17:23 > 0:17:24- Yes, the plummet. Ready?- - Yes.
0:17:26 > 0:17:29- Before plummeting, - you have to climb.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32- You climb a 106-foot high tree.
0:17:32 > 0:17:36- One, two, three.
0:17:43 > 0:17:44- Oh, that's horrible.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48- Thank heavens I'm safe.
0:17:55 > 0:17:58- That excitement has made me hungry.
0:17:58 > 0:18:03- There are lots of places to eat - here in Betws-y-Coed.
0:18:04 > 0:18:07- There's a wonderful coffee shop - near the old station.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11- Or you can enjoy - an old-fashioned train carriage.
0:18:11 > 0:18:17- After the excitement of Zipworld, - relax at Betws-y-Coed's pizzeria.
0:18:17 > 0:18:22- There's a warm welcome - for the whole family.
0:18:22 > 0:18:27- A percentage of profits go towards - protecting animals like orang-utans.
0:18:27 > 0:18:30- If it's cold, - borrow a blanket to sit outside.
0:18:31 > 0:18:33- As it's warm, I'll sunbathe!
0:18:44 > 0:18:50- If you like ugly houses, - there's one outside the village.
0:18:55 > 0:18:57- If you prefer pub grub...
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- ..the Ty Gwyn - is over the Waterloo Bridge.
0:19:00 > 0:19:04- A warm, cosy place - that offers traditional fare.
0:19:10 > 0:19:11- Bye!
0:19:14 > 0:19:16- It's been a full day - to say the least.
0:19:17 > 0:19:18- I've had some food.
0:19:18 > 0:19:20- I'm travelling in style now.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23- I'm on Betws-y-Coed's - small steam train.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27- It's perfect for the big kids, - like me, and the small kids too.
0:19:28 > 0:19:29- Choo-choo!
0:19:31 > 0:19:36- After relaxing on the steam train, - you can visit the museum.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40- There's plenty of history - and big children's toys.
0:19:50 > 0:19:55- Next, we're heading out - of Betws-y-Coed to Ffin y Parc.
0:19:56 > 0:19:58- It's a grand house - on the road to Llanrwst.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- It's a unique place - that's worth a visit.
0:20:10 > 0:20:12- I've heard a lot about this place.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15- Everybody says it's worth a visit.
0:20:16 > 0:20:18- That's certainly true - as you walk in.
0:20:18 > 0:20:22- Look at these great stairs - and there's art on every wall.
0:20:22 > 0:20:27- Over here, there's a small - welcoming cafe in the sunlight.
0:20:27 > 0:20:30- It's peaceful, - relaxing and elegant.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34- It's all encompassed in one place.
0:20:34 > 0:20:36- This place is awesome.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52- Rowland, Ffin Y Parc - is an incredible building.
0:20:52 > 0:20:54- Tell me some of its history.
0:20:55 > 0:20:57- We moved here around ten years ago.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- We decided to open a gallery.
0:21:01 > 0:21:03- We're now in our sixth year.
0:21:04 > 0:21:07- We have a dozen different shows - every year.
0:21:07 > 0:21:11- Every month, we take everything - off the walls and replace them.
0:21:11 > 0:21:13- What kind of work - do you accept here?
0:21:14 > 0:21:15- Is there a theme?
0:21:15 > 0:21:20- The artist has to have - a link to Wales.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23- They've either lived here - or worked here.
0:21:23 > 0:21:25- Some of them paint landscape.
0:21:25 > 0:21:28- Some of them do portraits - or abstract art.
0:21:28 > 0:21:32- There's no overarching theme - for all the work.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36- But the artist - must have some link with Wales.
0:21:36 > 0:21:38- It's wonderful.
0:21:38 > 0:21:42- What big or exciting names - have you had displayed here?
0:21:43 > 0:21:46- Chloe Holt, she's a young artist.
0:21:47 > 0:21:50- She's attracting - a lot of attention at the moment.
0:21:51 > 0:21:53- And then there's Elfyn Jones.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57- We also have Elfyn Lewis. - We have two Elfyns.
0:21:57 > 0:22:00- Elfyn Lewis is from Porthmadog, - his work is exciting.
0:22:00 > 0:22:02- He's won a gold medal - at the Eisteddfod.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06- A lot of people come here - once or twice a week.
0:22:06 > 0:22:10- There's a coffee shop here - so people come to sit and chat.
0:22:11 > 0:22:13- They view and buy - what's on the walls.
0:22:14 > 0:22:16- What kind of food do you do?
0:22:16 > 0:22:17- We do tea and coffee.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20- There's a selection of cakes - every day.
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- We make everything here.
0:22:23 > 0:22:28- Between 12.00 and 2.30, - we have sandwiches, quiche.
0:22:29 > 0:22:31- There are specials every day.
0:22:32 > 0:22:36- Soups, burgers, pasta, salads, - that kind of stuff.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39- Rowland, it's been a pleasure - to be here today.
0:22:40 > 0:22:44- I'm going to wander around - the place. Thanks for the chat.
0:23:05 > 0:23:10- It's been an adventure from start - to finish here in Betws-y-Coed.
0:23:10 > 0:23:11- I've found a haven.
0:23:12 > 0:23:15- A quiet place to look back - on my journey with a smile.
0:23:32 > 0:23:34- S4C Subtitles by Testun Cyf.
0:23:34 > 0:23:35- .