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0:00:22 > 0:00:28- This week, Rhodri Morgan follows - a meteorite's path to Anglesey.
0:00:29 > 0:00:34- Gwennan Schiavone reveals a link - between Nazism and Wales.
0:00:35 > 0:00:39- And a sad story associated - with a brick wall near Caernarfon.
0:00:42 > 0:00:47- I'm in Tenby, one of Britain's - loveliest Georgian seaside towns.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- Tourism has been responsible - for its recent prosperity.
0:00:54 > 0:00:57- But it was - Tenby's geographical features...
0:00:57 > 0:01:00- ..that attracted the Normans - during the 11th century.
0:01:02 > 0:01:06- Tenby has a natural, - sheltered harbour.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10- It was in a strategic position...
0:01:10 > 0:01:15- ..to defend the realm from attacks - from France or Ireland.
0:01:16 > 0:01:21- It's also perched on a rock, - which made it easy to defend.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27- Nevertheless, the Welsh had a go!
0:01:28 > 0:01:30- They caused a lot of damage - in 1187...
0:01:31 > 0:01:36- ..and laid waste to the town - under Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1260.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41- The first Earl of Pembroke, - William de Valence, responded...
0:01:41 > 0:01:44- ..by building huge town walls.
0:01:44 > 0:01:48- If the Welsh came knocking again, - they'd have their work cut out.
0:01:51 > 0:01:57- Over the following centuries, - Tenby became a busy trading post.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00- Coal and textiles were exported...
0:02:00 > 0:02:05- ..and the ships returned with goods - such as salt, wine, oil and vinegar.
0:02:05 > 0:02:07- Here's an interesting fact.
0:02:07 > 0:02:12- The first orange to come to Wales - arrived in Tenby...
0:02:13 > 0:02:15- ..off a Portuguese ship in 1566.
0:02:15 > 0:02:17- Around the same time...
0:02:18 > 0:02:22- ..a prosperous Tudor merchant - and his family lived here.
0:02:22 > 0:02:27- It's a museum now, but its - Flemish architectural touches...
0:02:27 > 0:02:32- ..indicate how prosperous - and worldly-wise the owner was.
0:02:32 > 0:02:34- Apart from St Mary's Church...
0:02:34 > 0:02:40- ..it's Tenby's only surviving - medieval building.
0:02:40 > 0:02:44- However, beneath the present - Georgian landscape...
0:02:44 > 0:02:47- ..they say there's a network - of medieval tunnels.
0:02:49 > 0:02:51- Hello. Welcome to Tenby.
0:02:51 > 0:02:57- Local historian John Beynon joins me - to reveal Tenby's hidden history.
0:02:57 > 0:03:02- We might be opposite the chemist's, - but we're not here to buy medicine.
0:03:02 > 0:03:04- Why have you brought me here, John?
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- During the Middle Ages...
0:03:07 > 0:03:12- ..most of the houses around here - would have been owned by merchants.
0:03:12 > 0:03:16- The one over the road - was the home of Thomas White.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22- He was very rich and owned ships - that sailed around Europe.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26- I've been told - there are tunnels beneath us.
0:03:26 > 0:03:31- Yes, a tunnel goes from here, - where White had another house...
0:03:31 > 0:03:35- ..under the chemist's - and down to the sea.
0:03:35 > 0:03:41- The purpose was to allow people - swift access to the harbour...
0:03:41 > 0:03:43- ..to the awaiting ships.
0:03:43 > 0:03:47- So it was purely practical, - and nothing to do with smugglers.
0:03:48 > 0:03:51- I don't think so. - I've never heard of smugglers here.
0:03:52 > 0:03:57- Fair play to John - for defending his town's honour.
0:03:57 > 0:04:03- He has used his local contacts - to gain access to the storeroom.
0:04:03 > 0:04:05- Behind the tablets and shampoos...
0:04:06 > 0:04:11- ..there's a door that leads to the - old world of the Tudor merchants.
0:04:11 > 0:04:12- Are there ghosts here, John?
0:04:12 > 0:04:14- Are there ghosts here, John?- - I don't know!
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- Here's the chamber.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27- It's quite large, isn't it?
0:04:27 > 0:04:29- It is.
0:04:29 > 0:04:30- What was stored here? Wine?
0:04:30 > 0:04:32- What was stored here? Wine?- - Yes.
0:04:32 > 0:04:36- Perhaps coal was stored here too.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39- When did they build the tunnels?
0:04:39 > 0:04:44- It's believed that they were built - during the 15th century.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- Is there a large network - under the town?
0:04:48 > 0:04:52- There are many tunnels - under the present houses.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56- I've heard a story - about a link with Henry Tudor.
0:04:56 > 0:05:00- Henry Tudor and his uncle, - Jasper Tudor...
0:05:00 > 0:05:04- ..were hidden here - by Thomas White and his son...
0:05:05 > 0:05:09- ..before fleeing to France, - or so the story goes.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12- It's not a way to attract tourists?
0:05:12 > 0:05:15- Maybe. I don't know!
0:05:17 > 0:05:20- As dusk gathered, - I wanted to see...
0:05:20 > 0:05:25- ..where this slightly dubious - Tudor tale would lead me.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28- It seems that it's possible - to rejoin the tunnel...
0:05:28 > 0:05:31- ..from Hafod y Mor, - which is above the harbour.
0:05:32 > 0:05:33- Hi.
0:05:33 > 0:05:34- Hi.- - Hello.
0:05:34 > 0:05:36- I'm met there by Heledd ap Gwynfor.
0:05:36 > 0:05:41- Unexpectedly, Heledd has not one - but two tunnels to show me.
0:05:44 > 0:05:45- Here we are.
0:05:45 > 0:05:47- Here we are.- - Wahey!
0:05:48 > 0:05:52- It's like a cave. - These look like welding rods.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- Was this tunnel once linked - to the tunnel under Boots?
0:05:57 > 0:06:02- So they say. It's quite possible. - It's been blocked for years now.
0:06:02 > 0:06:07- Henry Tudor could have escaped - from where Boots is now...
0:06:08 > 0:06:12- ..under the town, - and could have come this way.
0:06:14 > 0:06:18- But there's another tunnel - you need to see...
0:06:18 > 0:06:21- ..that leads down to the harbour.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23- I can show you the way now.
0:06:23 > 0:06:24- I can show you the way now.- - Really?
0:06:24 > 0:06:25- Shall we go?
0:06:25 > 0:06:27- Shall we go?- - Great.
0:06:31 > 0:06:36- We're in the garden - next door to Hafod y Mor.
0:06:37 > 0:06:41- This is the end - of your journey, Dewi.
0:06:41 > 0:06:44- That's the direction - you need to take.
0:06:44 > 0:06:46- OK! Is it alright to go down there?
0:06:46 > 0:06:47- Yes.
0:06:48 > 0:06:48- Aren't you coming with me?
0:06:48 > 0:06:51- Aren't you coming with me?- - No, I'll let you go.
0:06:51 > 0:06:51- Nice to see you.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53- Nice to see you.- - Thanks, Heledd. Bye.
0:06:53 > 0:06:54- Good luck!
0:06:58 > 0:07:03- Whatever came down this way, - coal, textiles or a future king...
0:07:03 > 0:07:08- ..I just hope there'll be - a few harbour lights to greet me.
0:07:18 > 0:07:22- The National Library Of Wales - was criticized recently...
0:07:22 > 0:07:26- ..for accepting papers - from a politically dubious source.
0:07:26 > 0:07:30- The papers tell the story - of Bezen Perrot...
0:07:31 > 0:07:33- ..a Breton nationalist group...
0:07:33 > 0:07:37- ..that collaborated with the Nazis - during World War II.
0:07:38 > 0:07:43- After the war, members of the group - had to flee, for obvious reasons.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45- Among them was Louis Feutren.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50- He travelled through Wales - to find refuge in Ireland.
0:07:51 > 0:07:56- He eventually reached Ireland, - but his path has led back to Wales.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00- Louis Feutren died in 2010.
0:08:00 > 0:08:04- In his will, - he bequeathed his personal papers...
0:08:04 > 0:08:09- ..and a gift of 300,000 - to the Library.
0:08:12 > 0:08:16- The Library's decision - to accept the bequest...
0:08:16 > 0:08:19- ..caused a great hoo-ha - in the press.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22- Down we go to the Library's vaults.
0:08:22 > 0:08:26- Gwyn Griffiths is an expert - on recent Breton history.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- He has conducted a lot of research - into the Bezen Perrot group.
0:08:30 > 0:08:31- Here we are.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36- Despite the opposition - to the Library's decision...
0:08:36 > 0:08:41- ..as historians, we're grateful - to be allowed access to the papers.
0:08:42 > 0:08:44- This is the Feutren Collection.
0:08:45 > 0:08:49- What was the group's main aim?
0:08:49 > 0:08:54- Bretons harboured a lot of hatred - towards the French state.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57- The language wasn't taught - in schools.
0:08:58 > 0:09:04- We can safely say that some hated - the French more than the Germans.
0:09:04 > 0:09:09- The French treated - the Breton language with contempt.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13- How fascist and extreme were they?
0:09:13 > 0:09:16- The leader was Celestin Laine.
0:09:16 > 0:09:20- Feutren was his lieutenant, - he was close to him.
0:09:20 > 0:09:22- He held anti-Semitic beliefs.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- He was one of those - who believed in a master race.
0:09:26 > 0:09:32- That Celtic, Germanic - and Nordic peoples were superior.
0:09:33 > 0:09:35- The history is very complex.
0:09:36 > 0:09:37- Yes.
0:09:37 > 0:09:41- This archive will no doubt - contribute to the historical record.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45- I hope it will shed some light - on the story.
0:09:46 > 0:09:48- Let's see what's in the collection.
0:09:49 > 0:09:50- Here we are.
0:09:50 > 0:09:52- That's why we're here.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05- As I look at these documents...
0:10:05 > 0:10:09- ..I hope your Breton - is better than mine.
0:10:10 > 0:10:14- This is a letter - from Marc'harid Gourlaouen.
0:10:16 > 0:10:19- She organized - correspondence courses.
0:10:21 > 0:10:27- That's "skol dre lizher" in Breton - - school through letters.
0:10:27 > 0:10:32- That leads me to think - that Feutren didn't speak Breton.
0:10:32 > 0:10:35- He contacted her - because he was learning Breton.
0:10:36 > 0:10:41- These letters were received - by Feutren in Ireland.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45- He travelled through Wales - to go to Ireland, didn't he?
0:10:46 > 0:10:47- Yes, that's right.
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- He says a little about his travels - in this document.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56- He went to southern Germany.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- He worked his way - from there to Paris...
0:11:01 > 0:11:02- ..then on to Wales.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06- He does mention Wales.
0:11:06 > 0:11:12- In 1946, he went to Swansea - and stayed with a Dr Jones.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15- He then spent some time in Bangor.
0:11:18 > 0:11:23- It's clear that Welsh people - took care of these fleeing Bretons.
0:11:23 > 0:11:29- Indeed, they got a better reception - in Wales than in Ireland.
0:11:29 > 0:11:33- That's an important factor - behind his decision...
0:11:33 > 0:11:36- ..to make this bequeath - to the National Library.
0:11:38 > 0:11:43- The Bretons thought of the Library - as a Mecca of Celtic culture.
0:11:43 > 0:11:48- This is only one box - in a much larger collection.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51- Who knows what it contains?
0:11:51 > 0:11:55- As a historian interested - in this field, how do you feel?
0:11:55 > 0:11:57- It's very exciting.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00- It's a piece of history...
0:12:00 > 0:12:05- ..about how Welsh people interacted - with the fleeing Bretons.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08- We've hardly scratched the surface.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11- A new field of study is opening...
0:12:11 > 0:12:16- ..about all that happened - between the Welsh and the Bretons.
0:12:17 > 0:12:21- About the way they interacted. - It's very exciting.
0:12:21 > 0:12:23- It's time I put on these gloves.
0:12:23 > 0:12:28- If you'd like to learn more - about the subject...
0:12:28 > 0:12:32- ..there are a few useful links - on our Facebook page now.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47- This place name - always puts a smile on my face.
0:12:56 > 0:12:57- But why Plwmp?
0:12:58 > 0:13:03- Long ago, there was only - a farm here, Maes-y-crugiau.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05- There was a water pump outside.
0:13:06 > 0:13:10- Passers-by quenched their thirst - and watered their animals.
0:13:10 > 0:13:11- The name Pwmp stuck.
0:13:12 > 0:13:16- Somehow, over the years, - an L was added to the name.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19- It stuck - people plumped for Plwmp!
0:13:22 > 0:13:22- .
0:13:25 > 0:13:25- Subtitles
0:13:25 > 0:13:27- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:13:29 > 0:13:33- Beddgelert is a glorious village - in the heart of Snowdonia.
0:13:33 > 0:13:36- Tourists throng here in summer.
0:13:37 > 0:13:42- Many come to pay tribute - to Wales's most famous dog.
0:13:42 > 0:13:46- But it's quiet in autumn and winter.
0:13:49 > 0:13:53- Sixty years ago, - on 21 September 1948...
0:13:53 > 0:13:55- ..at 1.47am...
0:13:56 > 0:13:59- ..the village was roused - from its autumnal slumber...
0:14:00 > 0:14:02- ..when an extraterrestrial landed.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- It was a meteorite.
0:14:08 > 0:14:14- A cosmic rock that must have seen - marvels on its space journey.
0:14:14 > 0:14:20- A journey that ended in the roof - of the Prince Llewelyn Hotel.
0:14:20 > 0:14:25- Harry Hughes was one of the first - to arrive to assess the damage.
0:14:25 > 0:14:30- His son still lives in the village - and remembers the event.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33- John, the rock landed there, - not the main building?
0:14:34 > 0:14:37- Yes, it went through the roof - of the old bar.
0:14:37 > 0:14:39- Did it cause much damage?
0:14:39 > 0:14:42- Did it cause much damage?- - It left quite a hole in the slates.
0:14:42 > 0:14:47- I'd never seen or heard - of anything like it.
0:14:48 > 0:14:50- People must have been curious.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53- People must have been curious.- - There was a big fuss in the press.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55- How was your father involved?
0:14:56 > 0:15:01- He was a builder and did - maintenance work in local hotels.
0:15:01 > 0:15:05- They asked him to repair the roof, - to keep the rain out.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09- He handled the stone for a while.
0:15:09 > 0:15:12- The next day, - his hands had swelled up.
0:15:14 > 0:15:18- An expert came here - with a Geiger counter.
0:15:18 > 0:15:20- I remember the machine in our home.
0:15:20 > 0:15:21- Was he alright?
0:15:21 > 0:15:22- Was he alright?- - Not for a few days.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25- His hands stayed swollen.
0:15:25 > 0:15:30- This is a replica of the stone - that went through the roof.
0:15:30 > 0:15:31- It's hard to imagine.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33- It's hard to imagine.- - It isn't big.
0:15:33 > 0:15:36- It must have been travelling - to cause so much damage!
0:15:37 > 0:15:39- It was heavy too, - about three pounds.
0:15:40 > 0:15:42- What became of the stone?
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- It went to Durham University - to be tested.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49- Dare I say that it's a better story - than Gelert's story?
0:15:50 > 0:15:53- I agree. There's more truth in it!
0:15:55 > 0:15:58- Since 1847, - Cambridge University Press...
0:15:59 > 0:16:05- ..has published a detailed catalogue - of every meteorite to fall on Earth.
0:16:05 > 0:16:10- While 22 have fallen in England, - only two have fallen in Wales.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16- Two officially, that is.
0:16:16 > 0:16:21- The other meteorite - fell in 1931 on Pontllyfni...
0:16:22 > 0:16:25- ..only about ten miles - from Beddgelert.
0:16:25 > 0:16:28- That's quite unusual in itself.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30- But, more unusual still...
0:16:30 > 0:16:36- ..it seems that a third meteorite - fell in this part of the world...
0:16:37 > 0:16:39- ..about two years before, in 1929.
0:16:39 > 0:16:42- This was an unofficial meteorite.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48- The story - of the alleged third meteorite...
0:16:48 > 0:16:54- ..takes me to Jack Roberts's home - in Brynsiencyn, Anglesey.
0:16:57 > 0:16:59- Jack, you have quite a collection.
0:16:59 > 0:17:04- This one shows signs - of human activity.
0:17:05 > 0:17:06- Is it a dagger head, perhaps?
0:17:06 > 0:17:07- Is it a dagger head, perhaps?- - Yes.
0:17:07 > 0:17:12- This was found on your land. - It's an axe head.
0:17:12 > 0:17:13- Yes.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- But the star of the show - is from space.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20- How did you come by this?
0:17:20 > 0:17:25- On a farm, while preparing - a field to grow grain...
0:17:26 > 0:17:29- ..you walk the land - to gather large stones.
0:17:29 > 0:17:31- Anything this size, you remove.
0:17:32 > 0:17:38- I bent to pick this up - and found it was very heavy.
0:17:38 > 0:17:39- It's extremely heavy.
0:17:39 > 0:17:41- It's extremely heavy.- - I'll try.
0:17:41 > 0:17:44- Wow! It's heavier than it looks.
0:17:44 > 0:17:46- And it looks heavy!
0:17:46 > 0:17:48- It's always cold.
0:17:49 > 0:17:54- You got proof that this - is a meteorite from space...
0:17:55 > 0:17:57- ..through a local connection.
0:17:57 > 0:18:03- Mr Tecwyn Roberts, who grew up - in Llanddaniel, worked for NASA.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06- He came to the school - to talk to the children.
0:18:06 > 0:18:09- My daughter told him about the rock.
0:18:10 > 0:18:13- He asked to chip a bit off it.
0:18:13 > 0:18:17- More than a chip, if you ask me!
0:18:17 > 0:18:21- He had contacts - who could carbon date it.
0:18:24 > 0:18:27- They said it had come down in 1929.
0:18:27 > 0:18:32- It then lay in the field - until the 1960s when I found it.
0:18:33 > 0:18:37- As well as getting proof, - thanks to Tecwyn Roberts...
0:18:38 > 0:18:41- ..that this is - in fact a meteorite...
0:18:41 > 0:18:44- ..other scientists - have also shown an interest in it.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47- Yes. We run a bed and breakfast.
0:18:47 > 0:18:53- Six Japanese people - come here every other year...
0:18:53 > 0:18:57- ..along with a professor - from the south of England.
0:18:57 > 0:18:59- He has made me an offer for it.
0:19:00 > 0:19:05- But one of the Japanese is keener - to get it than the Englishman.
0:19:06 > 0:19:08- I'm playing them against each other!
0:19:09 > 0:19:11- Thank you very much, Jack.
0:19:11 > 0:19:14- Are you still open to offers?
0:19:14 > 0:19:16- Goodness me, yes.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20- A poor farmer - would never refuse an offer!
0:19:34 > 0:19:39- I'm Aled Jones and I farm Hendy, - a dairy farm near Caernarfon.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- I've lived here for over 50 years.
0:19:42 > 0:19:48- In one of the fields, - there's a very interesting wall.
0:19:48 > 0:19:53- I've lived here for 50 years - but knew very little about it.
0:19:54 > 0:19:59- Then, ten years ago, I met someone - who came to camp on the farm.
0:19:59 > 0:20:04- He told me that his grandfather - came here during World War I...
0:20:04 > 0:20:08- ..on exercises - with the Accrington Pals.
0:20:09 > 0:20:11- The British Army had the idea...
0:20:12 > 0:20:15- ..of forming regiments - from various towns.
0:20:16 > 0:20:21- They were called Pals - because people would find it hard...
0:20:21 > 0:20:26- ..to refuse a request - to join their own town's regiment.
0:20:30 > 0:20:35- On 23 February 1915, the Accrington - Pals came to Caernarfon.
0:20:36 > 0:20:40- Three trains carrying 1,200 men - arrived at Caernarfon Station.
0:20:41 > 0:20:46- Lodgings had been arranged for them - in local houses and hotels.
0:20:47 > 0:20:51- It caused a great stir locally, - as you can imagine.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00- They got up very early.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04- They were drilled on Castle Square.
0:21:04 > 0:21:08- They would then return - to their lodgings for breakfast.
0:21:09 > 0:21:14- They then crossed the bridge - over the Seiont and came here.
0:21:15 > 0:21:21- They dug trenches and practised - with guns and bayonets.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23- They also practised shooting.
0:21:24 > 0:21:28- GUNSHOTS
0:21:28 > 0:21:32- There are bullet marks - all over the wall.
0:21:34 > 0:21:38- Imagine how much shooting - took place here.
0:21:38 > 0:21:43- Some of them had never used guns, - let alone shot a person.
0:21:43 > 0:21:46- GUNSHOTS
0:21:50 > 0:21:56- On 15 May, the Accrington Pals - received a call to leave Caernarfon.
0:21:56 > 0:22:01- Almost a year later, they took part - in the terrible battle on the Somme.
0:22:01 > 0:22:06- Tragically and shockingly, - most were killed within 20 minutes.
0:22:07 > 0:22:12- They climbed out of the trenches - and walked into German gunfire...
0:22:13 > 0:22:15- ..which just mowed them down.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18- They had to walk slowly, not run.
0:22:18 > 0:22:21- Unbelievably, - those were their orders.
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- It was a bloodbath.
0:22:24 > 0:22:26- Very few of them - came home alive.
0:22:31 > 0:22:33- Following that great tragedy...
0:22:34 > 0:22:37- ..the British Army - stopped forming town regiments...
0:22:38 > 0:22:43- ..because Accrington had lost - so many men in one battle.
0:22:53 > 0:22:56- Last week, I asked you - to identify this artefact ...
0:22:56 > 0:23:00- ..from the stores at St Fagans - National History Museum.
0:23:01 > 0:23:02- It's a wig curler.
0:23:02 > 0:23:07- In the 18th century, it was - fashionable for women and men...
0:23:07 > 0:23:11- ..to wear elaborate wigs, - many made of horsehair.
0:23:13 > 0:23:18- The tool was heated, then used - to style curls on the wig.
0:23:18 > 0:23:21- I'm glad that fashion ended!
0:23:22 > 0:23:28- This week's artefact - is a harmless-looking stick.
0:23:28 > 0:23:34- But appearances can be deceptive, - because this stick has a trick!
0:23:35 > 0:23:37- Send your suggestions via Facebook.
0:23:38 > 0:23:40- I'll reveal the answer next week.
0:23:56 > 0:23:58- S4C Subtitles by Gwead
0:23:58 > 0:23:58- .