0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *
0:00:00 > 0:00:04- Adventurous Welsh people have - explored the world for centuries.
0:00:04 > 0:00:09- Many have chronicled their stories - in words, pictures and maps.
0:00:09 > 0:00:14- I'm researching their testimony - and following in their footsteps...
0:00:15 > 0:00:17- ..to the world's - most interesting places.
0:00:17 > 0:00:20- They explored remote areas...
0:00:20 > 0:00:24- ..not knowing - who or what they'd encounter.
0:00:24 > 0:00:28- This week, a colourful character. - A sailor and a poet.
0:00:28 > 0:00:32- He witnessed one of the world's - most dramatic events.
0:00:54 > 0:00:56- Here, on Primrose Hill in 1792...
0:00:57 > 0:01:00- ..Iolo Morgannwg - held his first Gorsedd.
0:01:00 > 0:01:04- Someone who wrote about the peculiar - gatherings was David Samwell.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07- He was a radical and a romanticist.
0:01:08 > 0:01:12- What else did he write about? One - of Captain Cook's greatest journeys.
0:01:12 > 0:01:14- David Samwell was a ship's doctor.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18- He was with the explorer - on his fateful voyage to Hawaii.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32- He's one of the great figures - in Welsh history.
0:01:33 > 0:01:39- He was a renaissance man, - he was a surgeon on Cook's ships.
0:01:39 > 0:01:44- He was quite an abrupt man, - he liked a drink.
0:01:44 > 0:01:47- Dafydd came from - the Vale of Clwyd...
0:01:47 > 0:01:50- ..but he's mostly associated - with London.
0:01:50 > 0:01:56- He moved at a young age to a city - that attracted many Welsh people.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- He spent his time in their company.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- He was a member of the - Cymmrodorion, Caradogion...
0:02:02 > 0:02:05- ..Cymreigyddion and Gwyneddigion.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08- Here, he met the most colourful - Welshman of all, Iolo Morgannwg.
0:02:09 > 0:02:12- There was a lot of drinking, - leg pulling...
0:02:13 > 0:02:17- ..singing lively and risque songs - and some serious discussion.
0:02:17 > 0:02:20- Thanks to - Dafydd Samwell's efforts...
0:02:20 > 0:02:24- ..the first volume of Dafydd - ap Gwilym's poetry was published.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27- Samwell went to sea - at the age of 20.
0:02:27 > 0:02:31- After that, four years was the - longest time he stayed on dry land.
0:02:31 > 0:02:34- He became a ship surgeon at sea...
0:02:35 > 0:02:38- ..and gained a new name - - Dafydd Ddu Feddyg.
0:02:41 > 0:02:46- London has changed dramatically - over the past 250 years...
0:02:46 > 0:02:50- ..but even today, in the shape - of these luxurious flats...
0:02:50 > 0:02:53- ..you can see the remains - of the old docks.
0:02:53 > 0:02:56- Dafydd Ddu Feddyg's journey - began here.
0:02:56 > 0:02:59- It was his great journey - and Captain's Cook's last.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- Captain Cook, a hero of his time.
0:03:04 > 0:03:08- An adventurer, a navy captain - and leader of three great voyages...
0:03:08 > 0:03:10- ..to search for new lands.
0:03:10 > 0:03:13- His first crew were the first - Europeans to visit Australia.
0:03:14 > 0:03:16- They sailed around New Zealand...
0:03:17 > 0:03:20- ..and drew the first detailed map - of the country.
0:03:20 > 0:03:23- It might be difficult - for us to believe now...
0:03:23 > 0:03:28- ..but Cook visited countries where a - white man had never visited before.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34- On his second voyage, - Cook reached Antarctica...
0:03:34 > 0:03:38- ..claiming South Georgia - for the British Empire.
0:03:38 > 0:03:42- On the third voyage, his aim - was to find a route for ships...
0:03:43 > 0:03:45- ..around the north end - of North America...
0:03:45 > 0:03:47- ..from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52- Cook set sail in July 1776.
0:03:52 > 0:03:54- His two ship surgeons were Welsh.
0:03:54 > 0:03:56- Robert Davies - on board the Discovery...
0:03:57 > 0:04:00- ..and David Samwell - on board the Resolution.
0:04:00 > 0:04:02- Samwell's name has lived on.
0:04:03 > 0:04:05- Keeping daily notes...
0:04:05 > 0:04:09- ..Dafydd Ddu Feddyg - gives us an insight into his life.
0:04:09 > 0:04:15- In the remote Kerguelen Islands - in the Indian Ocean, he writes...
0:04:16 > 0:04:19- On arrival, - the harbour was full of penguins.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23- Man's savage nature - is alien to these creatures.
0:04:23 > 0:04:27- When we landed, they refused - to move, so fearless were they.
0:04:27 > 0:04:31- Many were struck on their heads - by senseless sailors.
0:04:31 > 0:04:36- When we departed, they were - more timid and kept their distance.
0:04:38 > 0:04:40- In the Pacific Ocean, - Cook and his men...
0:04:41 > 0:04:44- ..revisited Tahiti - and were welcomed back.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48- Samwell chronicled - and joined in the merriment...
0:04:48 > 0:04:50- ..as the ships dropped anchor.
0:04:51 > 0:04:53- They were fed and entertained.
0:04:55 > 0:04:57- We spent a merry afternoon...
0:04:58 > 0:05:01- ..Tabbow having provided a company - of dancers to entertain us.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- We were so pleased with that - we stayed at his house all night.
0:05:06 > 0:05:10- He promised to procure a mistress - for each of us. We wanted no more.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- By then, - they'd been at sea for 18 months.
0:05:22 > 0:05:28- On January 18, 1778, Cook and his - crew visited another Pacific island.
0:05:28 > 0:05:32- Two days later, they saw more land - and a larger island.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38- This is the island of Kauai...
0:05:38 > 0:05:41- ..thousands of miles - from any mainland...
0:05:41 > 0:05:43- ..in the middle of the Pacific.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45- It's one of the Hawaiian islands.
0:05:45 > 0:05:48- It was the second island - Cook and his men saw...
0:05:49 > 0:05:50- ..and the first they visited.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53- They knew they'd discovered - new land.
0:05:54 > 0:05:59- This morning, we drew near the land - which we found to be a large island.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02- It appeared to us - to be a new discovery.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04- Was it inhabited or not?
0:06:05 > 0:06:09- Our doubts were cleared - by the appearance of several canoes.
0:06:13 > 0:06:19- They carried stones in their canoes - in case they needed to fight.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24- The meeting was friendly and - both sides exchanged food and goods.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28- On January 21, 1778, Captain Cook, - David Samwell and the crew...
0:06:29 > 0:06:31- ..set foot on the island.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- The history of Hawaii - changed forever.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42- It was the first contact between the - people of Hawaii and a white man.
0:06:43 > 0:06:46- Cook had landed on the remotest - islands in the world.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49- According to history books...
0:06:49 > 0:06:54- ..he discovered them and - called them the Sandwich Islands...
0:06:54 > 0:06:57- ..but people had lived here - for centuries.
0:06:58 > 0:07:02- Polynesian sailors had settled - on the islands a thousand years ago.
0:07:02 > 0:07:07- People from other islands - had sailed here in primitive boats.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15- Samwell wrote detailed descriptions - of the islands.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- He chronicled every aspect - of island life.
0:07:19 > 0:07:26- Social comments, such as the tribal - king's right to have many wives.
0:07:26 > 0:07:31- The natives painted tattoos on their - bodies and coloured their hair.
0:07:36 > 0:07:40- With many cultures, you can only - appreciate historical life...
0:07:40 > 0:07:43- ..in recreated sites such as this.
0:07:43 > 0:07:49- This gives us an idea of life on the - island when David Samwell visited.
0:07:49 > 0:07:54- This is the men's dining area - - only men were allowed to eat here.
0:07:54 > 0:07:56- Men were also the only cooks.
0:07:56 > 0:07:59- Only they were allowed to eat - certain foods.
0:07:59 > 0:08:05- Pork, types of red fish, types of - coconut and some types of bananas.
0:08:05 > 0:08:09- Those foods were meant - to give them power and strength.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14- He noticed the way women lived too.
0:08:15 > 0:08:20- They would lose their front teeth - when a chief or their husband died.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- They were not permitted - to touch plantain or pork.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28- They were not knowingly - permitted on the ship.
0:08:32 > 0:08:35- From the moment he reached - the South Pacific Ocean...
0:08:35 > 0:08:38- ..David Samwell noticed - all the coconut trees...
0:08:38 > 0:08:42- ..and came to appreciate them, - especially the milk.
0:08:45 > 0:08:47- The coconut is still appreciated.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51- An annual festival - is held to honour it.
0:08:52 > 0:08:56- It celebrates the food and drink - produced by the coconut.
0:09:01 > 0:09:06- Samwell stated that in this climate, - the coconut's milk...
0:09:06 > 0:09:10- ..was finer - than any alcoholic drink imaginable.
0:09:10 > 0:09:13- For David Samwell, - that was some statement.
0:09:13 > 0:09:18- Dafydd Ddu would certainly - have recognised this man's feats.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21- He's here in Kauai - to perform in the festival.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28- Dafydd wrote of similar men - more than 200 years ago.
0:09:30 > 0:09:34- Dafydd would have enjoyed - the merriment of this festival.
0:09:51 > 0:09:54- There is a high bluff, - the most beautiful I ever saw...
0:09:54 > 0:09:57- ..which, falling down - from a considerable height...
0:09:57 > 0:10:00- ..has a very pleasing - and grand effect.
0:10:00 > 0:10:02- The woods are filled with birds...
0:10:02 > 0:10:05- ..of a most beautiful plumage - and some of a very sweet note.
0:10:08 > 0:10:12- Here, on the island's - largest town, Kapa'a...
0:10:13 > 0:10:15- ..Saturday night is party night.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18- This is where surfers - enjoy dining out.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22- Some haven't left - since they arrived in the '60s.
0:10:34 > 0:10:37- Soon after arriving - on the Hawaiian Islands...
0:10:38 > 0:10:41- ..the next great challenge - has become apparent.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44- Following in Samwell's footsteps - is one thing...
0:10:44 > 0:10:49- ..but amongst all the American, - Chinese, Japanese and Koreans...
0:10:50 > 0:10:53- ..the biggest task is finding - the true native culture...
0:10:54 > 0:10:57- ..and sampling what was here - before Samwell arrived.
0:10:57 > 0:10:58- .
0:11:01 > 0:11:01- Subtitles
0:11:01 > 0:11:03- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:11:10 > 0:11:15- During his first visit, Samwell - and Cook were only on Kauai...
0:11:15 > 0:11:17- ..for a short period of time.
0:11:17 > 0:11:19- They sailed up - the North American coast...
0:11:20 > 0:11:23- ..to search for a route around the - top of Canada and back to Europe.
0:11:26 > 0:11:29- I'm doing the exact same thing.
0:11:30 > 0:11:33- In Samwell's day, - world trade happened on ships.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37- Tea was transported - from China to Britain.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40- Ships sailed - halfway around the world...
0:11:40 > 0:11:44- ..down and around South America - and around the Horn.
0:11:44 > 0:11:49- Some believed a path existed - across the top of North America...
0:11:49 > 0:11:52- ..but no-one had managed - to discover it.
0:11:52 > 0:11:56- The British government - offered a reward - 20,000...
0:11:57 > 0:11:59- ..to whoever could find - this fabled passage.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02- Cook, like many others, - searched diligently...
0:12:03 > 0:12:06- ..not just for the money - but for the fame too.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10- David Samwell would have seen - views such as this...
0:12:11 > 0:12:14- ..after leaving Hawaii - for the first time.
0:12:14 > 0:12:19- The two ships set sail - for the north-west American coast...
0:12:19 > 0:12:22- ..to search for the passage - around North America.
0:12:23 > 0:12:27- They landed in Vancouver - and named one place Nootka Sound.
0:12:27 > 0:12:31- They moved on to Alaska - and discovered new tribes.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33- Samwell chronicled every event.
0:12:38 > 0:12:42- We were surrounded by - a number of canoes full of people...
0:12:42 > 0:12:45- ..who brought fur of the sea beaver - and bear skins to sell.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48- Having been so lavish - of our spike nails and hatchets...
0:12:49 > 0:12:51- ..among girls - of the South Sea Islands...
0:12:51 > 0:12:54- ..we had but few of these articles - left to purchase them with.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04- The ships were small - but had a crew of 70 on each.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08- There were sheep, rabbits and pigs - to provide fresh meat.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- Furthermore, horses and cattle - for natives to rear - bedlam!
0:13:16 > 0:13:19- Samwell chronicled - life on the ships and the islands...
0:13:19 > 0:13:22- ..but had little to say - about his medical work.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26- Like every other ship's doctor, - he learnt on the job.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29- There was no five-year - university course.
0:13:29 > 0:13:34- The navy had specialist exams - for doctors which Samwell passed.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43- The nature of the work - wasn't to everyone's taste.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45- It truly was hard work.
0:13:45 > 0:13:47- As a successful surgeon...
0:13:47 > 0:13:51- ..I don't think you would - have chosen to work at sea.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53- Conditions were poor.
0:13:54 > 0:13:58- The ship would have been - very primitive...
0:13:58 > 0:14:02- ..in terms of hygiene and sewage...
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- ..and also the nature of the work.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08- You would remove people's limbs.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12- There'd be no hope - to save a person's limb.
0:14:17 > 0:14:21- Records state that Samwell - had a strong and fierce appearance.
0:14:22 > 0:14:24- He was both friendly - and argumentative...
0:14:25 > 0:14:30- ..especially in eisteddfodau - when competition and alcohol mixed.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33- He was once unhappy - when the crown wasn't awarded...
0:14:34 > 0:14:37- ..to one of Samwell's favourites, - Twm o'r Nant.
0:14:37 > 0:14:42- Dafydd Ddu challenged - the adjudicator to a sword fight.
0:14:42 > 0:14:46- They possessed an ideology - that would be perfectly embodied...
0:14:46 > 0:14:49- ..in the character - of Iolo Morgannwg.
0:14:49 > 0:14:57- They would also drink and - take laudanum, a tincture of opium.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00- They lived colourful lives - on the whole.
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- When Iolo Morgannwg - needed some laudanum...
0:15:04 > 0:15:06- ..Dafydd Ddu Feddyg was handy!
0:15:08 > 0:15:13- If it helped awaken Iolo's muse, - Dafydd Ddu Feddyg was also a poet.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16- I have loved in many lands
0:15:16 > 0:15:19- To the South Pacific Islands
0:15:19 > 0:15:21- But I never once saw
0:15:21 > 0:15:24- An island such as Tangataboo.
0:15:30 > 0:15:35- Modern boats have engines, - equipment, electronic devices...
0:15:35 > 0:15:37- ..and even maps.
0:15:37 > 0:15:42- It's hard to imagine sailing - a large wooden sail boat...
0:15:42 > 0:15:45- ..into seas such as this - for the first time ever...
0:15:45 > 0:15:50- ..without an indication of the - water's depth or presence of rocks.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53- They didn't even know - where they were.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- Cook's feats were incredible...
0:15:56 > 0:16:01- ..but that was nothing compared to - the feats of the Hawaiian sailors.
0:16:01 > 0:16:04- They could sail across - thousands of miles...
0:16:04 > 0:16:09- ..in double canoes - with nothing to guide them...
0:16:09 > 0:16:13- ..apart from knowledge, - experience and the stars.
0:16:20 > 0:16:23- After sailing all the way - up to the Arctic...
0:16:23 > 0:16:27- ..Cook and his crew realised - the northwest passage didn't exist.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- They headed back to Hawaii. - That's my next port of call.
0:16:32 > 0:16:36- Ten months after visiting Kauai...
0:16:36 > 0:16:40- ..Cook returned - and visited Hawaii itself.
0:16:40 > 0:16:43- He sailed around it for many days.
0:16:45 > 0:16:48- Dafydd Ddu Feddyg - saw this part of the island.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51- He describes the ships - sailing close to the coast.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54- They sailed around that corner.
0:16:54 > 0:16:59- It was one of the most beautiful - and fertile places they'd seen...
0:16:59 > 0:17:02- ..verdant and covered - in coconut trees.
0:17:02 > 0:17:05- When they reached here, - all they saw were lava rocks.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08- At the time, - they were completely bare.
0:17:09 > 0:17:14- This part of the island - is mountainous and bare of trees...
0:17:14 > 0:17:19- ..with patches covered with lava - extending from the hills to the sea.
0:17:19 > 0:17:24- Today, the lava rocks - are covered in ironwood trees.
0:17:27 > 0:17:30- Food shortage was a problem - on the ships.
0:17:30 > 0:17:35- Samwell wrote in his letters about - being on rations on Cook's ship.
0:17:37 > 0:17:39- As they sailed around the island...
0:17:40 > 0:17:43- ..they welcomed the natives - in their canoes.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47- They exchanged food for iron nails - - something that was new to them.
0:17:47 > 0:17:52- Fresh food for the sailors, nails - for fishing hooks for the islanders.
0:17:54 > 0:17:58- They stayed in Kealakekua Bay - for essential maintenance work.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02- The sailors stayed on land - for many days.
0:18:03 > 0:18:07- This is a market in Hilo, - the island's largest town.
0:18:07 > 0:18:11- It's a small market - compared to other days.
0:18:12 > 0:18:16- I'm used to food shopping but never - with a shopping list like this.
0:18:17 > 0:18:19- Ulu and taro - local vegetables.
0:18:19 > 0:18:22- There is a purpose - to this shopping...
0:18:22 > 0:18:25- ..and I've never shopped - for this purpose before.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28- It'll be an interesting experience.
0:18:34 > 0:18:37- Hello. Hi.
0:18:37 > 0:18:42- I have a task - and buying - taro and ulu is the first step.
0:18:42 > 0:18:46- There are many more steps - before I complete the task.
0:18:50 > 0:18:53- Puna lies 30 miles south of Hilo.
0:18:54 > 0:18:58- It stretches from the sea - to the summit of Kilauea volcano.
0:18:58 > 0:19:04- There you'll find fields I'd never - heard of before - lava fields...
0:19:04 > 0:19:07- ..similar to ones Samwell described.
0:19:10 > 0:19:15- For once, I can state that not - many people have seen this before.
0:19:15 > 0:19:22- This lava flowed down - from that volcano only 20 years ago.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24- It covered all this land.
0:19:25 > 0:19:29- It devoured a small fishing village - which included 182 homes.
0:19:29 > 0:19:32- Luckily, there were no fatalities.
0:19:33 > 0:19:35- People have started - to rebuild homes.
0:19:35 > 0:19:38- They're taking back the land. - Nature has also returned.
0:19:39 > 0:19:43- Native plants - have taken root once again.
0:19:47 > 0:19:53- Amongst the first of the plants - every time, fern known as kupukupu.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56- It's an important plant - for Hawaiians...
0:19:56 > 0:20:00- ..because of its ability - to grow on new lava.
0:20:00 > 0:20:04- The lava field reminds us - of nature's power...
0:20:04 > 0:20:09- ..or, according to local legend, the - power of Pele, the volcano Goddess.
0:20:10 > 0:20:14- The latest eruption has created - 50 square miles of new land...
0:20:15 > 0:20:18- ..about half the size - of the Lleyn peninsula.
0:20:18 > 0:20:22- Since Samwell's days, - the lava has flowed over 50 times.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25- It's changed the island's shape.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29- This is one of the world's - youngest countries.
0:20:29 > 0:20:32- This island is continually growing.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35- As I stand here, - facing millions of miles of sea...
0:20:35 > 0:20:39- ..I gain the experience - of land growing under my feet.
0:20:39 > 0:20:44- The island has seen further changes - since Samwell and Cook's visit...
0:20:44 > 0:20:48- ..politically and socially, - such as depopulation.
0:20:48 > 0:20:51- The population of rural areas - decreased...
0:20:51 > 0:20:54- ..when Hawaii joined - the American Union.
0:20:54 > 0:20:58- Major industries, such as sugar cane - plantations, came to an end.
0:20:58 > 0:21:00- Beyond the tourist attractions...
0:21:01 > 0:21:05- ..Hawaiian villages and towns - are quiet and empty.
0:21:05 > 0:21:09- I've carried these foods - across half the island.
0:21:09 > 0:21:11- The coconut has been peeled.
0:21:12 > 0:21:15- Sweet potatoes, - we're familiar with them.
0:21:15 > 0:21:19- The taro is an important vegetable - in Hawaii.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23- They crush it - and add water to make poi.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26- Finally this - ulu or breadfruit.
0:21:27 > 0:21:30- This is used in many different ways.
0:21:30 > 0:21:35- I've sourced them and bought them - but now there's a problem.
0:21:35 > 0:21:39- I don't intend to eat them - but they must be cooked.
0:21:40 > 0:21:45- The only way to do that - is to ask these people politely...
0:21:45 > 0:21:48- ..if I can cook some of them - in their kitchen.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54- Whilst their cooked, - for an hour or two...
0:21:54 > 0:21:59- ..I'm visiting golden beaches - rather than black beaches.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09- David Samwell - was one of the first...
0:22:09 > 0:22:12- ..if not the first, - to describe surfing.
0:22:12 > 0:22:14- It was invented by Hawaiians.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18- He was walking along a beach - one morning...
0:22:18 > 0:22:22- ..and he saw a group of youngsters, - male and female...
0:22:22 > 0:22:24- ..some as young as nine years old.
0:22:24 > 0:22:27- They ventured out - on a thin piece of wood...
0:22:28 > 0:22:31- ..waited for a huge wave, - jumped on the wood...
0:22:31 > 0:22:34- ..and 'flew' back towards the beach.
0:22:34 > 0:22:37- David Samwell feared - for their safety.
0:22:37 > 0:22:40- Each time, - they rose from the waves, laughing.
0:22:40 > 0:22:45- They challenged waves which would - have frightened the hardiest sailor.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48- The lesson - - you can conquer any difficulty...
0:22:49 > 0:22:51- ..using skill and perseverance.
0:22:52 > 0:22:57- Kings surfed in Hawaii - - it was known as the sport of kings.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00- Samwell also mentions the taboos...
0:23:00 > 0:23:05- ..strict rules he'd seen in places - across the Pacific Ocean.
0:23:05 > 0:23:09- In Hawaii, taboo rules stated - what people could eat...
0:23:10 > 0:23:14- ..how to forecast the weather, - how to make surfboards...
0:23:14 > 0:23:19- ..where to find good surf or how to - appeal to the gods for better surf.
0:23:19 > 0:23:22- There was a strict social order.
0:23:22 > 0:23:26- Parts of the beach were for common - people to surf on 12-foot boards.
0:23:27 > 0:23:30- Other parts were for tribal kings - to surf on boards twice the size.
0:23:31 > 0:23:34- Back in the kitchen, - the vegetables are ready.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36- I'm ready to complete the task.
0:23:36 > 0:23:36- .
0:23:43 > 0:23:43- Subtitles
0:23:43 > 0:23:45- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:23:50 > 0:23:54- Following David Samwell and - Captain Cook's journey in Hawaii...
0:23:54 > 0:23:56- ..is a voyage between two worlds.
0:23:56 > 0:24:00- Today's islands, part of the USA - where natives are in a minority...
0:24:00 > 0:24:03- ..and the old islands - untouched by the white man.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07- This is Kealakekua Bay.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11- This was the location of the - last chapter in James Cook's life...
0:24:11 > 0:24:15- ..and the most famous chapter - in Dafydd Ddu Feddyg's journal.
0:24:15 > 0:24:19- I'm in the shadow of Hikiau Heiau - - the Hikiau temple.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22- I've been advised - by one of Hawaii's elders...
0:24:23 > 0:24:28- ..to offer a sacrifice as a gesture - of respect for the land's sanctity.
0:24:28 > 0:24:33- That's why I needed the vegetables - and that's why I had to cook them.
0:24:33 > 0:24:36- That is how they should be - presented to the sea.
0:24:40 > 0:24:45- The Discovery and the Resolution - entered the bay during a festival.
0:24:45 > 0:24:49- It was the festival of Lono, - the harvest god.
0:24:49 > 0:24:55- Islanders presented their produce - to him and celebrated his existence.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58- It was an important time.
0:24:58 > 0:25:02- According to legend, the Hawaiians - believed Cook to be a god...
0:25:02 > 0:25:05- ..since he reached the bay - during the festival.
0:25:05 > 0:25:10- The islanders welcomed him. - The sailors celebrated with them.
0:25:13 > 0:25:18- The hogs were placed on leaves - with two platters of sweet potatoes.
0:25:18 > 0:25:23- Parea himself stood carver - and as a mark of politeness...
0:25:23 > 0:25:27- ..he put a piece of meat - into his mouth and sucked it.
0:25:27 > 0:25:31- He offered to feed us with it, - but we chose to help ourselves...
0:25:31 > 0:25:35- ..rather than put him - to that trouble.
0:25:40 > 0:25:45- David Samwell - took a great interest in food.
0:25:45 > 0:25:49- He writes about - the new vegetables and fruit he saw.
0:25:49 > 0:25:52- He had a detailed description - of how Hawaiians...
0:25:52 > 0:25:54- ..killed and roasted a pig.
0:25:54 > 0:25:58- I won't go into too much detail - about the killing.
0:25:58 > 0:26:01- In terms of roasting, the pig - was placed in an underground oven...
0:26:02 > 0:26:03- ..on hot stones.
0:26:03 > 0:26:05- Leaves were placed over it.
0:26:06 > 0:26:11- The pig was roasted and steamed - in the ground and cooked perfectly.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14- Pork is still an important meal - in Hawaii...
0:26:14 > 0:26:18- ..but its food is now a reflection - of the place.
0:26:18 > 0:26:23- There are influences from all over, - especially the Pacific Islands.
0:26:23 > 0:26:27- Influences from every country - and a mixture of them all.
0:26:29 > 0:26:33- More canoes were seen today - than at any time during the voyage.
0:26:34 > 0:26:39- 150 large sailing boats - were counted with 30-40 men on each.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42- We estimate there being - no less than 1,000 canoes...
0:26:43 > 0:26:45- ..and therefore, 10,000 Indians.
0:26:45 > 0:26:48- We couldn't move - because of their numbers.
0:26:50 > 0:26:54- The first time James Cook - and his ships visited this bay...
0:26:54 > 0:26:56- ..all was well.
0:26:56 > 0:26:59- Captain Cook had participated - in a ceremony...
0:26:59 > 0:27:02- ..with tribal kings and ministers.
0:27:02 > 0:27:06- This plaque suggests that James Cook - held a Christian service...
0:27:06 > 0:27:09- ..at the funeral - of one of his sailors...
0:27:10 > 0:27:12- ..in this temple.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15- Dafydd Ddu Feddyg - has a different story.
0:27:15 > 0:27:17- His date is different.
0:27:17 > 0:27:21- He claims that James Cook - read the lesson...
0:27:21 > 0:27:24- ..but it was a ceremony - for the gods of Hawaii.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34- Taking part in a ceremony to - Hawaiian gods is very significant.
0:27:35 > 0:27:39- It shows that Cook was open-minded - and wanted to please the natives.
0:27:40 > 0:27:44- Samwell writes about the natives' - eagerness to please them too...
0:27:44 > 0:27:47- ..by throwing themselves - at Cook's feet.
0:27:47 > 0:27:49- The four Hawaiian gods...
0:27:50 > 0:27:53- ..had important roles to play - in the islanders' lives.
0:27:53 > 0:27:58- A sacrifice or prayer would happen - in a heiau, a Hawaiian temple.
0:27:58 > 0:28:00- It was a sanctuary for prayer.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10- David Samwell has a detailed - description of this place.
0:28:10 > 0:28:14- An important building - in an important location.
0:28:14 > 0:28:17- Hawaiian tribal kings - were buried in this temple.
0:28:17 > 0:28:20- Some of the major ceremonies - were held here.
0:28:20 > 0:28:23- The descriptions are very accurate.
0:28:23 > 0:28:27- A vast rectangular shape - made of lava stones.
0:28:27 > 0:28:31- It appeared to be higher - in the days of David Samwell.
0:28:31 > 0:28:36- There was also an altar and statues - which looked frightening.
0:28:36 > 0:28:40- Finally, 20 poles with 20 skulls - on top of each.
0:28:41 > 0:28:44- It was a sign that this - was a sacrificial place.
0:28:44 > 0:28:47- When a king died, - people from a lowly status...
0:28:47 > 0:28:51- ..without a god's strength, - were also sacrificed.
0:28:52 > 0:28:57- Samwell doesn't criticise - - he merely chronicles what he saw...
0:28:57 > 0:28:59- ..in a traditional ceremony.
0:29:04 > 0:29:07- But the presence of Samwell - and Cook's crew...
0:29:07 > 0:29:11- ..would herald a lasting change - in the island's culture.
0:29:14 > 0:29:19- Traces of Cook and the first white - settlers can be seen in many places.
0:29:19 > 0:29:23- Not only in terms of culture - but in the animals and plants.
0:29:23 > 0:29:27- They took exotic plants away - and brought some with them.
0:29:27 > 0:29:30- It is said that Cook - was responsible...
0:29:30 > 0:29:33- ..for introducing these - giant pine trees to the islands.
0:29:34 > 0:29:39- The wood would be perfect for - fixing the masts of passing ships.
0:29:39 > 0:29:43- Ever since then, these islands - have been a stop-off for ships.
0:29:43 > 0:29:46- Ships of the skin trade initially.
0:29:46 > 0:29:48- Later, whale-hunting ships...
0:29:48 > 0:29:51- ..and during our time, - think of Pearl Harbour, warships.
0:29:54 > 0:29:59- The Japanese air force attacked - American warships without warning...
0:29:59 > 0:30:01- ..in Pearl Harbour in 1941.
0:30:02 > 0:30:05- It triggered America's participation - in WWII.
0:30:11 > 0:30:16- Cook's ships had carried an entire - farm of animals to the islands.
0:30:16 > 0:30:22- The Resolution carried as many - cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits...
0:30:23 > 0:30:27- ..turkeys, geese, ducks - as it could carry.
0:30:27 > 0:30:31- They were all destined - for the South Sea Islands.
0:30:31 > 0:30:35- Cook's animals were gifts - to the islands' leaders...
0:30:35 > 0:30:38- ..and an example - of careful planning.
0:30:38 > 0:30:43- They would provide familiar food - for white sailors in the future.
0:30:46 > 0:30:53- We know that Captain Cook brought - goats and plants to this island.
0:30:53 > 0:30:58- Within a few years, Europeans had - brought all kinds of other animals.
0:30:58 > 0:31:01- They also brought more plants - and seeds.
0:31:01 > 0:31:05- The intention - was to improve people's lives...
0:31:05 > 0:31:09- ..but in a new world - and habitat, often...
0:31:09 > 0:31:15- ..some of the white man's plants - and creatures became a nuisance.
0:31:16 > 0:31:20- The white man was everywhere.
0:31:20 > 0:31:23- I wanted to know what was here - before their arrival.
0:31:24 > 0:31:26- I met a crew of native mothers - and children...
0:31:27 > 0:31:29- ..who were born and raised - in Hawaii.
0:31:29 > 0:31:32- Their stories echo the stories - of Welsh people.
0:31:32 > 0:31:36- Generations of children - receiving English education...
0:31:36 > 0:31:40- ..at the expense - of the native language.
0:31:40 > 0:31:44- The Hawaiian language - became the language of the home.
0:31:47 > 0:31:52- What we did was sang, prayed - and scolded in Hawaiian.
0:31:52 > 0:31:55- Scolded as well!
0:31:56 > 0:32:00- The English education has made - their native language feel inferior.
0:32:01 > 0:32:03- As islanders, - they also feel inferior.
0:32:04 > 0:32:06- Brainwashing was her word.
0:32:11 > 0:32:13- Kanani was more positive - than her friends.
0:32:14 > 0:32:18- She was brought up surrounded - by family from all over the world...
0:32:18 > 0:32:22- ..but in college, she realised - that generations had suffered.
0:32:22 > 0:32:25- She learnt the language - and passed it on to her children.
0:32:26 > 0:32:31- Speaking the Hawaiian language - gives me confidence.
0:32:31 > 0:32:34- It makes me feel - like a true Hawaiian.
0:32:34 > 0:32:38- I'm passing my Hawaiian voice - on to my children.
0:32:44 > 0:32:47- Today, native schools - have been established in Hawaii.
0:32:47 > 0:32:51- The children are immersed - in the language and the culture.
0:32:52 > 0:32:57- It's a more rounded education, - subjects are taught in context.
0:32:57 > 0:33:01- History, landscape, environment and - values - not as individual subjects.
0:33:02 > 0:33:06- Our forefathers came here - and made their home here.
0:33:06 > 0:33:11- They called the island Hawaii. - They created the Hawaiian language.
0:33:11 > 0:33:15- I have a responsibility - to learn, speak and maintain...
0:33:16 > 0:33:20- ..not only the language - but our forefathers' way of life.
0:33:20 > 0:33:24- I also have a responsibility - to teach my children the language.
0:33:24 > 0:33:28- I don't want - to only speak the language...
0:33:28 > 0:33:30- ..I want to live the language.
0:33:34 > 0:33:36- Our forefathers - were incredible people.
0:33:37 > 0:33:40- They crossed the world's greatest - ocean to reach these islands.
0:33:41 > 0:33:42- They were the best farmers...
0:33:43 > 0:33:45- ..they lived in harmony - with the environment.
0:33:46 > 0:33:50- We try to present that in our - education, our forefathers' history.
0:33:50 > 0:33:54- We respect what they did and - we're trying to grow as a nation.
0:33:54 > 0:33:58- We must relearn our history - - our family lineage...
0:33:58 > 0:34:01- ..and reconnect with the land.
0:34:01 > 0:34:04- Learn the Hawaiian way - of looking at the world...
0:34:04 > 0:34:09- ..and return to a time when - we succeeded, before the brainwash.
0:34:12 > 0:34:16- Something has irritated me - since I arrived in Hawaii.
0:34:17 > 0:34:20- I thought I knew what it was - - now I'm sure of it.
0:34:20 > 0:34:24- Two such different cultures - have met in one place.
0:34:24 > 0:34:27- Two very different ways - of looking at the world.
0:34:28 > 0:34:32- It appears on the surface that the - American culture is in control...
0:34:33 > 0:34:36- ..but the culture - of the original natives...
0:34:36 > 0:34:39- ..is at one - with the spirit of the island.
0:34:40 > 0:34:40- .
0:34:44 > 0:34:44- Subtitles
0:34:44 > 0:34:46- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:34:47 > 0:34:52- I had finally found living evidence - of Hawaii's original culture.
0:34:53 > 0:34:58- That culture began to change - as soon as Cook and Samwell landed.
0:34:58 > 0:35:01- But it wasn't - the only worrying change...
0:35:01 > 0:35:03- ..at the hands of the white man.
0:35:05 > 0:35:10- One thing has bothered me - more than anything else - sex.
0:35:10 > 0:35:13- David Samwell's journals - is full of it.
0:35:13 > 0:35:17- Across the South Sea Islands, - but especially in Hawaii...
0:35:17 > 0:35:19- ..he describes - the beauty of the girls.
0:35:20 > 0:35:22- They were more than ready - to visit the ships...
0:35:23 > 0:35:26- ..and have sex with the sailors, - sometimes only for nails.
0:35:26 > 0:35:31- Some stay on board for days while - we cruise off and on the island.
0:35:32 > 0:35:34- These people are so eager - for our iron...
0:35:35 > 0:35:37- ..that they pick nails - out of the ship's bottom.
0:35:38 > 0:35:41- Our men pull as many as they can - on the inside to give to the girls.
0:35:42 > 0:35:46- We must keep a strict eye on them - in case the ship is pulled apart.
0:35:47 > 0:35:51- Men would be more than eager - to meet them and have sex.
0:35:51 > 0:35:57- During this time, there was no iron - on many of the Pacific Islands.
0:35:59 > 0:36:03- As a result, many girls showed - their generosity for just one nail.
0:36:05 > 0:36:10- The cabins of Samwell - and many of the sailors...
0:36:11 > 0:36:14- ..were devoid of screws and nails.
0:36:14 > 0:36:17- When they travelled home, - they slept on the floors.
0:36:17 > 0:36:20- There were no screws - to fasten the beds together.
0:36:21 > 0:36:25- What we don't know is their - attitude towards the situation.
0:36:25 > 0:36:29- To understand what happened, - three worlds collide.
0:36:29 > 0:36:32- The attitudes - of David Samwell's age...
0:36:32 > 0:36:36- ..Hawaiian culture - and our moral standpoint today.
0:36:36 > 0:36:40- Fair play to David Samwell, - he wasn't a hypocrite.
0:36:40 > 0:36:45- He openly expresses his satisfaction - but there is a serious side.
0:36:45 > 0:36:47- First, those attitudes - are characteristic...
0:36:48 > 0:36:50- ..of these conquerors' attitudes - to native women.
0:36:51 > 0:36:55- They also created the superficial - image of Hawaiian women...
0:36:55 > 0:36:57- ..that still exists today.
0:36:59 > 0:37:01- This is meant to be a joke...
0:37:01 > 0:37:06- ..but their attitude to Hawaiian - women wasn't the only problem.
0:37:06 > 0:37:08- Cook's sailors were the first...
0:37:09 > 0:37:12- ..to introduce venereal diseases - to the islands.
0:37:12 > 0:37:14- The effect was devastating.
0:37:14 > 0:37:16- It was a white man's disease...
0:37:16 > 0:37:20- ..a disease that almost - destroyed the Hawaiian nation.
0:37:21 > 0:37:24- A million people lived here - when Cook arrived.
0:37:24 > 0:37:27- Within a century, - only 40,000 remained.
0:37:27 > 0:37:33- Many sailors on the ships had - venereal diseases such as syphilis.
0:37:34 > 0:37:37- It was carried by the sailors - to the islands.
0:37:37 > 0:37:41- Samwell denies - that they were at fault.
0:37:41 > 0:37:45- David Samwell's attitude - towards these diseases is strange...
0:37:45 > 0:37:50- ..possibly because he understood - the seriousness of the accusation.
0:37:50 > 0:37:54- He writes a chapter - denying the sailors' involvement.
0:37:54 > 0:37:56- He claims there's another reason.
0:37:56 > 0:37:59- How else - could it have been introduced?
0:37:59 > 0:38:04- A few years earlier, these diseases - weren't a problem there.
0:38:10 > 0:38:12- Back to the voyage itself.
0:38:13 > 0:38:17- After fixing the ships - and stocking up with supplies...
0:38:17 > 0:38:21- ..the anchors were raised - and they sailed away.
0:38:22 > 0:38:27- Within days, they returned. One - of the masts had snapped in a storm.
0:38:27 > 0:38:30- This time, - there was less of a welcome.
0:38:30 > 0:38:32- The Lono festival had ended...
0:38:32 > 0:38:36- ..and Cook wasn't accorded - the same respect as before.
0:38:36 > 0:38:39- The natives started to steal - from the ship.
0:38:41 > 0:38:44- On that fateful day, - February 14, 1779...
0:38:44 > 0:38:49- ..both ships, the Resolution - and the smaller Discovery...
0:38:49 > 0:38:53- ..were anchored - some way out in the bay.
0:38:53 > 0:38:59- David Samwell was on the Discovery - so he didn't witness the events.
0:38:59 > 0:39:03- He gathered evidence, - talking to dozens of sailors...
0:39:04 > 0:39:06- ..to determine what happened.
0:39:06 > 0:39:08- What happened over there.
0:39:10 > 0:39:16- On that day, some of the natives - stole one of the Resolution's boats.
0:39:16 > 0:39:19- Captain Cook went ashore - to retrieve the boat.
0:39:20 > 0:39:27- The tactic was to try and entice the - tribe's king on to the Resolution.
0:39:27 > 0:39:30- They would try and keep him - captive on the ship...
0:39:30 > 0:39:32- ..until they retrieved the boat.
0:39:33 > 0:39:37- The tactic had worked earlier - in the voyage in Tahiti.
0:39:37 > 0:39:39- This time, it didn't.
0:39:42 > 0:39:46- For a while, the tactic succeeded.
0:39:46 > 0:39:49- He led the king by his hand - to the water's edge.
0:39:49 > 0:39:53- The king appeared more than happy - to board the Resolution.
0:39:53 > 0:39:57- By then, others on the island - had their suspicions.
0:39:57 > 0:39:59- They prevented him.
0:39:59 > 0:40:03- Some of the Hawaiians had armed - themselves ready for battle.
0:40:04 > 0:40:06- Hundreds of them - gathered on the beach.
0:40:07 > 0:40:10- Things came to a head - when it became apparent...
0:40:11 > 0:40:13- ..that some wanted to attack Cook.
0:40:16 > 0:40:18- Soon, confusion reigned.
0:40:18 > 0:40:22- One of the natives appeared - to try and strike Cook.
0:40:22 > 0:40:25- Captain Cook fired his gun - and killed the wrong man.
0:40:25 > 0:40:29- He ordered his sergeant - to shoot the correct man.
0:40:29 > 0:40:33- Captain Cook's men - started firing from their boats.
0:40:35 > 0:40:39- It becomes unclear whether Cook - ordered them to stop shooting...
0:40:40 > 0:40:43- ..or called both boats - closer to the shore.
0:40:43 > 0:40:47- One approached while the other - headed in the other direction.
0:40:47 > 0:40:52- Cook's soldiers dropped their arms - and rushed to the remaining boat.
0:40:53 > 0:40:56- Total chaos - - Cook was left alone on the shore.
0:41:01 > 0:41:03- In a somewhat significant move...
0:41:03 > 0:41:07- ..two young chiefs - were responsible for killing Cook.
0:41:07 > 0:41:11- Cook was also trying to reach - the remaining boat.
0:41:11 > 0:41:14- He had one hand defending - the back of his head...
0:41:14 > 0:41:16- ..the other held his gun.
0:41:17 > 0:41:20- One chief struck him on his head - with a club.
0:41:20 > 0:41:24- As he fell, - another one stabbed him in his neck.
0:41:25 > 0:41:27- The initial blow - had stunned Captain Cook.
0:41:28 > 0:41:30- He fell into knee-high water.
0:41:30 > 0:41:34- Some gathered around him - to try and hold him down.
0:41:34 > 0:41:37- That was the last time - we saw him alive.
0:41:39 > 0:41:41- Captain Cook was dead.
0:41:41 > 0:41:45- His body was dragged ashore - and placed on a rock.
0:41:45 > 0:41:48- The sailors on the Discovery - and Resolution...
0:41:48 > 0:41:51- ..witnessed him being struck - time and time again.
0:41:52 > 0:41:54- He was dragged onto the rocks.
0:41:54 > 0:42:01- They seemed to gain a savage - pleasure from abusing his corpse.
0:42:03 > 0:42:07- It is not known - what happened to Cook's body.
0:42:07 > 0:42:11- According to some stories, - the natives treated his body...
0:42:11 > 0:42:14- ..like they would a native king's.
0:42:14 > 0:42:17- They removed the flesh, - kept the important bones...
0:42:18 > 0:42:21- ..and placed them - in the lava holes in the rock.
0:42:21 > 0:42:24- For the British, - this sounded barbaric.
0:42:24 > 0:42:29- They appealed and some of the bones - were returned to Britain.
0:42:29 > 0:42:34- This was another indication - of the clash between two cultures.
0:42:34 > 0:42:37- This clash had been fatal.
0:42:38 > 0:42:41- This is what Samwell - wrote about Cook.
0:42:41 > 0:42:44- He was loved by his people.
0:42:45 > 0:42:49- They looked upon him as a father - and obeyed him without question.
0:42:49 > 0:42:52- Their admiration of his talent - was endless...
0:42:52 > 0:42:56- ..and their respect for his virtues - was loving and sincere.
0:42:59 > 0:43:01- The voyage had been a failure.
0:43:01 > 0:43:06- Cook was dead and they had failed - to find the northwest passage.
0:43:06 > 0:43:08- Two things stand out.
0:43:08 > 0:43:11- The lively journal of a Welshman...
0:43:11 > 0:43:15- ..and the destructive consequences - for the Hawaiian population.
0:43:19 > 0:43:23- The Discovery returned to England - without its captain.
0:43:23 > 0:43:28- Samwell remained a navy ship's - surgeon for another 17 years.
0:43:28 > 0:43:32- His report on Captain Cook's death - made his famous.
0:43:33 > 0:43:36- He had never intended - to publish his journal.
0:43:36 > 0:43:39- He was worried - about the navy's response...
0:43:39 > 0:43:44- ..but no-one had written about the - South Sea Islands as vividly as him.
0:43:49 > 0:43:54- In time, European and American - settlers landed on Hawaii.
0:43:55 > 0:43:58- They were followed - by Christian missionaries...
0:43:58 > 0:44:01- ..skin traders, - cattle farmers and businessmen...
0:44:02 > 0:44:05- ..from Europe, Asian, - America and Korea.
0:44:05 > 0:44:08- Natives lost their land, - language and traditions.
0:44:09 > 0:44:15- Only one of ever 200 inhabitants is - descended from the original natives.
0:44:15 > 0:44:18- Some still fight - to retain the old way of life.
0:44:19 > 0:44:23- When you make a lei, - it's always for an occasion.
0:44:24 > 0:44:26- It's a symbol of love.
0:44:26 > 0:44:33- I'm making this one out of fern, - the first plant to grow on the lava.
0:44:33 > 0:44:35- It's a symbol of native Hawaiians.
0:44:55 > 0:45:00- We often dance the hula for - a celebration and to honour people.
0:45:00 > 0:45:05- Some hulas are more religious - with stricter rules.
0:45:05 > 0:45:09- You can only perform them - in a heiau, or a religious place.
0:45:15 > 0:45:20- It can be a Christian place. My - grandmother is a Christian minister.
0:45:20 > 0:45:23- She raised us to honour - our native heritage.
0:45:24 > 0:45:28- We worship Jesus - through Hawaiian traditions.
0:45:32 > 0:45:38- Pi'ilani talks of how Westerners - changed the traditional hula.
0:45:38 > 0:45:42- That's when the ukulele - and guitar were introduced.
0:45:42 > 0:45:45- It became part-Hawaiian, - part-Western...
0:45:45 > 0:45:49- ..which is the stereotype - of the hula we recognise today.
0:45:49 > 0:45:54- This traditional hula was lost as - a result - the real Hawaiian hula.
0:45:54 > 0:45:58- In the 1970s, the chants and dances - were collected anew.
0:45:58 > 0:46:01- They were taught - to the younger generation.
0:46:01 > 0:46:04- Pi'ilani still performs them today.
0:46:06 > 0:46:10- It disappoints me when the hula - is performed at unsuitable times.
0:46:10 > 0:46:14- It disappoints me that people think - they can perform the hula...
0:46:14 > 0:46:18- ..without learning it properly - and respecting the tradition.
0:46:19 > 0:46:21- After completing the lei, - it is hidden...
0:46:22 > 0:46:25- ..to prevent it being touched - and its blessing tarnished.
0:46:25 > 0:46:30- An intense ceremony and for me, - one part of the hidden Hawaii.
0:46:38 > 0:46:41- It's hard to imagine - what yesterday's people...
0:46:41 > 0:46:42- ..would think of today.
0:46:43 > 0:46:45- Sometimes, there's no point asking.
0:46:45 > 0:46:48- For David Samwell, - it's an important question.
0:46:48 > 0:46:51- He would enjoy the excitement - of being here.
0:46:51 > 0:46:55- He would enjoy the merriment - and the good life.
0:46:55 > 0:46:57- He would enjoy the island...
0:46:57 > 0:47:01- ..its volcanoes and the feeling - that it's constantly changing.
0:47:01 > 0:47:05- He would enjoy the culture, - if he could find it.
0:47:05 > 0:47:07- That's the point.
0:47:07 > 0:47:11- He would have been saddened to see - what happened to the natives...
0:47:12 > 0:47:15- ..as a direct or indirect result - of his visit.
0:47:15 > 0:47:19- I hope that he, like me, would wish - the current population well.
0:47:58 > 0:48:00- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:48:00 > 0:48:00- .