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0:00:02 > 0:00:05- Festivals. Lively celebrations.
0:00:07 > 0:00:09- A feast of colours...
0:00:09 > 0:00:12- ..sounds and delicious foods...
0:00:13 > 0:00:17- ..to celebrate - the key moments of life.
0:00:17 > 0:00:20- Birth, death and marriage.
0:00:22 > 0:00:25- In this episode, - we're celebrating birth.
0:00:25 > 0:00:29- The birth of a new year in China.
0:00:30 > 0:00:36- The Spring Festival sees the streets - awash with colour and decorations.
0:00:36 > 0:00:40- But the heart of the Spring Festival - is in the home...
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- ..as people come together - to celebrate family unity.
0:00:48 > 0:00:52- China itself and Chinese people - all over the world...
0:00:52 > 0:00:56- ..celebrate this significant event - in their lives.
0:00:56 > 0:00:58- The birth of the New Year.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02- It's time to give thanks, - to welcome a new period...
0:01:02 > 0:01:06- ..and to prepare - for a prosperous and happy future.
0:01:16 > 0:01:20- China's economic boom - is developing at speed.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23- It is happening quicker - in the cities.
0:01:24 > 0:01:26- Since the turn of the millennium...
0:01:27 > 0:01:31- ..the capital's population - has increased by eight million...
0:01:31 > 0:01:35- ..to create the second-largest city - in the world.
0:01:35 > 0:01:37- Beijing is an astounding city.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40- It's home to 20 million people...
0:01:40 > 0:01:45- ..and an increasing number - of shiny modern skyscrapers.
0:01:45 > 0:01:49- But it's not just the economy - that's changing.
0:01:49 > 0:01:50- Society is too.
0:01:50 > 0:01:55- However, that doesn't mean that its - customs must completely disappear.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- Here in China, - New Year celebrations...
0:01:59 > 0:02:03- ..provide an opportunity to see - culture moving with the times.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- It's a striking contrast - between the old and the new.
0:02:12 > 0:02:16- Chinese society and unique customs - have gradually developed...
0:02:17 > 0:02:19- ..over thousands of years.
0:02:21 > 0:02:24- But over the past - quarter of a century...
0:02:24 > 0:02:28- ..life in Beijing now resembles life - in any other modern city.
0:02:29 > 0:02:33- Personally, I think it's sad - that shiny skyscrapers...
0:02:34 > 0:02:36- ..that are almost clinical...
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- ..are replacing old communities.
0:02:39 > 0:02:42- But around some street corners...
0:02:42 > 0:02:44- ..you'll find - the original heart of the city...
0:02:45 > 0:02:48- ..such as this beautiful building, - for example.
0:02:48 > 0:02:52- It was once - part of the Emperor's palace.
0:02:52 > 0:02:55- It's the only - original building left.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03- Although Beijing - has been transformed...
0:03:03 > 0:03:07- ..many of society's old customs - have survived.
0:03:10 > 0:03:12- The Chinese calendar, for example...
0:03:13 > 0:03:17- ..which follows the moon's cycle - as well as the sun's.
0:03:17 > 0:03:20- Every year - begins on the second new moon...
0:03:20 > 0:03:23- ..following - the shortest day of the year.
0:03:23 > 0:03:25- The 12 zodiac signs...
0:03:25 > 0:03:28- ..represent the Chinese calendar's - 12-year cycle.
0:03:31 > 0:03:32- This is the Year of the Horse.
0:03:33 > 0:03:34- Reminders are everywhere!
0:03:35 > 0:03:38- The boom - is changing the face of China.
0:03:38 > 0:03:43- Chinese culture is shifting towards - the patterns of global consumerism.
0:03:44 > 0:03:46- There's less room - for China's old ways...
0:03:47 > 0:03:49- ..amid all the steel and concrete.
0:03:49 > 0:03:54- However, - or perhaps because of that...
0:03:54 > 0:03:57- ..celebrating the New Year - is an important way...
0:03:58 > 0:04:01- ..of keeping contact - with the country's heritage.
0:04:01 > 0:04:07- I'll spend time with two - modern families in Beijing...
0:04:07 > 0:04:11- ..to discover why this celebration - has remained so strong.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14- One family's way of life - has been transformed...
0:04:15 > 0:04:18- ..after they established - a successful business...
0:04:18 > 0:04:22- ..while the other family - represent the lives...
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- ..of the new professional class...
0:04:25 > 0:04:29- ..which retains the customs - of this special festival.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36- It's 24 hours before - the Chinese New Year's Eve...
0:04:36 > 0:04:38- ..and business is booming.
0:04:39 > 0:04:42- Jian Jun and Dou Jing - are a married couple in their 30s.
0:04:43 > 0:04:47- They've invited their family - to spend the New Year at their home.
0:04:47 > 0:04:52- I met them while they were busy - with their preparations.
0:04:52 > 0:04:56- We're used to buying a decorative - tree to celebrate Christmas.
0:04:56 > 0:05:00- Here, they pick a citrus tree...
0:05:00 > 0:05:03- ..with golden fruit - symbolizing prosperity and money.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06- Thank you. Xiexie.
0:05:06 > 0:05:11- But these fruits are to decorate - the home and shouldn't be eaten!
0:05:15 > 0:05:17- They aren't ripe yet. They're sour.
0:05:17 > 0:05:20- They smell so sweet.
0:05:27 > 0:05:32- The flower markets are a hive - of activity at this time of year...
0:05:32 > 0:05:36- ..because much of the produce - on sale has its own significance.
0:05:36 > 0:05:41- Fruit blossom is a sign - of fertility following winter.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44- Orchids are the flowers of spring.
0:05:44 > 0:05:47- I love gardening.
0:05:47 > 0:05:52- If there were markets like this - back home, I'd spend a fortune.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55- But what I really want to know is...
0:05:55 > 0:05:59- ..how on earth do they - get these plants and flowers...
0:05:59 > 0:06:03- ..to look so perfect - in sub-zero temperatures?
0:06:03 > 0:06:08- Next, they choose paper decorations - to hang around the home.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12- In the past, - paper cutting skills were common.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16- Each family would make symbols - to attract good fortune.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21- But like the majority of women - in Beijing nowadays...
0:06:21 > 0:06:25- ..Dou Jing will focus - on making a New Year's Eve feast.
0:06:25 > 0:06:28- For Jian Jun, - the holiday will be a break...
0:06:28 > 0:06:30- ..from the construction industry.
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- He's conscious that not everyone - will be as fortunate.
0:06:35 > 0:06:39- It's a tough situation for those - people who have to keep working.
0:06:39 > 0:06:45- After all, everybody - should have time off for New Year.
0:06:46 > 0:06:50- Those who have to work through - this time of rest...
0:06:50 > 0:06:55- ..feel sad that they won't be able - to spend time with their families.
0:06:55 > 0:07:00- The family's happiness - is very important here.
0:07:00 > 0:07:05- In China, they say that eating well - is a way of ensuring that.
0:07:05 > 0:07:08- Feasting is an integral part - of the Spring Festival.
0:07:10 > 0:07:14- A traditional market is the best - place to see all the delicacies.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- Vegetables and fresh meat...
0:07:18 > 0:07:23- ..including this minced pork, which - is prepared in the traditional way.
0:07:23 > 0:07:27- Every other part of the pig - is for sale too.
0:07:29 > 0:07:34- Even in times of plenty, - almost nothing is wasted.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39- The country has been through - hard times in its history.
0:07:40 > 0:07:43- All kinds of ingredients - were used to make meals.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47- As a result, an interesting - culinary tradition developed...
0:07:48 > 0:07:50- ..from the wide range - of food available.
0:07:56 > 0:07:58- But this is the kind of shop...
0:07:58 > 0:08:03- ..where Beijing's wealthy families - like to spend their money.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07- Wang Lu and her husband, - Zhao Shi Jie, have done well...
0:08:07 > 0:08:10- ..from high-end clothing exports.
0:08:11 > 0:08:15- Their son, Zhao Wei Xuan, - is home from boarding school.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19- Their standard of living reflects - that of Beijing's nouveau riche.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28- I'd be comfortable shopping here - without an interpreter.
0:08:28 > 0:08:32- There are - international brands here...
0:08:32 > 0:08:34- ..and English signs everywhere.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37- I might as well be - in any shop in Britain.
0:08:39 > 0:08:44- There are as many, if not more, - Western products on the shelves.
0:08:44 > 0:08:48- With many items - individually wrapped in plastic...
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- ..there's no sign - of the past's frugal times.
0:08:51 > 0:08:56- Wang Lu has seen big changes - in the way she celebrates New Year.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59- I like the Spring Festival.
0:09:00 > 0:09:06- When I was small, we weren't very - wealthy but new clothes were bought.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11- We ate nicer food than normal.
0:09:11 > 0:09:16- So, from a young age, - I really liked this holiday.
0:09:19 > 0:09:25- I remember lanterns because we lived - around a courtyard, or in hutongs.
0:09:25 > 0:09:30- People live in apartments now - and lanterns are rare.
0:09:30 > 0:09:34- Before, we would share food with - our neighbours or drop in to chat.
0:09:34 > 0:09:37- That doesn't happen - in modern buildings.
0:09:37 > 0:09:41- You are just celebrating - with your own family.
0:09:41 > 0:09:46- Preparations obviously bring back - happy memories of past celebrations.
0:09:47 > 0:09:51- People have had time - to consider how life has changed.
0:09:51 > 0:09:55- Buying fireworks - brings back memories for Shi Jie.
0:09:57 > 0:10:02- When I was young, we had - firecrackers that came on a string.
0:10:03 > 0:10:08- In Beijing, there's a type of large - firecracker that lasts a long time.
0:10:08 > 0:10:12- You'd be reluctant to set - one firecracker off at a time...
0:10:13 > 0:10:14- ..so you separated them.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19- The sound of firecrackers has - welcomed the New Year for centuries.
0:10:19 > 0:10:22- They've also warded off - evil spirits.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26- These days, there are all kinds - of rockets and fireworks...
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- ..to attract good fortune...
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- ..after the spirits are banished.
0:10:33 > 0:10:37- This is called Fortune Of Plenty, - this is Happiness For The Family....
0:10:37 > 0:10:39- ..this is Fertility.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42- It's an expensive way - of seeing in the New Year.
0:10:43 > 0:10:47- A few of the boxes cost more than - a worker would earn in a month...
0:10:47 > 0:10:49- ..in some parts of China.
0:10:51 > 0:10:53- We couldn't afford - many firecrackers.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56- Separating them - meant they lasted longer.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59- I still like firecrackers.
0:10:59 > 0:11:06- The sound of firecrackers sees off - the old year and welcomes the new.
0:11:07 > 0:11:10- But in the country - where fireworks were invented...
0:11:11 > 0:11:14- ..there are restrictions - on their use nowadays.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17- The explosive arrival - of the New Year...
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- ..is in danger of losing - some of its spark.
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0:11:24 > 0:11:28- The speed of change in China - is hard to comprehend.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- One way of gauging - how life has changed...
0:11:35 > 0:11:39- ..is by seeing all the travel - that happens at this time of year.
0:11:39 > 0:11:43- China's young people - have moved to the cities.
0:11:43 > 0:11:47- During the festival, when families - come together to celebrate...
0:11:47 > 0:11:51- ..millions travel home - to see their parents.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55- As the Chinese New Year - approaches...
0:11:55 > 0:11:58- ..we see, according to some...
0:11:58 > 0:12:02- ..the biggest mass migration - in the world.
0:12:04 > 0:12:07- During the days - leading up to the New Year...
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- ..the number of people - using this train station...
0:12:11 > 0:12:14- ..swells to 200,000 travellers - each day.
0:12:14 > 0:12:19- Although the authorities lay on - hundreds of additional trains...
0:12:19 > 0:12:22- ..those tickets are like gold dust.
0:12:22 > 0:12:24- Not everyone will get one...
0:12:24 > 0:12:28- ..but for those - who are actually on the train...
0:12:28 > 0:12:31- ..they may have to stand - for up to 30 hours.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34- And that's only one train station.
0:12:34 > 0:12:39- Across the length and breadth - of China, they estimate...
0:12:39 > 0:12:42- ..more than 250m - train journeys are made...
0:12:46 > 0:12:48- ..and 3.5 billion passenger trips.
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- Wang Lu, Shi Jie and Wei Xuan - are back in their luxury apartment.
0:12:59 > 0:13:02- During the cold - and dry winter months...
0:13:03 > 0:13:07- ..it's always summertime - in the artificial flower beds...
0:13:07 > 0:13:11- ..a stone's throw - from Beijing's business centre.
0:13:11 > 0:13:13- But there's nothing false...
0:13:13 > 0:13:17- ..about their commitment - to their New Year celebrations.
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- Many of their business associates - have travelled far and wide...
0:13:22 > 0:13:24- ..to be with their relatives.
0:13:25 > 0:13:28- That makes it easier - for those who are left.
0:13:28 > 0:13:31- Before the 20th day - of the lunar month...
0:13:32 > 0:13:35- ..Beijing - was full of traffic jams.
0:13:35 > 0:13:40- Now the traffic flows freely. Why? - Because migrant workers have left.
0:13:40 > 0:13:46- They've gone home to their families - for the biggest Chinese celebration.
0:13:46 > 0:13:51- But it's difficult getting train - tickets during the Spring Festival.
0:13:52 > 0:14:00- This festival is close to - our hearts, it's at our root...
0:14:00 > 0:14:03- ..and it's not going to change, - not at all.
0:14:03 > 0:14:09- While Wang Lu is confident - the festival won't change...
0:14:09 > 0:14:13- ..there's no doubt - that China is rapidly modernizing.
0:14:13 > 0:14:17- That became obvious - during the 2008 Olympic Games.
0:14:20 > 0:14:25- By building - the famous Bird's Nest stadium....
0:14:25 > 0:14:29- ..China showed the world it was - a creative and ambitious country...
0:14:30 > 0:14:34- ..that plays a prominent role - in modern global culture.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44- But during the Spring Festival...
0:14:45 > 0:14:47- ..ancient traditions - come to the fore.
0:14:54 > 0:14:57- In Wang Lu - and Shi Jie's apartment...
0:14:57 > 0:15:01- ..they're cleaning the house - to attract good fortune.
0:15:01 > 0:15:05- The family's maid - has gone home over the holidays...
0:15:06 > 0:15:10- ..but even if she were here, Lu and - Shi Jie would still get stuck in...
0:15:10 > 0:15:12- ..and help her clean.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15- We say, - out with the old, in with the new.
0:15:16 > 0:15:20- It's like clearing away the bad luck - from the previous year...
0:15:20 > 0:15:24- ..so that you can meet - a new year fully refreshed.
0:15:24 > 0:15:27- Getting rid of the bad luck - from the Year of the Snake...
0:15:27 > 0:15:30- ..to welcome the Year of the Horse.
0:15:30 > 0:15:33- That's the general idea, at least.
0:15:36 > 0:15:41- After finishing their shop, - Jian Jung and Dou Jing come home...
0:15:41 > 0:15:44- ..to prepare - for the night's celebrations.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- But their three-year-old son Run Run - has other plans.
0:15:52 > 0:15:55- China's family life - is nothing like the image...
0:15:55 > 0:15:58- ..of the draconian life they led...
0:15:58 > 0:16:01- ..under Mao Tse-tung's regime - 50 years ago.
0:16:04 > 0:16:07- There's more freedom to have fun.
0:16:10 > 0:16:16- But there's still a strong emphasis - on family and social responsibility.
0:16:16 > 0:16:20- Festivals in China - aren't an excuse to relax.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22- Before the arrival of New Year...
0:16:23 > 0:16:26- ..it's imperative - that families clean their homes...
0:16:26 > 0:16:28- ..to get rid any bad luck.
0:16:29 > 0:16:33- On New Year's Eve, they put away - the cleaning equipment...
0:16:33 > 0:16:36- ..to ensure - the good luck isn't swept away.
0:16:36 > 0:16:41- Run Run doesn't yet realize - that by joining in the cleaning...
0:16:41 > 0:16:45- ..he's following a tradition - that has lasted centuries.
0:16:45 > 0:16:50- But in modern China, - men help with the chores too!
0:16:52 > 0:16:56- Meanwhile, - Jian Jun's family arrives...
0:16:56 > 0:16:59- ..in time to lend a helping hand.
0:17:02 > 0:17:07- With the red decorations, - the flowers and citrus tree...
0:17:07 > 0:17:12- ..the modern apartment takes on - a more traditional Chinese look.
0:17:14 > 0:17:18- Fun and games follow - when presents are exchanged.
0:17:23 > 0:17:27- In the old days, - coins were threaded on red string.
0:17:28 > 0:17:32- That was the present given - to younger members of the family.
0:17:32 > 0:17:35- Nowadays, paper money - is sealed in a red envelope.
0:17:37 > 0:17:43- I wish everyone good fortune.
0:17:45 > 0:17:47- May treasures fill the home.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50- This is a New Year's custom...
0:17:50 > 0:17:54- ..when they give - younger family members a cash gift.
0:17:54 > 0:17:58- Good luck messages - are written on the envelopes...
0:17:58 > 0:18:01- ..wishing them good health - and good fortune.
0:18:02 > 0:18:05- I think it's a wonderful custom.
0:18:07 > 0:18:11- We hang the envelopes - on the citrus tree for good luck.
0:18:11 > 0:18:15- The word for orange has the same - sound as the word for luck...
0:18:16 > 0:18:18- ..so next year - our wishes will come true.
0:18:20 > 0:18:25- The significance of colours plays - a prominent part in festivities.
0:18:25 > 0:18:29- I'm now taking part - in another interesting custom...
0:18:29 > 0:18:32- ..which happens across China - at this time of year.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35- I'm going to buy red underwear.
0:18:35 > 0:18:39- You've obviously noticed - that red is a significant colour...
0:18:39 > 0:18:41- ..for the Chinese.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45- It signifies power, - wealth and good luck.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49- Run Run's grandfather - celebrates his birthday...
0:18:50 > 0:18:52- ..during the Year of the Horse...
0:18:52 > 0:18:55- ..so we're - going to buy him red pants.
0:18:55 > 0:19:00- When the Year of the Horse arrives, - evil spirits will target people...
0:19:01 > 0:19:03- ..born under - the sign of the horse...
0:19:04 > 0:19:09- ..so one in every 12 of China's - vast population is in trouble!
0:19:11 > 0:19:14- The solution - is to wear big red pants...
0:19:15 > 0:19:19- ..a vest or any red item of clothing - that's in contact with the skin.
0:19:21 > 0:19:25- Jian Jung and his brother - have bought a vest and long johns...
0:19:25 > 0:19:30- ..to ensure their father is safe - throughout the Year of the Horse.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32- Everyone I've met...
0:19:32 > 0:19:37- ..insists that they don't - take it seriously, but who knows?
0:19:37 > 0:19:44- I should say I believe, in any case, - we're already accustomed to it.
0:19:45 > 0:19:49- Whoever is in the year of their - zodiac, you give them a red belt...
0:19:49 > 0:19:53- ..red underwear - or red socks as a gift.
0:19:53 > 0:19:58- That way, you always - feel reassured in your heart.
0:20:08 > 0:20:12- Whatever people choose to wear - for New Year...
0:20:12 > 0:20:16- ..the main focus on New Year's Eve - is the family feast.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24- Lu and Shi Jie's family - go to dine at a posh restaurant.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26- Dining out is popular among those...
0:20:27 > 0:20:30- ..who have prospered - from the economic boom.
0:20:32 > 0:20:37- In a private dining room, there are - many toasts and clinking of glasses.
0:20:37 > 0:20:41- To mark the end - of one period in their lives...
0:20:41 > 0:20:44- ..and the beginning of another.
0:20:44 > 0:20:47- With a busy business to maintain...
0:20:48 > 0:20:51- ..and with their sons away - at boarding school...
0:20:51 > 0:20:56- ..it's rare that three generations - of the same family get together.
0:20:56 > 0:20:59- Wang Lu's parents - are obviously enjoying themselves.
0:21:02 > 0:21:04- We look forward to it.
0:21:04 > 0:21:08- A couple of old people like us look - forward to this annual reunion.
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- All our children are with us - to celebrate the New Year...
0:21:12 > 0:21:16- ..and we're in good health, - so they're happy too.
0:21:16 > 0:21:21- At Jian Jun and Dou Jing's house, - the cooking's almost over.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25- Plate after plate - of delicious treats.
0:21:29 > 0:21:34- The food prepared for the Spring - Festival is down to personal taste.
0:21:34 > 0:21:37- Menus vary from home to home.
0:21:39 > 0:21:41- These are apples.
0:21:41 > 0:21:44- These are apples covered in sugar.
0:21:44 > 0:21:47- I know I'll enjoy eating these.
0:21:47 > 0:21:51- A fish course - must be included in the feast.
0:21:55 > 0:21:59- Because it's lucky, - we have fish every New Year's Eve.
0:21:59 > 0:22:03- The word for fish sounds similar - to the word for abundance...
0:22:03 > 0:22:06- ..so it means we will - want for nothing next year.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09- With an emphasis on abundance...
0:22:09 > 0:22:14- ..they prepare a wok full of - the biggest prawns I've ever seen.
0:22:14 > 0:22:17- While the food's being prepared...
0:22:17 > 0:22:19- ..Jian Jun relaxes.
0:22:20 > 0:22:24- This is a rare break from his job - in the construction industry.
0:22:25 > 0:22:27- Since Dou Jing - also works as a teacher...
0:22:27 > 0:22:31- ..she seizes the opportunity - to pull her husband's leg...
0:22:32 > 0:22:34- ..by explaining why men don't cook.
0:22:36 > 0:22:41- Men are busy working - throughout the year, making money.
0:22:41 > 0:22:44- So when celebrating - the New Year...
0:22:44 > 0:22:48- ..it's traditional to look after - the men of the house...
0:22:48 > 0:22:51- ..after all that physical labour!
0:22:51 > 0:22:54- Do you think I explained it OK, - darling husband?
0:22:54 > 0:22:59- Why am I feeding - this idle Beijinger?
0:23:01 > 0:23:04- No, you should say - this family is an exception!
0:23:04 > 0:23:09- So you're not to do any housework? - Come and take these to the table!
0:23:16 > 0:23:21- After all the preparation, the - celebrations are about to begin...
0:23:22 > 0:23:26- ..as the family - gathers around the table.
0:23:26 > 0:23:30- It's time for Jian Jun's father, - the head of the family...
0:23:30 > 0:23:32- ..to say a few words.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37- The Spring Festival is an old - custom that involves the family...
0:23:38 > 0:23:43- ..so family ties - are what count tonight.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47- I'm grateful that our two sons - and daughters-in-law...
0:23:48 > 0:23:50- ..show such respect - to their parents.
0:23:50 > 0:23:53- I'd like to raise a toast now.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57- I'm happy - we're all together tonight.
0:23:58 > 0:24:01- I wish the best of health - and happiness to everyone.
0:24:01 > 0:24:06- I hope the Year of the Horse - will bring prosperity to you all.
0:24:06 > 0:24:09- Cheers!
0:24:16 > 0:24:19- That's the focus - of this special festival.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22- Acknowledging - the importance of family...
0:24:22 > 0:24:25- ..and sharing hopes for the future.
0:24:25 > 0:24:29- As I enjoy the warm welcome - and share an unforgettable feast...
0:24:29 > 0:24:33- ..I feel very lucky to be part - of a celebration that's vital...
0:24:34 > 0:24:36- ..to the Chinese way of life.
0:24:36 > 0:24:38- Xiexie for the welcome.
0:24:39 > 0:24:41- In Welsh, we say iechyd da.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44- Iechyd da.
0:24:45 > 0:24:47- Iechyd da.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53- Xiexie. - Thank you very much for the welcome.
0:24:54 > 0:24:54- .
0:24:55 > 0:24:55- Subtitles
0:24:55 > 0:24:57- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:24:59 > 0:25:03- New Year's Eve is the first night - of the Spring Festival in China.
0:25:04 > 0:25:07- Across the country, - people have made every effort...
0:25:07 > 0:25:12- ..to be with their families - for the New Year.
0:25:12 > 0:25:15- It's a custom - that's more than 3,000 years old.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19- This year, on the eve - of the Year of the Horse...
0:25:19 > 0:25:21- ..families are celebrating.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24- The nouveau riche - in posh restaurants...
0:25:25 > 0:25:28- ..while the majority - follow a more traditional way...
0:25:29 > 0:25:31- ..of sharing food at home.
0:25:33 > 0:25:38- After the main course, - it's time to exchange gifts.
0:25:38 > 0:25:40- At Jian Jun and Dou Jing's home...
0:25:40 > 0:25:45- ..the grandfather, who was born - under the sign of the horse...
0:25:45 > 0:25:47- ..is given lucky underwear.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50- Afterwards, it's Run Run's turn...
0:25:50 > 0:25:54- ..to receive the traditional - red envelopes containing money.
0:25:54 > 0:25:58- Everyone's looking forward - to a grateful kiss!
0:26:12 > 0:26:16- Back at the restaurant, - they follow the same ritual...
0:26:17 > 0:26:20- ..but they're late - preparing the red envelopes.
0:26:21 > 0:26:25- Though the order of celebration - is different here...
0:26:25 > 0:26:29- ..the grandchildren - politely wait until they get home...
0:26:29 > 0:26:31- ..to open the envelopes.
0:26:34 > 0:26:38- Wang Lu and Shi Jie's family - see each other fairly regularly.
0:26:39 > 0:26:42- But for an increasing number - of China's families...
0:26:42 > 0:26:45- ..the New Year is the only - opportunity to get together.
0:26:46 > 0:26:49- That highlights - the importance of the night.
0:26:50 > 0:26:56- Nowadays, many people from rural - areas travel to the city to work.
0:26:56 > 0:27:00- They make every effort to go home.
0:27:00 > 0:27:05- No matter what, - they return home for a full month.
0:27:05 > 0:27:15- So everyone, family and friends, - are happy during our annual reunion.
0:27:17 > 0:27:22- After the feast comes more cooking - in the run-up to midnight.
0:27:22 > 0:27:26- Another traditional custom - is the preparation of dumplings.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30- In this part of northern China, - they prepare jiaozi.
0:27:31 > 0:27:33- Right, I get it.
0:27:34 > 0:27:37- It's hard enough - just pronouncing the name...
0:27:37 > 0:27:40- ..but filling - the pastry with meat and veg...
0:27:40 > 0:27:43- ..is even more difficult.
0:27:44 > 0:27:46- OK, OK.
0:27:46 > 0:27:47- Sorry.
0:27:48 > 0:27:51- I'm not the only one - making a hash of things.
0:27:52 > 0:27:56- Back in - Wang Lu's parents' house....
0:27:56 > 0:28:00- ..her father isn't impressed - by the women's technique.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10- Letting him do it himself - is probably the best solution!
0:28:13 > 0:28:17- The word jiaozi is similar - to the word for paper money.
0:28:17 > 0:28:20- Serving them - is believed to bring prosperity.
0:28:20 > 0:28:24- There's an extra boost - to the bank account...
0:28:24 > 0:28:27- ..since coins - are hidden in some of them!
0:28:30 > 0:28:34- After an unsuccessful attempt - at making jiaozi with Dou Jing...
0:28:34 > 0:28:38- ..I went to sample - those made by Wang Lu's parents.
0:28:41 > 0:28:43- I'm waiting patiently for the feast.
0:28:48 > 0:28:50- Very nice!
0:28:51 > 0:28:53- Wang Lu's father...
0:28:53 > 0:28:55- ..is obviously a master.
0:28:55 > 0:28:58- As I tuck into - the second meal of the night...
0:28:59 > 0:29:03- ..I had hoped I'd mastered - the art of using chopsticks.
0:29:03 > 0:29:05- But obviously I hadn't!
0:29:07 > 0:29:10- Is it that obvious? Xiexie.
0:29:17 > 0:29:21- With midnight approaching, families - prepare to welcome the New Year.
0:29:24 > 0:29:28- Millions of families will sit - in front of the television...
0:29:29 > 0:29:33- ..while millions of others, like - Dou Jing, will prepare fireworks...
0:29:33 > 0:29:37- ..to celebrate the arrival - of the Year of the Horse.
0:29:53 > 0:29:55- What a welcome!
0:29:56 > 0:29:58- The suburban streets are alight.
0:29:59 > 0:30:04- The sound of the fireworks squeal - between the high-rise apartments.
0:30:04 > 0:30:06- This is incredible.
0:30:06 > 0:30:10- I've never seen or heard fireworks - like these before.
0:30:10 > 0:30:15- The atmosphere is electric - and the sound is deafening!
0:30:15 > 0:30:19- As for the smoke, I don't know - how long that'll take to clear.
0:30:21 > 0:30:26- As everyone has fun in the light - of the fireworks and sparklers...
0:30:27 > 0:30:30- ..it's hard to believe there are - fewer fireworks these days.
0:30:31 > 0:30:35- Beijing's authorities have urged - people not to go overboard...
0:30:35 > 0:30:37- ..in order - to protect the environment.
0:30:40 > 0:30:44- The smoke and the gases - linger in the air for days.
0:30:44 > 0:30:46- For some years prior to 2005...
0:30:47 > 0:30:50- ..there was - a complete ban on fireworks.
0:30:52 > 0:30:57- The Spring Festival wasn't the same - when the firework ban was in force.
0:30:58 > 0:31:04- To some extent, I agree that - fireworks cause air pollution.
0:31:04 > 0:31:07- So now, - because of the restriction...
0:31:07 > 0:31:14- ..we must let off only enough to add - to the atmosphere of the festival.
0:31:15 > 0:31:19- If this is a relatively quiet - fireworks display...
0:31:19 > 0:31:22- ..what was it like - before the restriction?
0:31:25 > 0:31:30- Overnight, more than 1,500 - metric tonnes of smoky ashes...
0:31:30 > 0:31:33- ..have landed on Beijing's streets.
0:31:33 > 0:31:38- Before the sun rises, 39,000 workers - begin the thankless task...
0:31:38 > 0:31:40- ..of clearing up the debris.
0:31:41 > 0:31:44- They're tired - before they've even started!
0:31:47 > 0:31:51- Far from the bustling streets - is a quiet celebration...
0:31:51 > 0:31:54- ..in one of the city's hospitals.
0:31:54 > 0:31:57- On the first day - of the Spring Festival...
0:31:57 > 0:32:00- ..the festival of new life, - parents dote on their babies...
0:32:01 > 0:32:05- ..who have been born in the early - hours of the Year of the Horse.
0:32:08 > 0:32:11- One baby is attracting - more attention than the others.
0:32:12 > 0:32:15- And here she is, - the first baby of the year...
0:32:16 > 0:32:18- ..born at this hospital.
0:32:18 > 0:32:20- Isn't she beautiful?
0:32:20 > 0:32:25- For the rest of her life, she'll - be associated with the horse sign.
0:32:25 > 0:32:29- As it happens, both parents were - born in the Year of the Horse too.
0:32:30 > 0:32:33- With China changing - at such a pace...
0:32:34 > 0:32:38- ..I wonder what kind of New Year's - celebrations she'll celebrate...
0:32:38 > 0:32:40- ..when she's older?
0:32:40 > 0:32:43- Congratulations. She's beautiful.
0:32:47 > 0:32:50- It's possible - some things won't change...
0:32:50 > 0:32:54- ..because visiting Beijing's temples - on the first day of New Year...
0:32:54 > 0:32:57- ..is still a popular ritual.
0:33:03 > 0:33:07- Here, they flock - to the wonderful Lama Temple...
0:33:08 > 0:33:10- ..to ask for Buddha's blessing.
0:33:12 > 0:33:14- There are 100,000 here today.
0:33:15 > 0:33:19- The place is full of people walking - from one altar to the other...
0:33:19 > 0:33:22- ..with their hands together - in prayer.
0:33:22 > 0:33:27- This ritual has surprised me because - we're in a Communist country...
0:33:27 > 0:33:30- ..where people have lived - under a secular regime.
0:33:31 > 0:33:35- But it's obvious that - ancient traditions and customs...
0:33:35 > 0:33:37- ..are still as strong today.
0:33:37 > 0:33:43- At the creation of the People's - Republic of China is 1949...
0:33:43 > 0:33:48- ..religion was banned - and many temples destroyed.
0:33:49 > 0:33:52- In 1980, restrictions were relaxed.
0:33:52 > 0:33:55- However, as a result of the ban...
0:33:55 > 0:33:57- ..only a quarter - of China's population...
0:33:58 > 0:34:02- ..worship the five - officially-recognized religions.
0:34:06 > 0:34:09- Buddhism is by far - the most popular religion...
0:34:09 > 0:34:14- ..especially among young - urban professionals.
0:34:17 > 0:34:20- Growing up, I was influenced - by elder family members.
0:34:21 > 0:34:26- Our house had a shrine where we'd - burn incense and pray to Buddha.
0:34:27 > 0:34:31- When I was young, - after I started primary school...
0:34:31 > 0:34:37- ..I went to the Lama Temple to burn - incense with my elder relatives.
0:34:44 > 0:34:50- As a Buddhist, - I believe we are immortal.
0:34:50 > 0:34:59- Our souls are immortal. The body - changes but the soul lives on.
0:34:59 > 0:35:04- A person's soul doesn't die...
0:35:04 > 0:35:08- ..unlike the body, - which only lasts for this lifetime.
0:35:09 > 0:35:13- Today, there's a sense - that China's soul...
0:35:13 > 0:35:16- ..is something that will continue...
0:35:17 > 0:35:19- ..although China's form - is changing.
0:35:20 > 0:35:25- But new wealth - creates higher expectations...
0:35:25 > 0:35:30- ..which could possibly undermine - the values of family life in China.
0:35:30 > 0:35:30- .
0:35:33 > 0:35:33- Subtitles
0:35:33 > 0:35:35- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:35:40 > 0:35:45- Chinese New Year's Day is the first - of three days of official holidays.
0:35:45 > 0:35:49- Most of the country's offices - and businesses are closed.
0:35:49 > 0:35:54- It's an ideal time for traditional - fairs that last for two weeks.
0:35:54 > 0:35:58- It's also an opportunity - to spend time with friends...
0:35:58 > 0:36:02- ..and enjoy one of the festival's - activities - mah-jong.
0:36:02 > 0:36:07- The authorities banned the game for - a while but it's popular once again.
0:36:07 > 0:36:10- Mah-jong is similar...
0:36:11 > 0:36:15- ..to the card game Rummy.
0:36:15 > 0:36:19- You must have a run of three numbers - or three patterns.
0:36:20 > 0:36:23- I have to put this one down.
0:36:35 > 0:36:38- It's a good way - of getting to know people.
0:36:38 > 0:36:44- They say it's possible to scrutinize - a person's character by playing.
0:36:44 > 0:36:48- Businessmen and potential in-laws - use the game before offering work...
0:36:49 > 0:36:52- ..or accepting a person - into the family!
0:37:02 > 0:37:04- Thank you. Xiexie.
0:37:09 > 0:37:14- More traditional entertainment next - in one of the Spring Festival fairs.
0:37:14 > 0:37:18- This is called - the Earth Temple Fair...
0:37:18 > 0:37:22- ..which is full of crafts, - food and old-fashioned stalls.
0:37:26 > 0:37:29- Each year - during the Spring Festival...
0:37:29 > 0:37:33- ..the Temple Fair is full of stalls.
0:37:34 > 0:37:38- There are culinary specialities...
0:37:38 > 0:37:43- ..and folk customs - from all parts of China.
0:37:43 > 0:37:48- It's like getting the opportunity - to travel through the whole country.
0:37:50 > 0:37:52- For Jian Jun and Dou Jing...
0:37:52 > 0:37:57- ..it's a chance to introduce Run Run - to the fun they had as children...
0:37:57 > 0:37:59- ..before life took over.
0:38:02 > 0:38:04- There are strange things to see...
0:38:05 > 0:38:09- ..such as the art of sculpting - animals from hot sugar...
0:38:10 > 0:38:14- ..and the ancient folk show of - Layang Pian, where the audience...
0:38:14 > 0:38:18- ..peeks into a large box - full of theatrical pictures...
0:38:19 > 0:38:22- ..while a narrator - relates the story.
0:38:22 > 0:38:26- This was China's - medieval form of television!
0:38:30 > 0:38:33- Children like to know what life - was like when we were young...
0:38:33 > 0:38:37- ..or when their grandparents - were young.
0:38:38 > 0:38:40- They ask such questions as...
0:38:40 > 0:38:44- .."What was it like? - Did you have iPads?"
0:38:44 > 0:38:51- It's important to educate them and - help them appreciate their heritage.
0:38:54 > 0:38:58- A different kind of fair has drawn - Wang Lu, Shi Jie and Wei Xuan.
0:38:58 > 0:39:00- Beijing's World Fair...
0:39:01 > 0:39:05- ..is a mixture of Disneyland - and Barry Island funfair!
0:39:06 > 0:39:09- It feels as if - the entire city's here today.
0:39:09 > 0:39:11- There's no room to turn!
0:39:17 > 0:39:20- Some worry about - the durability of the economy...
0:39:20 > 0:39:23- ..and its influence - on global culture...
0:39:23 > 0:39:26- ..but when you come here, - to this World Fair...
0:39:26 > 0:39:29- ..you realize - that external influences...
0:39:29 > 0:39:33- ..are affecting the lives - of people here in Beijing.
0:39:33 > 0:39:37- There's no harm in a little fun - at the fair - in Barry or Beijing.
0:39:38 > 0:39:43- Shi Jie is confident - that China's unique customs...
0:39:43 > 0:39:46- ..can co-exist - with international influences.
0:39:48 > 0:39:51- The mix of Chinese - and Western cultures...
0:39:51 > 0:39:55- ..will still be around - a century from now.
0:39:55 > 0:39:57- Being brought up in Chinese homes...
0:39:58 > 0:40:01- ..they will still be immersed - in the country's culture.
0:40:03 > 0:40:06- Back home, - there's something familiar...
0:40:06 > 0:40:11- ..about the way the family - spends the rest of the afternoon.
0:40:11 > 0:40:13- Wei Xuan is on his computer...
0:40:13 > 0:40:16- ..contacting friends.
0:40:16 > 0:40:19- Shi Jie is keeping an eye - on the business...
0:40:21 > 0:40:23- ..and Wang Lu is taking it easy.
0:40:24 > 0:40:29- The quiet time is a chance - to consider the differences...
0:40:29 > 0:40:34- ..between the Chinese outlook and - the Western outlook on the world.
0:40:34 > 0:40:41- A few days ago, I watched - Phantom Of The Opera again...
0:40:41 > 0:40:48- ..and a few months ago, I saw the - latest version of Les Miserables.
0:40:48 > 0:40:54- Whatever form these Western musicals - take, the central theme is love.
0:40:54 > 0:40:58- This aspect is probably better - than the way we'd express it.
0:41:02 > 0:41:10- I mean, in the past, we focused - on the form rather than the soul.
0:41:11 > 0:41:16- As I chatted with Wang Lu, she - mentioned China's formality again...
0:41:17 > 0:41:20- ..and how it has led - her husband and herself...
0:41:21 > 0:41:25- ..to consider sending their son - overseas to broaden his horizons.
0:41:26 > 0:41:32- These days in China, - we have exam-oriented education.
0:41:32 > 0:41:39- It's good - because it builds knowledge...
0:41:39 > 0:41:43- ..but the system doesn't place - enough emphasis on creativity.
0:41:43 > 0:41:48- Neither does it allow children to - develop vital skills for themselves.
0:41:48 > 0:41:54- The type of skills they'll need - as they take their place in society.
0:41:54 > 0:41:58- So, I want my son to study in China - until GCSE level...
0:41:58 > 0:42:02- ..and then I want him - to be educated abroad.
0:42:02 > 0:42:06- Shi Jie also sees the advantages - of being educated abroad.
0:42:06 > 0:42:09- But he realizes - that it could mean...
0:42:09 > 0:42:14- ..that Wei Xuan creates a future - for himself outside China.
0:42:14 > 0:42:17- I didn't go overseas - when I was young...
0:42:18 > 0:42:23- ..but I want my children - to have that opportunity.
0:42:23 > 0:42:29- If my son prefers life abroad, - then he's free to choose his future.
0:42:31 > 0:42:33- It's an interesting subject.
0:42:33 > 0:42:37- The Chinese take great pride - in their close families...
0:42:38 > 0:42:42- ..yet parents today urge their - children to leave the country...
0:42:42 > 0:42:44- ..for a better education.
0:42:44 > 0:42:47- They sacrifice the chance - to be with their children...
0:42:48 > 0:42:51- ..in order to secure - a more prosperous future for them.
0:42:52 > 0:42:54- But the families I've met - are confident...
0:42:55 > 0:42:59- ..that this situation - won't destroy their family unit.
0:43:03 > 0:43:06- After a day - of strange experiences...
0:43:06 > 0:43:08- ..Run Run is exhausted.
0:43:08 > 0:43:12- For his parents, the visit to the - fair has prompted a discussion...
0:43:13 > 0:43:16- ..about their society's - heritage and values.
0:43:16 > 0:43:19- There's no doubt - about what's most important.
0:43:20 > 0:43:22- Family ties are most important.
0:43:22 > 0:43:25- Honouring parents - is integral to that.
0:43:25 > 0:43:29- The younger generation - must respect their elders.
0:43:29 > 0:43:32- This is the most important aspect...
0:43:32 > 0:43:35- ..that we must pass down - to our children.
0:43:36 > 0:43:39- Dou Jing agrees...
0:43:40 > 0:43:45- ..but interesting differences arise - when discussing the future...
0:43:45 > 0:43:48- ..and Run Run's place in the world.
0:43:49 > 0:43:52- I have high expectations for my son.
0:43:53 > 0:43:58- Our hope is that he will be - educated in China until he's 16...
0:43:58 > 0:44:01- ..and then be educated - at a good school in America...
0:44:01 > 0:44:04- ..before attending - one of its best universities.
0:44:05 > 0:44:09- Our biggest hope is that - his academic achievements...
0:44:10 > 0:44:12- ..will shape his character...
0:44:12 > 0:44:15- ..and his future.
0:44:18 > 0:44:21- That's your hope, not mine!
0:44:27 > 0:44:32- It's more important to me - that my son is healthy and happy.
0:44:32 > 0:44:36- Whatever a person studies - and whatever his achievements...
0:44:36 > 0:44:41- ..I believe there's a place - for everybody in society.
0:44:41 > 0:44:47- If he doesn't do well at school, - there's a place out there for him.
0:44:49 > 0:44:51- It's not the same for boys.
0:44:51 > 0:44:53- They have responsibilities - to consider.
0:44:53 > 0:44:55- A good education is essential.
0:44:55 > 0:45:01- Only then will he be able to face - the responsibilities of the future.
0:45:02 > 0:45:09- I think he should enjoy - whatever he chooses to do.
0:45:10 > 0:45:14- He has to be happy - and enjoy what he does...
0:45:14 > 0:45:19- ..because it'll be easier for him - to do well and reach his potential.
0:45:19 > 0:45:23- Despite their differences...
0:45:23 > 0:45:26- ..this loving family agrees...
0:45:26 > 0:45:30- ..that the Spring Festival - family celebration will continue...
0:45:31 > 0:45:33- ..and perhaps - its importance will grow...
0:45:33 > 0:45:37- ..as changes in business - and commerce steam ahead.
0:45:40 > 0:45:46- Everyone is so busy all the time, - they look forward to holidays.
0:45:46 > 0:45:50- But here in China, we choose - to go home for the Spring Festival.
0:45:51 > 0:45:56- What's important, no matter what - culture he'll choose in future...
0:45:56 > 0:46:03- ..is that he comes home - for this symbolic time.
0:46:03 > 0:46:08- When it's time to celebrate the New - Year, whether you're rich or poor...
0:46:08 > 0:46:14- ..everyone will hopefully choose to - go home to be with their families.
0:46:14 > 0:46:20- As China's wealth increases and - international influences pour in...
0:46:20 > 0:46:24- ..and with the country's young - eager to travel the world...
0:46:24 > 0:46:26- ..I can't help but wonder...
0:46:26 > 0:46:31- ..what will happen to China's - strong and proud family values...
0:46:31 > 0:46:33- ..in years to come?
0:46:33 > 0:46:37- After being here and seeing - how this incredible festival...
0:46:37 > 0:46:40- ..brings families together...
0:46:40 > 0:46:42- ..I believe, and I'm confident...
0:46:42 > 0:46:45- ..that the family bond...
0:46:45 > 0:46:49- ..is strong enough - to withstand the changes.
0:46:49 > 0:46:53- Perhaps elements of it will change - but its essence will last.
0:46:53 > 0:46:55- The love of family.
0:47:38 > 0:47:40- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:47:40 > 0:47:41- .