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0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:04 > 0:00:09- I'm Siwan Davies, I'm exploring how - climate change affects the planet.
0:00:10 > 0:00:12- I've witnessed ice caps melt...
0:00:12 > 0:00:16- ..and the adverse effect it's had - on the Maldives.
0:00:16 > 0:00:18- My overseas expedition is over.
0:00:19 > 0:00:21- I've been searching for evidence...
0:00:21 > 0:00:26- ..to prove that climate change - is already affecting some people.
0:00:26 > 0:00:30- This is a huge challenge - that everyone on the planet faces.
0:00:30 > 0:00:33- But there's also a sense of hope...
0:00:33 > 0:00:38- ..and stories of people determined - to overcome the climate challenge.
0:00:38 > 0:00:40- I now turn my attention to Wales...
0:00:41 > 0:00:44- ..to see what we can do - as we face the challenge.
0:00:52 > 0:00:57- My work involves studying scientific - data about historic climate change.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01- I study volcanic ash that was - scattered thousands of years ago...
0:01:01 > 0:01:05- ..to see what caused climate change - back then.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07- They were natural changes...
0:01:08 > 0:01:11- ..long before the actions of man - affected the planet.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16- Modern climate change - is completely different...
0:01:16 > 0:01:19- ..from what I've studied - in the past.
0:01:19 > 0:01:24- Leaving the lab and travelling to - two entirely different countries...
0:01:24 > 0:01:26- ..was a revelation for me.
0:01:26 > 0:01:30- I saw how climate change has - affected things I never expected.
0:01:32 > 0:01:34- I began my journey in Greenland.
0:01:34 > 0:01:38- The ice is melting at - a much faster rate than ever before.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41- On average, - 500 billion litres of water...
0:01:41 > 0:01:45- ..equivalent to five Bala Lakes, - flows into the sea every day.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- The ice is melting...
0:01:48 > 0:01:53- ..because the world's temperature - is rising at an alarming rate.
0:01:53 > 0:01:55- The planet's temperature - is measured...
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- ..by weather stations and satellites - across the world.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- Some years are warmer, - others are colder.
0:02:03 > 0:02:07- The most significant factor - is the trend.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10- The trend is growing and growing.
0:02:14 > 0:02:16- 2015 was the warmest year...
0:02:16 > 0:02:19- ..since weather reporting began - in 1880.
0:02:19 > 0:02:24- The warmest 16 years on record - have happened since 1998.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29- It's very likely - that 2016 will be even warmer.
0:02:29 > 0:02:33- The reason the planet's temperature - is rising...
0:02:33 > 0:02:37- ..is due to the rise in greenhouse - gases, of which there are many.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40- Carbon dioxide - from burning fossil fuel...
0:02:40 > 0:02:44- ..methane and nitrogen oxide from - agriculture as well as water vapour.
0:02:44 > 0:02:49- This is how carbon dioxide has risen - since the Industrial Revolution.
0:02:50 > 0:02:55- Thousands of years ago, - carbon dioxide varied naturally.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58- It's never risen higher - than 300 parts per million.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03- Since 1950, it's risen consistently - and is now 400 parts per million.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05- As the temperature increases...
0:03:06 > 0:03:09- ..and the ice melts, - the sea level rises...
0:03:10 > 0:03:13- ..and the sea itself warms - and swells even more.
0:03:13 > 0:03:18- Over the past century, the global - level has risen 20 centimetres.
0:03:18 > 0:03:23- It could rise as high - as one metre by the year 2100.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- The shape of the British Isles - would change...
0:03:30 > 0:03:34- ..if all of Greenland's ice melted - as the sea rose six metres.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43- I visited the Maldives, - a country already facing problems.
0:03:44 > 0:03:48- It's drawing the world's attention - to low-lying countries.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53- They hope that other countries - will cut down on greenhouse gases...
0:03:53 > 0:03:55- ..to stop the temperature rising.
0:03:56 > 0:03:59- What inspired me was how people...
0:03:59 > 0:04:02- ..go about saving their islands.
0:04:02 > 0:04:06- They're planting trees to draw out - carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12- The young people of the Maldives - are planting trees...
0:04:12 > 0:04:17- ..because they have to in order to - bind the land and stop its erosion.
0:04:17 > 0:04:21- The fact that trees absorb carbon - dioxide is secondary to them...
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- ..but planting trees - is a possible solution...
0:04:25 > 0:04:29- ..to absorb the carbon dioxide - we emit into the atmosphere.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33- I journeyed 15,000 miles - to Greenland and the Maldives.
0:04:33 > 0:04:38- To make up for that, we, as a film - crew, must plant 60 trees.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45- I started planting at Yr Egin, which - will shortly be S4C's new home.
0:04:46 > 0:04:49- The Woodland Trust - helps communities to plant trees.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52- Haf Leyshon has come to help - with the planting.
0:04:53 > 0:04:55- How important is it to plant trees?
0:04:55 > 0:04:57- How important is it to plant trees?- - It's important for different things.
0:04:57 > 0:05:02- Habitats are really important - for different species of wildlife.
0:05:02 > 0:05:04- Climate change is a factor.
0:05:05 > 0:05:08- Trees - absorb carbon dioxide from the air.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11- They're very good protection - against floods.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15- A lot of planting is being done - on high ground to stop the floods...
0:05:15 > 0:05:18- ..spoiling these habitats - on low ground.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- How effective are trees - in absorbing carbon dioxide?
0:05:22 > 0:05:24- Trees are crucial.
0:05:24 > 0:05:28- When they're small like this, - they absorb a great deal.
0:05:28 > 0:05:30- As they grow, they absorb less CO2.
0:05:31 > 0:05:35- It's vital - that we plant many saplings...
0:05:35 > 0:05:37- ..in our surroundings.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40- How can the people of Wales help?
0:05:41 > 0:05:43- They can visit us or contact us.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46- They can apply for a kit like this.
0:05:46 > 0:05:48- Everything is included.
0:05:49 > 0:05:54- A number of species are available, - depending on the size of the site.
0:05:55 > 0:05:57- It's vital that people assist us.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01- There aren't enough of us, - so we need people's help.
0:06:03 > 0:06:07- I'm not the only person planting - trees to offset my carbon footprint.
0:06:08 > 0:06:12- In Greenland, one of the world's - most eminent glaciologists...
0:06:12 > 0:06:14- ..is doing the same.
0:06:14 > 0:06:19- Professor Jason Box has spent years - researching Greenland's ice sheet.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24- I asked Jason why planting trees - here was so important.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27- Why are you doing this, Jason?
0:06:28 > 0:06:32- There's a lot of talk about reducing - emissions, but what we need...
0:06:32 > 0:06:34- ..is draw down atmosphere carbon...
0:06:35 > 0:06:38- ..from 400 - to below 350 parts per million.
0:06:38 > 0:06:41- This is part of the effort - of drawing down...
0:06:41 > 0:06:43- ..existing atmosphere carbon.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48- As global citizens, it's really - our duty to give back to nature.
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- We're reliant on nature and - we're part of nature, not separate.
0:06:52 > 0:06:58- Just flying here and having this - fossil-fuel-intensive lifestyle...
0:06:58 > 0:07:01- ..I want to reach carbon neutrality.
0:07:01 > 0:07:06- It's possible by planting trees next - to the work I'm doing in Greenland.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09- What do you think the future holds?
0:07:09 > 0:07:13- We're in store - for abrupt climate change...
0:07:13 > 0:07:15- ..to continue intensifying...
0:07:15 > 0:07:17- ..until we get control...
0:07:17 > 0:07:21- ..of overloading the atmosphere - with carbon.
0:07:21 > 0:07:23- Greenland melting...
0:07:23 > 0:07:28- ..is tampering with shutting down - the North Atlantic circulation.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31- That will - intensify storms in Europe...
0:07:31 > 0:07:36- ..and more cold snaps, - more blizzard conditions...
0:07:37 > 0:07:40- ..possible for parts - of north-western Europe.
0:07:44 > 0:07:48- Back in Wales, the effects - of climate change on the weather...
0:07:48 > 0:07:51- ..has led - to serious storms and floods...
0:07:51 > 0:07:55- ..that we witnessed - in the Talybont area back in 2012.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01- Hello, Hywel. How are you?
0:08:01 > 0:08:03- Fine, thank you.
0:08:03 > 0:08:04- Fine, thank you.- - I've come to Talybont...
0:08:05 > 0:08:09- ..to meet Dr Hywel Griffiths - of Aberystwyth University...
0:08:09 > 0:08:14- ..who studies rivers - and knows the history of flooding.
0:08:14 > 0:08:18- There's a tendency to think recent - floods are rare occurrences...
0:08:18 > 0:08:23- ..that have never happened before, - especially the most recent ones...
0:08:23 > 0:08:26- ..in the north of England - and Scotland...
0:08:26 > 0:08:30- ..but the truth is, - they have happened before.
0:08:30 > 0:08:34- They're living memory for some - who've lived here a long time.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37- They remember floods - of this magnitude.
0:08:37 > 0:08:40- Going back a century before that...
0:08:40 > 0:08:44- ..there's evidence - which proves severe flooding...
0:08:44 > 0:08:47- ..happened - relatively frequently in the past.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- We know - there's a capacity in the system...
0:08:51 > 0:08:55- ..to create the severe flooding - we've seen over recent years.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59- It's likely - that as the planet warms...
0:08:59 > 0:09:02- ..there's more moisture - in the air...
0:09:02 > 0:09:06- ..and more energy in the air - to create these storms.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10- It's likely they'll happen - more frequently in future.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14- Are there things we can do - to reduce the effects of floods?
0:09:14 > 0:09:19- There are certainly things we can do - such as plant trees in the area.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22- You can also plant them - on the floodplain...
0:09:22 > 0:09:26- ..to intercept the rain, allowing - it time to sink into the soil...
0:09:26 > 0:09:31- ..and slow the flow of the floods - so that they reach villages...
0:09:31 > 0:09:33- ..at a slower rate.
0:09:33 > 0:09:37- You can also plant trees - in the water channels.
0:09:37 > 0:09:43- As the trees huddle together in the - channels, they hold back the water.
0:09:43 > 0:09:48- Trees are - also very important for carbon.
0:09:48 > 0:09:54- There are very positive side effects - to tree planting.
0:09:54 > 0:09:59- A strong community group has formed - since the recent flooding...
0:09:59 > 0:10:01- ..to discuss flood issues.
0:10:01 > 0:10:04- There's more river monitoring.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08- Web cameras have been installed.
0:10:08 > 0:10:13- Awareness of flooding - has increased in this area...
0:10:14 > 0:10:16- ..and that's a very good thing.
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0:10:24 > 0:10:24- Subtitles
0:10:24 > 0:10:26- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:10:32 > 0:10:34- As I near the end of the series...
0:10:35 > 0:10:39- ..I've come to realize that - each of us is able to take action...
0:10:39 > 0:10:42- ..to safeguard the planet - for the future.
0:10:42 > 0:10:46- Planting trees - isn't the only solution.
0:10:46 > 0:10:51- Wales is an advanced country, with - many new and alternative projects...
0:10:51 > 0:10:55- ..looking at ways of producing - energy without burning coal.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02- We're familiar - with wind and solar power...
0:11:02 > 0:11:04- ..but less so with tidal power.
0:11:04 > 0:11:08- I'm meeting Ann MacGarry, - an education officer...
0:11:08 > 0:11:12- ..at Machynlleth's - Centre for Alternative Technology.
0:11:12 > 0:11:16- We're visiting a tidal energy - generator on Ramsey Island...
0:11:16 > 0:11:19- ..off the Pembrokeshire coast.
0:11:19 > 0:11:23- We've known for a long time that - we need to develop green energy...
0:11:23 > 0:11:26- ..but what's - the current situation in Wales?
0:11:27 > 0:11:30- We're not doing very well.
0:11:31 > 0:11:33- We're not developing things - quickly enough.
0:11:34 > 0:11:38- One reason is due to the attitude - of the Westminster government...
0:11:38 > 0:11:42- ..because they're making it - very difficult for us.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44- They're not helping at all.
0:11:44 > 0:11:46- They're not helping at all.- - What kinds of green energy...
0:11:46 > 0:11:47- ..are most effective?
0:11:48 > 0:11:53- Solar power produces - a lot of energy in summer...
0:11:53 > 0:11:55- ..but not in winter.
0:11:55 > 0:11:57- It's expensive but important.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00- We have resources like wind.
0:12:00 > 0:12:06- We know that it works - and it's inexpensive.
0:12:06 > 0:12:08- We have to use it.
0:12:09 > 0:12:12- Do you think the answer - is to combine all these sources?
0:12:13 > 0:12:14- Most definitely.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20- We're meeting the project's manager.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- Hi. Good morning.
0:12:24 > 0:12:26- Welcome to Tidal Energy.
0:12:27 > 0:12:31- In the control room we can monitor - and control the turbine from here.
0:12:32 > 0:12:35- The screen here is - where we control the turbine from.
0:12:35 > 0:12:36- How does the device work?
0:12:36 > 0:12:39- How does the device work?- - It's similar to a wind turbine...
0:12:39 > 0:12:43- ..but instead of wind blowing - a rotor, we use tidal flow...
0:12:43 > 0:12:44- ..to turn it around.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48- It's sat on a seabed, - we face the tide.
0:12:48 > 0:12:51- The tide turns the rotor - and that turns the generator...
0:12:52 > 0:12:53- ..to produce electricity.
0:12:54 > 0:12:58- From the sonar picture here, we - can see the image of the turbine...
0:12:58 > 0:13:01- ..sat on the seabed in 32m of water.
0:13:01 > 0:13:05- If we want to get closer, - we look at the other screen.
0:13:05 > 0:13:10- We have cameras and lights on three - feet of the turbine base frame.
0:13:10 > 0:13:16- This one's showing crabs that've - inhabited one of the base frames.
0:13:16 > 0:13:21- Ann is eager - to hear more about tidal power...
0:13:21 > 0:13:24- ..due to the shape of the strait.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27- Clive explains - that tidal power is strong.
0:13:27 > 0:13:31- The water in the bay is channelled - between the island and the mainland.
0:13:32 > 0:13:34- ..between the tip of the blade - and the sea.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41- We head out on a boat to the area - where the turbine stands.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45- We leave St Justinian - Lifeboat Station near St David's.
0:13:46 > 0:13:50- This is the spot, - the turbine's directly beneath us...
0:13:51 > 0:13:53- ..in about 32 metres of water.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56- We're at low tide, - so we've 12m clearance...
0:13:56 > 0:13:58- ..from where we are - to the tip of the blade.
0:13:59 > 0:14:03- The turbine has performed - much better than expected...
0:14:03 > 0:14:08- ..producing electricity quickly - and contributing to the Grid.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12- The plan is to place groups of - turbines in the sea off the coast.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- The hope - is to generate 10 kilowatt by 2018.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- What do you think - the future holds...
0:14:19 > 0:14:21- ..for tidal energy in Wales?
0:14:21 > 0:14:25- In my personal opinion, - it's the way forward.
0:14:25 > 0:14:29- We've got tremendous tidal flows - around the coast of Wales.
0:14:29 > 0:14:33- Not only around South Wales but - around the North Wales coast too.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37- To be able to capture that - free energy which is predictable...
0:14:37 > 0:14:39- ..has got to be the way forward.
0:14:40 > 0:14:42- Another purpose - for the development...
0:14:43 > 0:14:47- ..is to ensure that the turbine - doesn't disturb the wildlife...
0:14:47 > 0:14:50- ..and the mammals - that inhabit the coast.
0:14:50 > 0:14:54- The team counts and records - the mammals' movements.
0:14:54 > 0:14:57- It hasn't affected them so far.
0:14:58 > 0:15:00- What do you think of this project?
0:15:01 > 0:15:04- I think it's very exciting - and very important...
0:15:04 > 0:15:06- ..in giving people hope.
0:15:07 > 0:15:12- People have gone from - not believing there's a problem...
0:15:12 > 0:15:16- ..to believing there's a problem - and a sense of hopelessness.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19- There's lots of things we can do.
0:15:19 > 0:15:23- It's refreshing to see that hope - and future potential.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25- Most definitely.
0:15:32 > 0:15:36- It's here at Singleton campus, - Swansea University...
0:15:36 > 0:15:40- ..that I spend most of my time - researching climate change.
0:15:40 > 0:15:44- To show how important climate change - is to the university...
0:15:44 > 0:15:47- ..I've been given permission - to plant trees...
0:15:47 > 0:15:50- ..in front of the university's - most iconic building.
0:15:53 > 0:15:58- Swansea is innovative. It's finding - new ways of producing energy.
0:15:58 > 0:16:03- Ambitious research on solar energy - is being carried out...
0:16:03 > 0:16:04- ..at the new Bay Campus.
0:16:09 > 0:16:13- What if our homes weren't - only places in which to live...
0:16:14 > 0:16:17- ..but were places - creating their own energy?
0:16:17 > 0:16:19- Turning homes into powerhouses...
0:16:20 > 0:16:24- ..is the aim for the Specific - research team at the Bay Campus.
0:16:24 > 0:16:27- Dr Trystan Watson - is a prominent member of the team.
0:16:29 > 0:16:32- Why is your aim - to create powerhouses?
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- It's a wasted opportunity.
0:16:34 > 0:16:38- There are currently four billion - square metres of roofs...
0:16:39 > 0:16:42- ..doing nothing - but keeping wind and rain out.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45- What we'd like to do - is use new technology to do more.
0:16:45 > 0:16:50- We'd like to use the roofs for - solar power to produce electricity.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53- We'd like to - store the energy in the walls...
0:16:54 > 0:16:58- ..and release it to generate light - and heat inside the building.
0:16:58 > 0:17:00- We'd like it to be functional.
0:17:01 > 0:17:05- This is where we develop - the technologies on a small scale.
0:17:05 > 0:17:09- We have to initially prove - that they work in a laboratory.
0:17:09 > 0:17:13- If they do, we can move on - and gradually make them bigger...
0:17:14 > 0:17:16- ..and end up on the roof.
0:17:16 > 0:17:19- What kind of materials - are you coating?
0:17:20 > 0:17:22- Anything - that has printing properties.
0:17:22 > 0:17:27- We've chosen printing technology - because it's inexpensive.
0:17:27 > 0:17:31- You can print with steel, glass - and a variety of materials.
0:17:31 > 0:17:35- What's important is that you can - turn those materials into ink.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39- Where do you foresee - these materials being used?
0:17:39 > 0:17:41- I hope we'll see them in schools...
0:17:41 > 0:17:43- ..and warehouses.
0:17:43 > 0:17:46- You can print on different things.
0:17:46 > 0:17:50- There's no point developing - technology you can't sell...
0:17:50 > 0:17:52- ..even if it's a good idea.
0:17:52 > 0:17:54- ..even if it's a good idea.- - As for renewable energy sources...
0:17:54 > 0:17:57- ..how important will solar power be?
0:17:57 > 0:17:59- It will be very important.
0:17:59 > 0:18:04- The sun generates enough energy in - a day to power mankind for 27 years.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08- What propels you - to undertake this kind of work?
0:18:08 > 0:18:10- Many things.
0:18:10 > 0:18:14- I'd like to have a big impact - on changing the world...
0:18:14 > 0:18:18- ..in terms of - the use of fossil fuels.
0:18:19 > 0:18:21- I also want to create an industry.
0:18:21 > 0:18:25- A manufacturing industry - that can change the world.
0:18:25 > 0:18:29- That's the team's main goal. - Specific is very fortunate.
0:18:29 > 0:18:33- To develop methods of manufacturing, - you need a factory.
0:18:34 > 0:18:38- We're fortunate enough - to have our own factory nearby.
0:18:39 > 0:18:41- That's what makes us unique.
0:18:41 > 0:18:45- We're a combination - of industry and innovation.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52- The factory is situated - a few miles away in Baglan.
0:18:53 > 0:18:56- It's here that the research - goes a step further.
0:18:56 > 0:19:00- It goes from operating on a - small scale to an industrial scale.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02- This research, like many...
0:19:02 > 0:19:08- ..is reliant on European funding, - so I'm unsure of its future.
0:19:12 > 0:19:15- Eifion Jewell - is responsible for this building...
0:19:16 > 0:19:18- ..and - the industrial-scale machinery.
0:19:18 > 0:19:20- What's happening today?
0:19:21 > 0:19:26- Today we've placed a coating - of the material into the solar cell.
0:19:26 > 0:19:31- We're testing the technology used - to dry that material...
0:19:31 > 0:19:35- ..by using infrared energy...
0:19:35 > 0:19:41- ..to reduce the energy used - to make the cells themselves.
0:19:41 > 0:19:42- What's the temperature in there?
0:19:42 > 0:19:44- What's the temperature in there?- - It's about 450 degrees.
0:19:45 > 0:19:49- It's like the biggest pizza oven - you've ever seen.
0:19:58 > 0:20:00- What's this here, Eifion?
0:20:01 > 0:20:03- This is a radiator.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05- It's a very thin radiator.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09- You can place it - in between walls in the bathroom.
0:20:09 > 0:20:15- It uses energy that's been - collected throughout the day...
0:20:16 > 0:20:17- ..by the solar panels...
0:20:18 > 0:20:22- ..into a battery and then - it heats the house for bath time.
0:20:25 > 0:20:27- A substantial investment - is needed...
0:20:28 > 0:20:30- ..to boost the ambitious ideas...
0:20:30 > 0:20:32- ..of solving - the climate challenge...
0:20:33 > 0:20:37- ..while planting trees is something - cheap that everyone can do.
0:20:40 > 0:20:41- I'm meeting Gareth Cemlyn Jones...
0:20:42 > 0:20:45- ..of the Institution - of Mechanical Engineers...
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- ..to discuss trees, - but this time, artificial trees.
0:20:50 > 0:20:57- Artificial trees draw out - carbon dioxide from the air...
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- ..in a similar way - to natural trees...
0:21:01 > 0:21:05- ..but through a chemical process.
0:21:05 > 0:21:07- Artificial trees...
0:21:08 > 0:21:11- ..can be more effective - than natural trees...
0:21:11 > 0:21:14- ..because the leaves on them...
0:21:14 > 0:21:17- ..completely rely on photosynthesis.
0:21:17 > 0:21:21- With artificial trees, - the intention is that the leaves...
0:21:21 > 0:21:25- ..can be close together - so that the air can cover them.
0:21:25 > 0:21:29- They don't need to face - a certain way or to face the sun.
0:21:29 > 0:21:35- Transport accounts for 60% - of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
0:21:35 > 0:21:40- It's estimated - that 100,000 artificial trees...
0:21:40 > 0:21:43- ..over 600 hectares...
0:21:43 > 0:21:48- ..would be enough - to deal with the carbon dioxide...
0:21:48 > 0:21:52- ..emitted from every vehicle - in the United Kingdom.
0:21:52 > 0:21:56- What happens to the carbon dioxide - that's been absorbed?
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- The carbon dioxide - is collected and stored.
0:22:00 > 0:22:05- It can be converted into pellets - for industrial processes.
0:22:06 > 0:22:09- It can be used - in the food industry.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12- The food and drinks industries...
0:22:12 > 0:22:15- ..can utilize carbon dioxide - as fertilizer.
0:22:16 > 0:22:19- As an institution, - we've accepted the fact...
0:22:19 > 0:22:22- ..that this is not - a long-term solution.
0:22:22 > 0:22:28- It allows us time to consider a way - of producing low-carbon energy.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33- That's our role as engineers.
0:22:33 > 0:22:38- We use the science available - to solve the world's problems.
0:22:41 > 0:22:45- I return to my parents' home - in Pembrokeshire...
0:22:45 > 0:22:49- ..where I learnt to respect nature - and do the little things...
0:22:50 > 0:22:51- ..for a safe future.
0:22:58 > 0:23:02- What I've learnt on my travels - is that climate change is happening.
0:23:02 > 0:23:06- It's already affecting people - all over the world.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10- The response of those who are - already facing the challenge...
0:23:10 > 0:23:15- ..has inspired me and we've - a lot to learn from their efforts.
0:23:20 > 0:23:24- In my opinion, each one of us - will face the climate challenge...
0:23:25 > 0:23:27- ..some time in the future.
0:23:27 > 0:23:31- Hopefully we'll have - the same determination to change...
0:23:31 > 0:23:37- ..as the natives of Greenland and - the Maldives before it's too late.
0:23:54 > 0:23:56- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:23:56 > 0:23:56- .