0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *
0:00:00 > 0:00:01- That's it from us.
0:00:02 > 0:00:06- A first look at the papers on the - BBC News channel in a few minutes...
0:00:06 > 0:00:09- ..but now it's time - for the news where you are.
0:00:10 > 0:00:14- And that's the end - of another broadcast...
0:00:14 > 0:00:17- ..here at the BBC's - main news studio in London...
0:00:18 > 0:00:21- ..watched by around five million - viewers in Wales, England...
0:00:22 > 0:00:24- ..Northern Ireland and Scotland.
0:00:24 > 0:00:27- The location of the studio - speaks volumes.
0:00:28 > 0:00:32- In the heart of London, - the capital of the United Kingdom.
0:00:32 > 0:00:37- However, the unity of that kingdom - is a contentious issue nowadays.
0:00:38 > 0:00:43- The heart of London is where - the BBC's new news headquarters...
0:00:43 > 0:00:48- ..and the headquarters of Britain's - influential companies are situated.
0:00:49 > 0:00:53- It's been home to millions of people - over the centuries...
0:00:53 > 0:00:59- ..including the Welsh, and the story - of the London Welsh is intriguing.
0:00:59 > 0:01:04- Over five centuries, from Henry - Tudor and his Welsh soldiers...
0:01:04 > 0:01:07- ..to the age of the drovers...
0:01:07 > 0:01:10- ..and the garden girls.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12- From literature societies...
0:01:12 > 0:01:15- ..the Gorsedd of the Bards - on Primrose Hill...
0:01:16 > 0:01:20- ..the army of dairymen - and the busy urban chapels...
0:01:20 > 0:01:22- ..to the bustling city today.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25- It's a story - which sparks the imagination.
0:01:27 > 0:01:32- In this series, we'll convey - some of that hustle and bustle...
0:01:32 > 0:01:35- ..and explain - the influence of the Welsh...
0:01:35 > 0:01:38- ..on one of the world's - major cities...
0:01:38 > 0:01:41- ..and London's influence - on the Welsh.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45- The story of the London Welsh - is relevant to everyone in Wales.
0:02:09 > 0:02:13- This is undoubtedly - the best place to begin the story.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17- On the banks of the Thames, within - the walls of the Tower of London...
0:02:18 > 0:02:22- ..that has served as a royal palace - and a prison down the centuries.
0:02:23 > 0:02:27- The construction of the White Tower - began 1,000 years ago.
0:02:27 > 0:02:31- Many unfortunate Welsh people - have been incarcerated here.
0:02:31 > 0:02:34- Among them - was Gruffydd ap Llywelyn...
0:02:34 > 0:02:36- ..the son of Llywelyn the Great - of Gwynedd.
0:02:37 > 0:02:41- The cell lies beyond the windows - that have been filled in with stone.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45- On St David's Day 1244...
0:02:46 > 0:02:50- ..he attempted to escape - but fell to his death.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00- This is the Traitors' Gate...
0:03:00 > 0:03:04- ..the tower's main entrance - for prisoners...
0:03:04 > 0:03:07- ..many of whom - were prominent Welshmen.
0:03:07 > 0:03:09- This is the Bloody Tower...
0:03:09 > 0:03:13- ..which once again reminds us - of this place's gruesome history.
0:03:13 > 0:03:16- But during the 15th century...
0:03:16 > 0:03:19- ..the relationship - between the Welsh...
0:03:19 > 0:03:22- ..and England's Royal Family - is transformed.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26- A new king - becomes boss of this enormous place.
0:03:26 > 0:03:29- Who is he? Henry Tudor.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32- A young man of Welsh descent.
0:03:32 > 0:03:35- Well, partly Welsh.
0:03:39 > 0:03:43- Born in Pembroke Castle and - a descendant of Anglesey's Tudors...
0:03:43 > 0:03:47- ..Henry travelled across Wales - in 1485...
0:03:47 > 0:03:52- ..en route to battle Richard III - at Bosworth Field.
0:03:52 > 0:03:57- Having won the battle and the crown, - Henry Tudor became Henry VII...
0:03:58 > 0:04:02- ..and came to the Tower of London - to celebrate his victory.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05- It became his home - for some time too.
0:04:06 > 0:04:10- Henry's arrival - had an electrifying effect...
0:04:10 > 0:04:12- ..on the status of the London Welsh.
0:04:13 > 0:04:17- After all, a third of Henry's army - at Bosworth were Welsh.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19- This heralded major change.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23- The London Welsh went - from being a group of enemies...
0:04:23 > 0:04:25- ..to a group who were accepted.
0:04:26 > 0:04:30- Accepted, that is, under the terms - of the English establishment.
0:04:40 > 0:04:45- We have to remember that - he wasn't a fully-fledged Welshman.
0:04:45 > 0:04:50- He had English - and French blood in him too.
0:04:50 > 0:04:54- But he was interested - in his Welsh lineage.
0:04:54 > 0:04:59- His associations with Wales - originated in Penmynydd, Anglesey.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02- At Bosworth, he was very keen...
0:05:02 > 0:05:05- ..to show his affiliations - with Wales...
0:05:05 > 0:05:10- ..by flying the red dragon of - Cadwaladr, a seventh-century king.
0:05:10 > 0:05:15- The new king - was mindful of the Welsh support.
0:05:15 > 0:05:18- He appointed a Welshman - as his personal physician.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- He paid his nurse - at Pembroke Castle a pension.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25- Legend has it - that she taught him Welsh.
0:05:25 > 0:05:30- He established his own personal - guards - the Yeoman of the Guard.
0:05:31 > 0:05:35- By the end of his days, - one in every four guards...
0:05:35 > 0:05:39- ..who wore the striking red uniform - was a Welshman.
0:05:39 > 0:05:41- For the first time in history...
0:05:41 > 0:05:45- ..the Welsh had status - within the Royal court.
0:05:46 > 0:05:51- Like any new government who comes - to power, the first thing it does...
0:05:51 > 0:05:55- ..is employ its own officials - in positions of power.
0:05:55 > 0:05:58- Trustworthy people.
0:05:58 > 0:06:02- They were predominantly positions - within the court.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04- They weren't prominent roles...
0:06:04 > 0:06:07- ..but they were roles...
0:06:07 > 0:06:12- ..which showed that Henry - was willing to reward the Welsh...
0:06:12 > 0:06:14- ..who had assisted him.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18- They were called - the Yeomen of the Guard.
0:06:18 > 0:06:21- Some of them - were Welsh-speaking Welshmen.
0:06:30 > 0:06:34- One of Henry Tudor's - main qualities was his might.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38- The kind of might - Tower Bridge conveys today.
0:06:39 > 0:06:44- Much nonsense was written - about Henry VII by Welsh poets...
0:06:44 > 0:06:46- ..among them Sion Tudur...
0:06:46 > 0:06:50- ..who claimed that Henry Tudor - had liberated the Welsh.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56- "Fair Henry, our long lasting joy
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- "The one who set us free
0:06:59 > 0:07:02- "Good was it for Wales all his life
0:07:02 > 0:07:05- "That the man of Gwynedd - was crowned."
0:07:06 > 0:07:12- Some historians claim that Henry - achieved very little in Wales...
0:07:12 > 0:07:16- ..though he had Welsh blood - flowing through his veins.
0:07:16 > 0:07:18- Having said that...
0:07:18 > 0:07:24- ..we could say that he contributed - all he could for Wales.
0:07:24 > 0:07:29- It doesn't appear much - because, after all...
0:07:29 > 0:07:33- ..he had enough to do in England.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37- To establish himself - as the monarch, for example.
0:07:48 > 0:07:50- At the rear of Westminster Abbey...
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- ..is a symbol - of Henry Tudor's power and wealth.
0:07:56 > 0:08:00- Choosing a resting place - in an important place of worship...
0:08:01 > 0:08:06- ..was vital to show that Henry's - sovereignty was worthy...
0:08:06 > 0:08:09- ..though he had seized - the English crown in battle.
0:08:10 > 0:08:15- He used all kinds of symbols - to emphasize his lineage's might.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20- This is one of London's wonders.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- This is Henry VII's chapel - in Westminster Abbey.
0:08:25 > 0:08:27- This is the resting place...
0:08:27 > 0:08:31- ..of Henry Tudor and his wife, - Elizabeth of York.
0:08:31 > 0:08:33- The chapel is spectacular.
0:08:33 > 0:08:37- It's full of symbols of Royal power.
0:08:37 > 0:08:39- If you look closely...
0:08:39 > 0:08:44- ..you'll notice - that the red dragon is everywhere.
0:08:44 > 0:08:48- But these - aren't symbols of Welshness.
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- They're symbols - of the Tudors' influence and power.
0:09:03 > 0:09:06- Henry and his descendants' reign...
0:09:06 > 0:09:09- ..affected the lives - of the London Welsh.
0:09:09 > 0:09:14- The Welsh aristocracy were delighted - with his ascent to the throne.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22- During the reign of his son, - Henry VIII...
0:09:22 > 0:09:24- ..and his granddaughter, - Elizabeth I...
0:09:25 > 0:09:31- ..the Welsh accounted for between - 1% and 7% of London's population.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35- The Welsh had certainly arrived.
0:09:37 > 0:09:43- The notion that being in London - was the way to thrive socially...
0:09:44 > 0:09:47- ..was as important - as thriving politically.
0:09:49 > 0:09:51- This is evident...
0:09:51 > 0:09:55- ..at the beginning - of the 16th century.
0:09:55 > 0:10:01- It goes to show - that Henry supported this view.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07- But Wales' relationship - with the Tudor dynasty...
0:10:08 > 0:10:10- ..wasn't without its problems.
0:10:10 > 0:10:16- During Henry VIII's reign, - the Act of Union was introduced.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21- Its author was the prime minister, - Thomas Cromwell.
0:10:21 > 0:10:24- This was an anti-Welsh document...
0:10:24 > 0:10:28- ..that would undermine - Wales' language and identity.
0:10:29 > 0:10:33- According to others, one of - the most influential figures...
0:10:33 > 0:10:37- ..in terms of the Welsh language - was Queen Elizabeth I.
0:10:38 > 0:10:41- In 1563, - she introduced legislation...
0:10:41 > 0:10:45- ..that would secure - a Welsh translation of the Bible...
0:10:45 > 0:10:47- ..for every church in Wales...
0:10:48 > 0:10:52- ..providing official status - for the Welsh language.
0:10:52 > 0:10:54- Unintentionally, of course.
0:10:56 > 0:10:59- William Morgan, - the clergyman from Penmachno...
0:11:00 > 0:11:03- ..was tasked with translating - the Bible into Welsh.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07- Like all the earliest Welsh books - that were printed...
0:11:07 > 0:11:12- ..William Morgan's Bible - was published in London.
0:11:12 > 0:11:16- For an entire year, the translator - of the Welsh Bible stayed here...
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- ..at Westminster Abbey - to oversee the publishing.
0:11:21 > 0:11:25- Bishop William Morgan - would cross this yard every day.
0:11:25 > 0:11:30- By the way, this place - hasn't changed in five centuries.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- He was here at the behest - of the Dean of Westminster...
0:11:34 > 0:11:36- ..Gabriel Goodman.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41- Here, in the heart of London, - the Welsh Bible was perfected.
0:11:46 > 0:11:51- Gabriel Goodman hailed from Ruthin, - the son of a wealthy merchant.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55- After studying at Cambridge, he - began his career with the Church...
0:11:56 > 0:11:59- ..which would eventually - lead him to London...
0:11:59 > 0:12:03- ..firstly to St Paul's Cathedral - and then to Westminster.
0:12:05 > 0:12:09- Upon his return to Ruthin, - he founded a grammar school.
0:12:09 > 0:12:15- He had already translated the First - Book of Corinthians into Welsh...
0:12:15 > 0:12:17- ..twenty years - before Morgan arrived.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- One of today's London Welsh - is an assistant...
0:12:25 > 0:12:28- ..to the current - Dean of Westminster Abbey.
0:12:28 > 0:12:33- Non Vaughan O'Hagan has acquired - the abbey library's original copy...
0:12:33 > 0:12:38- ..of William Morgan's Bible, which - was a gift from the author himself.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43- It's always a thrill - to see William Morgan's Bible.
0:12:44 > 0:12:46- Why is it here in Westminster?
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- William Morgan presented it - to the abbey as a gift.
0:12:50 > 0:12:53- To Gabriel Goodman specifically...
0:12:54 > 0:12:57- ..because it was - in Goodman's deanery...
0:12:58 > 0:13:03- ..that he stayed while the book - was being printed in London.
0:13:03 > 0:13:05- Why did he stay there?
0:13:06 > 0:13:10- It's believed that the Archbishop - of Canterbury, John Whitgift...
0:13:10 > 0:13:13- ..invited him - to stay at Lambeth Palace...
0:13:14 > 0:13:19- ..but he didn't want to cross - the river twice a day to St Paul's.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23- The Bible was printed - in a specific printing house...
0:13:23 > 0:13:26- ..which had a special licence - to print bibles.
0:13:26 > 0:13:29- As we look at this page...
0:13:29 > 0:13:31- ..which is very, very famous...
0:13:32 > 0:13:35- ..there's a signature - right at the bottom.
0:13:35 > 0:13:37- Who was Jaspar Gryffyth?
0:13:38 > 0:13:41- Gabriel Goodman - surrounded himself with people...
0:13:41 > 0:13:43- ..who had an interest in Welsh.
0:13:43 > 0:13:48- Not only William Morgan, but also - the Anglican Jaspar Gryffyth.
0:13:48 > 0:13:52- He realized the importance - of his Welsh identity.
0:13:52 > 0:13:56- His career had been influenced - by Gabriel Goodman...
0:13:57 > 0:14:01- ..and Gabriel Goodman, in turn, - had some influence on this Bible.
0:14:01 > 0:14:04- It's important that we consider...
0:14:04 > 0:14:08- ..the influence of this Bible, - not only in terms of religion...
0:14:09 > 0:14:12- ..but also in terms - of Wales' language and culture.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- William Morgan realized - the importance of having a Bible...
0:14:17 > 0:14:19- ..in a standardized language.
0:14:19 > 0:14:23- Welsh that was poetic, smooth...
0:14:23 > 0:14:26- ..with no dialect - or verbal language...
0:14:26 > 0:14:30- ..but a standardized version, - and it has survived to this day.
0:14:31 > 0:14:33- It created a standardized Welsh...
0:14:33 > 0:14:38- ..so that everyone could read - the Bible in their own language.
0:14:38 > 0:14:41- Yes, and during - a significant period too.
0:14:42 > 0:14:46- Elizabeth was the monarch, - but she was keen to ensure...
0:14:46 > 0:14:51- ..that Protestantism - was the country's religion...
0:14:51 > 0:14:54- ..and not the Catholicism of old.
0:14:55 > 0:15:00- It was very important to empathize - with religion in this country.
0:15:00 > 0:15:04- She was willing to compromise - and have a book written in Welsh...
0:15:05 > 0:15:07- ..that would be - a standardized Bible.
0:15:07 > 0:15:09- It's very ironic, isn't it?
0:15:09 > 0:15:13- This Bible saved the Welsh language.
0:15:13 > 0:15:15- But that wasn't the intention.
0:15:15 > 0:15:16- But that wasn't the intention.- - No, it wasn't.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19- During the Tudor period...
0:15:20 > 0:15:24- ..the Church provided careers - for many Welsh luminaries.
0:15:24 > 0:15:27- In the case of William Morgan - and his supporters...
0:15:28 > 0:15:32- ..his outstanding achievement - would influence generations to come.
0:15:34 > 0:15:34- .
0:15:40 > 0:15:40- Subtitles
0:15:40 > 0:15:42- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:15:58 > 0:16:02- While William Morgan, - translator of the Welsh Bible...
0:16:02 > 0:16:07- ..resided at Westminster Abbey - in 1588, a swathe of Welsh people...
0:16:07 > 0:16:11- ..were being trained as lawyers - at the famous Inns of Court.
0:16:13 > 0:16:17- It was an opportunity for the sons - of Wales' wealthy families...
0:16:18 > 0:16:21- ..to come to London and train - as clergymen or lawyers.
0:16:24 > 0:16:29- And the Welsh legal tradition - still thrives in London to this day.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- This was the destination...
0:16:34 > 0:16:39- ..for hundreds of young Welshmen - from the Middle Ages onwards.
0:16:39 > 0:16:44- This is the ancient Lincoln's Inn, - the oldest of the Inns of Court.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48- This is where young lawyers - were trained.
0:16:48 > 0:16:52- Studying the list of names, - one name in particular stands out.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54- Owain Glyndwr.
0:16:54 > 0:16:59- Yes, the Prince of Wales - received his legal training here...
0:16:59 > 0:17:03- ..at the heart - of the English establishment.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07- Over the centuries, - generations of Welsh people...
0:17:07 > 0:17:12- ..have come to London to make - their mark on the legal world...
0:17:12 > 0:17:17- ..and been elevated to some - of the most influential positions.
0:17:17 > 0:17:20- There are four Inns of Court.
0:17:21 > 0:17:24- Middle Temple, Inner Temple, - Lincoln's Inn and Gray's Inn.
0:17:24 > 0:17:29- The Welsh have gravitated towards - Gray's Inn throughout the centuries.
0:17:29 > 0:17:31- It was natural for them to go.
0:17:32 > 0:17:35- Not only the eldest sons...
0:17:35 > 0:17:40- ..but if the family was wealthy, - then all the sons would go.
0:17:41 > 0:17:45- It was customary for the aristocracy - to attend the Inns of Court...
0:17:45 > 0:17:47- ..as part of their education.
0:17:47 > 0:17:52- There weren't universities - other than Oxbridge back then.
0:17:52 > 0:17:58- Of course, - being a lawyer or a barrister...
0:17:58 > 0:18:01- ..was a profitable profession - and it made them rich.
0:18:02 > 0:18:05- At one time, if you wanted - to take silk, you came to London.
0:18:05 > 0:18:09- You don't have to nowadays - but many still come.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12- The bench nowadays - is full of Welsh people.
0:18:16 > 0:18:20- While young Welshmen come to make - their mark on the legal world...
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- ..the Old Bailey's court records - show that many others...
0:18:24 > 0:18:28- ..pursued a less favourable path.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31- Documents show - that the London Welsh...
0:18:31 > 0:18:35- ..have been involved - in their share of offending.
0:18:35 > 0:18:38- The punishment for theft was severe.
0:18:38 > 0:18:42- Stealing only a small sum of money - was punishable by hanging.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46- The reason why people stole - is very interesting.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49- People assume - the main reason is poverty.
0:18:49 > 0:18:52- They steal because they're poor.
0:18:52 > 0:18:56- But I've discovered that though - many London Welsh were poor...
0:18:57 > 0:19:01- ..very few said they stole - because they were poor.
0:19:02 > 0:19:04- Many crimes were opportunistic.
0:19:04 > 0:19:07- They saw something they wanted - and tried their luck.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10- A lot of that went on.
0:19:13 > 0:19:17- Throughout the centuries, - many people were hanged in Tyburn...
0:19:18 > 0:19:20- ..where there were - special gallows...
0:19:21 > 0:19:24- ..to hang more than one - at the same time.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28- The site is now marked - by a commemorative plaque...
0:19:28 > 0:19:32- ..at the side of the main road - near Marble Arch.
0:19:32 > 0:19:36- But one Welshman, - John Davis from Pembrokeshire...
0:19:36 > 0:19:39- ..a blacksmith - who became a highway robber...
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- ..tried to escape - his gruesome sentence.
0:19:43 > 0:19:47- On the day of his execution, - he was transported in a cart...
0:19:47 > 0:19:49- ..from Newgate to Tyburn.
0:19:49 > 0:19:54- He wasn't strong enough to stand. - People had to hold him up.
0:19:54 > 0:19:59- "At the place of execution, - John Davis seemed very sick...
0:19:59 > 0:20:02- "..as if he'd been - scarce able to speak.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06- "The morning of his execution, - he was carried on a man's back...
0:20:06 > 0:20:11- "..and two or three men dragged him - into the cart like a dead lump.
0:20:11 > 0:20:16- "Out of compassion, they did not - tie his hands fast together."
0:20:16 > 0:20:20- The guard decided - not to tie his hands in the cart...
0:20:20 > 0:20:22- ..thinking he wasn't going anywhere.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25- But he jumped out and escaped.
0:20:25 > 0:20:30- I suspect he'd been - planning his escape for weeks.
0:20:31 > 0:20:35- "He put his foot to the side of - the cart, took hold of the spoke...
0:20:35 > 0:20:39- "..and jumped over among the crowd - in the twinkling of an eye."
0:20:39 > 0:20:42- Many in the crowd were delighted...
0:20:42 > 0:20:45- ..and tried to prevent people - catching him.
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- "The officers and spectators - were surprised and astonished.
0:20:50 > 0:20:52- "Some of the people - favouring his escape.
0:20:53 > 0:20:55- "He ran very fast - till he got over a field.
0:20:56 > 0:21:00- "But the officers, pursuing hard, - overtook him and brought back.
0:21:00 > 0:21:04- "Two or three men - holding and pushing him forward...
0:21:04 > 0:21:08- "..with his coat off, his shirt - and other clothes all torn.
0:21:09 > 0:21:12- "Nothing on his head, - and in this dismal condition...
0:21:12 > 0:21:15- "..they hurried him into the cart."
0:21:15 > 0:21:19- There's plenty of evidence - about the London Welsh elite...
0:21:20 > 0:21:23- ..but for the highest percentage, - the paupers...
0:21:23 > 0:21:26- ..there's very little information - about them.
0:21:26 > 0:21:31- The Old Bailey's records provide an - insight into their lives in London.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45- At the beginning - of the 17th century...
0:21:45 > 0:21:48- ..the city of London - saw rapid growth.
0:21:48 > 0:21:52- There were opportunities - for the sons of Wales' landowners...
0:21:53 > 0:21:56- ..to make their mark - in prominent fields.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59- Opportunities that weren't available - in rural Wales.
0:22:02 > 0:22:07- London was very attractive in terms - of employment and opportunity...
0:22:08 > 0:22:12- ..but in terms of sanitation - and health, it was a dangerous city.
0:22:12 > 0:22:15- Disease and sickness - were everywhere.
0:22:15 > 0:22:20- But thanks to the vision and efforts - of one particular Welshman...
0:22:20 > 0:22:22- ..the situation changed.
0:22:22 > 0:22:26- We have to come to Finsbury Park - to understand why.
0:22:29 > 0:22:33- For the people of London, - clean water was hard to come by.
0:22:34 > 0:22:38- They relied on rivers and natural - wells for their water supply.
0:22:39 > 0:22:41- People even sold water - on the streets.
0:22:45 > 0:22:48- This was the scene - that greeted Hugh Myddelton...
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- ..the youngest son of Denbighshire's - member of parliament.
0:22:52 > 0:22:56- He was an entrepreneur - and worked in many different fields.
0:22:56 > 0:23:00- He made his mark - by building a new river...
0:23:00 > 0:23:03- ..to bring clean water - into the centre of London.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06- Consider the nature of the task.
0:23:07 > 0:23:11- The new river brought water from - Hertfordshire to the city of London.
0:23:12 > 0:23:16- It took five years to complete - the 38-mile-long channel.
0:23:17 > 0:23:21- The residents of London - were grateful to Hugh Myddelton...
0:23:21 > 0:23:23- ..for performing a miracle.
0:23:26 > 0:23:32- Plans to build a new river - to supply clean water to London...
0:23:32 > 0:23:35- ..had been in the offing - for some time.
0:23:36 > 0:23:39- But it was Hugh Myddelton - who secured the money...
0:23:39 > 0:23:41- ..and led the engineering work.
0:23:44 > 0:23:49- The New River Company - made very little profit...
0:23:49 > 0:23:54- ..during Hugh Myddelton's lifetime, - but within two centuries...
0:23:54 > 0:23:58- ..the company was a leading - financial force in London.
0:23:58 > 0:24:01- Even today, - part of the river is used...
0:24:02 > 0:24:06- ..to supply water - to the residents of the capital.
0:24:08 > 0:24:12- The people of London - were indebted to Hugh Myddelton.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14- He was made a baron.
0:24:15 > 0:24:20- A commemorative statue of him - was erected on Islington Green...
0:24:20 > 0:24:22- ..near the end of the new river.
0:24:23 > 0:24:26- One memorial - wasn't enough for such a feat.
0:24:26 > 0:24:29- There's another statue of him - on the Royal Exchange.
0:24:29 > 0:24:34- Many locations across the city - have been named after him.
0:24:34 > 0:24:39- From Myddelton Square, - Myddelton Avenue, Myddelton Road...
0:24:39 > 0:24:43- ..to an eponymous primary school - and secondary school...
0:24:44 > 0:24:49- ..Hugh Myddelton's contribution - is still evident today on city maps.
0:24:54 > 0:24:54- .
0:24:58 > 0:24:58- Subtitles
0:24:58 > 0:25:00- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:25:04 > 0:25:08- In the ensuing centuries - after the reign of the Tudors...
0:25:08 > 0:25:12- ..the roads to London - for Wales' nobility...
0:25:13 > 0:25:15- ..were clear enough.
0:25:16 > 0:25:21- By the 18th century, the elite had - established themselves in the city.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24- A cultural renaissance was afoot.
0:25:29 > 0:25:33- During this time, coffee houses - were opening across London.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36- They were places - to discuss the day's major issues.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40- The Welsh wanted - to be part of the commotion...
0:25:41 > 0:25:43- ..so they established - special societies.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47- The origins - of the first society can be seen...
0:25:47 > 0:25:50- ..in the heart - of the city's theatre district.
0:25:59 > 0:26:02- In order to understand - the lives of the London Welsh...
0:26:03 > 0:26:06- ..in the early 18th century, - one must come here.
0:26:06 > 0:26:08- St Paul's Church, Covent Garden.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11- It's now known - as the Actors' Church.
0:26:11 > 0:26:14- It was here, - on St David's Day 1715...
0:26:14 > 0:26:18- ..that the very first Welsh sermon - was preached in London...
0:26:19 > 0:26:22- ..or at least - the first recorded Welsh sermon.
0:26:23 > 0:26:27- It was also here that the Society - of Ancient Britons was established.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31- It was the first - of the famous societies...
0:26:31 > 0:26:34- ..that would transform - Wales' cultural life.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44- Many Welsh people - came to London...
0:26:45 > 0:26:48- ..at the end of the 18th century - and the early 19th century.
0:26:49 > 0:26:51- It was customary during that era...
0:26:51 > 0:26:54- ..for men - to frequent coffee houses...
0:26:54 > 0:26:57- ..to read the newspapers and so on.
0:26:57 > 0:27:03- The Welsh became part - of that scene in the capital.
0:27:03 > 0:27:06- The full name - of the Society of Ancient Britons...
0:27:07 > 0:27:09- ..featured the words - privileged and loyal.
0:27:10 > 0:27:15- They are the two important words - - privileged and loyal.
0:27:16 > 0:27:18- They were loyal - to the Hanoverian regime.
0:27:18 > 0:27:21- To king, country and church.
0:27:21 > 0:27:22- That was their aim.
0:27:23 > 0:27:24- They weren't the hoi polloi.
0:27:25 > 0:27:30- They were very wealthy and - were aristocrats of Welsh descent.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34- It was their aim to ensure - that the Welsh were acknowledged...
0:27:34 > 0:27:37- ..as people - who were loyal to the monarchy.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40- The term Ancient Britons...
0:27:40 > 0:27:44- ..was trying to prove - to the people of Britain...
0:27:45 > 0:27:48- ..that the Welsh - were the first inhabitants.
0:27:48 > 0:27:52- They were the first natives - of the Isle of Britain...
0:27:52 > 0:27:54- ..as far as they knew back then.
0:27:55 > 0:27:58- They needed - to emphasize to the English...
0:27:59 > 0:28:02- .."You mustn't ignore us as people.
0:28:02 > 0:28:04- "We were here first."
0:28:04 > 0:28:08- Every St David's Day - was a chance for the London Welsh...
0:28:08 > 0:28:13- ..to remind the English - that we were here first.
0:28:13 > 0:28:18- They did very little except come - together every St David's Day...
0:28:19 > 0:28:23- ..to carouse and listen to a sermon - that was usually in English.
0:28:23 > 0:28:27- Preachers came from Wales and - urged them to do something in Wales.
0:28:28 > 0:28:31- To use their wealth - to support the poor...
0:28:31 > 0:28:33- ..and establish apprenticeships.
0:28:34 > 0:28:37- But they did very little in Wales, - in actual fact.
0:28:37 > 0:28:41- Though the Ancient Britons failed - to leave their mark on Wales...
0:28:42 > 0:28:46- ..they made a vital contribution - to the lives of the London Welsh.
0:28:46 > 0:28:49- By 1715...
0:28:49 > 0:28:53- ..many prominent Welsh figures - in London...
0:28:53 > 0:28:56- ..were saddened - that Welsh people were dying...
0:28:56 > 0:28:58- ..leaving orphaned children.
0:28:59 > 0:29:04- They needed a school - and they needed apprenticeships....
0:29:04 > 0:29:07- ..to ensure a good start in life.
0:29:10 > 0:29:14- The society's biggest feat - was to establish and fund...
0:29:14 > 0:29:19- ..a charitable school for children - from poor Welsh families.
0:29:19 > 0:29:22- The school started with 12 pupils...
0:29:22 > 0:29:25- ..in the same year - as the society was formed.
0:29:25 > 0:29:31- By 1737, they'd moved - to this handsome building...
0:29:31 > 0:29:33- ..on Clerkenwell Green.
0:29:35 > 0:29:39- The Ancient Britons' annual dinner - was pleasant enough...
0:29:39 > 0:29:44- ..but they needed something - with more substance and consistency.
0:29:44 > 0:29:48- Thanks to the vision - of three brothers from Anglesey...
0:29:48 > 0:29:52- ..the Morrises, a new society - was established in 1751.
0:29:52 > 0:29:55- Y Cymmrodorion - are still with us today.
0:29:55 > 0:30:00- They met in taverns like this, - the London Stone on Cannon Street.
0:30:00 > 0:30:03- Richard Morris - was the leader in London.
0:30:03 > 0:30:06- His intention - was to educate the Welsh...
0:30:06 > 0:30:10- ..to remind them - of their rich literary tradition...
0:30:10 > 0:30:16- ..and offer guidance to the Welsh - nation from the English capital.
0:30:21 > 0:30:25- These days, the Cymmrodorion - meet in locations across London...
0:30:26 > 0:30:30- ..to listen to lectures - on a wide range of topics...
0:30:30 > 0:30:33- ..just as they did - almost 300 years ago.
0:30:36 > 0:30:39- They also publish - the annual transactions...
0:30:40 > 0:30:43- ..which include - the articles and contributions...
0:30:43 > 0:30:47- ..of one of Britain's - oldest erudite periodicals.
0:30:49 > 0:30:52- The society - also acknowledges individuals...
0:30:52 > 0:30:56- ..who have made a special - contribution to Welsh life...
0:30:56 > 0:31:00- ..as they did in the late 1960s - for TH Parry-Williams.
0:31:00 > 0:31:05- As a tribute and as a mark of - our respect and adoration for him.
0:31:05 > 0:31:11- The 18th century was a golden age - for societies and clubs in England.
0:31:11 > 0:31:15- Due to the failure - of the Society of Ancient Britons...
0:31:16 > 0:31:20- ..the Welsh were keen to form - a society of London Welsh...
0:31:20 > 0:31:22- ..who represented their ideas.
0:31:23 > 0:31:25- The middle classes - were emerging in Wales.
0:31:26 > 0:31:28- Among them - were the Morrises of Anglesey.
0:31:29 > 0:31:33- The three brothers - were predominantly responsible...
0:31:33 > 0:31:36- ..for establishing - the Cymmrodorion in London.
0:31:36 > 0:31:40- The society's current president - is Professor Prys Morgan.
0:31:40 > 0:31:45- But the first president, - until his death in 1779...
0:31:45 > 0:31:49- ..was Richard Morris, - one of three intelligent brothers...
0:31:50 > 0:31:52- ..known as the Morrises of Anglesey.
0:31:52 > 0:31:56- The third brother, Richard, - lived in London all his life.
0:31:57 > 0:32:00- He was a clerk - in the Navy's headquarters.
0:32:01 > 0:32:05- His fellow London Welsh - were very fond of Richard Morris...
0:32:05 > 0:32:07- ..because he was very generous.
0:32:07 > 0:32:13- Richard Morris was - "Our Father, who art in the Navy."
0:32:13 > 0:32:16- Richard, Lewis and William Morris...
0:32:17 > 0:32:22- ..saw the need - for a society in London...
0:32:22 > 0:32:27- ..that met on a more regular basis - and behaved more like an academy...
0:32:27 > 0:32:32- ..with lectures and seminars - on topics like the history of Wales.
0:32:32 > 0:32:36- Lewis Morris - is an incredibly interesting man.
0:32:36 > 0:32:39- He was a giant of a man - with a big belly.
0:32:39 > 0:32:44- He was known to his brothers - as 'Y Tew' (The Fat One).
0:32:44 > 0:32:46- His belly was so fat...
0:32:46 > 0:32:48- ..he looked as if he was pregnant.
0:32:49 > 0:32:53- He was an animated character, - full of ideas and energy...
0:32:53 > 0:32:56- ..despite his size.
0:32:56 > 0:33:01- Lewis was a steward for the crown - at the mineral mines in Ceredigion.
0:33:01 > 0:33:04- He spent lengthy periods - in London...
0:33:04 > 0:33:07- ..reporting back to the crown.
0:33:07 > 0:33:09- He was a very inventive soul.
0:33:09 > 0:33:12- He was responsible - for drafting the constitutions...
0:33:13 > 0:33:16- ..which were the Cymmrodorion's - work schedule in 1755.
0:33:20 > 0:33:23- Richard Morris, - the younger brother...
0:33:23 > 0:33:26- ..was the most famous - of the three in London.
0:33:26 > 0:33:30- Despite the Morrises' energy - and inspirational ideas...
0:33:30 > 0:33:34- ..getting - the Cymmrodorion's early members...
0:33:34 > 0:33:38- ..to commit to anything worthwhile - was hard work.
0:33:39 > 0:33:42- He carried - the administrative burden...
0:33:42 > 0:33:44- ..of sustaining the Cymmrodorion.
0:33:45 > 0:33:47- He had a heavy workload...
0:33:47 > 0:33:52- ..because the Cymmrodorion members - were so snobby...
0:33:52 > 0:33:55- ..so dour and so mean...
0:33:55 > 0:33:59- ..that they didn't support - Lewis Morris' vision...
0:33:59 > 0:34:03- ..of publishing Welsh books, - safeguarding manuscripts...
0:34:03 > 0:34:07- ..and ensuring - that Welsh culture was thriving.
0:34:07 > 0:34:10- The Cymmrodorion - established the model...
0:34:10 > 0:34:13- ..of a Welsh cultural society - in London.
0:34:14 > 0:34:17- But by the end - of the 18th century...
0:34:17 > 0:34:21- ..many other groups from Wales - would form in the city...
0:34:21 > 0:34:26- ..and leave their mark on the - language and culture of Wales.
0:34:27 > 0:34:27- .
0:34:30 > 0:34:30- Subtitles
0:34:30 > 0:34:32- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:34:37 > 0:34:41- The 18th century was the golden age - of cultural societies in London.
0:34:42 > 0:34:46- The Cymmrodorion - had already been set up...
0:34:46 > 0:34:50- ..the Morris brothers attempt - at creating a Welsh academy.
0:34:50 > 0:34:54- This was a society - that would re-emerge many times...
0:34:54 > 0:34:58- ..over the centuries, - and it still exists today.
0:34:59 > 0:35:03- But before the end of the century, - there were more to come.
0:35:03 > 0:35:07- Although Richard Morris, - his brothers and the Cymmrodorion...
0:35:07 > 0:35:12- ..had made a valuable contribution, - an increasing number of critics...
0:35:13 > 0:35:17- ..regarded the Cymmrodorion - as an anglicized, snobbish society.
0:35:17 > 0:35:20- An injection of gaiety was needed.
0:35:20 > 0:35:22- In 1770, a new society was formed.
0:35:22 > 0:35:26- The Gwyneddigion Society - also liked to meet in taverns.
0:35:26 > 0:35:29- But they discussed - weighty matters...
0:35:29 > 0:35:34- ..literature, politics, philosophy, - through the medium of Welsh.
0:35:34 > 0:35:37- The backbone of this new society...
0:35:37 > 0:35:40- ..was one - of the most influential figures...
0:35:40 > 0:35:42- ..in the history of Welsh culture.
0:35:42 > 0:35:44- Owain Myfyr.
0:35:44 > 0:35:49- Owen Jones, who became Owain Myfyr, - was a wealthy businessman.
0:35:49 > 0:35:54- He made his fortune as a leather - merchant in the St Paul's area.
0:35:56 > 0:35:58- Myfyr was in a prime position...
0:35:59 > 0:36:02- ..to fund the work - of this new cultural society.
0:36:02 > 0:36:06- Owain Myfyr was very affluent.
0:36:07 > 0:36:10- He was the president - of the Cymmrodorion...
0:36:10 > 0:36:12- ..and later, the Gwyneddigion.
0:36:12 > 0:36:16- He was a very important man - and incredibly influential.
0:36:16 > 0:36:19- He was the Tony Soprano...
0:36:19 > 0:36:23- ..of the Welsh Mafiosi - in London at the time!
0:36:23 > 0:36:28- He was wealthy and used his money - for cultural purposes.
0:36:32 > 0:36:37- There was plenty of fun to be had - in the Gwyneddigion meetings.
0:36:37 > 0:36:42- But unlike other cultural societies - founded earlier in the century...
0:36:43 > 0:36:47- ..the Gwyneddigion - published literary anthologies...
0:36:47 > 0:36:51- ..which contributed greatly - to Welsh culture.
0:36:51 > 0:36:57- A stone's throw from Owain Myfyr's - workshop on Thames Street...
0:36:57 > 0:37:01- ..which is a busy road these days, - is All Hallows Church.
0:37:02 > 0:37:04- It was here - that Owain Myfyr was buried.
0:37:04 > 0:37:08- He's here somewhere - but his headstone was removed.
0:37:08 > 0:37:13- It was taken to Llanfihangel Glyn - Myfyr in 1951 by the Cymmrodorion.
0:37:13 > 0:37:16- They wanted to emphasize - his contribution.
0:37:16 > 0:37:19- It's thanks to Owain Myfyr - and the Gwyneddigion...
0:37:19 > 0:37:24- ..that Dafydd ap Gwilym's work - was published for the first time...
0:37:24 > 0:37:27- ..along with a body - of medieval work.
0:37:31 > 0:37:35- Publishing - Dafydd ap Gwilym's work in 1768...
0:37:35 > 0:37:38- ..was part of a wider campaign - by the Gwyneddigion.
0:37:38 > 0:37:41- The Gwyneddigion were intent...
0:37:41 > 0:37:44- ..on helping Welsh culture - back in Wales.
0:37:45 > 0:37:47- That was one of the biggest changes.
0:37:47 > 0:37:51- By the 1780s, they were keen - to see a renaissance...
0:37:51 > 0:37:54- ..in the culture - they embraced here in London.
0:37:55 > 0:37:58- They wanted to revive Welsh culture - back in Wales.
0:38:00 > 0:38:03- Although the Gwyneddigion - focused on Welsh culture...
0:38:04 > 0:38:08- ..they also enjoyed socializing, - drinking, singing...
0:38:08 > 0:38:10- ..and playing the harp.
0:38:10 > 0:38:15- The Welsh language had a more - respectable place in society now.
0:38:16 > 0:38:20- They were called the Gwyneddigion - because most came from Gwynedd.
0:38:21 > 0:38:26- They were people from a much lower - class than the Cymmrodorion members.
0:38:26 > 0:38:31- They were much jollier, more lively - and much more interesting.
0:38:32 > 0:38:34- They were people who liked drinking.
0:38:35 > 0:38:39- They liked smoking - and held smoking competitions.
0:38:39 > 0:38:43- They were very fond - of swearing and ribaldry.
0:38:44 > 0:38:46- Men like John Jones Glan-y-gors...
0:38:46 > 0:38:49- ..and Dafydd Samuel, - who had been in the South Seas...
0:38:49 > 0:38:52- ..and witnessed - Captain Cook's murder.
0:38:52 > 0:38:53- Men who had tales to tell.
0:38:56 > 0:39:00- Owain Myfyr was the first president - of the Gwyneddigion.
0:39:01 > 0:39:03- He was something of a tyrant.
0:39:03 > 0:39:06- He attracted many prominent figures - to the society.
0:39:06 > 0:39:09- Not everyone was from North Wales.
0:39:10 > 0:39:12- Owain Myfyr was a very generous man.
0:39:13 > 0:39:16- Many took advantage - of his generosity...
0:39:16 > 0:39:20- ..one of whom was Edward Williams, - or Iolo Morganwg.
0:39:21 > 0:39:25- He spent a lengthy time in London, - promoting revolutionary ideas...
0:39:25 > 0:39:28- ..like the Gorsedd of the Bards.
0:39:28 > 0:39:31- Iolo was a colourful - but contentious genius.
0:39:34 > 0:39:37- Owain Myfyr - was Iolo Morganwg's patron.
0:39:37 > 0:39:40- Like other members - of the Gwyneddigion...
0:39:40 > 0:39:45- ..Iolo was inspired by the ideology - of the French Revolution.
0:39:45 > 0:39:47- He campaigned against war...
0:39:47 > 0:39:51- ..slavery, high taxes - and political oppression.
0:39:51 > 0:39:55- He called himself - the Poet of Freedom.
0:39:56 > 0:40:01- The product of his imagination - and, possibly, of his drug taking...
0:40:02 > 0:40:04- ..was the Gorsedd of the Bards...
0:40:04 > 0:40:09- ..and the ceremonies that are now - integral to the National Eisteddfod.
0:40:09 > 0:40:12- Iolo was very fond of Owain Myfyr.
0:40:12 > 0:40:16- He regarded him as a charitable, - kind and interesting man.
0:40:17 > 0:40:22- He described him as - "a man without peer in the world".
0:40:22 > 0:40:27- The reason for that is because - Owain Myfyr would give him 10...
0:40:27 > 0:40:29- ..and occasionally 20...
0:40:30 > 0:40:33- ..so that he could pursue - his literary interests...
0:40:34 > 0:40:37- ..and produce work for him, - and Iolo obliged.
0:40:37 > 0:40:43- But in time, the relationship - between Iolo and Owain turned sour.
0:40:43 > 0:40:45- Unbeknown to anyone...
0:40:45 > 0:40:49- ..Iolo had been including - his own fake literary work...
0:40:49 > 0:40:52- ..in the Gwyneddigion's - publications.
0:40:52 > 0:40:55- Although Owain Myfyr - suspected him...
0:40:55 > 0:40:58- ..it all boiled down to money - in the end.
0:40:58 > 0:41:02- The relationship cooled off - during the 1790s...
0:41:02 > 0:41:08- ..because Owain Myfyr suspected - Iolo of producing forgeries.
0:41:08 > 0:41:13- He also thought he was using - his money to promote Unitarianism.
0:41:13 > 0:41:17- On the other hand, Iolo Morganwg - thought Owain had betrayed him...
0:41:18 > 0:41:22- ..and forgotten about his promise - to pay him an annual pension.
0:41:23 > 0:41:27- The pair quarrelled - and never made up.
0:41:28 > 0:41:30- Iolo never forgave anyone.
0:41:30 > 0:41:33- He called Owain Myfyr - the Grand Deceiver.
0:41:33 > 0:41:37- That's rich, coming from Iolo, - who knew how to deceive people!
0:41:39 > 0:41:41- Despite their quarrels...
0:41:41 > 0:41:46- ..Iolo went on to establish one - of Wales' most vital institutions...
0:41:46 > 0:41:49- ..and our first national body.
0:41:49 > 0:41:52- He did that - on this hill in north London.
0:41:53 > 0:41:55- This is the best place to come...
0:41:55 > 0:42:00- ..for those who want - a spectacular view of London.
0:42:00 > 0:42:02- It's easy to understand...
0:42:02 > 0:42:07- ..why Iolo Morganwg - came to Primrose Hill in 1792...
0:42:07 > 0:42:11- ..to hold an important event in - the history of the London Welsh...
0:42:11 > 0:42:14- ..and in the history - of Welsh culture.
0:42:14 > 0:42:18- It was here that the Gorsedd - of the Bards was created.
0:42:19 > 0:42:22- Iolo Morganwg - was ahead of his time.
0:42:22 > 0:42:26- He was aware of the need - for Welsh institutions nationally.
0:42:26 > 0:42:31- Almost a century before others - started similar campaigns...
0:42:31 > 0:42:35- ..Iolo demanded a national library, - a national museum...
0:42:35 > 0:42:38- ..and a Welsh university for Wales.
0:42:38 > 0:42:41- When the Gorsedd of the Bards - was founded...
0:42:41 > 0:42:45- ..it was regarded as Wales' - first national institution.
0:42:45 > 0:42:50- Establishing it in London - was part of his purposeful plan.
0:42:50 > 0:42:53- It would ensure - that the Gorsedd, and Iolo...
0:42:54 > 0:42:57- ..would attract - as much attention as possible.
0:43:00 > 0:43:02- Today, a special memorial...
0:43:03 > 0:43:06- ..commemorates Iolo's achievement - on Primrose Hill.
0:43:07 > 0:43:09- It's the culmination - of years of hard work...
0:43:09 > 0:43:13- ..for Rhian Medi, - one of today's London Welsh.
0:43:14 > 0:43:19- Why are you - so interested in Iolo Morganwg?
0:43:19 > 0:43:23- It probably stems - from my childhood...
0:43:23 > 0:43:27- ..when I competed at eisteddfodau - at a young age.
0:43:27 > 0:43:30- I won the Llwyd o'r Bryn award...
0:43:30 > 0:43:34- ..and I became - a member of the Gorsedd.
0:43:35 > 0:43:39- Now that I live in London, - this place is very dear to me.
0:43:40 > 0:43:44- I spend many a weekend - on this lovely hill.
0:43:44 > 0:43:47- It seemed a pity - there was no memorial here.
0:43:48 > 0:43:50- Was it a struggle?
0:43:50 > 0:43:53- Yes, it was. It took me five years.
0:43:53 > 0:43:58- I tried to seek public support - as well as financial support.
0:43:58 > 0:44:02- I also had to win over - the Royal Parks.
0:44:03 > 0:44:05- It was quite a challenge...
0:44:05 > 0:44:10- ..bearing in mind - that Iolo himself was a republican!
0:44:10 > 0:44:11- Of course!
0:44:11 > 0:44:13- That's an element in the story.
0:44:13 > 0:44:17- Many who realized that - took a big gulp, I'm sure!
0:44:17 > 0:44:21- The fact that you succeeded - is a remarkable achievement.
0:44:21 > 0:44:25- As we all know, - memorials are rare in these parks.
0:44:25 > 0:44:30- When Elfyn Llwyd and I - met the Parks' chief executive...
0:44:30 > 0:44:33- ..he told us - that his answer was usually no...
0:44:33 > 0:44:36- ..but on this occasion he said yes.
0:44:36 > 0:44:38- Victory!
0:44:38 > 0:44:41- Yes, and it's important to me...
0:44:41 > 0:44:44- ..that there's Welsh here - at the top of the hill.
0:44:44 > 0:44:45- I think Iolo would have liked that.
0:44:45 > 0:44:48- I think Iolo would have liked that.- - Iolo would have been delighted.
0:44:48 > 0:44:51- I doubt he'd believe - that centuries later...
0:44:51 > 0:44:53- ..his presence is still here.
0:45:00 > 0:45:03- Here we are, Rhian, - the memorial itself.
0:45:03 > 0:45:05- I have to say, it's wonderful.
0:45:06 > 0:45:07- Yes, it's fantastic.
0:45:09 > 0:45:11- The slate - is from Blaenau Ffestiniog.
0:45:11 > 0:45:15- The stone, from Moelfre, - was a favourite of his.
0:45:15 > 0:45:18- He compared this stone - to Italian Carrara marble.
0:45:18 > 0:45:20- He wasn't a big fan of North Wales.
0:45:20 > 0:45:22- He wasn't a big fan of North Wales.- - He wouldn't have liked me at all!
0:45:24 > 0:45:27- But I have to say, - it fills me with great pride...
0:45:28 > 0:45:32- ..to think that people - from all over the world come here...
0:45:32 > 0:45:36- ..and see an element - of pure Welshness on Primrose Hill.
0:45:36 > 0:45:40- And the symbols and the motto - "The truth against the world."
0:45:40 > 0:45:41- Well done. Congratulations.
0:45:41 > 0:45:43- Well done. Congratulations.- - Thank you.
0:45:58 > 0:46:01- A few miles from Primrose Hill...
0:46:01 > 0:46:04- ..in this narrow street - in the heart of London...
0:46:05 > 0:46:09- ..a small group of Welsh people - shared a very different experience.
0:46:09 > 0:46:13- This is Cock Lane, - where the foundations...
0:46:13 > 0:46:16- ..of the first Welsh chapel - in London lie.
0:46:16 > 0:46:21- It's a remarkable story about - a preacher who kept a tavern...
0:46:21 > 0:46:23- ..fierce squabbling...
0:46:23 > 0:46:27- ..and a rising number - of Welsh chapels across this city.
0:46:27 > 0:46:30- That will be our focus next time.
0:46:33 > 0:46:37- We'll look - at a century of commerce...
0:46:37 > 0:46:42- ..which attracted drovers from Wales - and female gardeners to London.
0:46:42 > 0:46:46- We'll also visit the urban home of - one of the era's wealthiest men...
0:46:47 > 0:46:51- ..and study the architecture - of a man from West Wales...
0:46:51 > 0:46:55- ..who designed some - of London's most famous streets.
0:47:23 > 0:47:25- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:47:26 > 0:47:26- .