:00:00. > :00:00.There is our latest headlines. Now on BBC News it's time for Inside
:00:07. > :00:09.Out. Tracking down the fly-tippers
:00:10. > :00:11.who are plaguing our countryside. It actually makes me feel even more
:00:12. > :00:14.determined to look harder and wider for just that one piece of post
:00:15. > :00:32.with the names that we can take Our correspondent looks at extreme
:00:33. > :00:36.solutions to littering. How do you feel seeing your name on the
:00:37. > :00:40.Internet? I was embarrassed, I was mortified. If my kids grow up later
:00:41. > :00:47.on in life and look at my name on the Internet, that is what will come
:00:48. > :00:52.up. And rats on the rampage. How are dirty habits are attracting
:00:53. > :00:56.unwelcome visitors. They aren't shy, they don't mind rain or daylight.
:00:57. > :01:01.They don't mind people walking around. The feeling of disgust is
:01:02. > :01:06.horrible. You shouldn't be living with that. I Seb Choudhury, and this
:01:07. > :01:23.is Inside Out. Parts of the British countryside are
:01:24. > :01:27.becoming a dumping ground for fly-tippers. It is illegal and costs
:01:28. > :01:32.millions of pounds every to clean up. It doesn't take a genius to work
:01:33. > :01:41.out that doesn't belong there. So we set about trying catch a fly-tipper
:01:42. > :01:46.in the act. We set up our secret cameras in one of the West's worst
:01:47. > :01:50.fly-tipping spots. To catch offenders breaking the law. Prepare
:01:51. > :02:00.to be disgusted at what some people dump. Just lots more to. Be warned,
:02:01. > :02:08.fly-tippers, inside out is on the case. -- Inside Out is on the case.
:02:09. > :02:13.Fly-tipping is not a new problem, but it is getting worse and worse in
:02:14. > :02:17.the West, causing a scar on the landscape. It costs councils in
:02:18. > :02:22.England an estimated ?50 million a year to clean up. And private land
:02:23. > :02:27.owners are staggered blink ?150 million, money that comes out of
:02:28. > :02:39.that pockets. It can be electrical goods, old cities, birds. It's a
:02:40. > :02:44.hell of a problem this man is at his wits end, with waste dumped on his
:02:45. > :02:48.land almost every week. We have to speak to the local council about
:02:49. > :02:53.that, wait for them to come in to clear it. Time that we lose and with
:02:54. > :02:58.farming, it's just a matter of we have to do the job on that day. It
:02:59. > :03:03.stops us doing that work. We might have something that can help him.
:03:04. > :03:06.CCTV is proving successful in catching those responsible for
:03:07. > :03:12.fly-tipping, and as this is a prime spot, what better place to install
:03:13. > :03:17.Inside Out's very own secret cameras? Hopefully, we can catch
:03:18. > :03:22.someone in the act. Waste dumped here comes in all shapes and sizes.
:03:23. > :03:29.You've found some pretty strange things left as well, haven't you?
:03:30. > :03:36.The strangest thing that we found left in the countryside was right on
:03:37. > :03:42.the spot here. It was an actual JCB, Park here one night. The police came
:03:43. > :03:47.to me and said the public were being distracted by it. In the West,
:03:48. > :03:52.fly-tipping has increased by a third in the past three years. From just
:03:53. > :03:57.over 20,000 incidents a year to almost 30,000. Hard evidence is
:03:58. > :04:03.needed for a prosecution, and cameras get convictions. Take this
:04:04. > :04:08.example from the Environment Agency. A builder decided to dump and burn
:04:09. > :04:14.waste from his site in a field in Somerset. Unbelievable, but he
:04:15. > :04:18.didn't get away with it. He was successfully prosecuted in May, and
:04:19. > :04:26.is now banned from handling waste. Pretty tricky considering he's a
:04:27. > :04:29.builder. Back at the farm in Gloucestershire, I wonder how I
:04:30. > :04:36.hidden cameras are getting on. Well, not a great deal goes on at first.
:04:37. > :04:47.Then this happens. The council putting up a sign to try to prevent
:04:48. > :04:53.fly-tippers. A couple of days later, we catch something that looks more
:04:54. > :04:58.interesting. A truck arrives, loaded. Two men then appear to
:04:59. > :05:07.unlock the tailgate. I wonder why. And then carry on their merry way.
:05:08. > :05:12.The next morning, we get a call from Ian, the farmer. The worst case of
:05:13. > :05:18.fly-tipping he has ever seen, just a few metres along from our cameras.
:05:19. > :05:22.Coincidence? The council enforcement team are already here, searching for
:05:23. > :05:28.evidence. And believe me, you need a strong stomach for this. Dog to.
:05:29. > :05:47.Dirty nappy. --. Waste. Oh my God! More dog waste. Just lots
:05:48. > :05:50.more waste. Somebody has put this in the middle-of-the-road, and they
:05:51. > :05:56.just think that's it. It's gone, it's out of their life, it's not
:05:57. > :06:01.their problem any more. It actually makes me feel even more determined
:06:02. > :06:05.to look harder and wider, for just that one piece of post or one
:06:06. > :06:09.delivery item that has the address on it, with the name so we can take
:06:10. > :06:16.these people to court. Because this is just disgusting. We have a bag of
:06:17. > :06:25.shoes, I think it is just a bag of shoes. We never know what we have
:06:26. > :06:28.found at the bottom. They are looking for clues to find whoever
:06:29. > :06:42.dumped this waste, and getting their hands dirty is all part of the job.
:06:43. > :06:55.Here is something. Wiltshire Constabulary. Something else. Theft
:06:56. > :06:58.of a wild creature. First bit of evidence, a summons for poaching.
:06:59. > :07:03.Could this be linked to the fly-tippers? The team still need to
:07:04. > :07:14.find more. You sometimes find hidden gems.
:07:15. > :07:24.Car parts. A broken broom. Shoes. Hang on, hang on, hang on. This
:07:25. > :07:38.looks like we might have hit the jackpot. We've got personal account
:07:39. > :07:46.numbers. With names and addresses. National insurance numbers. We've
:07:47. > :07:51.pretty much got everything we need in one bag. Finding a crucial bit of
:07:52. > :07:56.evidence like this can make a case. But perhaps that footage our secret
:07:57. > :08:02.cameras recorded could prove significant. What's that on top? It
:08:03. > :08:06.looks familiar. You can clearly see the truck with the car door panel
:08:07. > :08:12.and so far. We've caught the fly-tippers. And they were not
:08:13. > :08:17.deterred by the signs. Beginning of last week, the council came out and
:08:18. > :08:23.put these signs up to try and stop people from fly-tipping. A few days
:08:24. > :08:27.later, ironically, one of the worst cases of fly-tipping we've ever had
:08:28. > :08:31.happens right next to is there to stop people from fly-tipping. I
:08:32. > :08:36.think people that do this sort of thing don't really take much notice
:08:37. > :08:41.of science. I think they take much more notice of actual, you know,
:08:42. > :08:46.getting prosecuted. -- notice of signs. A few weeks later, the road
:08:47. > :08:53.is cleared. But Lucy is still on the case. We sent an invite to the
:08:54. > :08:57.individual asking them to come for an interview and a caution, which
:08:58. > :09:00.they did not attend. We would like to persevere with finding the
:09:01. > :09:05.individual and just working out what their take on that is. We will do
:09:06. > :09:11.what we can to try and find the individual. If they make it to
:09:12. > :09:17.court, they could be looking at two up to ?50,000 in fines and six
:09:18. > :09:21.months in prison. The council may now hire a special investigator to
:09:22. > :09:32.track down the fly-tippers. All of it at a cost to the taxpayer. But as
:09:33. > :09:36.I've found, bringing offenders to justice is a difficult and dirty
:09:37. > :09:43.business. Even when there is plenty of evidence.
:09:44. > :09:49.Coming up, rats on the rampage. I used to come down here on my
:09:50. > :09:54.motorbike pretty much every night, around 8pm or 9pm. There'd be
:09:55. > :10:01.scattering. I run over countless amounts. We are the ones attracting
:10:02. > :10:05.them by making this sort of waste. I would say it's more of a human
:10:06. > :10:10.problem than a rat problem. Tracking down the people who file up our
:10:11. > :10:15.countryside isn't easy. So how about trying to prevent them from doing it
:10:16. > :10:18.in the first place? We asked our correspondent to look at some of the
:10:19. > :10:24.more radical approaches to addressing this problem.
:10:25. > :10:30.As somebody who is a lover of the great British outdoors, there's
:10:31. > :10:36.nothing I find more depressing than this, litter. It's disgusting, it's
:10:37. > :10:43.dangerous, it's depressing. But most of all, it's just lazy. I really
:10:44. > :10:52.want to find out what. People doing it. Could gentle persuasion work? Or
:10:53. > :11:02.do we have to get tough? Dropping one cigarette, I face a fine of over
:11:03. > :11:08.?600. Or is the answer is Big Brother approach? First up, I'm in
:11:09. > :11:15.Gloucestershire at a wildlife beauty spot I know well. Here in the Forest
:11:16. > :11:19.of Dean, litter is a massive problem. With over 60 fly-tips
:11:20. > :11:24.reported each and every month. And the crazy thing is, the vast
:11:25. > :11:31.majority of it can be disposed of quite legally. I know and love the
:11:32. > :11:36.beautiful Forest of Dean, and it does tend to get spoiled by the
:11:37. > :11:39.litter. How big is the problem? We have spots where it's particularly
:11:40. > :11:43.bad, and then other areas where sometimes as really bad, if someone
:11:44. > :11:47.has had a party or something like that. Other times, especially with
:11:48. > :11:51.the recreation sites, it's a problem overnight when people have been on
:11:52. > :11:55.the recreation sites during the day, then they have left their litter
:11:56. > :12:01.behind. Is there one piece of it easy more than any other? I think it
:12:02. > :12:06.is nappies. It sounds nasty, but animals eat the gel from inside. It
:12:07. > :12:11.fills their stomachs, then they started. So it is a really nasty one
:12:12. > :12:18.to find in the forest. -- then they starve to death. Make a funny nose,
:12:19. > :12:23.but the eyes are the thing. To tackle the problem, these children
:12:24. > :12:26.are designing scary faces. To be made out of rubbish collected from
:12:27. > :12:34.their local streets. What else have you drawn on there? I've done a
:12:35. > :12:37.moustache and a red nose. If this is up on a tree looking down at you, do
:12:38. > :12:43.you think that. People dropping litter? Yeah. It would strop me
:12:44. > :12:48.dropping litter, I will tell you that. That is one of the best faces,
:12:49. > :12:52.that is absolutely brilliant. The finished faces are hung from trees
:12:53. > :12:58.in litter hotspots around the forest. It is an unmistakably gentle
:12:59. > :13:06.approach, devised by an environmental charity using
:13:07. > :13:10.something called nudging. Nudges a behavioural concept which suggests
:13:11. > :13:14.that using positive reinforcement and indirect prompting, you can
:13:15. > :13:19.encourage people to change their behaviour. For the communities, the
:13:20. > :13:23.nudge is the eyes on the trees, which basically makes people feel
:13:24. > :13:27.like they are being watched. This is being reinforced by the plaques
:13:28. > :13:32.which they take your litter home. A lot of people know that litter is an
:13:33. > :13:37.anti-social thing to do. The eyes there create that sense of being
:13:38. > :13:41.watched. And hopefully encourage people to not drop litter, and take
:13:42. > :13:44.it home when they are in a beautiful place like the Forest of Dean. Where
:13:45. > :13:54.did you get the inspiration? We initially came across a campaign in
:13:55. > :13:57.Rotterdam, in an area with a high crime rate. They put 10,000 cartoon
:13:58. > :14:01.eyes on bus stops, sides of buildings. They saw the crime rates
:14:02. > :14:06.drop quite dramatically. I love what they are doing here. It is fun,
:14:07. > :14:13.creative and positive way to tackle what is an insidious issue. I just
:14:14. > :14:19.hope it works. Appealing to our better nature seems a nice idea. But
:14:20. > :14:26.perhaps the answer is something with a bit more clout. We will find out
:14:27. > :14:31.whodunnit. In south Wales, they have declared war on litter. They have
:14:32. > :14:35.put officers on the street armed with cameras. They have a website
:14:36. > :14:40.where they post photos of people they want to talk to. In London,
:14:41. > :14:48.Natalie was named and shamed. She now faces a fine of more than ?600
:14:49. > :14:52.for dropping a cigarette. There were no litter bins around at the time,
:14:53. > :14:57.or anything. There was a little green box next to me. I just added
:14:58. > :15:02.it on there and put down the side. As I got into the shop doors, this
:15:03. > :15:05.guy approached me and he was just like, I'm giving you fine. And I
:15:06. > :15:11.started laughing at him and I said, for what? And he said for dropping a
:15:12. > :15:17.cigarette. He handed me an ?80 fine. I refused to pay it. And then a few
:15:18. > :15:22.months ago, I was looking through my phone, putting my name in Google and
:15:23. > :15:27.my name came up in the London papers. I was actually taken to
:15:28. > :15:31.court, that I wasn't aware of. I also was on the Hall of shame. How
:15:32. > :15:36.did you feel seeing your name on the Internet? I was embarrassed,
:15:37. > :15:41.mortified to be honest. I thought, oh my God, can't believe my name's
:15:42. > :15:46.there. If my kids look my name up later in life, that is what will
:15:47. > :15:51.come up. Naming and shaming undoubtedly sends a strong message,
:15:52. > :15:55.but it relies on catching people red-handed. So what if there were an
:15:56. > :15:59.approach which could catch the culprit, even though the actual act
:16:00. > :16:09.of littering hadn't been observed in the first place? In Hong Kong,
:16:10. > :16:18.they've imagined a world where litter is DNA tested and a Photofit
:16:19. > :16:29.of the suspect created. But could this really work? At Kings College
:16:30. > :16:44.London, they're using Inu technique. It can identify particular parts of
:16:45. > :16:51.the person was like. Can they tell me who drops the bottle? We do have
:16:52. > :16:55.a full profile. It is from a male. But we have also looked at some
:16:56. > :17:01.visible characteristics. That is what you can see here on the screen.
:17:02. > :17:06.Across the top, we have some information about the person's hair
:17:07. > :17:10.colour. We can say they're definitely not blonde or redhead.
:17:11. > :17:15.Probably more like Brown, dark brown. And down here we have the eye
:17:16. > :17:23.colour results, which is definitely brown. Fascinating. What about
:17:24. > :17:28.ethnicity? This graph down here shows different populations around
:17:29. > :17:33.the world. This purple group, are Europeans. And this red dot is where
:17:34. > :17:38.the person sits, who I think are very likely to be pale skinned. The
:17:39. > :17:44.closest match are from Britain, so it may be somebody from the UK.
:17:45. > :17:49.That's astonishing. It's time to confess. It was me what dropped the
:17:50. > :17:56.bottle. I did have brown hair, dark brown hair, before I lost at! I
:17:57. > :18:01.missed definitely have brown eyes. And I am British. I'm impressed by
:18:02. > :18:04.how much information they can extract from one discarded bottle.
:18:05. > :18:10.Could this be the way to go after litter louts in the future? I think
:18:11. > :18:15.it's crazy, if you're talking about catching somebody who's dropped
:18:16. > :18:19.litter. It's too expensive. The result that you get can't be used in
:18:20. > :18:23.a court of law, it won't be precise enough. It will mean that the
:18:24. > :18:30.enforcement agencies are targeting people, the majority of them will be
:18:31. > :18:34.innocent. So after all that, what is the best way to tackle littering?
:18:35. > :18:39.Councils are dishing out more fines, and it's clearly putting people off.
:18:40. > :18:44.It taught me not to drop a cigarette ever again. I don't smoke if I'm
:18:45. > :18:48.out, if I go to town, I don't smoke. Because don't want to constantly
:18:49. > :18:50.look over my shoulder if there's not been around, if anyone will be
:18:51. > :18:55.behind me with a ticket book ready to give me a ticket. Meanwhile in
:18:56. > :19:04.the Forest of Dean, volunteers litter around the community has gone
:19:05. > :19:09.around. -- around the trees. I'm interested to see the effort that
:19:10. > :19:15.has gone in. Irrespective of whether it is the carrot or the stick
:19:16. > :19:26.approach, if it works I'm up for it. If you don't want Mike on your case,
:19:27. > :19:30.put your rubbish in the bin. Now, one of the more unpleasant result of
:19:31. > :19:35.not bringing our waste is that pest control call ups are on the rise.
:19:36. > :19:42.Kersten has been on the raft Trail in Newcastle. -- on the rat Trail.
:19:43. > :19:50.So, you're rat, you fancy a late-night feed. You come here.
:19:51. > :19:55.Welcome to Chinatown, ratty city. It's is well-known for its Chinese
:19:56. > :20:01.population, now it's becoming famous for its rodent population, too. This
:20:02. > :20:05.was filmed behind the street by someone on a night out. Because of
:20:06. > :20:10.all the Chinese restaurant here, there is all-you-can-eat banquet for
:20:11. > :20:15.them, too. It's an issue that's been in the headlines over a year. So
:20:16. > :20:21.I've come to find out if Newcastle really does have a rat problem. This
:20:22. > :20:25.man is a wildlife cameraman. He's come to help us get to the bottom of
:20:26. > :20:32.it. Found something down there already? A lovely big rathole down
:20:33. > :20:42.there. I'm just going to plug myself behind one of the bins and hopefully
:20:43. > :20:44.catch one of them coming out. Darkness falls, and there is a
:20:45. > :20:59.stirring. There's been knocked over on the
:21:00. > :21:08.ground, and there is a pile of rubbish. They are feeding in two
:21:09. > :21:13.paces. There must be about ten rats coming out. He has been filming for
:21:14. > :21:18.three hours. The rats are coming from the town wall, or holes in the
:21:19. > :21:22.ground. There is a lot of food for them, so you expect them to come in
:21:23. > :21:26.straight to the food. They are aware of our presence, but they are still
:21:27. > :21:29.sniffing the air, testing to see if there are people about. It is clear
:21:30. > :21:35.that rubbish is the problem, and businesses say it has been for
:21:36. > :21:42.years. Michael works at the snooker club. I've probably seen upwards 30
:21:43. > :21:47.- 50. I used to come here my motorbike pretty much every night,
:21:48. > :21:52.around 8pm or 9pm. I've run over countless, they would be scuttling.
:21:53. > :21:56.There's a bit of a bump. I don't see it as that much of a problem. They
:21:57. > :22:00.have as much right to be here as we do. We are the ones attracting them
:22:01. > :22:06.by making this sort of waste. It is more a human problem than it is a
:22:07. > :22:11.rat problem, I would say. Is the rat problem getting worse? In the year
:22:12. > :22:15.to March 2014, Newcastle City Council had more than 2100 calls
:22:16. > :22:20.about rats. That number went up for the same period the following year.
:22:21. > :22:28.And in the 12 months to March this year? Well, there were 3767 calls. A
:22:29. > :22:31.rise of more than 40%. Is just going to increase and increase, or will
:22:32. > :22:37.you get a point we have to tackle it? We do tackle the caused by rats.
:22:38. > :22:43.The main problem is that businesses don't store their refuge properly.
:22:44. > :22:47.Sometimes, you go round the city and use the wheelie bins piled high.
:22:48. > :22:52.Businesses just should not store their waist like that, we should not
:22:53. > :22:59.tolerate that. The restaurant owner in the street has done everything
:23:00. > :23:02.they can. To ensure that there are no rat inside the restaurant.
:23:03. > :23:05.Outside the restaurant, it is the council's responsibility. The main
:23:06. > :23:10.problem is the homeless people around this area. They go through
:23:11. > :23:15.the bins, stir up the rubbish, leave it outside the bin. We will write to
:23:16. > :23:21.the leader of the council to have a meeting with them, to resolve this
:23:22. > :23:26.problem. Michael's bar pays ?250 a month from locked bins, but does
:23:27. > :23:35.everyone else? Our business is doing enough? Very possibly not, if it is
:23:36. > :23:41.being filmed by the BBC and is an issue. If waste management companies
:23:42. > :23:46.will put their prices so high, what will happen? This will happen.
:23:47. > :23:49.Cost-cutting is bringing rats to Newcastle's business premises, but
:23:50. > :23:53.what about Holmes? The rubbish around you is getting worse and
:23:54. > :23:57.worse over the last few years. Basically since the council cuts.
:23:58. > :24:02.There is one where rare thought this really needs to be documented, so I
:24:03. > :24:06.started taking a video. -- where I really thought. Almost as soon as I
:24:07. > :24:10.had started filming, that is when the rats appeared. She had stumbled
:24:11. > :24:27.upon rat Ali. -- rat alley. In Chinatown, they
:24:28. > :24:32.don't care, but here they don't care. They don't care. They don't
:24:33. > :24:37.mind rain, daylight. They don't mind people walking around. The feeling
:24:38. > :24:44.is horrible, of disgust. You shouldn't be living with that. Some
:24:45. > :24:47.of the back lanes in residential areas, it's horrendous the way that
:24:48. > :24:51.people think that they can live. Is not the case if you're getting cuts
:24:52. > :24:56.financially, you're going to be able to do less? At the moment we offer a
:24:57. > :25:03.service to businesses and residents. We have a duty to carry on treating
:25:04. > :25:09.rats. In terms of enforcement, where we see issues, we will serve notice
:25:10. > :25:15.on landlords and tenants to deal with those rubbish issues. Newcastle
:25:16. > :25:19.offers match for a rat. Good accommodation, food. The council
:25:20. > :25:26.budget's squeeze, while businesses are cutting costs, too. But the
:25:27. > :25:35.solution seems very simple. The primary sources the food. Get rid of
:25:36. > :25:39.that waste food on the floor, the knocked over bins. Then you'll see
:25:40. > :26:08.the rat population reduced. Until next time, good night.
:26:09. > :26:13.Some wet weather working into the north-west of UK tonight. Elsewhere,
:26:14. > :26:14.most places have a dry