:00:00. > :00:00.change the constitution to sit the real election. -- to sit for
:00:00. > :00:09.re-election. And now, time for Inside Out.
:00:10. > :00:12.Hello. What Happens When One Of The South's Busiest Roads Meets One Of
:00:13. > :00:18.The World's Most Important Landscapes?
:00:19. > :00:23.I cannot see a worse place for the tunnel to come out where it is.
:00:24. > :00:26.Also coming up, how people with dementia are using music to help
:00:27. > :00:29.them cope with their condition. It makes you feel good to play,
:00:30. > :00:35.because they are not worried whether you play the wrong note or nothing,
:00:36. > :00:42.which happens quite a bit anyway. And butterfly expert and enthusiast
:00:43. > :00:48.Matthew Oates takes us on a tour of the cell. No less than 46 of the 59
:00:49. > :01:07.species in the UK have been found here. That is mega.
:01:08. > :01:12.Plans to re-route the tunnel at Stonehenge have seen since serious
:01:13. > :01:14.opposition, not least from the woman who farms the tunnel will go. Far,
:01:15. > :01:39.she has refused speaker. Until now. Stonehenge is one of our top tourist
:01:40. > :01:41.attractions. That noise is the A303, the main route from Cornwall to
:01:42. > :01:46.London. About 24,000 vehicles a day on this
:01:47. > :01:51.road, going up to 30,000 in the summer, but not good for road users,
:01:52. > :01:57.it is not good for local residents, and it is not good for the setting
:01:58. > :02:00.of this World Heritage Site. Now a ?1.4 billion scheme to rewrote
:02:01. > :02:03.the road through a tunnel and make is a jewelled carriageway has been
:02:04. > :02:05.given the go-ahead. You would think that was the perfect solution,
:02:06. > :02:10.right? It is a total catastrophe. The plans
:02:11. > :02:15.recommended by highways England and the government are for an eight
:02:16. > :02:19.metre high fly over, just about 300 metres from where we are standing.
:02:20. > :02:24.It is a modern scar on an ancient landscape. It breaks my heart, it
:02:25. > :02:32.breaks my heart. So why are they so against the
:02:33. > :02:38.scheme? I've come to Wiltshire Museum in Devizes. These artefacts
:02:39. > :02:42.are more than 4000 years old. This dagger is astounding. It is
:02:43. > :02:49.difficult to see, but the original had 140,000 tiny gold studs. They
:02:50. > :02:52.were found buried with a Bronze Age chieftain in a grave known as a
:02:53. > :03:00.barrow about half a mile south of Stonehenge. He has been hell would
:03:01. > :03:05.become known as Bush Barrow Man. The West End of the tunnel was planned
:03:06. > :03:08.to pass close to his grave. These images give us an idea of what is
:03:09. > :03:12.proposed, but what does it look like in real life?
:03:13. > :03:24.I have come to see. This is Rachel. Bush Barrow is on her farm. It is
:03:25. > :03:28.one of many barrows she looked after. She sees herself as a
:03:29. > :03:34.custodian, and has adapted the way she farms around them.
:03:35. > :03:44.We GRASSED a proportion of the far end of the farm, because there was
:03:45. > :03:46.archaeology. Two to is among one of 40 year.
:03:47. > :03:52.A303 is the key monument in the cemetery.
:03:53. > :03:59.Underneath here is still Bush Barrow Man. They removed all the parts and
:04:00. > :04:02.gold and exciting bits of pieces, so yes, it is quite exciting to think
:04:03. > :04:13.that Bush Barrow Man is still under our feet. Stonehenge over there, and
:04:14. > :04:18.you can see the tunnel will come underneath, it will come out in the
:04:19. > :04:23.field we see opposite us, where the scars are on the field.
:04:24. > :04:26.How big a role we took me about? Massive. Four carriageways.
:04:27. > :04:31.People are going to say that you just don't want this on your land.
:04:32. > :04:36.I just think it is so important that enough consideration is given as to
:04:37. > :04:43.sensitively putting this road in the Ireland. It has to be sensitive, not
:04:44. > :04:46.in front of Bush Barrow Man. The high value of gold found in this
:04:47. > :04:53.barrow make it Britain's richest Bronze Age burial. But there is
:04:54. > :04:56.another place close to the east end of the tunnel that experts are
:04:57. > :05:03.worried will also be damaged by the plan. Until recently, this area of
:05:04. > :05:07.woodland two miles from Stonehenge had largely been ignored by
:05:08. > :05:11.archaeologists. Its true significance is only now being
:05:12. > :05:16.revealed. We discovered where the communities
:05:17. > :05:22.were living who had Ilton the first monument at Stonehenge and the
:05:23. > :05:25.Stonehenge Knoll, and we know that they are living here around 8000 BC,
:05:26. > :05:30.and these communities come back again and again all the way through
:05:31. > :05:35.to 4000 BC. This site is now thought to be the
:05:36. > :05:40.longest continually inhabited place in the UK. David led a team of
:05:41. > :05:44.archaeologists on a date here in 2014. They found around 32,000
:05:45. > :05:50.pieces of worked flint and more than 1000 pieces of animal bone. But the
:05:51. > :05:54.secret of this place is in the water. It is warmed by a natural
:05:55. > :05:59.spring, meaning it did not freeze during the ice age, and that brought
:06:00. > :06:08.people to settle here. So this is it. This is Bleak Mead,
:06:09. > :06:12.where we have been digging over the last ten years.
:06:13. > :06:17.The basin behind us has got shed loads of archaeology in it.
:06:18. > :06:21.So what percentage of this have you excavated and found?
:06:22. > :06:26.A tiny percentage. We have died in total 20 metres square. Everywhere
:06:27. > :06:32.We Go gear, we're finding really important archaeology. -- we have
:06:33. > :06:35.done 20 metres square. They will be a flyover about 300 metres from
:06:36. > :06:39.where we're standing to the east, and I will be eight metres high. If
:06:40. > :06:43.that was not bad enough, the road here is going to be banked up
:06:44. > :06:49.another seven metres. All of that logistical work will drain the
:06:50. > :06:52.spring and take down the water table, which is preserving all of
:06:53. > :06:56.these objects which are thousands of years old.
:06:57. > :06:58.The road has got to go somewhere, hasn't it?
:06:59. > :07:04.It has got to go somewhere, but why does it have to go here? This is one
:07:05. > :07:06.of the most precious landscapes in the world.
:07:07. > :07:11.So what is the man in charge of the road scheme have to say about
:07:12. > :07:15.David's and Rachel's fears? My team have gone and visited Bleak
:07:16. > :07:20.Mead's site with the professor to hear what he is saying.
:07:21. > :07:23.Across the road, we have got Bush Barrow. The owner of the land says
:07:24. > :07:27.having the tunnel will actually impact on the World Heritage Site.
:07:28. > :07:32.I have met Mrs Hayes. We are listening to what she is saying, and
:07:33. > :07:36.the other 900 bits of correspondent we have had to our consultation.
:07:37. > :07:40.Will you change your plans if it does not work out?
:07:41. > :07:42.We are still in consultation, analysing all those consultations,
:07:43. > :07:49.and taking a view on the best way forward.
:07:50. > :07:51.Earlier this month, more than 20 eminent archaeologists and
:07:52. > :07:57.historians registered their objections to the scheme. They
:07:58. > :08:01.echoed those of Rachel and Professor Jacks, but they are also concerned
:08:02. > :08:06.that the tunnel entrance near to Bush Barrow will destroy the views
:08:07. > :08:11.of the winter sunset, now thought to be fundamental to the Stones
:08:12. > :08:16.positioning. The final plan for the proposed tunnel is expected in the
:08:17. > :08:23.autumn. Building work is scheduled to start in 2020.
:08:24. > :08:29.Next, the power of music really can be quite remarkable. As one group of
:08:30. > :08:42.people in Dorset has been finding out. Margaret Stark plays the violin
:08:43. > :08:47.with the University Dementia Care Bicester. We dropped in with them.
:08:48. > :08:51.We have got a concert next week, haven't we? Are we going to play
:08:52. > :08:59.this in the concert? Shall we play some music? We will go E J. You
:09:00. > :09:06.decide. Top strength. I think G. Nothing, we tend to go...
:09:07. > :09:14.Welcome to my orchestra. You should hear the Perlin Philharmonic do
:09:15. > :09:16.this! Some of us have dementia, and some
:09:17. > :09:27.of us are carers. Great! Fantastic. That is Joanne
:09:28. > :09:30.David. Their partners don't come any more,
:09:31. > :09:40.but they still join us every week. One, two, three...
:09:41. > :09:47.It is all a bit emotional for me at the moment. I am sorry. I lost my
:09:48. > :09:53.husband a year ago tomorrow. But he loved it, he absolutely loved it,
:09:54. > :10:04.didn't he? Yes. That's why I still come.
:10:05. > :10:13.My wife came up until the end of the year. She is too ill now to come,
:10:14. > :10:17.but she spent every session just read in smiles and lifted by the
:10:18. > :10:25.whole thing. Great to see her enjoying it.
:10:26. > :10:33.Kind of like a family, really, now, if they want to pick it up. It is
:10:34. > :10:39.astonishing how it brings us all together.
:10:40. > :10:45.There is me and my husband Mike. Can you guess which of us has dementia?
:10:46. > :10:50.That is one of the best things about the orchestra. When we are playing,
:10:51. > :10:53.all of that melts away. You see, dementia is difficult, but it
:10:54. > :10:58.doesn't mean you can't have fun or take on new challenges, even the
:10:59. > :11:03.violin. One lady this week, she was
:11:04. > :11:09.thoroughly enjoying it. Her face, I made you turn around and look at
:11:10. > :11:16.her, and it was lovely. Quite true. We are able to chat together and
:11:17. > :11:22.swap, you know, how is your husband, how is he doing? We reassure each
:11:23. > :11:31.other that we are not alone. What is happening, we are not imagining. It
:11:32. > :11:34.is part of the problem that we have. Everybody is so nice, and also, a
:11:35. > :11:40.lot of them are in the same boat as what I am, you know, but luckily, I
:11:41. > :11:46.have only got it slight at the moment. And just keeping my fingers
:11:47. > :11:54.crossed that it does not get any worse.
:11:55. > :12:03.It can be very annoying, because you try and remember things, and
:12:04. > :12:08.unfortunately, unless it stands out, I am afraid it goes to the back of
:12:09. > :12:17.your mind. And it can be quite annoying, I can assure you. Yes. It
:12:18. > :12:22.makes you feel good that they... You know, they are not worried whether
:12:23. > :12:25.you play the Ron Noades or anything, which happens quite a bit anyway! --
:12:26. > :12:36.the wrong note. Hillary also has the early stages of
:12:37. > :12:44.dementia. She doesn't let it get her down. I went to see the consultant
:12:45. > :12:49.and I said, I keep losing memory. I can't remember people's names, and
:12:50. > :12:59.it's not that bad, you know. I was borderline. And they said, well, I
:13:00. > :13:05.said, can I have a scan? And they said, you want a scan? And I said,
:13:06. > :13:16.yes I want to know what is going on, and they found that the rain was...
:13:17. > :13:22.Shrinking, did he say? -- of the brain.
:13:23. > :13:26.When I see the poor folks at the university, I think how sad for
:13:27. > :13:29.them, because they must have gone a long time.
:13:30. > :13:32.They can't speak, but they do smile about. They can't have a
:13:33. > :13:37.conversation. You just cannot realise how they think about is what
:13:38. > :13:40.they feel. It is just something that is there.
:13:41. > :13:49.Several times through the week, he will start chanting, ooh, ah,
:13:50. > :13:54.Cantona! So it is not a thing that just happens on the day. We will
:13:55. > :13:58.think about is whether the times during the week.
:13:59. > :14:00.This is the last time. Fantastic. Well done, everyone.
:14:01. > :14:11.Fantastic. Today is a big day. We are putting
:14:12. > :14:17.on a concert for a live audience. We perform regularly, to prove to
:14:18. > :14:23.others what people with dementia are capable of. Learning, performing,
:14:24. > :14:28.and drawing crowds. We might not be the greatest musicians, but with the
:14:29. > :14:36.professionals alongside us, we do make a good sound.
:14:37. > :14:44.Sometimes, it goes wrong, and it sounds better, if you see what I
:14:45. > :14:48.mean. And can we keep that bit in?! So, it will go wrong. Inevitably, it
:14:49. > :14:51.will go wrong. It has brought me out a little bit more.
:14:52. > :14:58.Not so withdrawn or anything like that. I don't know what is going to
:14:59. > :15:02.happen, so I just lived life to the full.
:15:03. > :15:05.You can't tell when he is strumming his ukelele, but Richard is the
:15:06. > :15:10.player with the most advanced dementia.
:15:11. > :15:14.The days he isn't out, if we aren't doing anything, he just sits in a
:15:15. > :15:22.chair, head and chest, and nods, and it is just so awful. It can be
:15:23. > :15:28.tough. It can be tough. I get quite emotional at times. I could now, but
:15:29. > :15:34.I won't let myself! Just not strong mentally, and that isn't me, but it
:15:35. > :15:39.is the situation we are in. It isn't one you expect. It is very
:15:40. > :15:44.debilitating, and wipes out everything, wipes or memories of the
:15:45. > :15:54.days, the nice times you have had, all gone. He is a lovely man. So,
:15:55. > :15:57.yes. We're just to be together. -- glad to be together.
:15:58. > :16:02.It is a bit worrying for both visibly see one that is a bit
:16:03. > :16:06.further on, and you say, help, I hope not.
:16:07. > :16:13.Very difficult not to surmise that you will be like that later.
:16:14. > :16:39.Now, finally, it is just over 250 years since the famous naturalist
:16:40. > :16:45.Gilbert White recorded the first butterfly in Hampshire, and that's a
:16:46. > :16:46.good enough excuse to ask expert Matthew Oates about these colourful
:16:47. > :17:04.wonders of nature. Butterflies captivated me as a
:17:05. > :17:09.child, and that fascination blossomed and became my life's work.
:17:10. > :17:16.They have been admired, collected and recorded in southern England for
:17:17. > :17:24.250 years. Each summer, I try to visit as many of the special places
:17:25. > :17:27.where our rarer butterflies occur. Today, Selbourne is a place of
:17:28. > :17:33.pilgrimage for naturalist. They are attracted here by the memory, the
:17:34. > :17:40.living memory of the reverend Gilbert White, the four --
:17:41. > :17:45.forefather of natural history. This is where it all started. The first
:17:46. > :17:51.record of a butterfly in Hampshire was of a male brimstone seen on
:17:52. > :18:01.March eight, 1766, by the reverend Gilbert White here in Selbourne in
:18:02. > :18:04.Hampshire. A -- White regarded the Brimstone as the harbinger of
:18:05. > :18:08.spring, and even today, it is a butterfly that people diligently
:18:09. > :18:12.look out for the first of spring. There are the familiar butterflies.
:18:13. > :18:15.We may not know all their names, but we know them for what they are, the
:18:16. > :18:25.souls of summer hours. I'm talking about garden butterflies
:18:26. > :18:35.like peacocks, small tortoiseshell and red Admiral. There are many less
:18:36. > :18:39.well-known butterflies, many of which are specialists of central
:18:40. > :18:44.southern England. They have dazzling names and belong to strange named
:18:45. > :18:52.families, like the skippers, which have fiery darts that wish whipped
:18:53. > :18:57.around at great speed. And the hare streams, which are rather elusive.
:18:58. > :19:04.On the Downs, there are the exquisite chalk hill and done this
:19:05. > :19:12.blues. Beautiful blue butterflies. And in the woods, the big, bold and
:19:13. > :19:15.brassy fritillaries. Many of these butterflies are quite rare in
:19:16. > :19:18.restricted to certain places due to their specific needs, and some of
:19:19. > :19:24.those places have become our nature reserves. Just outside the village
:19:25. > :19:35.of Selbourne is this nature reserve at Norhill, one of the best loved
:19:36. > :19:41.butterfly localities in the British Isles. No less than 46 of the 53
:19:42. > :19:44.specialties of butterfly record and regularly in the UK have been found
:19:45. > :19:49.here within the last 40 years. That is mega!
:19:50. > :19:59.Butterflies love heart, sunny weather in spring and summer. --
:20:00. > :20:04.hot. 40 years ago was the long, hot summer of 1976, where we briefly
:20:05. > :20:11.experienced a Mediterranean climate, and butterflies that year abounded.
:20:12. > :20:14.They are creatures of the sun. One particular sun loving speciality
:20:15. > :20:20.is found at Norhill during the spring. His Grace the Duke of
:20:21. > :20:25.Burgundy. I spent many years studying this little butterfly. It
:20:26. > :20:28.is a thug and a bully boy, but it is one of my favourites. If you have
:20:29. > :20:35.spent time searching the vegetation carefully, you might find the Duke
:20:36. > :20:40.and Duchess together. As soon as she is ready to fly, her Grace the
:20:41. > :20:47.Duchess of Burgundy gravitates into male territory. There, she will be
:20:48. > :20:53.ardently and instantly mated. There is no courtship in this species
:20:54. > :20:57.whatsoever. Crucially, each species of butterfly needs a certain plant
:20:58. > :20:59.species on which to lay its eggs, and her Grace needs cowslips and
:21:00. > :21:13.primroses. Here in the New Forest, the Duke of
:21:14. > :21:21.Burgundy became extinct three or four decades ago. But for about 150
:21:22. > :21:29.years, the New Forest was the premier locality in Britain for
:21:30. > :21:32.butterfly collecting, and the old collectors during the Victorian and
:21:33. > :21:38.Edwardian eras in particular, but way into the early 1960s, used to
:21:39. > :21:45.come here in droves, particularly in July. They were especially
:21:46. > :21:54.interested in the silver washed fritillary. And the green coloured
:21:55. > :21:58.form. And they collected drawers full, cabinets full. And they reside
:21:59. > :22:10.still in museums today. Servicing the collecting obsession
:22:11. > :22:16.was a major local industry in the forest, for about 150 years, in
:22:17. > :22:24.terms of providing board and lodging, food and drink, transport
:22:25. > :22:27.and guides, and also, dealers and breeders who sold unusual specimens,
:22:28. > :22:31.dead or alive, too often rather gullible collectors.
:22:32. > :22:37.In bygone days, many of the New Forest Woods looked like this.
:22:38. > :22:53.Butterfly paradise. After the First World War, many of
:22:54. > :22:59.the New Forest's oak woods were clear felled and replaced with
:23:00. > :23:01.fast-growing, non-native conifers in a glorious experiment of which our
:23:02. > :23:08.butterflies were unscheduled victims. The conifer words are too
:23:09. > :23:16.shady, and otherwise unsuitable, for most butterflies. National policy
:23:17. > :23:19.has now changed, gloriously. The policy is to restore broadleaf
:23:20. > :23:24.woodland long-term and also to remove altogether some conifer
:23:25. > :23:29.plantations and restore the land to open heathlands.
:23:30. > :23:38.The open heaths of the New Forest, Purbeck, Hampshire and the Western
:23:39. > :23:43.Weald are renowned for their specialist Flora and fauna,
:23:44. > :23:48.including the exquisite minuscule silver studded blue, a sapphire
:23:49. > :23:54.jewel of a little butterfly. There is much we can do to help our
:23:55. > :24:00.so-called garden butterflies. These are highly mobile creatures that
:24:01. > :24:05.drift around both the countryside and the towns, constantly seeking
:24:06. > :24:09.new places in which to breed, and it is really important to give them
:24:10. > :24:14.feeding stations along their way. There is no better way of doing that
:24:15. > :24:17.then by growing bubbly is in your garden, and the good news is that
:24:18. > :24:26.bubbly is come in all shapes and sizes nowadays. -- buddleias. There
:24:27. > :24:32.are even tiny patio tubs buddleias, and they work. They attract
:24:33. > :24:35.butterflies, bees, and at night, moths. Mobility is everything to
:24:36. > :24:49.butterflies, and wildlife friendly gardening really does help that.
:24:50. > :24:56.Butterfly populations boom and bust and air band flow according to the
:24:57. > :24:59.diktats of the weather, and if we have learnt anything about
:25:00. > :25:03.butterflies over the last 250 years, it is that we love them, we care
:25:04. > :25:10.deeply about them, we value them for their beauty, for the special places
:25:11. > :25:15.they take us to, and as symbols of freedom.
:25:16. > :25:24.Butterflies need us, and we need them.
:25:25. > :25:30.Well, that is it for now, and indeed, for the series. We are back
:25:31. > :26:01.on BBC One in the autumn. Until then, bye-bye.
:26:02. > :26:06.Good afternoon. It is the 1st of April, and appropriately, we have
:26:07. > :26:11.quite a few showers in the forecast. Some sunshine as well, but when
:26:12. > :26:12.showers come along, they could be heavy. We thoroughly seen a few
:26:13. > :26:14.rumbles