0:00:00 > 0:00:00- 888
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- 888- - 888
0:00:04 > 0:00:09- I'm Iolo Williams and I'm travelling - across North America...
0:00:09 > 0:00:15- ..visiting Native American tribes - from the Navajo to the Cherokee...
0:00:16 > 0:00:19- ..from the wild west - to the mountains of the north.
0:00:19 > 0:00:23- These were the inhabitants - of this incredible continent.
0:00:24 > 0:00:28- I'm here to learn about the people, - their culture, language...
0:00:29 > 0:00:32- ..spiritual beliefs - and harmony with nature.
0:00:34 > 0:00:38- I want to know what we can learn - from this unique way of life.
0:00:38 > 0:00:41- Join me on a journey of discovery...
0:00:42 > 0:00:45- ..across one of the world's - most striking continents.
0:00:56 > 0:01:00- This is the story of a noted tribe - of Native Americans...
0:01:00 > 0:01:04- ..and their battle to defend - their culture and language.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06- From a tragic past - to an uncertain future...
0:01:07 > 0:01:11- ..I explore their affinity - with their homeland.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14- In the mountains and on water...
0:01:14 > 0:01:19- ..I discover how these people - maintain their unique way of life.
0:01:20 > 0:01:23- From the Chief to the hunter, - the old to the young...
0:01:23 > 0:01:28- ..you'll see how the warrior spirit - lives on in this incredible tribe.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31- Welcome to the world - of the Cherokee.
0:01:34 > 0:01:39- There is something magical - about North Carolina's landscape.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42- Its dense forests - teem with wildlife...
0:01:42 > 0:01:47- ..and cover - the extensive Smoky Mountains.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50- As I begin my journey - into their world...
0:01:51 > 0:01:55- ..I imagine how the tribe - would have lived through the ages.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02- The Cherokee hail - from south-eastern America...
0:02:03 > 0:02:06- ..but they are well known - throughout the world.
0:02:06 > 0:02:09- Legend has it that the tribe - was put on earth...
0:02:09 > 0:02:12- ..to guard the sacred mound - of Kituwah.
0:02:12 > 0:02:18- Small communities of hunters and - craftsmen traded with other tribes.
0:02:19 > 0:02:24- The white man was once welcomed - but that welcome was betrayed.
0:02:24 > 0:02:29- Cruelly, the indigenous people - were forced out of their homeland.
0:02:29 > 0:02:33- Thousands died - during their relocation.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37- It's a period in history - known as the Trail of Tears.
0:02:38 > 0:02:43- The population was forced to migrate - to the state of Oklahoma.
0:02:44 > 0:02:47- Survivors of the original tribe - are still here...
0:02:47 > 0:02:50- ..at the foot - of the Smoky Mountains.
0:02:56 > 0:02:58- This is the town of Cherokee.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02- It's the main centre - for the Eastern Band of Cherokees.
0:03:02 > 0:03:07- I can't wait to finally meet - the tribe I've heard so much about.
0:03:08 > 0:03:10- RHYTHMIC DRUMMING AND CHANTING
0:03:11 > 0:03:13- This is a Native American show.
0:03:13 > 0:03:17- It's very artificial, - to be honest with you.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39- Thank you for the dance!
0:03:39 > 0:03:41- Now we got another dance.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44- We come out here seven days a week.
0:03:45 > 0:03:48- I don't know what to say. - Pathetic is the only word for it.
0:03:49 > 0:03:50- It was pitiful.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54- The two of them dancing, - well, if I can call it dancing.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58- The girl was doing something - that resembled Irish dancing...
0:03:59 > 0:04:01- ..and I don't know - what he was doing.
0:04:01 > 0:04:05- He just shook for 30 seconds - and said thank you.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09- I could do that. - I thought it was very disappointing.
0:04:09 > 0:04:13- I felt as though - they were denigrating the tribe.
0:04:13 > 0:04:16- The only way to describe it - is pathetic.
0:04:16 > 0:04:20- I know that everybody - has to earn a living...
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- ..but that was absolutely shocking.
0:04:32 > 0:04:35- This place is a combination - of Rhyl and Betws-y-Coed.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39- Betws-y-Coed - because of the beautiful location...
0:04:40 > 0:04:42- ..and Rhyl because of the tat.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44- It's like going to the fairground.
0:04:45 > 0:04:48- When you go to the fair, - you win something worthless...
0:04:49 > 0:04:51- ..but you take it home all the same.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54- There's plenty - of worthless tat here.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58- I feel very uneasy about it.
0:04:59 > 0:05:03- It's as if you're sacrificing - your legacy in some way.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05- Selling your soul to the devil.
0:05:09 > 0:05:11- The town has been transformed...
0:05:12 > 0:05:15- ..by the opening of a huge casino - in the late 1990s.
0:05:16 > 0:05:18- It was once a poor place...
0:05:18 > 0:05:21- ..reliant on seasonal tourists - for income.
0:05:22 > 0:05:27- Since the casino opened, millions - of dollars have transformed the town.
0:05:27 > 0:05:29- Where are you guys coming from?
0:05:30 > 0:05:32- We're coming from Wales.
0:05:32 > 0:05:36- Just when I thought things - couldn't get any worse...
0:05:36 > 0:05:38- ..I met a so-called Chief.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40- ..I met a so-called Chief.- - My brother over here.
0:05:40 > 0:05:45- See, I used to dance with his dad - 20 years ago.
0:05:46 > 0:05:49- Then you move up to Chief, - like what I do...
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- ..and take pictures with the kids - and I make jewellery.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- And you entertain the tourists - by telling them tales?
0:05:57 > 0:05:57- Yep. Do magic.
0:05:57 > 0:05:59- Yep. Do magic.- - Posing for photos.
0:05:59 > 0:06:01- Do you make a good living?
0:06:01 > 0:06:03- Do you make a good living?- - Yeah, pretty good.
0:06:03 > 0:06:04- Well done.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08- I can't complain, - and I got the name Crazy Horse...
0:06:08 > 0:06:10- ..cos I got a whippin' every day.
0:06:10 > 0:06:12- I didn't like doing homework.
0:06:13 > 0:06:17- Well, you guys, it's Miller time. - I'm off.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21- Good to see you, Crazy Horse. - Take care, boy.
0:06:21 > 0:06:24- Whoo! He's off his head.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26- You could smell the alcohol on him.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29- Hey, is Wales in Scotland?
0:06:29 > 0:06:34- No, it's part of the UK. England, - Scotland, Ireland and Wales.
0:06:34 > 0:06:36- It's part of the UK.
0:06:36 > 0:06:37- Cool beans.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39- Cool beans.- - Yeah, that's it.
0:06:39 > 0:06:45- I've been strolling up and down here - for an hour or two...
0:06:45 > 0:06:49- ..and I haven't heard anyone - speaking the language.
0:06:49 > 0:06:51- I've yet to meet a real Cherokee.
0:06:52 > 0:06:56- I don't expect them to be - walking around in their costumes.
0:06:57 > 0:07:01- This place - is full of pretend Cherokees.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03- Tourist Cherokees.
0:07:09 > 0:07:14- I'm glad to leave and I'm on my way - to meet a real Chief.
0:07:15 > 0:07:19- After seeing the town, - I'm not sure what to expect.
0:07:19 > 0:07:24- I find him and some of his friends - working hard in a vegetable garden.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26- Chief! Good to meet you.
0:07:26 > 0:07:28- Iolo. Hiya.
0:07:29 > 0:07:30- What are these, potatoes?
0:07:30 > 0:07:33- What are these, potatoes?- - Potatoes, yeah.
0:07:33 > 0:07:37- He explains that he's a kind - of president of the Cherokees...
0:07:37 > 0:07:40- ..an official nation within the USA.
0:07:40 > 0:07:44- He learnt about business and wealth - in New York...
0:07:44 > 0:07:48- ..and returned home to lead - his tribe in a new direction.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52- But in the modern world, - is there room for old traditions?
0:07:52 > 0:07:55- Our goal today - is to make sure that we realize...
0:07:56 > 0:07:59- ..that the language - is the number one priority...
0:07:59 > 0:08:02- ..and of course, - our culture and traditions.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07- To make sure that we're putting - resources in the right place.
0:08:07 > 0:08:12- Teachers, not only in the Cherokee - school system, but elsewhere.
0:08:12 > 0:08:16- We want to give Indian students - a proper opportunity...
0:08:16 > 0:08:18- ..to learn the language.
0:08:18 > 0:08:20- Meeting the man is a privilege.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- I couldn't help comparing the Chief - to President Obama.
0:08:25 > 0:08:27- Thanks for sparing some time today.
0:08:27 > 0:08:31- Could we meet up later in the week - once I've seen a bit more?
0:08:32 > 0:08:33- I would hope so.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37- You might be interested - in going turkey hunting.
0:08:37 > 0:08:39- You have to get up early.
0:08:40 > 0:08:44- I have to admit, when I knew - I was coming to meet the Chief...
0:08:44 > 0:08:48- ..stupidly, - I expected to see someone...
0:08:48 > 0:08:52- ..dressed in the full regalia, - with all the feathers.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55- Of course, that's stupid of me.
0:08:56 > 0:09:01- He's a politician, so you'd expect - a suit and tie, perhaps.
0:09:01 > 0:09:04- But fair play to him, - he's a man of the people.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07- He comes gardening here - almost every night.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10- I've also been invited - to go hunting with him.
0:09:11 > 0:09:14- I've never seen a wild turkey, - and I want to see one.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17- I have nothing against hunting...
0:09:17 > 0:09:20- ..but I definitely - won't be shooting a turkey.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29- Though the Cherokee have forgiven...
0:09:29 > 0:09:32- ..they haven't forgotten their past.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35- Primary school head teacher Gill...
0:09:35 > 0:09:39- ..is eager to tell me more - about the history.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42- HE SPEAKS NATIVE LANGUAGE
0:09:43 > 0:09:44- Good, thanks.
0:09:49 > 0:09:53- The river has always been central - to the Cherokee's life.
0:09:53 > 0:09:57- They were masters of the canoe - and supreme fishermen...
0:09:57 > 0:10:01- ..and travelled long distances - to hunt and sell goods.
0:10:04 > 0:10:07- There's no better way - to enjoy wildlife.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15- As I canoe down the river - in this traditional way...
0:10:15 > 0:10:18- ..I travel back in time.
0:10:18 > 0:10:21- We reach the sacred mound of Cowee.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25- This place was lost - to the white man many years ago.
0:10:25 > 0:10:29- More recently, - salt was rubbed into the wound.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34- This is sacred ground - for the Cherokee.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38- This was a large community. - More than 100 families lived here.
0:10:39 > 0:10:47- The tribe bought back the land - after the white man took it from us.
0:10:48 > 0:10:50- This is your land...
0:10:50 > 0:10:55- ..and it's tragic - that you've had to buy it back.
0:10:55 > 0:11:06- It's not unusual, but how can you - put a price on heritage?
0:11:15 > 0:11:18- There's an atmosphere - in these places.
0:11:18 > 0:11:23- I wanted to describe to you - how it might have looked.
0:11:23 > 0:11:27- We're going back 2,000 years...
0:11:27 > 0:11:32- ..a time when the Romans - had conquered Britain.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35- At that time, here at the summit...
0:11:35 > 0:11:39- ..there would have been - a huge house...
0:11:39 > 0:11:42- ..where 500 people would have lived.
0:11:43 > 0:11:47- The village itself would have been - on the lowland below us...
0:11:47 > 0:11:51- ..all the way across to here.
0:11:51 > 0:11:54- Some 400-500 people - would have lived here.
0:11:54 > 0:12:00- The river encompasses this area, - so it was easy to defend.
0:12:00 > 0:12:05- The river was the main route - out of here to Tennessee...
0:12:05 > 0:12:08- ..Carolina and beyond.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11- They could travel - for hundreds of miles.
0:12:11 > 0:12:16- They would grow crops of beans - and suchlike down there.
0:12:16 > 0:12:18- The town square...
0:12:18 > 0:12:21- ..would have been over there...
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- ..where the children - would have played.
0:12:24 > 0:12:29- It's hard to believe now, - but it was in this very spot...
0:12:29 > 0:12:32- ..500 years ago...
0:12:32 > 0:12:37- ..that they met the white man - for the first time.
0:12:39 > 0:12:39- .
0:12:43 > 0:12:43- 888
0:12:43 > 0:12:45- 888- - 888
0:12:46 > 0:12:50- I'm on a journey into the unique - world of the Cherokee.
0:12:51 > 0:12:54- The tribe has experienced - great upheaval...
0:12:54 > 0:12:57- ..and the language has suffered - as a consequence.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01- Only 1% of the population - now speaks the mother tongue.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04- This is a brand new primary school.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08- It was paid for by the revenue - from the casino.
0:13:08 > 0:13:12- With the language - in a such a vulnerable state...
0:13:12 > 0:13:14- ..its future is here.
0:13:14 > 0:13:18- Until the age of six, pupils are - educated in the Cherokee language.
0:13:19 > 0:13:21- I'm going to find out - what goes on here.
0:13:29 > 0:13:32- This incredible school - was opened in 2009.
0:13:33 > 0:13:37- Everything here is brand new - and no expense has been spared.
0:13:37 > 0:13:41- These are the best resources - I've ever seen in any school.
0:13:42 > 0:13:46- Another government threat - to Native Americans...
0:13:47 > 0:13:49- ..came in the late 19th century.
0:13:49 > 0:13:54- A generation of Cherokee children - were taken from their families...
0:13:54 > 0:13:58- ..and forced to attend - English-only boarding schools.
0:13:58 > 0:14:03- Their culture suffered and it was - a catastrophe for the language.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07- Today, the great-grandchildren - of that generation are fighting back.
0:14:08 > 0:14:11- They are the language's future.
0:14:11 > 0:14:15- It's nice to come to school - and hear nothing but Cherokee.
0:14:16 > 0:14:21- When I was a schoolboy in Llanwddyn, - Welsh was the only language spoken.
0:14:23 > 0:14:29- But that all changed and English - became the dominant language.
0:14:32 > 0:14:36- They're calling me a name - which means bogeyman!
0:14:41 > 0:14:43- HE ROARS
0:14:44 > 0:14:48- I spend more time with them - doing various activities.
0:14:48 > 0:14:51- A nature trail - to learn about plants...
0:14:51 > 0:14:54- ..and even a dance lesson.
0:15:02 > 0:15:05- I'm led to a language lesson...
0:15:05 > 0:15:10- ..and I notice immediately - that they take their work seriously.
0:15:10 > 0:15:12- This is my Cherokee room.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15- English stops here.
0:15:16 > 0:15:17- Thank you.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26- CHILDREN SING ALPHABET
0:15:41 > 0:15:43- SHE SPEAKS CHEROKEE
0:15:43 > 0:15:46- This is a lesson on the alphabet.
0:15:46 > 0:15:50- Their alphabet - is so different from ours.
0:15:53 > 0:15:55- I'm going to join in with them.
0:15:55 > 0:15:59- Not a word of English is spoken - in the classroom.
0:15:59 > 0:16:01- It's OK for me to speak Welsh...
0:16:02 > 0:16:05- ..but no English, - which is a good thing.
0:16:05 > 0:16:10- That's the only way these children - are going to learn the language.
0:16:23 > 0:16:27- This is difficult. - There are more than 80 characters.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- Some of them are syllables too. - It's a difficult language.
0:16:31 > 0:16:34- Participating in the lesson...
0:16:35 > 0:16:38- ..makes me realize - the school's importance.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41- They are so close - to losing their language.
0:16:41 > 0:16:43- This is the future.
0:16:47 > 0:16:49- HE SINGS ALPHABET IN CHEROKEE
0:16:54 > 0:17:00- While the lesson continues, - I'm going to talk to the teacher.
0:17:00 > 0:17:02- It must be wonderful for you...
0:17:03 > 0:17:06- ..to be able to speak - to the children in your own language.
0:17:07 > 0:17:12- It's a pleasure hearing my mother - tongue spoken by the children.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16- It's heart-warming.
0:17:19 > 0:17:23- When I was young, I feared - that the language would die...
0:17:23 > 0:17:27- ..but now we're entering - a period of hope in our history.
0:17:32 > 0:17:33- Thank you.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47- Imagine if there were only - 300 people left in Wales...
0:17:47 > 0:17:49- ..who could speak the language.
0:17:50 > 0:17:55- Imagine how you'd feel after making - the effort to teach your children...
0:17:55 > 0:18:00- ..and learning it at home - and at school, only for it to vanish.
0:18:00 > 0:18:05- We'd lose a huge part of what - makes us Welsh, what sets us apart.
0:18:05 > 0:18:09- It's understandable - why it means so much to her.
0:18:16 > 0:18:18- I haven't had a language lesson - in 20 years...
0:18:19 > 0:18:21- ..and this is my second of the day.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24- I came to this cafe for a cuppa...
0:18:24 > 0:18:28- ..and there's a language lesson - going on in the back.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31- A young boy - is giving a Cherokee lesson...
0:18:31 > 0:18:37- ..to a group of people, - some part-Cherokee, some white.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40- It's great to see a night school - for adults.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55- I ask the young teacher - about the Cherokee culture.
0:18:55 > 0:18:59- He explains the ancient game - of Indian stickball.
0:18:59 > 0:19:03- It's physical game - once used as training for battle.
0:19:03 > 0:19:06- There's hardly any rules - in the game.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10- The last game they played - before it was stopped...
0:19:10 > 0:19:12- ..fourteen people died in the game.
0:19:13 > 0:19:14- So you still play the game now?
0:19:14 > 0:19:17- So you still play the game now?- - Yes. I'm on my way after this.
0:19:17 > 0:19:19- Would you like to come?
0:19:19 > 0:19:24- I'd love to come along - and have a look. You don't mind?
0:19:24 > 0:19:25- That's fine.
0:19:25 > 0:19:26- That's fine.- - Fantastic.
0:19:28 > 0:19:30- Do you want to follow me up there?
0:19:30 > 0:19:32- Great. Thank you.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40- There are the lads. There's quite - a few of them sweating!
0:19:41 > 0:19:43- They're big lads too.
0:19:43 > 0:19:45- Well-built lads.
0:19:47 > 0:19:51- I soon realize - that I'm not here to watch.
0:19:52 > 0:19:54- Bruce, the leader, - makes his way over.
0:19:55 > 0:19:58- His body is covered - in warrior tattoos...
0:19:58 > 0:20:01- ..and he's missing most of his teeth.
0:20:01 > 0:20:05- Ancient rules prohibit me - from stepping onto the field...
0:20:05 > 0:20:07- ..until I'm bare-chested.
0:20:07 > 0:20:09- And my watch?
0:20:09 > 0:20:11- And my watch?- - You can leave it on...
0:20:11 > 0:20:15- ..but you'll be picking it up - at the pawnshop Monday morning.
0:20:16 > 0:20:18- Only joking, man!
0:20:18 > 0:20:19- OK.
0:20:23 > 0:20:29- I walk onto the pitch, shoeless - and shirtless, armed with a stick.
0:20:29 > 0:20:32- There's a real primitive feel - to it all.
0:20:33 > 0:20:35- He ran over somebody the other day.
0:20:36 > 0:20:39- The game has started.
0:20:45 > 0:20:49- I'm lost among the cracking - of sticks and the war cries.
0:20:49 > 0:20:51- Hey, Rugby!
0:20:53 > 0:20:56- The aim is to run the ball - around your tree...
0:20:56 > 0:20:59- ..at the furthest end of the pitch.
0:21:00 > 0:21:02- But it's easier said than done.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05- Suddenly, we score.
0:21:05 > 0:21:07- Is he on our team?
0:21:07 > 0:21:08- Is he on our team?- - Yeah.
0:21:12 > 0:21:14- I've always played rugby...
0:21:14 > 0:21:16- ..so I went in for the tackle.
0:21:17 > 0:21:18- Get him, Rugby!
0:21:18 > 0:21:20- Get him, Rugby!- - I'm known as Rugby from now on.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23- But I make a mess of things - and get penalized.
0:21:28 > 0:21:32- The game continues, hit after hit, - goal after goal.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36- Suddenly, I get a run - and it's a great feeling.
0:21:40 > 0:21:44- I soon get to grips with it - and it helps my confidence.
0:21:44 > 0:21:47- Indian ball - is all about right there, boy.
0:22:04 > 0:22:06- Watch his arm!
0:22:09 > 0:22:12- Suddenly, one of the boys is down.
0:22:13 > 0:22:15- Someone has been injured.
0:22:15 > 0:22:19- These lads don't go down - for no reason. He's been hurt.
0:22:19 > 0:22:23- Get under his arm. Pick him up.
0:22:23 > 0:22:25- Come on, bring him over here.
0:22:25 > 0:22:27- HE PANTS
0:22:33 > 0:22:38- He's had quite a knock. - Two hefty lads jumped on him.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41- Their size makes this - a really rough game.
0:22:42 > 0:22:44- There's no holding back.
0:22:46 > 0:22:48- After the game, - the adrenalin's pumping.
0:22:49 > 0:22:53- The culture is alive, though none - of them speak the language.
0:22:53 > 0:22:57- A giant of a player called Moose - tells me there's more to this game.
0:22:58 > 0:23:01- Just to carry on the culture. - Can't be no warrior no more.
0:23:02 > 0:23:04- This is the closest we can do.
0:23:04 > 0:23:08- It's gotta be in here - to wanna be a ball player.
0:23:08 > 0:23:10- You gotta have it in your heart.
0:23:10 > 0:23:13- You gotta take the pounding, - you know.
0:23:13 > 0:23:18- It's gotta be in your blood. - If it ain't, this ain't for you.
0:23:18 > 0:23:22- Despite Moose's words, - the lads invite me...
0:23:22 > 0:23:24- ..to play in a proper game.
0:23:24 > 0:23:27- You wanna play in the game with us?
0:23:27 > 0:23:31- It would be a great honour. - Thank you very much indeed.
0:23:32 > 0:23:35- They've invited me...
0:23:35 > 0:23:38- ..to play in a game - at tomorrow's festival.
0:23:38 > 0:23:42- They've been training twice a week - for a month.
0:23:42 > 0:23:46- I don't think they've invited me - because I'm a good player...
0:23:46 > 0:23:50- ..but they're a man down - since the lad was injured.
0:23:50 > 0:23:52- It's a real honour.
0:23:54 > 0:23:58- When I arrived in Cherokee - for the first time...
0:23:58 > 0:24:02- ..I thought that it was - a typical American town...
0:24:02 > 0:24:07- ..where they sell everything - and eat unhealthy fast food.
0:24:07 > 0:24:13- But scrape beneath the surface - and there are characters here...
0:24:14 > 0:24:16- ..and people who are fighting...
0:24:16 > 0:24:20- ..to keep the language - and traditions going.
0:24:20 > 0:24:25- Although many of them are teachers - and educated individuals...
0:24:25 > 0:24:29- ..it was refreshing - to meet these ordinary lads.
0:24:29 > 0:24:32- They're playing their part too.
0:24:33 > 0:24:35- The young ones don't realize it...
0:24:35 > 0:24:38- ..but they're definitely - playing their part.
0:24:39 > 0:24:39- .
0:24:43 > 0:24:43- 888
0:24:43 > 0:24:45- 888- - 888
0:24:46 > 0:24:50- My journey into the unique world - of the Cherokee continues.
0:24:51 > 0:24:56- At the start of the Victorian era, - when coal was king in Wales...
0:24:57 > 0:25:00- ..a massive influx of settlers - to America...
0:25:00 > 0:25:03- ..changed the Cherokees' lives - for ever.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06- Driven by an insatiable desire - for wealth...
0:25:07 > 0:25:09- ..thousands joined the Gold Rush.
0:25:10 > 0:25:14- One thing I've heard a lot about - is the Trail of Tears.
0:25:14 > 0:25:18- I'm heading into this forest...
0:25:18 > 0:25:21- ..to see whether I can uncover - a part of this trail.
0:25:24 > 0:25:28- The native tribes' land - was rich in gold.
0:25:28 > 0:25:33- Greedy white men came here - from all four corners of the world.
0:25:33 > 0:25:39- On 28th May, 1830, - the Indian Removal Act was passed.
0:25:41 > 0:25:46- I think I'm in the right place - to see the Trail of Tears.
0:25:46 > 0:25:49- It's up here somewhere in the trees.
0:25:49 > 0:25:55- It was definitely the darkest time - in the Cherokee's history.
0:26:01 > 0:26:05- People were forced out - of their homeland by the army...
0:26:05 > 0:26:09- ..and sent to live - on worthless land further west.
0:26:11 > 0:26:16- After hearing so much about - the Trail of Tears...
0:26:16 > 0:26:18- ..it's strange to be here.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22- In a way, - I feel as if I'm trespassing.
0:26:22 > 0:26:27- Back in 1838, - hundreds of horses and carts...
0:26:27 > 0:26:33- ..would have squeezed through here - on the way to Oklahoma.
0:26:34 > 0:26:40- Of the 16,000 that set off, - almost half of them died.
0:26:41 > 0:26:44- They didn't just die - from starvation...
0:26:45 > 0:26:49- ..disease and hypothermia, - because they went in winter.
0:26:49 > 0:26:52- Some died of broken hearts.
0:26:53 > 0:27:00- The Cherokee strongly believe - that this is their spiritual home.
0:27:01 > 0:27:03- This is where - they were destined to be.
0:27:04 > 0:27:08- Taking them away from that - is almost like killing a nation.
0:27:18 > 0:27:22- There were tragic consequences - to the Trail of Tears.
0:27:22 > 0:27:25- The Cherokee - were forced into Oklahoma...
0:27:25 > 0:27:28- ..and they're still there - to this day.
0:27:28 > 0:27:33- But before the removal, - a handful escaped to the mountains.
0:27:33 > 0:27:38- The Eastern Band of Cherokee - are their descendants.
0:27:38 > 0:27:40- But consider this.
0:27:40 > 0:27:45- Before they were forced to leave, - the Cherokee's land...
0:27:45 > 0:27:48- ..stretched over eight states.
0:27:48 > 0:27:50- By today...
0:27:52 > 0:27:55- ..that's all the land - they have left.
0:27:55 > 0:27:59- That is less - than the size of Cardiff.
0:28:07 > 0:28:12- Everything changed for the Cherokee - once the white man settled here.
0:28:12 > 0:28:17- Everywhere you look, there are - symbols of one obvious change.
0:28:18 > 0:28:20- Christianity.
0:28:20 > 0:28:26- I've heard quite a bit - about Cherokee spirituality.
0:28:26 > 0:28:29- A few have mentioned - that they believe in God...
0:28:29 > 0:28:32- ..as well as the Cherokee religion.
0:28:32 > 0:28:38- I can't quite understand - how the two religions can coexist.
0:28:40 > 0:28:44- I'm on my way to a church service - in the community of Snowbird...
0:28:44 > 0:28:47- ..a short distance - from the town of Cherokee.
0:28:48 > 0:28:50- HYMN SINGING
0:28:50 > 0:28:56- There are more than 20 different - religious denominations in the area.
0:28:56 > 0:29:00- These days, Christianity - has a strong presence.
0:29:07 > 0:29:13- At Zion Hill church, they worship - both in English and Cherokee.
0:29:13 > 0:29:17- I want to understand the effect - that religion has on their lives.
0:29:17 > 0:29:19- # Save me from all sin
0:29:19 > 0:29:22- # Save me from all sin #
0:29:26 > 0:29:31- It's a very American-looking church - with an evangelical atmosphere.
0:29:32 > 0:29:34- HE SPEAKS CHEROKEE
0:29:38 > 0:29:43- A complex myth about the creator - is central to the Cherokee religion.
0:29:44 > 0:29:48- They believe that people - and animals live in harmony...
0:29:49 > 0:29:52- ..which is very different - from Christianity.
0:29:52 > 0:29:54- MAN SINGS IN CHEROKEE
0:30:31 > 0:30:33- Well...
0:30:33 > 0:30:37- ..either this is very different - from a chapel service at home...
0:30:37 > 0:30:41- ..or it's been a very long time - since I've been to chapel.
0:30:41 > 0:30:44- It's nice, in a way.
0:30:44 > 0:30:47- Each to their own.
0:30:47 > 0:30:50- Some people - are obviously comforted by it.
0:30:50 > 0:30:55- One man knelt down to pray - and he started crying...
0:30:55 > 0:31:00- ..and shouting things like, - "God, you're the only friend I have."
0:31:00 > 0:31:02- He obviously finds comfort in this.
0:31:03 > 0:31:05- I'd better be quiet now.
0:31:06 > 0:31:09- The traditional religion - is obviously absent...
0:31:10 > 0:31:13- ..no matter in which language - they worship.
0:31:16 > 0:31:18- Happy Mother's Day.
0:31:21 > 0:31:23- Happy Mother's Day to you.
0:31:26 > 0:31:28- That was quite an experience.
0:31:28 > 0:31:31- I've seen that kind of thing - on television...
0:31:31 > 0:31:34- ..but I've never witnessed it myself.
0:31:36 > 0:31:41- On the whole, I have to say - that it was a pleasant service.
0:31:41 > 0:31:44- There was a lot of laughter and fun.
0:31:44 > 0:31:48- It was very different from what - I was used to growing up...
0:31:48 > 0:31:52- ..when I just sat there quietly - and said nothing.
0:31:52 > 0:31:56- It was very welcoming - in that respect.
0:31:56 > 0:32:00- Before leaving, - I have a word with the minister.
0:32:00 > 0:32:02- Is it possible to be a Christian...
0:32:03 > 0:32:06- ..as well as a believer - in the Cherokee religion?
0:32:06 > 0:32:09- The Bible teaches us - to follow Jesus.
0:32:09 > 0:32:13- Once you accept the Gospel, - you're reborn.
0:32:13 > 0:32:16- This is the only way to salvation.
0:32:17 > 0:32:21- It's difficult, - but you have to change direction...
0:32:21 > 0:32:25- ..and put aside the old beliefs - of our forefathers.
0:32:26 > 0:32:30- We can't let anything - come between ourselves and Christ.
0:32:31 > 0:32:33- So you're saying...
0:32:34 > 0:32:38- ..that if you strongly believe - in the old tradition...
0:32:39 > 0:32:42- ..you can't be a true Christian?
0:32:43 > 0:32:45- Preacher, you're a good man.
0:32:45 > 0:32:47- Thank you very much.
0:32:52 > 0:32:54- That was an interesting conversation.
0:32:55 > 0:32:59- I spoke to some of the church's - congregation after the service...
0:33:00 > 0:33:02- ..as well as the minister.
0:33:02 > 0:33:06- They all told me - that you can't be a Christian...
0:33:06 > 0:33:09- ..and believe in Christ and God...
0:33:09 > 0:33:13- ..and also be a believer - in the Cherokee way of life.
0:33:13 > 0:33:16- That makes me think.
0:33:16 > 0:33:20- If you're a committed Christian...
0:33:20 > 0:33:26- ..and a Cherokee - who doesn't speak the language...
0:33:28 > 0:33:32- ..are you still a Cherokee?
0:33:32 > 0:33:34- Perhaps not.
0:33:41 > 0:33:41- .
0:33:43 > 0:33:43- 888
0:33:43 > 0:33:45- 888- - 888
0:33:50 > 0:33:51- Good morning.
0:33:51 > 0:33:56- It's 5.00am and I'm taking - the Chief up on his offer...
0:33:56 > 0:33:59- ..to go hunting for wild turkeys.
0:33:59 > 0:34:03- He's picking me up around 5.20am.
0:34:04 > 0:34:06- I'll wait for him here.
0:34:07 > 0:34:11- I've had a real insight - into the Cherokee way of life.
0:34:11 > 0:34:14- But there is still a lot - I don't understand.
0:34:14 > 0:34:19- Soon, the Chief, his father and his - hunting friends arrive in a 4x4.
0:34:19 > 0:34:23- With our mugs of coffee, - we head off into the mountains.
0:34:24 > 0:34:25- Let's go.
0:34:29 > 0:34:33- We venture - deep into the pitch-black forest.
0:34:39 > 0:34:44- The Chief tells me that the turkeys - move swiftly from valley to valley.
0:34:44 > 0:34:47- There's no telling - where they'll be.
0:34:47 > 0:34:51- We've been out here - for around half an hour.
0:34:51 > 0:34:53- The Chief's father...
0:34:56 > 0:34:59- ..is able to imitate - the turkey call.
0:34:59 > 0:35:03- He had a response early on - when it started getting light...
0:35:03 > 0:35:05- ..but nothing since then.
0:35:05 > 0:35:07- They're now using a device.
0:35:08 > 0:35:10- MECHANICAL TURKEY CALL
0:35:21 > 0:35:25- It's exciting to see - the hunters at work.
0:35:26 > 0:35:30- But despite their efforts, - there is no reply from the turkeys.
0:35:34 > 0:35:36- As dawn breaks slowly...
0:35:36 > 0:35:41- ..we wait patiently - for any signs from the turkeys.
0:35:42 > 0:35:46- They sense danger easily, - and I sense the Chief does too.
0:35:47 > 0:35:50- I wait for the right time...
0:35:51 > 0:35:54- ..to probe the Chief - about his politics.
0:35:54 > 0:35:56- Edible.
0:35:56 > 0:35:58- A wild salad.
0:35:58 > 0:35:59- Is it?
0:35:59 > 0:36:03- With no turkeys in sight, - the Chief's father...
0:36:03 > 0:36:08- ..shows me plants and herbs - that they use as food or medicine.
0:36:08 > 0:36:11- The Chief's father is a wise man.
0:36:11 > 0:36:13- Real good when you cook it up.
0:36:13 > 0:36:15- Since coming to Cherokee...
0:36:16 > 0:36:20- ..I've noticed that the language - and traditions are suffering greatly.
0:36:21 > 0:36:23- But since the casino opened...
0:36:23 > 0:36:27- ..the Cherokee are beginning - to resurrect their culture.
0:36:28 > 0:36:30- Can I ask you, Chief...
0:36:30 > 0:36:35- ..have you seen Cherokee, - the town and the area...
0:36:35 > 0:36:40- ..have you seen major changes here - in the last 20, 25 years or so?
0:36:40 > 0:36:45- It wasn't too long ago - that folks still used outhouses.
0:36:45 > 0:36:47- We didn't have indoor plumbing.
0:36:48 > 0:36:53- Within the last 20 years, living - standards have really changed.
0:36:54 > 0:36:58- The casino has helped a lot - with year-round employment.
0:36:58 > 0:37:03- Previously, it wasn't uncommon - to have 30% unemployment in winter.
0:37:04 > 0:37:09- We don't want to become - a trashy casino town with pawnshops.
0:37:09 > 0:37:12- That's not the Cherokee - that we want to see.
0:37:12 > 0:37:15- We want to make sure - that we grow smart...
0:37:15 > 0:37:18- ..and give people services - and facilities...
0:37:19 > 0:37:21- ..that will help them - for many generations.
0:37:22 > 0:37:24- I like the man.
0:37:24 > 0:37:29- Politicians often give you - the answers that you want to hear.
0:37:29 > 0:37:33- But the answers he gave - came from the heart.
0:37:33 > 0:37:37- He's a man of the people - as well as a politician.
0:37:37 > 0:37:40- It's difficult - to get that balance right.
0:37:40 > 0:37:45- But you can see that his friends - have great respect for him...
0:37:45 > 0:37:47- ..and the people respect him too.
0:37:48 > 0:37:52- I think he's doing incredible work.
0:37:58 > 0:38:01- Typical! We've been hunting - for turkeys all morning.
0:38:01 > 0:38:07- Now that I'm heading back to town, - there are two by the roadside!
0:38:07 > 0:38:10- I'd better not tell the others.
0:38:17 > 0:38:21- This is the casino - that I've heard so much about.
0:38:21 > 0:38:25- I'm meeing a lady - called Myrtle Driver...
0:38:25 > 0:38:27- ..in the casino's cafe.
0:38:27 > 0:38:31- She has lived in the town - all her life and seen it change.
0:38:31 > 0:38:35- We're not allowed to film - on the casino floor...
0:38:35 > 0:38:37- ..but we're allowed into the cafe.
0:38:43 > 0:38:46- The casino is enormous - and continues to grow.
0:38:47 > 0:38:51- They will have invested 600m - in the place by 2012.
0:38:51 > 0:38:54- There's no denying its success.
0:38:54 > 0:38:57- It generates hundreds of millions - of dollars a year.
0:38:58 > 0:39:01- The casino employs - 25% of the Cherokee population.
0:39:01 > 0:39:07- Every year, each member of the tribe - receives a payment of around 6,000.
0:39:10 > 0:39:12- I just wanted to ask you...
0:39:12 > 0:39:16- ..if you remember the town - of Cherokee...
0:39:17 > 0:39:21- ..before the casino - and the wealth arrived?
0:39:21 > 0:39:29- Yes. Living standards have improved - immensely since it opened.
0:39:29 > 0:39:39- But having more money has made it - easier for people to be led astray.
0:39:39 > 0:39:42- That's the reason - for the current drug problem.
0:39:43 > 0:39:48- The Cherokee way is to look after - the whole community.
0:39:48 > 0:39:52- That's more precious than money.
0:39:52 > 0:39:55- That sense of community - has been lost.
0:39:56 > 0:40:02- In this modern age, when so much - emphasis is placed on wealth...
0:40:02 > 0:40:06- ..it's nice to hear that some things - are more important than money.
0:40:07 > 0:40:11- We're controlled by money. - It's pure selfishness.
0:40:11 > 0:40:16- The same selfishness the white man - showed during the Trail of Tears.
0:40:17 > 0:40:25- Our greed makes us no better than - the people who killed our ancestors.
0:40:26 > 0:40:29- I want to see the Cherokee - arrest the casino's development...
0:40:30 > 0:40:34- ..and place more emphasis - on the old way of life.
0:40:35 > 0:40:40- We can then get back to living as - a community as the creator intended.
0:40:42 > 0:40:45- When this casino expands...
0:40:45 > 0:40:49- ..it's obviously going to cause - more problems.
0:40:49 > 0:40:54- Although there is more money, - the community has lost its focus.
0:40:54 > 0:40:57- It reminds me of my childhood - in Llanwddyn.
0:40:58 > 0:41:00- During the lambing season...
0:41:00 > 0:41:04- ..and the harvest - when bales needed to be carried...
0:41:04 > 0:41:08- ..people would go from farm to farm - helping each other.
0:41:08 > 0:41:10- It was hard work, but it was fun.
0:41:11 > 0:41:13- It brought people together too.
0:41:13 > 0:41:15- That has disappeared now.
0:41:15 > 0:41:21- It's similar to what has happened - back home in rural Wales.
0:41:22 > 0:41:26- If the casino expands, - the problems are going to multiply.
0:41:37 > 0:41:40- On my journey - into the world of the Cherokee...
0:41:41 > 0:41:45- ..the day of the big game is here - and I wonder whether I should play.
0:41:46 > 0:41:48- There are two things, really.
0:41:48 > 0:41:52- It would be disrespectful of me - to turn them down...
0:41:52 > 0:41:57- ..because not everybody is invited - to play stickball with them.
0:41:57 > 0:42:03- I could also learn more about - the spiritual side of the game.
0:42:03 > 0:42:05- It's more than just a game.
0:42:06 > 0:42:10- Only by playing - will I get to speak to the lads.
0:42:10 > 0:42:13- I think I will head down there - for a game.
0:42:13 > 0:42:17- I get to the field - and a small crowd has assembled.
0:42:17 > 0:42:19- There's also an ambulance.
0:42:20 > 0:42:24- Before the game, I ask Bruce - why this game is so important.
0:42:25 > 0:42:27- As a boy, I took part in these.
0:42:27 > 0:42:30- There was always this part - of the spirituality...
0:42:30 > 0:42:33- ..that I didn't understand - at that time.
0:42:33 > 0:42:37- Now I understand it, I want - these young boys to understand.
0:42:37 > 0:42:42- With spirituality, a person has to - live it before he can tell others.
0:42:42 > 0:42:45- Only then does it become real.
0:42:55 > 0:42:57- Whoo-hoo!
0:42:57 > 0:42:58- Whoo!
0:42:58 > 0:43:00- Whoo!- - Whoo-hoo!
0:43:01 > 0:43:02- Whoo!
0:43:02 > 0:43:04- Whoo-hoo!
0:43:04 > 0:43:05- Whoo!
0:43:05 > 0:43:07- Whoo!- - Whoo-hoo!
0:43:07 > 0:43:09- Whoo!
0:43:12 > 0:43:16- They're getting ready - with all kinds of rituals.
0:43:16 > 0:43:18- Nobody else can touch my stick.
0:43:19 > 0:43:22- That's why they're moving them - with pieces of wood.
0:43:22 > 0:43:27- We're going to be matched up - with people of the same build.
0:43:27 > 0:43:31- They've matched me - with their best player, Big Moose.
0:43:31 > 0:43:33- He's a giant.
0:43:50 > 0:43:55- As the game comes to life, - we get off to a bad start.
0:43:55 > 0:43:57- We've lost already.
0:44:05 > 0:44:09- Moose is a giant. He pushes everyone - out of his way to score.
0:44:18 > 0:44:22- I try to get into the game, - but it's relentless.
0:44:22 > 0:44:24- I've lost my stick.
0:44:25 > 0:44:29- I understand why stickball - is the closest thing to battle.
0:44:40 > 0:44:44- The game has ended, - but I have no idea of the score.
0:44:44 > 0:44:47- All I know - is that I've been in a battle.
0:44:47 > 0:44:50- I enjoyed that, I must admit. - I really enjoyed it.
0:44:51 > 0:44:54- When we lined up at the end...
0:44:54 > 0:44:57- ..the coach gave us - an interesting talk.
0:44:57 > 0:45:02- He told us that the game - came from the heart...
0:45:02 > 0:45:04- ..more than anything else.
0:45:04 > 0:45:07- It was part of their tradition.
0:45:07 > 0:45:10- When they go out - on the field of play...
0:45:10 > 0:45:13- ..they're not only representing - the team...
0:45:14 > 0:45:18- ..but their forefathers - and their forefathers before them.
0:45:18 > 0:45:23- The Cherokee as a whole, - so they should play with pride.
0:45:23 > 0:45:28- Following a brief ceremony giving - thanks for the day's courage...
0:45:28 > 0:45:31- ..it was time to discuss the game - over some food.
0:45:31 > 0:45:35- As at the rugby club at home, - the post-match conversation...
0:45:36 > 0:45:38- ..is an analysis of the clash.
0:45:38 > 0:45:44- Tawodi, how important - is the Cherokee culture...
0:45:44 > 0:45:46- ..to you as an individual?
0:45:47 > 0:45:50- I'm glad to be a Cherokee - like my ancestors.
0:45:50 > 0:45:55- A lot of people - have lost their way...
0:45:55 > 0:46:01- ..and followed the white man's - culture, language and clothes.
0:46:02 > 0:46:06- They're afraid of living - in the traditional Cherokee way...
0:46:06 > 0:46:11- ..because that path - isn't always an easy one.
0:46:12 > 0:46:14- It's a way of life for us, man.
0:46:14 > 0:46:18- For me it is, because it teaches you - so much about yourself...
0:46:19 > 0:46:21- ..and about these guys.
0:46:21 > 0:46:24- It just makes you stronger - on the inside.
0:46:24 > 0:46:27- It's the brotherhood right here.
0:46:27 > 0:46:31- It's only now - that I'm covered in bruises...
0:46:31 > 0:46:35- ..that I truly understand - this ancient tribe's spirit.
0:46:35 > 0:46:39- Though their world has changed, - their warrior spirit remains.
0:46:40 > 0:46:45- For me, it's what makes the Cherokee - a proud and unique nation.
0:46:49 > 0:46:53- I return to the site where the battle - for the language continues.
0:46:54 > 0:46:58- The Cherokee of the future - want to say goodbye.
0:46:58 > 0:47:00- CHILDREN SING IN CHEROKEE
0:47:06 > 0:47:11- It's so encouraging to come here - and see a brand new school...
0:47:11 > 0:47:15- ..with modern facilities - and the pupils...
0:47:15 > 0:47:19- ..speaking no other language - but Cherokee.
0:47:19 > 0:47:22- There's a lot of positivity here.
0:47:22 > 0:47:26- Not only in this school - but also in the town.
0:47:27 > 0:47:30- The school is the heart - of the community.
0:47:30 > 0:47:35- This is the key to the future - of the Cherokee right here.
0:48:02 > 0:48:05- I'm envious of the Cherokee.
0:48:05 > 0:48:08- They live in a wonderful area...
0:48:08 > 0:48:11- ..surrounded by trees and mountains.
0:48:12 > 0:48:17- The tribe has suffered more than most - at the hands of the white man.
0:48:17 > 0:48:19- But they've moved on.
0:48:19 > 0:48:21- If I had come here a decade ago...
0:48:21 > 0:48:25- ..I would have met - a downtrodden community...
0:48:25 > 0:48:28- ..that was losing - its language and culture.
0:48:28 > 0:48:30- But things have changed.
0:48:31 > 0:48:33- Money is being generated here.
0:48:33 > 0:48:37- A monolingual school has opened.
0:48:37 > 0:48:40- There's employment here...
0:48:40 > 0:48:43- ..and the culture - is making a comeback.
0:48:43 > 0:48:47- I've been here - during a period of prosperity.
0:48:47 > 0:48:52- I'd say that the future - is looking bright for the Cherokee.
0:48:53 > 0:48:56- CHILDREN SING IN CHEROKEE
0:49:12 > 0:49:14- S4C Subtitles by Eirlys A Jones
0:49:14 > 0:49:14- .