Pennod 3

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0:00:00 > 0:00:00- *

0:00:02 > 0:00:05- Boundaries are there to be pushed.

0:00:06 > 0:00:10- I'm Gareth Potter, - a DJ and actor by profession.

0:00:10 > 0:00:12- My parents didn't speak Welsh.

0:00:12 > 0:00:16- I've always been aware - of linguistic boundaries.

0:00:18 > 0:00:21- This series is about a real, - geographical boundary.

0:00:22 > 0:00:26- I want to understand the - borderlands' history and culture...

0:00:27 > 0:00:29- ..and meet people who live here.

0:00:30 > 0:00:34- Does living on a border - create its own unique identity?

0:00:34 > 0:00:38- Come with me - on a journey to find out.

0:00:44 > 0:00:49- My route has taken me - to Offa's Dyke near Holywell...

0:00:50 > 0:00:54- ..Chester, on the modern border, - Chirk and Oswestry.

0:00:54 > 0:00:58- Today, I'm in Powys, - in the old Montgomeryshire.

0:00:59 > 0:01:04- Welshpool, in the Severn Valley, - is four miles from England.

0:01:04 > 0:01:07- It's market day, - so off I go to the mart.

0:01:15 > 0:01:20- I have relatives who farm. - I know nothing about the business.

0:01:20 > 0:01:24- I've seen the glamorous - Royal Welsh Show version.

0:01:24 > 0:01:27- This is the day-to-day reality...

0:01:28 > 0:01:30- ..of sheep and cattle farming.

0:01:31 > 0:01:33- What strikes me straightaway...

0:01:33 > 0:01:36- ..is the smell...

0:01:36 > 0:01:38- ..of dung and ammonia...

0:01:39 > 0:01:42- ..the sounds - of the farmers trading...

0:01:42 > 0:01:44- ..and the animals.

0:01:45 > 0:01:47- It's non-stop.

0:01:49 > 0:01:55- Surrounded by fertile valleys, - it's no surprise it's a big mart.

0:01:55 > 0:01:59- It is one of Europe's - largest sheep markets.

0:01:59 > 0:02:02- The mart was in the town centre.

0:02:02 > 0:02:06- It's moved to new buildings - on the town outskirts.

0:02:07 > 0:02:10- It's bustling! - The farmers interrupt each other.

0:02:10 > 0:02:14- I've heard Welsh, English, - and unfamiliar accents.

0:02:16 > 0:02:21- Right, then. This townie will - try to understand what is going on.

0:02:24 > 0:02:27- Are you busy? - Do you come here often?

0:02:28 > 0:02:30- Every week in summer.

0:02:30 > 0:02:31- Alright?

0:02:32 > 0:02:34- Are you buying or selling?

0:02:34 > 0:02:35- Selling.

0:02:36 > 0:02:37- Selling.

0:02:37 > 0:02:38- Selling.- - Selling.

0:02:38 > 0:02:40- Selling, I hope!

0:02:40 > 0:02:42- Are you buying or selling?

0:02:42 > 0:02:43- Are you buying or selling?- - Buying.

0:02:43 > 0:02:45- Having a good feel.

0:02:45 > 0:02:47- Where do you farm?

0:02:47 > 0:02:49- Where do you farm?- - Dinas Mawddwy.

0:02:49 > 0:02:52- It's a fantastic area. - You've come quite far.

0:02:53 > 0:02:55- Yes. It's a 45 minute journey.

0:02:56 > 0:02:57- Have you come far?

0:02:57 > 0:02:58- Have you come far?- - No.

0:02:58 > 0:03:00- Are you local?

0:03:00 > 0:03:02- Newtown.

0:03:03 > 0:03:04- Down the road.

0:03:05 > 0:03:07- From where do people - come to the mart?

0:03:07 > 0:03:09- All over Wales.

0:03:09 > 0:03:11- From over the border...

0:03:12 > 0:03:15- ..from Shropshire.

0:03:15 > 0:03:16- How far have you come?

0:03:16 > 0:03:17- How far have you come?- - Wrexham.

0:03:17 > 0:03:19- It's quite a way.

0:03:20 > 0:03:22- How Welsh is the mart?

0:03:22 > 0:03:26- It's not bad. - You'll hear quite a bit of Welsh.

0:03:26 > 0:03:29- Perhaps it's not - as Welsh as Dolgellau.

0:03:30 > 0:03:32- You hear plenty of Welsh.

0:03:32 > 0:03:38- A lot of the people understand - Welsh, but don't speak it.

0:03:38 > 0:03:40- It's as if they're scared!

0:03:42 > 0:03:46- I met one of the mart's busiest men - in the canteen.

0:03:47 > 0:03:50- Glandon Lewis is an auctioneer.

0:03:50 > 0:03:52- Busy day?

0:03:52 > 0:03:53- Busy day?- - Very busy.

0:03:53 > 0:03:59- There are 14,000 sheep here. It's - one of the year's biggest entries.

0:03:59 > 0:04:02- There are 250 stock cattle....

0:04:02 > 0:04:05- ..and a cow and calf sale.

0:04:05 > 0:04:08- There are around 30 of them.

0:04:08 > 0:04:10- It's a busy day.

0:04:10 > 0:04:13- What is the history of the mart?

0:04:13 > 0:04:15- Why is it in Welshpool?

0:04:16 > 0:04:20- It goes back a long, long time.

0:04:20 > 0:04:24- Welshpool is a market town.

0:04:25 > 0:04:28- It has been for centuries.

0:04:29 > 0:04:34- We moved to the new market - in 2009.

0:04:35 > 0:04:39- The old mart was in the town centre.

0:04:40 > 0:04:42- This building...

0:04:42 > 0:04:46- ..can hold up to 15,000 sheep...

0:04:46 > 0:04:48- ..and 1,500 cattle.

0:04:49 > 0:04:53- As far as the market itself...

0:04:53 > 0:04:57- ..it's been a market town - for centuries.

0:04:57 > 0:05:00- It's an agricultural area.

0:05:01 > 0:05:04- There is a lot of stock - in the vicinity.

0:05:04 > 0:05:09- It provides livelihoods - for the area.

0:05:09 > 0:05:13- Is it a very Welsh area?

0:05:15 > 0:05:18- Well... how can I put it?

0:05:18 > 0:05:21- There have been big changes.

0:05:22 > 0:05:26- I've been in this job for 30 years - and I've seen big changes.

0:05:27 > 0:05:31- More people are moving - from England to Wales.

0:05:31 > 0:05:33- They only speak English.

0:05:34 > 0:05:38- The increased number of incomers - has an affect on the language.

0:05:39 > 0:05:43- But the Welsh people who - still live here are enthusiastic.

0:05:43 > 0:05:47- There are many good things - going on...

0:05:47 > 0:05:51- ..to keep the language alive.

0:05:54 > 0:05:58- Welshpool is known as - "The Gateway To Wales".

0:05:58 > 0:06:02- Its Welsh name, Y Trallwng, - means "marshy land".

0:06:02 > 0:06:06- It was just "Pool" - until "Welsh" was added in 1835.

0:06:06 > 0:06:10- This was to avoid confusion - with Poole in Dorset.

0:06:13 > 0:06:16- It's a busy town, - and as I walk around...

0:06:16 > 0:06:19- ..it feels like a historical place.

0:06:19 > 0:06:25- There are fine buildings here, - particularly The Cockpit.

0:06:26 > 0:06:31- The horrendous and bloody practice - of cockfighting took place here.

0:06:31 > 0:06:36- It's a venue for more sedate - activities now, thank goodness.

0:06:38 > 0:06:43- This eight-sided building was built - in the early 18th century.

0:06:43 > 0:06:47- It was used for 150 years...

0:06:47 > 0:06:51- ..until cockfighting - was made illegal in 1849.

0:06:52 > 0:06:56- It's the only cockpit in Wales - still in its original position.

0:06:57 > 0:06:59- There are no cocks here now.

0:06:59 > 0:07:03- The Powys-Montgomery Women's - Institute is based here.

0:07:05 > 0:07:10- Thanks for the welcome - to your centre.

0:07:10 > 0:07:11- It's a wonderful place.

0:07:11 > 0:07:12- It's a wonderful place.- - Yes.

0:07:12 > 0:07:15- We're quite choosy...

0:07:15 > 0:07:16- ..so you're very special.

0:07:16 > 0:07:20- ..so you're very special.- - Thank you! I feel very privileged.

0:07:20 > 0:07:25- The women are members - of local WIs branches...

0:07:26 > 0:07:30- ..Castle Caereinion, Aberhafesp, - Newtown and Llanymynech.

0:07:30 > 0:07:34- There are more than 30 branches - in the area.

0:07:35 > 0:07:40- I've asked many people - who live in this area...

0:07:40 > 0:07:43- ..if they feel Welsh, English, - or different.

0:07:43 > 0:07:45- What about you?

0:07:46 > 0:07:48- We're Welsh.

0:07:50 > 0:07:53- There are many incomers - all over the place.

0:07:53 > 0:07:57- There are a lot in Llanymynech.

0:07:57 > 0:08:00- What about you?

0:08:00 > 0:08:01- How do you feel?

0:08:01 > 0:08:03- How do you feel?- - I don't speak Welsh.

0:08:03 > 0:08:05- Oh, I'm sorry!

0:08:05 > 0:08:07- I'm the one!

0:08:07 > 0:08:10- I can understand a little bit.

0:08:10 > 0:08:13- When I was a child, we spoke Welsh.

0:08:14 > 0:08:18- That's how old I am! They were - phasing Welsh out everywhere.

0:08:19 > 0:08:20- Before I came back in!

0:08:20 > 0:08:23- Before I came back in!- - I understand it a little bit more.

0:08:23 > 0:08:24- One girl said...

0:08:25 > 0:08:29- .."If you speak Welsh, you'll - never get in the hockey team."

0:08:29 > 0:08:32- My grandmother said, - "She's English."

0:08:32 > 0:08:35- They'd speak in Welsh - and I'd answer in English.

0:08:35 > 0:08:37- How do you find this area?

0:08:37 > 0:08:39- How do you find this area?- - I had a flower shop in town.

0:08:39 > 0:08:42- I found it handy - that I could understand Welsh.

0:08:43 > 0:08:48- I remember people coming in saying - flowers were cheaper somewhere else.

0:08:48 > 0:08:51- I said, "These are fresh today," - in Welsh.

0:08:51 > 0:08:53- Fair play!

0:08:53 > 0:08:56- It was handy then.

0:08:56 > 0:08:58- Very good.

0:09:00 > 0:09:06- The WI is renowned for fundraising, - supporting causes and campaigns...

0:09:06 > 0:09:12- ..as well as arts, crafts, - cooking, drama, and much more...

0:09:12 > 0:09:15- ..including their calendars.

0:09:15 > 0:09:17- Marian is in this.

0:09:18 > 0:09:21- Marian is in the calendar! - Which month is she?

0:09:21 > 0:09:22- May.

0:09:22 > 0:09:24- April.

0:09:25 > 0:09:29- Well, well, well, Marian!

0:09:31 > 0:09:34- I hope it raises a lot of money.

0:09:34 > 0:09:36- Eva is in it.

0:09:37 > 0:09:37- Where are you?

0:09:37 > 0:09:38- Where are you?- - August.

0:09:39 > 0:09:41- I'll have a look.

0:09:44 > 0:09:46- Here you are, by the bins!

0:09:47 > 0:09:49- I know my place!

0:09:51 > 0:09:52- It's brilliant.

0:09:53 > 0:09:57- Where are you? In January? - On the front there.

0:09:57 > 0:09:59- How much did we make?

0:09:59 > 0:10:01- How much did we make?- - 5,000, I think.

0:10:01 > 0:10:05- You raised 5,000?!

0:10:05 > 0:10:09- For Air Ambulance. Brilliant.

0:10:09 > 0:10:12- I'll take this away with me.

0:10:17 > 0:10:19- Coming up, a train journey...

0:10:19 > 0:10:22- ..and a hill walk with Rhys Mwyn.

0:10:23 > 0:10:23- .

0:10:27 > 0:10:27- Subtitles

0:10:27 > 0:10:29- Subtitles- - Subtitles

0:10:35 > 0:10:38- My journey along - the border continues.

0:10:39 > 0:10:42- I've reached - the hills and valleys of Powys.

0:10:43 > 0:10:48- I'm told one of the best ways - to see the area...

0:10:49 > 0:10:52- ..is by steam train - to Llanfair Caereinion.

0:10:52 > 0:10:54- It's a historical line.

0:10:55 > 0:11:00- I met Glyn Evans, who volunteers - with the railway, to hear more.

0:11:02 > 0:11:06- It's one of Wales's - loveliest journeys and valleys.

0:11:06 > 0:11:09- In the 19th century...

0:11:09 > 0:11:12- ..local people wanted a railway.

0:11:13 > 0:11:18- A narrow gauge line was built from - Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion.

0:11:18 > 0:11:21- It opened in 1903.

0:11:22 > 0:11:25- They called it "the holiday line".

0:11:25 > 0:11:28- There were two trains, - except on Monday.

0:11:28 > 0:11:32- It left Welshpool at 11.00am, - so there was no early start.

0:11:32 > 0:11:36- They had a week here, - then three weeks on the main line.

0:11:36 > 0:11:40- They relaxed on this one. - There was never any rush.

0:11:41 > 0:11:46- They stopped to gather - blackberries and runner beans...

0:11:46 > 0:11:48- ..or cut pea sticks.

0:11:48 > 0:11:52- Once they'd left Welshpool, - they could suit themselves.

0:11:53 > 0:11:56- But, for a number of reasons, - by 1931...

0:11:56 > 0:11:59- ..the line - had closed to travellers.

0:12:00 > 0:12:04- The train still - carried goods until 1956...

0:12:05 > 0:12:10- ..lime, coal, slag, - and agricultural implements.

0:12:12 > 0:12:14- It carried animals...

0:12:15 > 0:12:17- ..and wool at shearing time.

0:12:17 > 0:12:20- The trucks usually came back empty.

0:12:20 > 0:12:23- Trucks carried four tons of coal.

0:12:23 > 0:12:28- But the train could only pull - 28 tons, or seven trucks...

0:12:29 > 0:12:31- ..because the line was so steep.

0:12:31 > 0:12:33- TRAIN WHISTLE

0:12:34 > 0:12:36- But after a lot of hard work...

0:12:36 > 0:12:41- ..volunteers managed to reopen part - of the line for passengers in 1963.

0:12:42 > 0:12:44- A company was set up.

0:12:45 > 0:12:48- It took seven years - to cut the red tape...

0:12:49 > 0:12:51- ..before reopening the line.

0:12:53 > 0:12:57- One of the main problems was - locating the trains and trucks...

0:12:58 > 0:13:01- ..and getting permission - to move them.

0:13:02 > 0:13:06- Trucks were stored at the site - of the present Tesco store.

0:13:07 > 0:13:10- British Rail wanted - to get rid of them.

0:13:10 > 0:13:15- But obtaining legal permission - to move them was problematic.

0:13:15 > 0:13:17- That was the obstacle.

0:13:22 > 0:13:26- The rules about moving - them were misunderstood.

0:13:27 > 0:13:31- As it happened, a pair - of horses were being shod...

0:13:31 > 0:13:35- ..in a back street smithy - near the line.

0:13:36 > 0:13:38- They borrowed the shire horses...

0:13:39 > 0:13:42- ..to pull the trucks, - one or two at a time.

0:13:43 > 0:13:45- British Rail was furious...

0:13:46 > 0:13:50- ..that they'd been moved - without permission.

0:13:50 > 0:13:54- But if it was illegal - to move them originally...

0:13:54 > 0:13:55- CHUCKLES

0:13:56 > 0:13:58- ..it was illegal to move them back!

0:13:58 > 0:14:00- LAUGHTER

0:14:00 > 0:14:02- So they stayed here.

0:14:10 > 0:14:13- There's something - very romantic about steam.

0:14:14 > 0:14:16- Is it part of your life?

0:14:16 > 0:14:17- Yes.

0:14:18 > 0:14:20- One of my earliest memories...

0:14:20 > 0:14:24- ..was when I lived - in Nant yr Eira, near Llanerfyl.

0:14:24 > 0:14:27- We could hear - the whistle from Talerddig.

0:14:27 > 0:14:32- It was a westerly wind, - so you knew it would rain.

0:14:32 > 0:14:36- In the 1960s, I'd go to fetch - medicine for my grandfather.

0:14:36 > 0:14:40- We'd cross the road - to look at the engines.

0:14:40 > 0:14:43- I joined the line - when I came back from college.

0:14:43 > 0:14:47- I'm not much of a mechanic. - I can't repair engines.

0:14:47 > 0:14:49- But I do other things.

0:14:49 > 0:14:53- I work in the shop, - preparing snacks and sandwiches.

0:14:53 > 0:14:55- I sell tickets.

0:14:55 > 0:14:56- I do that kind of thing.

0:14:57 > 0:14:59- The appeal is participating.

0:14:59 > 0:15:00- Yes.

0:15:01 > 0:15:03- It's like a big family of friends.

0:15:17 > 0:15:19- It's easy to understand the appeal.

0:15:20 > 0:15:21- WHISTLE

0:15:21 > 0:15:23- I won't call it romance.

0:15:24 > 0:15:28- But there's something special - about steam trains.

0:15:37 > 0:15:41- After the journey - on the famous train...

0:15:41 > 0:15:45- ..I've come to an interesting - place near Welshpool...

0:15:46 > 0:15:48- ..to meet archaeologist Rhys Mwyn.

0:15:49 > 0:15:54- This is Caer Ddigoll, a hill fort - dating back about 2,000 years.

0:15:54 > 0:15:56- But who lived here?

0:15:56 > 0:15:59- Was there a border to defend?

0:16:00 > 0:16:02- Two thousand years ago...

0:16:02 > 0:16:06- ..there was no such thing - as Wales, England and Llanrwst.

0:16:06 > 0:16:08- There were no English.

0:16:08 > 0:16:13- Everyone in Britain, certainly - in the south of Britain...

0:16:13 > 0:16:15- ..were Britons.

0:16:16 > 0:16:20- We call them Celts, but there is - a lot of discussion these days...

0:16:20 > 0:16:25- ..about whether there was a Celtic - people, or just a Celtic culture.

0:16:25 > 0:16:29- It's more precise - to say native people.

0:16:31 > 0:16:34- There are hill forts - along this valley...

0:16:34 > 0:16:37- ..stretching out - to the English plains.

0:16:38 > 0:16:41- They were probably defensive forts.

0:16:42 > 0:16:45- There's an embankment - and ditch here.

0:16:45 > 0:16:49- They dug the ditch and built - an embankment with the soil.

0:16:49 > 0:16:53- There would be - a wooden palisade on top of that.

0:16:54 > 0:16:58- It's an Iron Age version - of a castle.

0:16:59 > 0:17:03- But there are many questions - about their purpose.

0:17:04 > 0:17:06- Were they totally defensive?

0:17:07 > 0:17:12- Or did they have another purpose, - such as a market or meeting place?

0:17:12 > 0:17:16- The big question is, - did people live here permanently?

0:17:17 > 0:17:20- No-one has ever excavated - here in Caer Ddigoll.

0:17:20 > 0:17:23- The simple answer is we don't know.

0:17:27 > 0:17:32- Actually, the Clwyd-Powys - Archaeological Trust...

0:17:32 > 0:17:35- ..has bought the hill.

0:17:35 > 0:17:37- So at least it's safe.

0:17:37 > 0:17:42- One interesting feature - is the woodland in the fort.

0:17:42 > 0:17:46- Tree roots destroy the archaeology.

0:17:47 > 0:17:53- If there were roundhouses inside the - fort, perhaps with wooden frames...

0:17:53 > 0:17:56- ..the roots would - gradually destroy them.

0:17:58 > 0:18:02- If you see a pattern - in the wood, you're right.

0:18:02 > 0:18:04- It is ER.

0:18:04 > 0:18:08- The trees were planted to - commemorate the queen's coronation.

0:18:09 > 0:18:12- Is this hill fort - associated with Welshpool?

0:18:13 > 0:18:16- It's just down there.

0:18:16 > 0:18:18- There's no link with the town.

0:18:18 > 0:18:20- Welshpool dates back...

0:18:20 > 0:18:24- ..to the days of the Normans - and the princes of Powys...

0:18:25 > 0:18:29- ..in the 11th and 12th centuries.

0:18:30 > 0:18:35- There was constant conflict - between Wales and England.

0:18:37 > 0:18:41- A thousand years ago, - they were called Wales and England.

0:18:42 > 0:18:45- Castles were built in the valleys...

0:18:46 > 0:18:49- ..to control - the approaches to Wales.

0:18:50 > 0:18:53- Then gradually, - in the wake of the castles...

0:18:53 > 0:18:55- ..towns developed.

0:18:55 > 0:18:57- So a town like Welshpool...

0:18:57 > 0:19:00- ..is a medieval market town.

0:19:02 > 0:19:05- Rhys grew up a few miles from here.

0:19:05 > 0:19:08- Archaeology - is his main job these days.

0:19:09 > 0:19:13- But I know him better as a member - of the punk band Anhrefn.

0:19:13 > 0:19:17- # Running up and down, - running to Paris #

0:19:17 > 0:19:20- The band pushed - boundaries in the 1980s.

0:19:20 > 0:19:23- They began gigging in this area...

0:19:23 > 0:19:27- ..singing in Welsh to mainly - English-speaking audiences.

0:19:27 > 0:19:32- How do archaeology and punk music - come together in one man?

0:19:33 > 0:19:36- When you're a teenager...

0:19:37 > 0:19:39- ..you question everything.

0:19:39 > 0:19:44- Music is a source - and a means to question things.

0:19:44 > 0:19:49- That's why I derive so much - pleasure from archaeology now.

0:19:49 > 0:19:51- It's all about questioning...

0:19:52 > 0:19:54- ..and finding the questions.

0:19:55 > 0:20:00- It teaches you not to always expect - certainty or definite answers.

0:20:00 > 0:20:03- But we must challenge - ourselves all the time...

0:20:03 > 0:20:06- ..about what we think - of these places.

0:20:06 > 0:20:09- We have to reinterpret - and be ready to adapt.

0:20:10 > 0:20:13- From the standpoint - of the Welsh language...

0:20:13 > 0:20:15- ..there has to be a dialogue.

0:20:16 > 0:20:19- The biggest problems - I've ever had...

0:20:19 > 0:20:23- ..is when questioning - Welsh institutions...

0:20:24 > 0:20:28- ..even Plaid Cymru - or the Welsh Language Society.

0:20:28 > 0:20:31- The most controversial position...

0:20:31 > 0:20:36- ..is discussing the direction - of Welsh culture or politics.

0:20:36 > 0:20:39- The moment you start - to raise questions...

0:20:39 > 0:20:44- ..words like "traitor" and - "Englishman" are bandied about...

0:20:45 > 0:20:46- ..which is madness.

0:20:48 > 0:20:51- You feel like that - each time you open your mouth.

0:20:51 > 0:20:53- But it's so important.

0:20:53 > 0:20:57- If you can't express yourself - or voice an opinion...

0:20:58 > 0:21:02- ..the freedom they all claim - to search for, isn't worth having.

0:21:02 > 0:21:05- That's totally fundamental.

0:21:05 > 0:21:09- To return to the idea - of boundaries and a border...

0:21:09 > 0:21:13- ..it's important therefore - to push the boundary.

0:21:13 > 0:21:15- Or to ignore it?

0:21:15 > 0:21:16- It's a good question.

0:21:17 > 0:21:22- We travelled Europe with Anhrefn, - to places like Zurich and Paris.

0:21:23 > 0:21:25- People asked if we were from Wales.

0:21:25 > 0:21:29- We said, "Yeah, we're from - Wales and we sing in Welsh.

0:21:29 > 0:21:33- "Get rid of your passports - and get rid of borders."

0:21:33 > 0:21:36- So Offa's Dyke hasn't kept you in.

0:21:36 > 0:21:38- That's the interesting thing.

0:21:38 > 0:21:41- For most people, - Offa's Dyke is a symbol.

0:21:42 > 0:21:46- We talk of crossing the border - and passing Offa's Dyke.

0:21:46 > 0:21:50- When you live on it and are used - to jumping over it every day...

0:21:51 > 0:21:56- ..it becomes less prominent somehow, - psychologically too.

0:21:56 > 0:22:01- I think we're used to the idea - of being on the border...

0:22:01 > 0:22:05- ..linguistically, - geographically and politically.

0:22:05 > 0:22:09- We shopped in places - like Shrewsbury and Oswestry...

0:22:09 > 0:22:11- ..and crossed the border.

0:22:11 > 0:22:16- When we were in school, we went to - gigs in the Music Hall, Shrewsbury.

0:22:16 > 0:22:21- We crossed this thing, - Offa's Dyke, all the time.

0:22:21 > 0:22:24- So it wasn't a big deal.

0:22:24 > 0:22:26- "Oh, we've crossed the border."

0:22:26 > 0:22:29- We did it all the time.

0:22:29 > 0:22:32- Although we were all - aware of Offa's Dyke...

0:22:33 > 0:22:36- ..it almost disappeared - from our psyche.

0:22:36 > 0:22:41- We didn't have to respect it, - because we walked on both sides.

0:22:44 > 0:22:48- I'll continue to walk on both - sides in the next programme.

0:22:49 > 0:22:54- I'll visit Knighton - and the charming Ludlow...

0:22:54 > 0:22:56- ..looking for more border stories.

0:23:12 > 0:23:14- S4C Subtitles by Gwead

0:23:14 > 0:23:14- .