0:00:00 > 0:00:00- Subtitles
0:00:00 > 0:00:02- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:00:02 > 0:00:06- We spend about two years - of our lives in the toilet.
0:00:07 > 0:00:10- But most of us - prefer not to talk about it.
0:00:11 > 0:00:15- This week, I visit - the Golden Poo Awards in London...
0:00:15 > 0:00:20- ..where toilet humour is used - for a serious purpose...
0:00:21 > 0:00:23- ..and the World Toilet Congress...
0:00:23 > 0:00:29- ..where you can splash the cash - and splash the plastic.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45- So far, we've looked - at the history of the toilet...
0:00:45 > 0:00:48- ..and how its design developed.
0:00:48 > 0:00:53- We've seen how toilets - became common in the West...
0:00:53 > 0:00:55- ..and some Oriental countries too.
0:00:57 > 0:00:59- We take them for granted now.
0:00:59 > 0:01:01- Or do we?
0:01:01 > 0:01:05- Is our relationship - with the toilet that simple?
0:01:05 > 0:01:09- We even have trouble - agreeing what to call it.
0:01:10 > 0:01:12- What do you call the toilet?
0:01:12 > 0:01:14- The smallest room.
0:01:14 > 0:01:15- The smallest room.- - Loo.
0:01:15 > 0:01:17- It depends who I'm talking to.
0:01:17 > 0:01:18- It depends who I'm talking to.- - Shithouse.
0:01:19 > 0:01:20- Jeru.
0:01:20 > 0:01:21- Jeru.- - Bog.
0:01:21 > 0:01:22- Privy.
0:01:23 > 0:01:24- The throne.
0:01:24 > 0:01:30- Grandad said he was going to the - rotunda at the bottom of the garden.
0:01:31 > 0:01:33- It's such an important invention...
0:01:33 > 0:01:37- ..but we're very reluctant - to talk about it frankly.
0:01:37 > 0:01:39- This is the toilet paradox.
0:01:39 > 0:01:43- As they became more common - in our society...
0:01:44 > 0:01:48- ..we became shyer about discussing - what happens in them.
0:01:48 > 0:01:54- We use flowery language to avoid - discussing bodily functions...
0:01:54 > 0:01:56- ..that are natural and normal.
0:01:57 > 0:01:58- Pee.
0:01:58 > 0:01:59- Pee.- - Take a leak.
0:01:59 > 0:02:00- Shed a tear.
0:02:01 > 0:02:02- Wet a curl.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04- Shake hands with the kids' father.
0:02:05 > 0:02:06- Shake the lettuce.
0:02:07 > 0:02:10- For the other...
0:02:10 > 0:02:11- Dump.- Crap.
0:02:12 > 0:02:13- We don't talk about it.
0:02:14 > 0:02:15- Relieve myself.
0:02:16 > 0:02:17- Do my business.
0:02:17 > 0:02:18- Do my business.- - Open it for the hens.
0:02:18 > 0:02:21- Do my business. If I was - in a hurry, on the cloth.
0:02:21 > 0:02:23- Have a clearance.
0:02:23 > 0:02:24- Have a clearance.- - Have a BM.
0:02:25 > 0:02:26- Gran said, turn trousers.
0:02:27 > 0:02:30- Grandad said, I need a buckle.
0:02:30 > 0:02:34- I don't discuss it, - so I don't call it anything.
0:02:34 > 0:02:40- The Welsh haven't always been - reluctant to discuss these matters.
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- Here in Pwllheli, - toilets are common now.
0:02:45 > 0:02:49- When one of the first toilets was - built here in the 16th century...
0:02:49 > 0:02:51- ..by a certain Sion Galgarth...
0:02:52 > 0:02:55- ..his neighbour, - Richard Hughes of Cefn Llanfair...
0:02:55 > 0:02:58- ..wrote a plain-speaking englyn...
0:02:58 > 0:03:02- ..poking fun at him - for building such a place.
0:03:03 > 0:03:07- "What a fine sight - is his craphouse, from halfway up
0:03:08 > 0:03:11- "But dirt that has just been crapped
0:03:11 > 0:03:14- "Is everywhere, under his house"
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- There is still an audience today - for ribald englynion...
0:03:21 > 0:03:24- ..even in London's comedy clubs.
0:03:24 > 0:03:29- I'll finish with one of my own. - It's in Welsh, but quite short.
0:03:29 > 0:03:30- Vindaloo.
0:03:31 > 0:03:34- "In your mouth, - put the sharp delicacy
0:03:34 > 0:03:36- "Taste the fine, lingering burn
0:03:37 > 0:03:39- "And what a feeling, on the bog
0:03:39 > 0:03:41- "The next day
0:03:41 > 0:03:43- "To crap a hedgehog"
0:03:43 > 0:03:45- LAUGHTER
0:03:45 > 0:03:47- They enjoyed that.
0:03:48 > 0:03:52- I was at the Golden Poo Awards - in Balham, London.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55- The aim of the evening - is to celebrate toilet humour.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00- A man goes to the doctor with - lettuce sticking out of his bottom.
0:04:00 > 0:04:03- The doctor says, - "It's just the tip of the iceberg."
0:04:03 > 0:04:06- I asked the compere, Arthur Smith...
0:04:07 > 0:04:10- ..why do we think - going to the loo is so funny.
0:04:11 > 0:04:14- It is a fundamental thing we do. - Everyone does it.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18- We carry on with the illusion - that we don't really do it.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20- The Queen never shits, obviously.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- It's embarrassing.
0:04:24 > 0:04:28- Mind you, since my dog died, - I can't pass my farts off as his.
0:04:28 > 0:04:31- I get told off for farting, - like a lot of men.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33- I'm not doing it deliberately.
0:04:34 > 0:04:35- If you are doing it deliberately...
0:04:35 > 0:04:36- If you are doing it deliberately...- - That's clever.
0:04:37 > 0:04:39- Then you've got an act.
0:04:39 > 0:04:41- And indeed, some people have.
0:04:41 > 0:04:45- Roland the Farter, I think - he was the jester of Henry II.
0:04:45 > 0:04:49- He used to come on with a leap, - a whistle and a fart...
0:04:49 > 0:04:55- ..to such great effect that he - was given a whole manor in Suffolk.
0:04:55 > 0:04:59- All evening, Arthur Smith - challenged some of the taboos...
0:04:59 > 0:05:02- ..that rule our relationship - with the toilet.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06- A man goes to the doctor and says, - "I've been shitting cubes."
0:05:06 > 0:05:10- The doctor says, "Stand up, take - your trousers down, turn around."
0:05:10 > 0:05:14- There's a bit of snipping and the - doctor says, "You'll be OK now."
0:05:14 > 0:05:17- The bloke says, - "What have you done?"
0:05:17 > 0:05:22- "I've just cut three inches - off the bottom of your string vest."
0:05:23 > 0:05:26- But the event - has a serious purpose.
0:05:27 > 0:05:32- To raise awareness of the billions - of people without toilets.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35- It's clearly a really - important subject.
0:05:35 > 0:05:37- We treat it extremely trivially.
0:05:37 > 0:05:42- The French writer Rabelais - had a whole thing he wrote...
0:05:42 > 0:05:46- ..about the best way - to wipe your arse.
0:05:46 > 0:05:49- He concluded it was a swan's neck.
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- If you're caught short - in the country, sphagnum moss.
0:05:53 > 0:05:57- It's better than toilet paper. - It's wet and absorbent.
0:05:57 > 0:06:03- You just pull a bit off, and you - hardly damage the environment.
0:06:08 > 0:06:14- Toilet paper was invented in 1857 - by the American, Joseph Gayetty.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18- So what did people use before that?
0:06:18 > 0:06:21- In different societies - down the ages...
0:06:22 > 0:06:25- ..people have used - the oddest things.
0:06:25 > 0:06:26- For example...
0:06:27 > 0:06:28- ..feathers.
0:06:30 > 0:06:31- Or shells.
0:06:32 > 0:06:33- Or even...
0:06:34 > 0:06:35- ..sweetcorn.
0:06:36 > 0:06:39- After eating it, obviously.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43- Has any man here, not having - toilet paper in the house...
0:06:43 > 0:06:47- ..ended up wiping his arse - with a sock?
0:06:48 > 0:06:50- I guess there are.
0:06:53 > 0:06:57- As we saw earlier in the series - in this house in Tenby...
0:06:57 > 0:07:01- ..the Tudors didn't use socks.
0:07:01 > 0:07:05- They wiped their backsides - with wool.
0:07:05 > 0:07:10- It was a similar story - over Offa's Dyke in England.
0:07:10 > 0:07:15- In the mid-15th century, a certain - John Russell wrote a long poem...
0:07:15 > 0:07:19- ..teaching servants - how to look after their masters.
0:07:19 > 0:07:21- Its title was The Book Of Nurture.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26- It agrees that some kind - of flannel was in favour...
0:07:26 > 0:07:28- ..for wiping noble backsides.
0:07:28 > 0:07:30- This is what he said.
0:07:30 > 0:07:34- "Looke ther be blanket, cotyn - or lynyn to wipe the nethur ende
0:07:35 > 0:07:38- "And ever when he clepithe, - wayte ready and entende
0:07:38 > 0:07:42- "Basoune and ewere, and on - your shuldur a towelle, my frende
0:07:42 > 0:07:46- "In this wise worship shalle ye wyn - where that ever ye wende"
0:07:47 > 0:07:49- Even in the 15th century...
0:07:49 > 0:07:54- ..they understood the importance - of washing after going to the loo.
0:07:54 > 0:07:58- I asked scientist Ron Cutler - of Queen Mary College...
0:07:58 > 0:08:03- ..about the best way to clean - yourself after going to the loo...
0:08:03 > 0:08:08- ..and what are the diseases - we wash off our hands.
0:08:08 > 0:08:13- Ron and his team - are doing a survey of toilets...
0:08:13 > 0:08:15- ..to assess the various risks.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19- Here we are in the toilet. - Welcome to my world.
0:08:19 > 0:08:23- This is a typical cubicle - that we've been looking at...
0:08:23 > 0:08:27- ..where you're actually going - to find faecal flora, shall we say.
0:08:27 > 0:08:30- Not surprisingly, - on the toilet handle.
0:08:31 > 0:08:32- The door handle.
0:08:32 > 0:08:35- Even sometimes these dispensers.
0:08:36 > 0:08:40- After collecting samples, - he grows bacteria in the lab...
0:08:40 > 0:08:45- ..to discover what can flourish - on our hands if we don't wash them.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- This is actually MRSA. - It was isolated from a toilet.
0:08:52 > 0:08:54- So it's really important to...
0:08:54 > 0:08:56- Wash your hands.
0:08:58 > 0:09:03- In some countries, people wash - rather than wipe their backsides.
0:09:03 > 0:09:07- The norm in Asia - is to wash with the left hand...
0:09:07 > 0:09:09- ..and eat with the right hand.
0:09:10 > 0:09:14- That was one reason why thieves - had their hands chopped off.
0:09:14 > 0:09:19- They were obliged to eat and wash - themselves with the same hand.
0:09:19 > 0:09:25- But is washing the backside - more hygienic than wiping?
0:09:25 > 0:09:30- If you wash your bottom with water, - you're using your hands.
0:09:30 > 0:09:34- Therefore, it becomes - even more important...
0:09:34 > 0:09:36- ..that you wash - your hands afterwards.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- It may be a stimulus - for people to wash their hands.
0:09:40 > 0:09:43- Then again, people being - what they are, it may not.
0:09:43 > 0:09:47- Although your nether regions - may be clean...
0:09:47 > 0:09:49- ..your hands may not be so clean.
0:09:50 > 0:09:53- As far as paper goes, - there are huge problems.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58- Dry paper isn't 100% useful - for removing faeces...
0:09:59 > 0:10:01- ..from a surface such as skin.
0:10:01 > 0:10:06- But however you manage - to wipe your bottom...
0:10:06 > 0:10:09- ..you absolutely must - wash your hands...
0:10:09 > 0:10:12- ..even if you're using - toilet paper or wipes.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16- It's a matter of preference, - to be honest.
0:10:17 > 0:10:20- It seems that the world - can be divided...
0:10:20 > 0:10:23- ..into bottom wipers - and bottom washers.
0:10:23 > 0:10:28- The world is also divided - by how we do our business.
0:10:28 > 0:10:31- Sitting or squatting.
0:10:33 > 0:10:38- After the break, we see how Japan, - over the last 50 years...
0:10:38 > 0:10:42- ..has chosen to sit - rather than squat.
0:10:42 > 0:10:46- We visit China, to discuss the need - for toilets for the poor...
0:10:47 > 0:10:52- ..while traders target - the country's new moneyed class.
0:10:54 > 0:10:54- .
0:10:57 > 0:10:57- Subtitles
0:10:57 > 0:10:59- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- Anyone who has travelled abroad...
0:11:02 > 0:11:06- ..has come across - the hole in the ground toilet...
0:11:07 > 0:11:12- ..probably feeling rather awkward, - because we're not used to them.
0:11:13 > 0:11:17- Have you ever been in a toilet - where you had to squat?
0:11:18 > 0:11:20- No, but I've seen them in France.
0:11:21 > 0:11:24- I went to Zambia last year - and saw them there.
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- Would you risk it?
0:11:26 > 0:11:28- Would you risk it?- - If I had to, yes.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31- Not very comfortable.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- What were the problems?
0:11:34 > 0:11:37- Balance, mainly, trying to stay up.
0:11:38 > 0:11:40- Imagine the problem in reverse.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45- I remember going to a toilet - in an airport in Bangladesh once.
0:11:45 > 0:11:50- There were no squatting toilets, - although that was the norm.
0:11:50 > 0:11:55- On a toilet seat like this, - I saw footmarks.
0:11:55 > 0:11:59- If you're used to squatting - in the toilet...
0:11:59 > 0:12:03- ..that's the only way - to use a toilet like this.
0:12:03 > 0:12:08- But if the user is heavy like me, - they might break the seat...
0:12:08 > 0:12:11- ..or even crack the bowl.
0:12:11 > 0:12:17- So one Asian company - has designed this hybrid bowl...
0:12:17 > 0:12:19- ..which you can sit on...
0:12:19 > 0:12:22- ..or squat over.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25- But we can change our habits.
0:12:26 > 0:12:31- Japan has some of the world's - most sophisticated toilets.
0:12:31 > 0:12:36- Sitting on a toilet here is like - being in an aeroplane cockpit.
0:12:36 > 0:12:41- But sitting on a toilet - is fairly recent in Japan.
0:12:42 > 0:12:46- Before the Second World War, - squatting was the norm.
0:12:48 > 0:12:51- The Americans introduced - seat toilets to Japan...
0:12:52 > 0:12:54- ..at the end of the war.
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- But the Japanese have embraced - the design and made it their own...
0:13:00 > 0:13:02- ..even with toilets for children.
0:13:03 > 0:13:07- But it must be hard - for a whole nation...
0:13:07 > 0:13:12- ..to change their toilet habits - in one generation.
0:13:12 > 0:13:17- This is what author Yoko Mure - said about the "western toilet".
0:13:18 > 0:13:22- "The western toilet - is like sitting on a chair.
0:13:23 > 0:13:24- "I was horrified.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27- "If I got used to such a toilet...
0:13:27 > 0:13:32- "..I might start doing my business - every time I sat on a chair...
0:13:32 > 0:13:33- "..wherever I was...
0:13:34 > 0:13:37- "..even in a lesson - or at the dining table."
0:13:39 > 0:13:44- Although the Japanese changed - from squatting to sitting...
0:13:44 > 0:13:49- ..some scientists believe - that it's healthier to squat.
0:13:50 > 0:13:55- Sitting to defecate is more likely - to lead to bowel cancer.
0:13:57 > 0:14:00- In the USA, - where people sit on toilets...
0:14:01 > 0:14:04- ..it's the second - most common cancer.
0:14:05 > 0:14:10- But in Asia and Africa, where most - squat to do their business...
0:14:10 > 0:14:14- ..hardly anyone - suffers from bowel cancer.
0:14:15 > 0:14:17- Even now in Japan...
0:14:17 > 0:14:22- ..the older generation prefers - to use the squatting toilet.
0:14:23 > 0:14:25- Architect Junko Kobayashi...
0:14:25 > 0:14:28- ..specializes - in designing public toilets.
0:14:29 > 0:14:34- How does she cater for the needs - of the older and younger generation?
0:14:39 > 0:14:44- When I was asked to design toilets - for a shop in Shibuya, Tokyo...
0:14:44 > 0:14:49- ..the first thing we did - was find out who the users were.
0:14:53 > 0:14:58- In this particular shop, - 60% of the customers are over 50.
0:14:58 > 0:15:03- Although most Japanese toilets - are in the western design now...
0:15:03 > 0:15:08- ..some older people like - the traditional squatting toilet.
0:15:08 > 0:15:14- We made sure there was at least one - squatting toilet on every floor.
0:15:14 > 0:15:18- Women shoppers - usually carry several bags...
0:15:19 > 0:15:24- ..so we make sure - there are plenty of hooks too.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29- Having enough hooks...
0:15:30 > 0:15:34- ..isn't all that worries women - in Japanese toilets.
0:15:36 > 0:15:41- The Otohime, the princess's sound, - is a gadget you often find...
0:15:41 > 0:15:43- ..in women's toilets in Japan.
0:15:43 > 0:15:47- There was concern that women - wasted water by flushing...
0:15:48 > 0:15:53- ..to conceal the sound of peeing, - then flushing again.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57- So the princess's sound - was invented.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59- RECORDED FLUSHING
0:15:59 > 0:16:02- This idea isn't all that recent.
0:16:02 > 0:16:07- In the Edo period, when Japanese - princesses went to the toilet...
0:16:07 > 0:16:12- ..they made sure their maids - stood outside with jugs of water...
0:16:12 > 0:16:17- ..which they poured, - to conceal the princess's sound.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24- We're rather sensitive in Japan.
0:16:24 > 0:16:29- We feel very embarrassed - if someone hears us on the toilet.
0:16:29 > 0:16:31- That's why, for about 25 years...
0:16:31 > 0:16:37- ..toilet manufacturers have produced - these gadgets that do that for you.
0:16:37 > 0:16:41- But do we really need them?
0:16:41 > 0:16:46- After the recent tsunami, - some areas had no electricity.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- I heard about people who couldn't - go to the toilet without them...
0:16:50 > 0:16:52- ..making themselves ill.
0:16:52 > 0:16:57- Maybe we should rethink about our - dependence on high-tech toilets.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06- I thought about Junko's remarks...
0:17:06 > 0:17:11- ..and the way we use too much water - and other resources in toilets.
0:17:11 > 0:17:15- Now, the economies of countries - like China and India...
0:17:16 > 0:17:18- ..are growing at a great rate.
0:17:18 > 0:17:23- Will people there expect - electric toilets like Japan soon?
0:17:24 > 0:17:29- Or will an alternative - simpler system be required?
0:17:36 > 0:17:38- To try to answer the question...
0:17:38 > 0:17:43- ..I went to the annual conference - of the World Toilet Congress.
0:17:47 > 0:17:49- It was first held in 2001.
0:17:49 > 0:17:54- This year, it was held - on the Chinese island of Hainan.
0:17:55 > 0:18:00- I was surprised that many - of the exhibiting companies...
0:18:00 > 0:18:04- ..appealed in such a tasteless way - to China's new moneyed class.
0:18:05 > 0:18:10- The Japanese aren't the only ones - who like toilet gadgets, clearly.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14- But the conference's main aim...
0:18:14 > 0:18:19- ..is to provide more sustainable - toilets in every country.
0:18:21 > 0:18:23- Let's start talking - about toilets in Africa.
0:18:24 > 0:18:28- The conference was founded - by Jack Sim.
0:18:29 > 0:18:31- Better toilets for all countries.
0:18:31 > 0:18:35- Jack is a businessman - from Singapore.
0:18:36 > 0:18:41- He decided to dedicate his life - to promoting toilets for people...
0:18:41 > 0:18:46- ..who don't have them when he - realized the gravity of the problem.
0:18:48 > 0:18:51- Forty per cent - of the world population...
0:18:51 > 0:18:53- ..about 2.6 billion people...
0:18:54 > 0:18:57- ..still do not have access - to proper toilets.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00- Open defecation - pollutes the river...
0:19:00 > 0:19:04- ..their drinking water, - their lakes...
0:19:04 > 0:19:06- ..and also spreads diseases...
0:19:07 > 0:19:12- ..to the scale - of 1.5 million children...
0:19:12 > 0:19:14- ..dying of diarrhoea every year.
0:19:14 > 0:19:18- That is more deaths of children...
0:19:18 > 0:19:23- ..than measles, HIV - and malaria added up together.
0:19:25 > 0:19:27- With his experience in marketing...
0:19:28 > 0:19:33- ..Jack knew that his first task was - to raise awareness of the problem.
0:19:33 > 0:19:37- If we don't talk about something, - we cannot solve it.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40- So I created - the World Toilet Organization.
0:19:41 > 0:19:46- The idea was to play a pun - on the World Trade Organization...
0:19:46 > 0:19:49- ..so that we can turn - a very embarrassing subject...
0:19:49 > 0:19:52- ..into a very humorous subject.
0:19:52 > 0:19:57- It actually works, and the - global media took it on very well.
0:19:59 > 0:20:04- So turning toilets to humour - started to change the game.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09- People are now engaged - in this subject.
0:20:09 > 0:20:15- We see a lot of UN agencies - and companies paying attention.
0:20:15 > 0:20:18- I think we're on the up trend.
0:20:18 > 0:20:22- The lack of toilets - causes many deaths...
0:20:22 > 0:20:27- ..so there's a huge challenge - facing the delegates.
0:20:27 > 0:20:31- We don't have enough - public toilets in our cities.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35- Our school toilets - are very, very dated.
0:20:35 > 0:20:39- Smell is the key thing - that people complain about.
0:20:39 > 0:20:43- This is the user's - comfort and safety programme.
0:20:43 > 0:20:47- We suggest creating an international - toilet monitoring centre.
0:20:47 > 0:20:52- Public and private partnerships - must work together...
0:20:52 > 0:20:56- ..to make good hygiene practice - a shared responsibility.
0:20:56 > 0:21:00- It has become clear to me - that the lack of toilets...
0:21:00 > 0:21:04- ..is an enormous problem - facing the Third World.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08- Although we heard a lot - about the problem...
0:21:08 > 0:21:13- ..did we hear about solutions - that might solve it?
0:21:14 > 0:21:18- I decided to venture - outside the conference...
0:21:18 > 0:21:21- ..to see the problems for myself.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26- Hainan is being developed - as a holiday centre...
0:21:26 > 0:21:31- ..by the Chinese authorities, - a sort of interior Hawaii.
0:21:35 > 0:21:41- They've realized that high standard - toilets can help attract visitors.
0:21:43 > 0:21:45- This was delightful.
0:21:45 > 0:21:50- But what about the provision - in more remote areas?
0:21:54 > 0:21:57- China's economy - is growing so quickly...
0:21:58 > 0:22:02- ..that the Chinese apparently buy - 19 million toilets a year.
0:22:02 > 0:22:06- That's twice the amount - sold in the USA every year.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10- But that's mainly in Chinese cities.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14- In rural villages like this, - toilets are still scarce.
0:22:16 > 0:22:21- As I tried to find one, - my lack of Chinese didn't help.
0:22:21 > 0:22:23- LAUGHTER
0:22:29 > 0:22:31- This was quite pleasant.
0:22:31 > 0:22:36- A poem of greeting to spring - had been placed around the door.
0:22:36 > 0:22:40- Maybe we could borrow - that idea in Wales.
0:22:43 > 0:22:46- But generally speaking...
0:22:46 > 0:22:50- ..the Chinese want toilets like - ours.
0:22:52 > 0:22:56- They want toilets - of the same standard as the West.
0:22:57 > 0:23:01- Of the 2.6 billion people - in the world with no toilets...
0:23:01 > 0:23:05- ..eighty per cent live in Asia.
0:23:07 > 0:23:10- So it's in Asia that the problem...
0:23:11 > 0:23:16- ..of providing toilets - for the poor has to be solved.
0:23:20 > 0:23:24- In the next programme, - I visit Bangladesh...
0:23:24 > 0:23:27- ..to see how they - tackle the problem.
0:23:27 > 0:23:32- In a research centre in Holland, - I see how the microwave...
0:23:32 > 0:23:35- ..might replace the flush toilet.
0:23:51 > 0:23:53- S4C Subtitles by Gwead
0:23:53 > 0:23:53- .