Pennod 4

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0:00:06 > 0:00:09- "What's in a name?" - asked Shakespeare.

0:00:09 > 0:00:14- "That which we call a rose by any - other name would smell as sweet."

0:00:14 > 0:00:16- Maybe so, - but some names are special.

0:00:17 > 0:00:20- We're on the trail - of those remarkable stories...

0:00:21 > 0:00:25- ..at the root of the names - on the Anglesey coast.

0:00:35 > 0:00:40- We're exploring some of the names - on Ynys Cybi (Holy Island).

0:00:40 > 0:00:42- Though a neighbour of Anglesey...

0:00:42 > 0:00:48- ..Holy Island feels very different - industrially and linguistically.

0:00:48 > 0:00:54- All the different influences have - left their mark on its coastline.

0:00:58 > 0:01:03- The earliest reference to the area - where Holyhead stands today...

0:01:03 > 0:01:06- ..is Llan Y Gwyddel - (Church of the Irishman).

0:01:06 > 0:01:09- There are remains of an Irish - settlement on Holyhead Mountain.

0:01:10 > 0:01:12- Another early name is Cor Cybi...

0:01:12 > 0:01:15- .."cor" meaning - the circle or seat of St Cybi.

0:01:16 > 0:01:20- The English for Caergybi, Holyhead, - is an archaic name...

0:01:20 > 0:01:22- ..alluding to the area's sanctity.

0:01:23 > 0:01:29- Its equivalent in Cornwall is - the direct translation of Penzance.

0:01:38 > 0:01:42- There are many interesting names - within Holyhead Breakwater...

0:01:43 > 0:01:45- ..such as Soldiers Point - and Bolsach.

0:01:46 > 0:01:49- One of the most interesting - is Turkey Shore.

0:01:52 > 0:01:57- It was derived from a smallholding - called Tyddyn Starkey...

0:01:57 > 0:02:00- ..which was - the property of Edward Starkey.

0:02:00 > 0:02:04- There was an area of marshland - on the farm called Cors Starkey.

0:02:04 > 0:02:10- Over time, Cors Starkey became - Cors Y Tyrci before Turkey Shore.

0:02:10 > 0:02:15- Turkey Shore was the name of a very - debauched area of the River Thames.

0:02:15 > 0:02:20- People treated it with contempt, - dubbing it as primitive as Turkey.

0:02:20 > 0:02:22- It was completely uncouth...

0:02:23 > 0:02:26- ..and rife with fighting - prostitution, and drinking.

0:02:27 > 0:02:29- It was beyond any kind of law.

0:02:29 > 0:02:31- Sailors knew the place well.

0:02:31 > 0:02:36- Over time, it became a popular name - for any primitive coastal area.

0:02:36 > 0:02:41- There's one here in Holyhead - and another in Caernarfon, Gwynedd.

0:02:41 > 0:02:42- I'm suggesting nothing!

0:02:47 > 0:02:50- Many of the area's names - haven't been recorded.

0:02:50 > 0:02:54- Gareth Williams is a local who's - been fishing since the age of 14.

0:02:55 > 0:02:57- One of the names he's given me - is Porth Sindars...

0:02:58 > 0:03:01- ..where cinders from steamers - were once emitted.

0:03:01 > 0:03:05- Ynys Halen's redevelopment - has replaced Porth Sindars...

0:03:05 > 0:03:07- ..but its name still exists.

0:03:08 > 0:03:11- Another name he gave me - was Porth Star...

0:03:12 > 0:03:15- ..a beach - to the north of the breakwater.

0:03:15 > 0:03:19- He had no idea why the old fishermen - called it by that name...

0:03:19 > 0:03:22- ..but I discovered that a ship - called Star of the Sea...

0:03:23 > 0:03:27- ..ran aground in that exact - location on St David's Day 1873.

0:03:28 > 0:03:30- It says here...

0:03:31 > 0:03:34- .."The port anchor was let go, - all sail clued in.

0:03:34 > 0:03:37- "They then let go - of the starboard anchor...

0:03:37 > 0:03:41- .."but she grounded at the north end - of Holyhead Breakwater...

0:03:41 > 0:03:43- "..and became a total wreck.

0:03:43 > 0:03:45- "The Coastguard saved the crew...

0:03:46 > 0:03:49- "..who later alleged - the master was often drunk.

0:03:49 > 0:03:53- "He admitted he drank to relieve - the pain of a dislocated shoulder."

0:03:53 > 0:03:54- So that's why it's called that.

0:03:54 > 0:03:56- So that's why it's called that.- - It must be.

0:03:56 > 0:04:00- The anchors and chains I told you - about is where we are now.

0:04:00 > 0:04:03- This is where they are, - underneath us.

0:04:03 > 0:04:04- The anchors are beneath here?

0:04:04 > 0:04:06- The anchors are beneath here?- - Yes. There's an anchor chain here.

0:04:06 > 0:04:10- I'm not saying it's off that, - but it's an old anchor chain.

0:04:10 > 0:04:12- Could well be.

0:04:17 > 0:04:22- On leaving Holyhead and passing - North Stack and Holyhead Mountain...

0:04:22 > 0:04:26- ..we reach a place associated - with an archaic name and legend.

0:04:26 > 0:04:29- These are the ruins - of Capel Lochwyd.

0:04:30 > 0:04:32- The meaning of "golochwyd" - is shelter.

0:04:33 > 0:04:37- It's easy to see how this place - served as a retreat.

0:04:37 > 0:04:41- But before the chapel, - there was a well in the area.

0:04:42 > 0:04:46- An ancient well, possibly supplying - water to the Celtic fort...

0:04:46 > 0:04:49- ..that stood - on the mountain behind me.

0:04:49 > 0:04:52- When Christianity arrived here...

0:04:52 > 0:04:55- ..Capel Golochwyd - stood near the well.

0:04:55 > 0:05:00- I say near, but, actually, - it was hundreds of feet away...

0:05:00 > 0:05:02- ..down below.

0:05:27 > 0:05:31- I feel as if the walls - are caving in on me here.

0:05:31 > 0:05:35- These cliffs are incredibly steep.

0:05:45 > 0:05:50- Ffynnon Lochwyd was situated at the - bottom of this treacherous ravine...

0:05:50 > 0:05:53- ..though there is - no sign of it these days.

0:05:53 > 0:05:57- Every St Cybi's Day, young men - would run from the town's church...

0:05:57 > 0:06:00- ..to here, a distance - of more than two miles...

0:06:01 > 0:06:04- ..and scramble all the way down - this steep ravine...

0:06:05 > 0:06:07- ..to the well and the sea below.

0:06:07 > 0:06:11- When they reached the well, - they took a drink of its water...

0:06:11 > 0:06:16- ..and reached into the bottom - for two handfuls of gravel...

0:06:16 > 0:06:18- ..before running back to Holyhead.

0:06:19 > 0:06:21- It was quite a feat. - I'll give it a go.

0:06:47 > 0:06:52- It's incredibly steep - and slippery under foot.

0:06:52 > 0:06:57- You can't grip anything because - your hands are full of gravel.

0:06:57 > 0:07:01- It's difficult to breathe because - your mouth is full of water.

0:07:02 > 0:07:06- But they would race - back to Holyhead from here.

0:07:06 > 0:07:10- They believed - that the first to arrive...

0:07:11 > 0:07:14- ..still clutching - two handfuls of gravel...

0:07:14 > 0:07:17- ..and retaining - the mouthful of water...

0:07:17 > 0:07:20- ..was certain to marry - within the month.

0:07:26 > 0:07:29- There's another meaning - to the word "golochwyd".

0:07:30 > 0:07:32- It also means - a prayer or a thank you.

0:07:32 > 0:07:36- I'm sure they were grateful to be - back in Holyhead in one piece.

0:07:37 > 0:07:40- They deserved a wife - after all that effort!

0:07:50 > 0:07:55- Y Gogarth (The Great Orme). - Its Welsh name is easy to explain.

0:07:55 > 0:07:57- It means a steep cliff.

0:07:57 > 0:08:00- It's easy to see - its appeal for climbers.

0:08:00 > 0:08:04- They have left imaginative names - on the cliff face.

0:08:07 > 0:08:10- Y Gogarth is too perilous - for an amateur like myself...

0:08:11 > 0:08:15- ..so I've come to Holyhead Mountain - with two experienced climbers.

0:08:15 > 0:08:18- Tom Tomos and Eifion Roberts.

0:08:27 > 0:08:31- Tom was raised - in the heart of Snowdonia...

0:08:31 > 0:08:34- ..and has been climbing - for almost 50 years.

0:08:34 > 0:08:37- He's climbed all around the world...

0:08:38 > 0:08:41- ..but knows this terrain - like the back of his hand.

0:08:48 > 0:08:49- I can't get at it.

0:08:52 > 0:08:56- When a climber climbs - the cliff face for the first time...

0:08:56 > 0:08:59- ..following his/her own path...

0:09:00 > 0:09:06- ..it's customary for the climber - to coin a name for the climb.

0:09:06 > 0:09:08- There are hundreds of them...

0:09:08 > 0:09:12- ..around Y Gogarth - and Mynydd Twr (Holyhead Mountain).

0:09:12 > 0:09:18- Some have strange names like - The Enchanted Broccoli Garden...

0:09:18 > 0:09:20- ..and The Mask Of The Red Death.

0:09:21 > 0:09:25- This climb has been named Tension.

0:09:25 > 0:09:27- I can see why too!

0:09:45 > 0:09:47- Well done.

0:09:47 > 0:09:50- Thank you, sir.

0:09:50 > 0:09:53- You did great, mate. - You climbed that well.

0:09:56 > 0:09:58- I've conquered Tension.

0:09:58 > 0:09:59- Did you enjoy it?

0:09:59 > 0:10:01- Did you enjoy it?- - Yes, I did...

0:10:01 > 0:10:04- ..apart from when the wind - catches you on a corner.

0:10:05 > 0:10:09- What thrill do climbers get - from naming climbs?

0:10:09 > 0:10:14- If you're fortunate enough to be - the first to climb a cliff face...

0:10:15 > 0:10:17- ..you get the pleasure of naming it.

0:10:17 > 0:10:20- The name is then recorded - in the guidebooks...

0:10:20 > 0:10:22- ..and for posterity.

0:10:23 > 0:10:25- I was flicking through this...

0:10:25 > 0:10:30- ..and there are hundreds of them, - but only a few Welsh names.

0:10:30 > 0:10:35- Yes, unfortunately, but Joe Brown - has named a handful of them.

0:10:35 > 0:10:38- Wen is one, Perygl, - and Dde is another.

0:10:38 > 0:10:42- But a very small number of them - are Welsh names.

0:10:42 > 0:10:46- I know you have - a favourite among them.

0:10:46 > 0:10:49- Wil Mawr Gets The Vulcan Lip Lock.

0:10:50 > 0:10:53- I have no idea - what that's supposed to mean.

0:10:53 > 0:10:57- Who was Wil Mawr (Big Wil) - and what happened to his lip?

0:10:58 > 0:11:02- Names derived - from industry or a way of life...

0:11:02 > 0:11:04- ..is a relatively recent concept.

0:11:04 > 0:11:08- Yes, before that, - few came to climb these parts...

0:11:08 > 0:11:11- ..apart from egg snatchers...

0:11:11 > 0:11:15- ..and those attempting to rescue - a sheep or something.

0:11:15 > 0:11:19- Before people started to climb here, - it was unheard of.

0:11:19 > 0:11:23- But we're talking about - cliffs here...

0:11:23 > 0:11:25- ..rather than mountains.

0:11:25 > 0:11:28- Is the same true - of mountain climbing?

0:11:29 > 0:11:32- Yes, indeed. The style of climbing - hasn't changed.

0:11:32 > 0:11:34- The thrill is still the same.

0:11:34 > 0:11:39- It's more of a thrill, if anything, - because you're above the sea.

0:11:39 > 0:11:41- It gives you more of a fight.

0:11:41 > 0:11:43- But generally, it's the same.

0:11:43 > 0:11:46- What about the names - of mountain climbs?

0:11:46 > 0:11:51- There are more Welsh names - given to climbs in the mountains...

0:11:51 > 0:11:54- ..but they are still - few and far between.

0:11:55 > 0:12:00- Thank you for Tension. We'll go for - Gladiator and Black Spot next time.

0:12:00 > 0:12:03- If I created my own climb, - I could name it then.

0:12:04 > 0:12:07- Tom Tomos Does The Vulcan!

0:12:08 > 0:12:10- Or maybe even Lip Lock!

0:12:13 > 0:12:13- .

0:12:16 > 0:12:16- Subtitles

0:12:16 > 0:12:18- Subtitles- - Subtitles

0:12:25 > 0:12:29- I'm taking a tour - of Ynys Cybi (Holy Island)...

0:12:29 > 0:12:32- ..on the trail - of some of the area's names.

0:12:32 > 0:12:35- A prominent feature - of the landscape...

0:12:35 > 0:12:38- ..is Ynys Lawd, - or South Stack in English.

0:12:39 > 0:12:42- A lighthouse - has stood here since 1809...

0:12:42 > 0:12:45- ..overlooking - this treacherous part of sea.

0:12:49 > 0:12:54- Features are given English or Norse - names when observed from the sea...

0:12:54 > 0:12:56- ..and Welsh names from land.

0:12:57 > 0:13:01- From the sea, it's clear to see - that South Stack is indeed a stack.

0:13:01 > 0:13:04- The name is derived - from the Norse, stakkr.

0:13:10 > 0:13:13- From the land, - you can see this narrow sound.

0:13:13 > 0:13:17- The meaning of Llawd is turbulent - in English...

0:13:17 > 0:13:20- ..and it's a perfect description - of the sea...

0:13:20 > 0:13:23- ..as it squeezes between the rocks.

0:13:30 > 0:13:35- People come from afar to take - advantage of the natural resources.

0:13:37 > 0:13:39- Its geology is exceptional.

0:13:39 > 0:13:43- From steep cliffs and numerous - islands to never-ending caves.

0:13:44 > 0:13:47- Sailing and kayaking - are popular pursuits here.

0:13:47 > 0:13:52- New names are emerging for places - you can only see from the sea.

0:13:56 > 0:14:00- This is Bangor Cathedral Cave, - which extends deep into the rock.

0:14:00 > 0:14:03- There's also Parliament House Cave, - West Window...

0:14:04 > 0:14:06- ..and Giant Saucepan nearby.

0:14:06 > 0:14:11- But despite my efforts, I haven't - found a Welsh name for any of them.

0:14:16 > 0:14:20- Midway around Holy Island - and we reach Trearddur Bay.

0:14:24 > 0:14:29- It's a popular destination - for tourists and local people alike.

0:14:30 > 0:14:32- It's the perfect place for sailing.

0:14:34 > 0:14:39- Towyn Y Capel or Towyn Capel - was the old name for the village.

0:14:39 > 0:14:44- But once the railway to Holyhead - was completed to attract visitors...

0:14:44 > 0:14:47- ..the place - was referred to as Trearddur Bay.

0:14:49 > 0:14:51- The name - is not the only thing to change.

0:14:52 > 0:14:56- The level of the sea - has significantly changed.

0:14:56 > 0:15:00- From afar, you could swear - these were rocks beneath my feet.

0:15:00 > 0:15:07- But on closer inspection, it's - easy to see that it's organic peat.

0:15:08 > 0:15:12- These tree trunks - are evidence of an ancient forest.

0:15:15 > 0:15:18- The shape of the dunes - has changed too.

0:15:19 > 0:15:21- This drawing from 1709...

0:15:21 > 0:15:25- ..clearly shows how Towyn Y Capel - (Church Dune) got its name.

0:15:25 > 0:15:28- The chapel's ruins - have long disappeared...

0:15:28 > 0:15:32- ..but the ruins of a burial site - have been found here.

0:15:32 > 0:15:36- I'm meeting Iwan Parry from - the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust.

0:15:37 > 0:15:41- From the pictures I've seen, there - was once a chapel atop this dune.

0:15:42 > 0:15:46- The chapel has obviously vanished, - but the dune is shorter too.

0:15:46 > 0:15:47- What's happened?

0:15:47 > 0:15:50- What's happened?- - It's down to natural erosion...

0:15:50 > 0:15:53- ..from the elements.

0:15:53 > 0:15:56- As the dunes started to erode...

0:15:57 > 0:16:01- ..a cemetery with more than - 100 graves was unearthed.

0:16:01 > 0:16:02- In this spot?

0:16:02 > 0:16:03- In this spot?- - In this very spot.

0:16:04 > 0:16:08- The cemetery - dates from the seventh century...

0:16:08 > 0:16:10- ..up until the 12th century.

0:16:10 > 0:16:15- From what I understand, people - were buried on different levels.

0:16:15 > 0:16:17- That's right.

0:16:17 > 0:16:20- As the dunes today have eroded...

0:16:20 > 0:16:25- ..sand would frequently - be washed in and out.

0:16:25 > 0:16:30- The first layer of graves - were covered beneath the sand...

0:16:30 > 0:16:34- ..and then another layer of graves - was built on top of them.

0:16:35 > 0:16:39- So, as the dune rose, there was - more depth for digging graves.

0:16:40 > 0:16:43- Yes, graves were dug - on top of each other.

0:16:43 > 0:16:45- Some of the bones - have been uncovered.

0:16:46 > 0:16:48- What do we know about these people?

0:16:48 > 0:16:51- What do we know about these people?- - They were young people and children.

0:16:51 > 0:16:55- Also they were older people, - the oldest of whom was around 65-70.

0:16:55 > 0:16:57- That's a fair age.

0:16:57 > 0:17:00- That's a fair age.- - Yes, they were healthy too...

0:17:00 > 0:17:02- ..by all accounts.

0:17:02 > 0:17:04- Can you tell that from their teeth?

0:17:04 > 0:17:06- Can you tell that from their teeth?- - Yes, and condition of their bones.

0:17:06 > 0:17:11- We can tell from - what we've seen of their bones.

0:17:11 > 0:17:15- These teeth look perfect.

0:17:15 > 0:17:19- Not unlike - a person's teeth nowadays.

0:17:20 > 0:17:24- These are the teeth - of a 25-year-old woman.

0:17:25 > 0:17:28- These remains date back to when?

0:17:28 > 0:17:30- From around 850AD...

0:17:30 > 0:17:34- ..so the ninth century.

0:17:34 > 0:17:37- So these weren't buried - on the bottom layer?

0:17:37 > 0:17:39- No, not the bottom layer.

0:17:39 > 0:17:44- What we have from the bottom layer - are the bones of an infant...

0:17:44 > 0:17:46- ..or a baby...

0:17:46 > 0:17:49- ..who was buried in a small casket.

0:17:50 > 0:17:55- Great care was taken to bury it.

0:17:55 > 0:17:57- His own small casket?

0:17:57 > 0:17:59- What's interesting...

0:18:00 > 0:18:05- ..is that the bag - is labelled Towyn Y Capel...

0:18:06 > 0:18:08- ..instead of Trearddur Bay.

0:18:08 > 0:18:11- The site is known to us - as Towyn Y Capel.

0:18:11 > 0:18:13- An archaic name...

0:18:13 > 0:18:15- ..with a wealth of history.

0:18:21 > 0:18:24- Of the 750 names - on the coast of Anglesey...

0:18:24 > 0:18:27- ..that have been - officially documented...

0:18:27 > 0:18:30- ..a little over 600 - are exclusively Welsh.

0:18:31 > 0:18:35- Maen Piscar in Trearddur Bay - combines the Welsh, maen (rock)...

0:18:35 > 0:18:38- ..and Norse word, fiskarr, - which means fisherman.

0:18:39 > 0:18:41- Fisherman's Rock.

0:18:53 > 0:18:55- There's a famous story...

0:18:56 > 0:18:58- ..associated with Maen Piscar.

0:18:58 > 0:19:04- It's believed a small ship crashed - into the rock in thick fog...

0:19:04 > 0:19:07- ..on 17 September 1819.

0:19:07 > 0:19:09- When the ship sunk...

0:19:09 > 0:19:13- ..no-one on board knew - in which direction to swim ashore.

0:19:14 > 0:19:18- The master's dog, Tyger, - led them all to shore...

0:19:18 > 0:19:21- ..and dragged them out, - one by one...

0:19:21 > 0:19:24- ..before dying of over-exhaustion.

0:19:24 > 0:19:28- Ever since then, this headstone - has stood on the peninsula...

0:19:29 > 0:19:32- ..to honour - the little dog's courage.

0:19:32 > 0:19:36- But local residents - tell me that's a load of rubbish.

0:19:36 > 0:19:39- Tyger was apparently - the favourite hunting dog...

0:19:40 > 0:19:42- ..of Holland Griffiths - of Llanfaethlu.

0:19:43 > 0:19:47- He ran over the cliff to his death - whilst hunting deer one time.

0:19:47 > 0:19:49- I don't know what to believe!

0:19:55 > 0:19:57- We end our tour of Holy Island...

0:19:58 > 0:20:00- ..back in the direction - of Bae Beddmanarch...

0:20:00 > 0:20:03- ..to the village of Pontrhydybont.

0:20:03 > 0:20:07- An ancient ford - separated Anglesey and Holy Island.

0:20:07 > 0:20:10- Although a bridge was built - in the 16th century...

0:20:11 > 0:20:14- ..people continued to use the ford.

0:20:14 > 0:20:18- When another bridge was built - sometime later...

0:20:18 > 0:20:23- ..the name Pontrhydybont (Bridge Of - The Ford Bridge) was coined.

0:20:27 > 0:20:30- This is Ynys Leurad, - known locally as Y Leurad...

0:20:30 > 0:20:34- ..which is fitting in Welsh - since changes in the landscape...

0:20:34 > 0:20:36- ..mean it's no longer an island.

0:20:37 > 0:20:40- Some of you who have read the novel, - Madam Wen...

0:20:40 > 0:20:43- ..will have heard the name before.

0:20:43 > 0:20:45- Author WD Owen was a local resident.

0:20:46 > 0:20:49- He wrote a chapter entitled, - Ar Y Llaerad.

0:20:49 > 0:20:53- Years ago, there was - an old Welsh word called llaer...

0:20:53 > 0:20:57- ..which is a term describing - the tide when it's right out.

0:20:57 > 0:21:00- Bedwyr Lewis Jones suggests...

0:21:00 > 0:21:03- ..you can combine llaer and rhyd...

0:21:03 > 0:21:05- ..to form the word, lleuryd...

0:21:05 > 0:21:09- ..which means a ford - you can cross at low tide.

0:21:15 > 0:21:19- Stepping stones - were the original form of a ford.

0:21:19 > 0:21:23- People used them as foundations - on which to build a causeway...

0:21:24 > 0:21:26- ..a stony pathway over wet land.

0:21:26 > 0:21:29- Many place names in Wales - contain this root...

0:21:30 > 0:21:34- ..such as Sarnau in Carmarthenshire - and Cefnddwysarn near Bala.

0:21:34 > 0:21:38- Before building - the Stanley Embankment in 1825...

0:21:38 > 0:21:42- ..it was here that people crossed - from one island to the other.

0:21:43 > 0:21:46- We're here in Trwyn Cwta - on Anglesey....

0:21:46 > 0:21:48- ..and Holy Island is here.

0:21:49 > 0:21:52- This drawing - by Gwilym Trefor Jones...

0:21:52 > 0:21:55- ..highlights the eight main fords...

0:21:55 > 0:21:58- ..in the 18th century.

0:21:58 > 0:22:00- The old maps name two of them.

0:22:02 > 0:22:06- Leurad Uchaf Ford - and this, Leurad Y Felin...

0:22:06 > 0:22:10- ..which takes you from Trwyn Cwta - passed Carreg Ddeubig...

0:22:10 > 0:22:16- ..before veering right passed Ynys - Benlas and ending up in Y Felinheli.

0:22:34 > 0:22:36- This causeway - looks exceptionally wide...

0:22:37 > 0:22:41- ..but these rocks have disintegrated - and been displaced over time.

0:22:41 > 0:22:44- This causeway - would've been narrower...

0:22:44 > 0:22:49- ..but wide enough for a cart to - travel to Holy Island and back...

0:22:49 > 0:22:53- ..though few - would've owned a cart in those days.

0:22:53 > 0:22:58- A weight-bearing wooden wheel - would've been difficult to build...

0:22:58 > 0:23:03- ..and beyond most people's budget.

0:23:04 > 0:23:08- They would make do with dragging - a sled across the causeway.

0:23:11 > 0:23:16- By travelling around Holy Island, - we've come across ancient names.

0:23:16 > 0:23:20- New, recent names have been - created from leisure pursuits...

0:23:20 > 0:23:24- ..which would've been - foreign to those...

0:23:24 > 0:23:26- ..who built the fords and causeways.

0:23:26 > 0:23:29- Looking ahead to the future...

0:23:29 > 0:23:33- ..it's certain that names - will continue to evolve...

0:23:33 > 0:23:35- ..due to the numerous influences.

0:23:35 > 0:23:38- Where does that leave - the old Welsh names?

0:23:39 > 0:23:41- Only time will tell.

0:23:57 > 0:23:59- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.

0:23:59 > 0:23:59- .