0:00:06 > 0:00:09300,000 people have made the dangerous journey
0:00:09 > 0:00:11to Europe this year.
0:00:11 > 0:00:14We face completely different circumstances in the 21st century
0:00:14 > 0:00:16from the 20th century.
0:00:18 > 0:00:22The rise of these global problems like climate change,
0:00:22 > 0:00:23economic instability.
0:00:28 > 0:00:31There's a really deep crisis mounting, I think,
0:00:31 > 0:00:33of people feeling we're not in control of things.
0:00:33 > 0:00:35These things are running out of control.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37It's almost like a despair.
0:00:41 > 0:00:43WAILING
0:00:59 > 0:01:04This is where I had the security vetting to join the Foreign Office,
0:01:04 > 0:01:09where I was interrogated and cross-examined on the details of
0:01:09 > 0:01:12my personal life, my sexual history,
0:01:12 > 0:01:16my political leanings,
0:01:16 > 0:01:18my proclivities for drinking and gambling,
0:01:18 > 0:01:22the origin of my Eastern European relations.
0:01:22 > 0:01:24All was discussed in great detail.
0:01:26 > 0:01:27I threw myself at the Foreign Office.
0:01:27 > 0:01:32They could have whatever part of me they wanted gladly.
0:01:32 > 0:01:35You give us your personal secrets
0:01:35 > 0:01:39and you belong to us and you become one of us.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43I started to think of the world
0:01:43 > 0:01:46through the prism of we rather than I.
0:01:46 > 0:01:49"What would Britain want in the circumstance?"
0:01:49 > 0:01:51rather than what I thought was right.
0:01:54 > 0:01:56I became a diplomat in 1989,
0:01:56 > 0:02:01when the Berlin Wall came down and the Soviet empire collapsed.
0:02:01 > 0:02:04Western democracy and capitalism were victorious.
0:02:04 > 0:02:06We were the good guys, making the world a better place.
0:02:09 > 0:02:13It really felt like the dawn of a new era of peace and prosperity.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31My first job was up on that top floor up there,
0:02:31 > 0:02:33in the Western European department.
0:02:35 > 0:02:38Down there, that office there in the corner,
0:02:38 > 0:02:40that used to be my office when I was speech writer
0:02:40 > 0:02:43for the Foreign Secretary, whose office is in fact up there.
0:02:49 > 0:02:50At the end of 1997,
0:02:50 > 0:02:54I was posted to the British mission to the United Nations in New York.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59I was 31. My main responsibility was Iraq
0:02:59 > 0:03:01and its weapons of mass destruction.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09This was the diplomatic front line against dictatorship and aggression.
0:03:11 > 0:03:15As in World War II, Britain was standing against evil.
0:03:15 > 0:03:16We all believed it.
0:03:21 > 0:03:26This is where we passed resolutions on Iraq,
0:03:26 > 0:03:29on weapons inspections and sanctions
0:03:29 > 0:03:33on Iraq as a whole and, above all, on the Iraqi people.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36And, you know, I would be sitting behind my ambassador
0:03:36 > 0:03:37in one of those chairs where,
0:03:37 > 0:03:40you know, all of the ambassadors would raise their hands
0:03:40 > 0:03:42to get this resolution through.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44You know, you can see what this feels like.
0:03:44 > 0:03:47It's a very rarefied place.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50The reality of Iraqi people is definitely not here.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57What sanctions did to the Iraqi people was horrific.
0:03:59 > 0:04:03We knew they were suffering, and yet it wasn't real suffering to us,
0:04:03 > 0:04:05it was just paper suffering.
0:04:05 > 0:04:09We'd be in talks in Washington where people would say, you know,
0:04:09 > 0:04:12"I hear those reports too, but I'm sorry,
0:04:12 > 0:04:14"containment's the priority here."
0:04:14 > 0:04:16It was like literally ordering...
0:04:16 > 0:04:20our needs of security over the needs of ordinary people,
0:04:20 > 0:04:22and there was considerable suffering.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31I was a ferocious negotiator.
0:04:31 > 0:04:33I took pride in being ferocious.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36I took pride in how quickly I could articulate our arguments
0:04:36 > 0:04:38and put down any counterargument.
0:04:38 > 0:04:39You know, that was my job,
0:04:39 > 0:04:44and I was extremely effective at it and had a reputation for it.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46And you know, personally and on a professional level,
0:04:46 > 0:04:49that was something that was a cause of pride for me.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52And now I look back on that and think,
0:04:52 > 0:04:54"How on earth did I feel proud of that?"
0:04:54 > 0:04:58I do... I feel much more today, I feel shame.
0:05:01 > 0:05:03When I've met Iraqis who lived through that,
0:05:03 > 0:05:08I can hardly look them in the eye, I feel so ashamed.
0:05:08 > 0:05:11One Iraqi I met after all of this said,
0:05:11 > 0:05:15"So you were part of the genocide of my people."
0:05:15 > 0:05:17That's not an easy thing to hear.
0:05:17 > 0:05:21It's pretty... I was pretty upset by that, and there's some truth in it.
0:05:48 > 0:05:50My apartment looked downtown,
0:05:50 > 0:05:53so I had an extraordinary view of downtown Manhattan.
0:05:53 > 0:05:56I could see the Hudson on one side and the East River on the other.
0:05:56 > 0:05:58It was an amazing view.
0:05:59 > 0:06:04And my apartment looks directly down towards the World Trade Center.
0:06:04 > 0:06:07The two towers were in the middle of my view.
0:06:17 > 0:06:19These photos were taken from my window.
0:06:24 > 0:06:28For weeks afterwards, the smoke continued,
0:06:28 > 0:06:32and there was ash on my windowsill for weeks afterwards
0:06:32 > 0:06:36and I'd wake up every morning and see this column of smoke.
0:06:36 > 0:06:37Uh...
0:06:42 > 0:06:43Yeah.
0:06:50 > 0:06:54And you just felt the drums of war beating.
0:06:54 > 0:06:58You just felt this momentum, this train had started,
0:06:58 > 0:07:01and there was no way anybody was going to stop it.
0:07:02 > 0:07:04Good afternoon.
0:07:04 > 0:07:05On my orders,
0:07:05 > 0:07:09the United States military has begun strikes against Al-Qaeda
0:07:09 > 0:07:12terrorist training camps and military installations
0:07:12 > 0:07:15of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26Three months after the American-British conquest of Afghanistan,
0:07:26 > 0:07:28I was sent to the British Embassy in Kabul.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33We were flown about in a C-130 Hercules. I loved it.
0:07:34 > 0:07:37We had bodyguards who themselves had an escort of Royal Marines
0:07:37 > 0:07:39because it was so dangerous.
0:07:48 > 0:07:49This guy was called Khalili.
0:07:49 > 0:07:53He's a leader of the Hazara in Afghanistan.
0:07:53 > 0:07:57Me with my little notebook, while Mr Khalili,
0:07:57 > 0:07:59"I'm here to relate to you what the British government
0:07:59 > 0:08:01"feels about Afghanistan.
0:08:02 > 0:08:04"Grateful if you could tell me what you think."
0:08:06 > 0:08:07I think that's me.
0:08:08 > 0:08:10Yeah, it is me.
0:08:10 > 0:08:14It's the perfect romantic image of the diplomat, isn't it?
0:08:14 > 0:08:18Sitting with the Afghan tribesmen, discussing the political future.
0:08:19 > 0:08:22They were like, "Don't claim to me you're going to be here
0:08:22 > 0:08:24"in perpetuity, help us build democracy.
0:08:24 > 0:08:26"We know exactly what that means."
0:08:29 > 0:08:30When I got home to New York,
0:08:30 > 0:08:33I was deeply troubled by everything I'd been through.
0:08:35 > 0:08:37I got married, which was wonderful,
0:08:37 > 0:08:42but I no longer believed in my work, in the cause I had signed up to.
0:08:42 > 0:08:43I had to stop.
0:08:45 > 0:08:47So I took a year off.
0:08:47 > 0:08:51I spent my days in the New York University library.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54I just read and read, often randomly picking books off the shelves
0:08:54 > 0:08:56around my desk.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58I was trying to rediscover my purpose.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01I was looking for political ideals that I could believe in.
0:09:01 > 0:09:04I was groping my way towards a better way of doing things.
0:09:07 > 0:09:11Meanwhile, just 30 or so blocks north at the United Nations,
0:09:11 > 0:09:14in my former workplace, my government was preparing for war.
0:09:17 > 0:09:21The Iraq War, and what my government said about it, would change my life.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27Saddam Hussein's intentions have never changed.
0:09:27 > 0:09:30He is not developing the missiles for self-defence.
0:09:30 > 0:09:34These are missiles that Iraq wants in order to project power,
0:09:34 > 0:09:38to threaten, and to deliver chemical, biological
0:09:38 > 0:09:41and, if we let him, nuclear warheads.
0:09:46 > 0:09:49Tonight, British servicemen and women are engaged
0:09:49 > 0:09:52from air, land and sea. Their mission -
0:09:52 > 0:09:55to remove Saddam Hussein from power and disarm Iraq
0:09:55 > 0:09:56of its weapons of mass destruction.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02But I knew that my government's real assessment of Iraq's alleged threat
0:10:02 > 0:10:06was very different from what our leaders were claiming in public.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20Although I was on sabbatical,
0:10:20 > 0:10:23I was in close touch with friends at the UN Security Council
0:10:23 > 0:10:26and the weapons inspection body which I had helped set up.
0:10:29 > 0:10:30And as the war played out,
0:10:30 > 0:10:35I came to this cafe to meet one of Britain's chief weapons inspectors,
0:10:35 > 0:10:38my colleague Dr David Kelly.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44David Kelly had just given a talk at The New School,
0:10:44 > 0:10:46where I was a fellow,
0:10:46 > 0:10:48and afterwards we had lunch here.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51We were talking about the claims that the Government made before
0:10:51 > 0:10:54the invasion that Iraq posed a threat.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58You know, we were just, I guess...
0:10:59 > 0:11:03..quizzical. I didn't really understand it and nor did he.
0:11:03 > 0:11:06BIG BEN CHIMES
0:11:06 > 0:11:08When David returned to London, he briefed a journalist
0:11:08 > 0:11:11off the record that the Government had exaggerated
0:11:11 > 0:11:14the capabilities of Saddam Hussein's WMD.
0:11:15 > 0:11:18He became the centre of a terrible and bitter political row
0:11:18 > 0:11:21about the lies the British government had told
0:11:21 > 0:11:23to justify the invasion of Iraq.
0:11:23 > 0:11:26NEWSREADER: Dr Kelly is a scientist with long experience
0:11:26 > 0:11:28of Iraq's weapons programmes.
0:11:28 > 0:11:31He came forward earlier this month and told his bosses he'd had
0:11:31 > 0:11:34an unauthorised meeting in a London hotel
0:11:34 > 0:11:37with BBC journalist Andrew Gilligan.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40David was revealed as the source of the story,
0:11:40 > 0:11:42and he was basically hounded by the Government.
0:11:42 > 0:11:46The MOD, his employer, basically hung him out to dry
0:11:46 > 0:11:48and eventually he testified in Parliament.
0:11:48 > 0:11:52My conversation with him was primarily about Iraq,
0:11:52 > 0:11:56about his experiences in Iraq, and the consequences of the war,
0:11:56 > 0:12:01which was the failure to use weapons of mass destruction during the war
0:12:01 > 0:12:05and the failure by May 22nd to find such weapons. That was...
0:12:05 > 0:12:10This quiet, decent man was kicked around like a political football.
0:12:10 > 0:12:15Why did you feel it was incumbent on you to go along with the requests
0:12:15 > 0:12:19that clearly had been made to you to be...
0:12:19 > 0:12:21thrown to the wolves,
0:12:21 > 0:12:24not only to the media but also to this committee?
0:12:24 > 0:12:26I think that's a line of questioning
0:12:26 > 0:12:28you'd have to ask the Ministry of Defence. Sorry.
0:12:28 > 0:12:33I reckon you're chaff, you're being thrown up to divert our probing.
0:12:33 > 0:12:35Have you ever felt like a fall guy?
0:12:35 > 0:12:37I mean, you've been set up, haven't you?
0:12:37 > 0:12:40That's not a question I can answer. But do you feel that?
0:12:40 > 0:12:43No, I accept the process that's going on...
0:12:43 > 0:12:45I'm sorry? I accept the process that's happening.
0:12:47 > 0:12:51I imagine he found the public attention unbearable.
0:12:51 > 0:12:55I wrote to him, you know, expressing my solidarity with him,
0:12:55 > 0:12:57but he didn't reply.
0:12:59 > 0:13:01NEWSREADER: Police are expected to confirm later today
0:13:01 > 0:13:04that a body found in Oxfordshire woodland is that of
0:13:04 > 0:13:07the Ministry of Defence weapons expert David Kelly.
0:13:07 > 0:13:10Dr Kelly's wife has told a friend that he'd become extremely stressed
0:13:10 > 0:13:13at being caught in the middle of the row between the BBC
0:13:13 > 0:13:15and the government over its use of intelligence...
0:13:15 > 0:13:18This inquiry will look at the circumstances
0:13:18 > 0:13:19surrounding Dr Kelly's death.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23It's expected to look at his questioning earlier this week...
0:13:23 > 0:13:25TONY BLAIR: It's an absolutely terrible tragedy.
0:13:25 > 0:13:29I am profoundly saddened for David Kelly and for his family.
0:13:29 > 0:13:30He was a fine public servant.
0:13:32 > 0:13:34David's suicide shocked me to the quick.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49The last time I was here was David's funeral.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57I came with several of my colleagues from the Foreign Office
0:13:57 > 0:13:59and the Ministry of Defence.
0:14:02 > 0:14:03We were all devastated.
0:14:06 > 0:14:09And I remember one of them just wept copiously,
0:14:09 > 0:14:11copiously throughout the service.
0:14:12 > 0:14:18But it was completely overwhelmed by the blaring media circus
0:14:18 > 0:14:20that David's death had become.
0:14:31 > 0:14:34And that was, of course, a breach, a moment...
0:14:37 > 0:14:40..of rupture, after which there was no going back.
0:14:42 > 0:14:44Trust, my trust...
0:14:46 > 0:14:50..in government, my political leaders,
0:14:50 > 0:14:53to an extent, I'm afraid to say my colleagues too,
0:14:53 > 0:14:55was destroyed...
0:14:57 > 0:14:58..once and for all.
0:15:24 > 0:15:26No-one really knows,
0:15:26 > 0:15:29but an estimated half a million Iraqis have died
0:15:29 > 0:15:31as a result of this unnecessary war.
0:15:36 > 0:15:40I resigned from the Foreign Office after sending evidence in secret
0:15:40 > 0:15:42to the first official enquiry into the war.
0:15:45 > 0:15:48I wanted to make my evidence public at the time,
0:15:48 > 0:15:50but I was warned that if I did I'd be prosecuted
0:15:50 > 0:15:53under the Official Secrets Act.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56And, to be honest, I was also scared of being hounded, like David.
0:16:00 > 0:16:04Eventually, an MP friend demanded my evidence in Parliament,
0:16:04 > 0:16:06and if Parliament asked for it, I couldn't be prosecuted.
0:16:06 > 0:16:09Well, today, evidence will be published that says the government
0:16:09 > 0:16:11did not really believe that...
0:16:11 > 0:16:13In his submission to it, Mr Ross said,
0:16:13 > 0:16:16"At no time did Her Majesty's government assess that
0:16:16 > 0:16:18"Iraq's WMD posed a threat to the UK."
0:16:18 > 0:16:21The more we learn about the beginning of the war,
0:16:21 > 0:16:23the more uncertain the rationale for it seems to be.
0:16:31 > 0:16:33There was a new enquiry.
0:16:33 > 0:16:34I was asked to testify again.
0:16:38 > 0:16:40Mr Ross, you were a first secretary
0:16:40 > 0:16:42in the UK mission at the United Nations in New York
0:16:42 > 0:16:45from late '97 to June 2002, I think.
0:16:45 > 0:16:47Yes. And we'll be asking Mr Ross
0:16:47 > 0:16:50for evidence based on his recollections and insights
0:16:50 > 0:16:54into the deliberations and actions at the United Nations
0:16:54 > 0:16:58on Iraq, which are relevant to our terms of reference,
0:16:58 > 0:17:01where Mr Ross's role gave him first-hand knowledge
0:17:01 > 0:17:04on which to draw in giving evidence to this inquiry.
0:17:04 > 0:17:06It was realistic, or wasn't it,
0:17:06 > 0:17:12that Iraq could soon have posed a threat to...a WMD-based threat?
0:17:12 > 0:17:15I found this claim absolutely extraordinary.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18I mean, we never believed that in the time I worked on it.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21We never argued it to allies or others.
0:17:21 > 0:17:24And nobody ever believed that these things actually existed.
0:17:24 > 0:17:28We thought there might be one or two dismantled devices
0:17:28 > 0:17:30left in some kind of warehouse somewhere,
0:17:30 > 0:17:34but there was no hard evidence of scuds being wheeled around
0:17:34 > 0:17:36in the desert, waiting to be fired.
0:17:36 > 0:17:38If there had been, we would have seen them.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42And the third part of the threat is the intention.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44Yep. And there was no evidence of that either.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54They had deliberately mislead the public by claiming that
0:17:54 > 0:17:57Iraq was a threat when it wasn't,
0:17:57 > 0:18:00and that there were no alternatives to war when there were.
0:18:02 > 0:18:05To lie to the public and to the servicemen and women
0:18:05 > 0:18:10you're sending to war, it's the gravest, gravest of disservices.
0:18:10 > 0:18:14Government is established to provide security for the people,
0:18:14 > 0:18:19and to lie about war, to make false decisions about war,
0:18:19 > 0:18:22that's the worst thing any government can possibly do.
0:18:32 > 0:18:35When I was at the UN, you could pretty much guarantee
0:18:35 > 0:18:38that the people most affected were never in the room.
0:18:40 > 0:18:44I set up an NGO to try to fix this, to make diplomacy fairer.
0:18:47 > 0:18:50We advised South Sudan before their independence,
0:18:50 > 0:18:51Western Sahara.
0:18:51 > 0:18:54What we try to do is advise our clients on how to
0:18:54 > 0:18:57manoeuvre diplomatically.
0:18:57 > 0:19:01Syria coalition - desperately difficult issue, of course.
0:19:01 > 0:19:05They are an external opposition movement fighting the Assad regime.
0:19:05 > 0:19:09Somaliland, where the overwhelming majority of the population
0:19:09 > 0:19:11want to be an independent country.
0:19:16 > 0:19:20Independent Diplomat, it's a diplomatic advisory group.
0:19:20 > 0:19:23It's a group of former diplomats and international lawyers
0:19:23 > 0:19:28who advise democratic governments, countries and political movements
0:19:28 > 0:19:31around the world on diplomatic strategy.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33Both the work of Independent Diplomat
0:19:33 > 0:19:35and my own personal philosophy is driven by the belief
0:19:35 > 0:19:38that people should be part of the decisions that affect them.
0:19:42 > 0:19:44Around this time, I was sitting awake at three in the morning
0:19:44 > 0:19:47with my young daughter, watching television.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52By chance, I heard about complexity theory.
0:19:52 > 0:19:54It changed the way I saw the world.
0:19:58 > 0:20:01I grew up believing that government and neo-classical economics
0:20:01 > 0:20:02is like a kind of machine.
0:20:03 > 0:20:06These systems are complicated, but once you've worked out
0:20:06 > 0:20:09how all the cogs turn and which way the levers go,
0:20:09 > 0:20:12it's a matter of cause and effect, input and output.
0:20:14 > 0:20:16But in fact, the world is not complicated, knowable,
0:20:16 > 0:20:18it's complex.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Billions of actors in constant motion,
0:20:25 > 0:20:28acting and reacting to each other and reacting back again.
0:20:31 > 0:20:36A highly-connected, constantly fluid state between order and chaos.
0:20:39 > 0:20:42Top down authority doesn't work in a complex system
0:20:42 > 0:20:45because the state of system is fundamentally unknowable.
0:20:48 > 0:20:52We can never be sure what the consequence of any one action will be.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57I experienced this for myself working in government.
0:20:57 > 0:20:58And I'm not the only one.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04Modernity and the movement of money and the movement of ideas
0:21:04 > 0:21:06means that power is sucked out of local communities
0:21:06 > 0:21:08and ends up being located almost nowhere.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11We run around thinking maybe the power's in parliament,
0:21:11 > 0:21:12or maybe the power's with the bankers,
0:21:12 > 0:21:14or maybe the power's with the journalists.
0:21:14 > 0:21:16Politicians don't really, in many ways,
0:21:16 > 0:21:18have the kind of power that people imagine.
0:21:18 > 0:21:21In fact, most of the life of a politician
0:21:21 > 0:21:24is desperately trying to eke anything out.
0:21:24 > 0:21:26There isn't, really, any power here.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29You get here and it's like The Wizard Of Oz.
0:21:29 > 0:21:31But somebody has power, don't they?
0:21:31 > 0:21:33I mean, somebody has the power to make the great decisions of state,
0:21:33 > 0:21:37taxation, or whether to wage a war or not.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40These are real powers. You're completely right.
0:21:40 > 0:21:43Theoretically, the Secretary of State can wake up in the morning
0:21:43 > 0:21:44and make a huge decision.
0:21:44 > 0:21:46But if you look at Britain, the reality is,
0:21:46 > 0:21:50it's unbelievably difficult in practice to do almost anything.
0:21:50 > 0:21:53To wage a war? Is it so difficult to wage a war?
0:21:53 > 0:21:56It doesn't seem to have been too difficult in the last few years.
0:21:56 > 0:21:59Oddly, waging a war is, ironically,
0:21:59 > 0:22:01one of the things that is easier to do,
0:22:01 > 0:22:03because it's about other people's countries.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06THEY SING AND CHANT
0:22:06 > 0:22:10Complexity theory tells us that when a system reaches a critical state,
0:22:10 > 0:22:13only one tiny event can make the whole thing shift.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20When Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire in Tunisia,
0:22:20 > 0:22:23he tipped the whole region into a state of revolution and turmoil.
0:22:25 > 0:22:29The Arab Spring - the consequences are still playing out today.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33We think we need to be big to be powerful,
0:22:33 > 0:22:36but in fact, we can be small.
0:22:44 > 0:22:45In the US and the West,
0:22:45 > 0:22:48anger has been building for a long time
0:22:48 > 0:22:52as a tiny few grow immensely rich while everyone else gets poorer.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00In 2011, a small protest lead to
0:23:00 > 0:23:02an extraordinary spontaneous mass movement
0:23:02 > 0:23:05that spread to 1,000 towns and cities worldwide.
0:23:05 > 0:23:08It began just a few blocks from my own home.
0:23:11 > 0:23:13This is the home of Occupy Wall Street.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15This is where the movement began,
0:23:15 > 0:23:17where people began staying in this park,
0:23:17 > 0:23:21having meetings about the concerns of Occupy Wall Street.
0:23:23 > 0:23:26Funnily enough, they had mass meetings called General Assemblies,
0:23:26 > 0:23:29which is a bit like... Not exactly like the meeting
0:23:29 > 0:23:32of the General Assembly in the UN, rather the opposite,
0:23:32 > 0:23:37because these were mass meetings that anybody could participate in.
0:23:37 > 0:23:40THEY CHANT
0:23:47 > 0:23:50Occupy's great achievement was to make inequality a political issue.
0:23:50 > 0:23:55Some meetings I attended were chaotic, frustrating, even boring,
0:23:55 > 0:23:57but Occupy spawned groups and networks
0:23:57 > 0:23:59that turned anger into action.
0:23:59 > 0:24:02Occupy everything!
0:24:02 > 0:24:04Everybody has the potential for leadership,
0:24:04 > 0:24:06and that people are naturally collaborative,
0:24:06 > 0:24:08and that given the opportunity,
0:24:08 > 0:24:12people want to work together in community to solve mutual problems.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14Because I think inherently we understand
0:24:14 > 0:24:17that we have power together rather than that sort of like
0:24:17 > 0:24:22what's taught to us, which is this dog-eat-dog notion of competition.
0:24:22 > 0:24:26We need to be able to unlock our imagination and to be able to
0:24:26 > 0:24:29even dream out of that paradigm. And how do you dream?
0:24:29 > 0:24:32How do I dream? I dream by helping people take over the streets.
0:24:35 > 0:24:39Then in October 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit New York City.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47Over four million people have entered their fourth day
0:24:47 > 0:24:50without power across 12 states,
0:24:50 > 0:24:54following the devastating superstorm Sandy.
0:24:54 > 0:24:58Concern is growing for people who lack food, water and heat.
0:24:58 > 0:25:02The hallways are dark, the building is dark, the whole project is dark.
0:25:02 > 0:25:04It's like a warzone out here.
0:25:08 > 0:25:10The morning of the storm,
0:25:10 > 0:25:13a couple of us started activating these networks
0:25:13 > 0:25:17that had been sort of grown up around the Occupy movement
0:25:17 > 0:25:19and solidified around Occupy Wall Street.
0:25:23 > 0:25:25We were able to use networks to say,
0:25:25 > 0:25:27actually, this is an incredibly effective way to organise.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30Much more effective than the Red Cross and FEMA
0:25:30 > 0:25:33and other institutions that are set up to do relief.
0:25:36 > 0:25:39I was driving back soon after Sandy with a volunteer
0:25:39 > 0:25:42who had not been a part of the Occupy Wall Street network,
0:25:42 > 0:25:44and as we were driving back she said,
0:25:44 > 0:25:47"You know, I always thought that government was going to be there
0:25:47 > 0:25:49"to protect me and what I'm learning is that it's not,
0:25:49 > 0:25:51"that that's a lie that I've been told."
0:25:51 > 0:25:56And I think these moments like Sandy are moments where we expand
0:25:56 > 0:25:58the perception of what's really going on.
0:26:02 > 0:26:04These crises are only getting worse and worse.
0:26:04 > 0:26:06There's these waves that are intensifying
0:26:06 > 0:26:09and the crises themselves are going to keep
0:26:09 > 0:26:12creating these cracks where more and more people come in.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16So, in the most demanding crisis,
0:26:16 > 0:26:20ground-up networks work better than top-down Government.
0:26:20 > 0:26:22This was what I was looking for,
0:26:22 > 0:26:26a politics where the people with most at stake were in control.
0:26:26 > 0:26:28Self-organisation, no hierarchy.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34This is a political philosophy with a long history,
0:26:34 > 0:26:38a philosophy that most regard as radical and totally impractical -
0:26:38 > 0:26:40anarchism.
0:26:42 > 0:26:45Anarchism has a pretty broad sweep,
0:26:45 > 0:26:51but the basic conception is that humans have a fundamental
0:26:51 > 0:26:56need and right for free creative work
0:26:56 > 0:26:59and life under their own control,
0:26:59 > 0:27:04meaning any kind of hierarchy, domination,
0:27:04 > 0:27:07master-servant relation,
0:27:07 > 0:27:09boss-employee relation,
0:27:09 > 0:27:12any such relation is going to have to justify itself.
0:27:12 > 0:27:15But if it can't, it ought to be dismantled
0:27:15 > 0:27:19and replaced by a more free, co-operative,
0:27:19 > 0:27:21participatory society.
0:27:21 > 0:27:25Don't you have an overly optimistic view of human nature?
0:27:25 > 0:27:28Well, the other view also does.
0:27:28 > 0:27:32It relies on the optimistic view that if we have leadership
0:27:32 > 0:27:34it will be benign.
0:27:34 > 0:27:38The evidence of history is overwhelmingly against that.
0:27:38 > 0:27:41So, yes, we're not angels,
0:27:41 > 0:27:46but is the solution to that to create structures and institutions
0:27:46 > 0:27:49which bring out the worst in us?
0:27:49 > 0:27:53What does an ideal anarchist society look like?
0:27:53 > 0:27:58Probably the peak of modern anarchism was Spain in the 1930s.
0:28:08 > 0:28:11I first learned about the anarchist revolution in Spain
0:28:11 > 0:28:14from a book I love by the English writer George Orwell.
0:28:20 > 0:28:23The anarchists were still in virtual control of Catalonia
0:28:23 > 0:28:26and the revolution was still in full swing.
0:28:28 > 0:28:30But when one came straight from England,
0:28:30 > 0:28:33Barcelona was something startling and overwhelming.
0:28:40 > 0:28:43It was when anarchism was actually happening.
0:28:44 > 0:28:47Anarchism was actually put into practice as a political philosophy
0:28:47 > 0:28:52and this is virtually the only time that it happened in recent years.
0:28:55 > 0:28:58But Spain was in the midst of a terrible civil war.
0:28:58 > 0:29:01SIREN WAILS
0:29:04 > 0:29:06Orwell had gone to join the republicans
0:29:06 > 0:29:08fighting General Franco's fascists.
0:29:08 > 0:29:10But he realised that in Catalonia,
0:29:10 > 0:29:13an extraordinary anarchist revolution was underway.
0:29:16 > 0:29:19TRANSLATED FROM SPANISH:
0:29:43 > 0:29:44That's extraordinary!
0:30:10 > 0:30:12"It was the first time that I had ever been in a town
0:30:12 > 0:30:15"when the working class was in the saddle.
0:30:15 > 0:30:18"Waiters and shop workers looked you in the face
0:30:18 > 0:30:19"and treated you as an equal.
0:30:21 > 0:30:24"Above all, there was a belief in the revolution and the future.
0:30:25 > 0:30:27"A feeling of having suddenly emerged
0:30:27 > 0:30:29"into an era of equality and freedom.
0:30:31 > 0:30:34"Human beings were trying to behave as human beings
0:30:34 > 0:30:36"and not as cogs in the capitalist machine.
0:30:38 > 0:30:40"There was much in it that I didn't understand.
0:30:41 > 0:30:45"In some ways I didn't even like it, but I recognised it immediately
0:30:45 > 0:30:47"as a state of affairs worth fighting for."
0:30:52 > 0:30:55It was a remarkable and unprecedented attempt to create
0:30:55 > 0:30:58a better and equal society without a state,
0:30:58 > 0:31:01without religion, without capitalism,
0:31:01 > 0:31:04where the people managed their own affairs,
0:31:04 > 0:31:05workers ran their own factories,
0:31:05 > 0:31:07peasants took over the land,
0:31:07 > 0:31:09women fought alongside men.
0:31:11 > 0:31:16But in 1937, Stalin, the republic's main backer,
0:31:16 > 0:31:18decided that he could not allow
0:31:18 > 0:31:20a genuine people's revolution to succeed.
0:31:37 > 0:31:39HE BLOWS WHISTLE
0:31:39 > 0:31:41GUNFIRE
0:31:59 > 0:32:03This is where the communists attacked the anarchists.
0:32:03 > 0:32:06The anarchist's revolution was brought to an end
0:32:06 > 0:32:10and it happened right here at the telephone exchange.
0:32:12 > 0:32:15Orwell witnessed the tragic end of the anarchists' revolution
0:32:15 > 0:32:17on the streets of Barcelona.
0:32:20 > 0:32:23Stalin's intervention undermined the republicans
0:32:23 > 0:32:25and helped them lose the civil war.
0:32:25 > 0:32:28The fascists won. It was a tragic moment.
0:32:38 > 0:32:41Although fascist rule ended in 1975,
0:32:41 > 0:32:45today Spain still suffers wide-spread economic depravation,
0:32:45 > 0:32:47high unemployment and inequality.
0:32:49 > 0:32:51But in a village in southern Spain,
0:32:51 > 0:32:53the people took matters into their own hands.
0:32:54 > 0:32:55Anarchist ideals live on.
0:33:00 > 0:33:02It's a very interesting painting because it shows
0:33:02 > 0:33:06the march of the villagers of Marinaleda towards El Humoso,
0:33:06 > 0:33:10which is a farm that was owned by the local aristocrat, disused,
0:33:10 > 0:33:12and the villagers occupied the farm.
0:33:16 > 0:33:20You led the original occupation of this land.
0:34:36 > 0:34:40In austerity-hit Spain, millions have lost their homes,
0:34:40 > 0:34:42leaving some to commit suicide.
0:34:42 > 0:34:45But in Marinaleda, the villagers are building houses for each other.
0:34:46 > 0:34:48And how does that work?
0:34:48 > 0:34:52People have two options, OK.
0:34:52 > 0:34:56If they have their jobs and they cannot work here,
0:34:56 > 0:34:58they have to pay monthly an amount of money.
0:34:58 > 0:35:02Right. And the second option is working here
0:35:02 > 0:35:04and you don't have to pay anything
0:35:04 > 0:35:07because you are giving your job here. Right.
0:35:07 > 0:35:09You are building your own house.
0:35:10 > 0:35:14And people in the village participate in building the houses,
0:35:14 > 0:35:16but they don't know which one they're going to live in.
0:35:16 > 0:35:21Yes. So they devote equal effort to whichever house they're building.
0:35:21 > 0:35:25Because they build all the houses. All the houses are the same.
0:35:25 > 0:35:28Yeah. And then after they build,
0:35:28 > 0:35:33there is a raffle and they choose...
0:35:33 > 0:35:35OK. ..one of them.
0:35:35 > 0:35:38If you win the raffle, you get the best house.
0:35:38 > 0:35:39I hope! I hope so!
0:35:39 > 0:35:42So you're hoping that you're going to live in one of these?
0:35:42 > 0:35:44Yes. Oh, that's great. That's great.
0:35:44 > 0:35:48I think this system should be in everywhere.
0:35:48 > 0:35:49Yeah.
0:35:49 > 0:35:52But people like me can't build anything.
0:35:52 > 0:35:55You know, I'm useless with my hands.
0:35:55 > 0:35:57If I built one of these houses it would be a disaster.
0:35:57 > 0:36:02No, because you can make what you put between the bricks.
0:36:02 > 0:36:04Oh, the cement. I could make the cement.
0:36:04 > 0:36:07HE LAUGHS Cement. You can do that,
0:36:07 > 0:36:09so you are participating. Yes.
0:36:09 > 0:36:12You are working for your own house, so...
0:36:12 > 0:36:14Yeah, I could mix the cement.
0:36:14 > 0:36:16I could probably manage that.
0:36:27 > 0:36:28IN SPANISH: Yes.
0:36:34 > 0:36:35Yes.
0:37:19 > 0:37:20Uh-huh.
0:37:28 > 0:37:30HORN BEEPS
0:37:32 > 0:37:34SIREN WAILS
0:37:40 > 0:37:42I got back from Spain and went to the office.
0:37:44 > 0:37:49I spend a lot of my time asking rich people for money to do our work.
0:37:49 > 0:37:52I met the most extraordinary, brave woman
0:37:52 > 0:37:54from the occupied Western Sahara -
0:37:54 > 0:37:56which is illegally occupied by Morocco -
0:37:56 > 0:37:58who is a human rights defender,
0:37:58 > 0:38:01has been tortured, solitary confinement,
0:38:01 > 0:38:03separated from her children for decades.
0:38:05 > 0:38:08A wonderful, brave woman who I've met many times over the years.
0:38:08 > 0:38:11She's an absolute inspiration.
0:38:11 > 0:38:14And whenever I see her I feel really good and I feel really kind of...
0:38:14 > 0:38:18my tank fills up. And, fairly recently this was,
0:38:18 > 0:38:21I went back to my desk and I was about to send an e-mail to
0:38:21 > 0:38:26Richard Branson's foundation to ask for money for one of our projects
0:38:26 > 0:38:29and in my in-box was an e-mail telling me that
0:38:29 > 0:38:33Branson's Virgin organisation has just organised
0:38:33 > 0:38:38a kite-surfing festival in the occupied Western Sahara.
0:38:38 > 0:38:45And it just came home to me that we are dependent on the very people
0:38:45 > 0:38:48who are the status quo to change that status quo.
0:38:48 > 0:38:50It doesn't make sense.
0:38:50 > 0:38:52There is something wrong with this model.
0:38:53 > 0:38:56And I'm really, really struggling with that right now.
0:39:00 > 0:39:03Then I began to read about an extraordinary story,
0:39:03 > 0:39:07about anarchism in action thousands of miles away.
0:39:07 > 0:39:08And it all begins here.
0:39:12 > 0:39:14This is the Turkish island of Imrali.
0:39:14 > 0:39:17There's nothing on this island except a prison,
0:39:17 > 0:39:20and for 20 years there was only one prisoner here,
0:39:20 > 0:39:23serving a life sentence for treason.
0:39:23 > 0:39:25HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE
0:39:31 > 0:39:34Abdullah Ocalan founded the PKK,
0:39:34 > 0:39:36a militant organisation that fought Turkey
0:39:36 > 0:39:38to protect the political rights of the Kurds.
0:39:44 > 0:39:46While he was in solitary confinement,
0:39:46 > 0:39:48Ocalan read a book that changed everything for him.
0:39:50 > 0:39:52The Ecology Of Freedom by Murray Bookchin.
0:39:58 > 0:40:01Bookchin was a political thinker who lived in the Lower East Side
0:40:01 > 0:40:03of New York, where I live today.
0:40:03 > 0:40:07He himself had been inspired by the Spanish anarchist revolution
0:40:07 > 0:40:08in the 1930s.
0:40:10 > 0:40:14Spanish anarchism created a political culture
0:40:14 > 0:40:18that spoke to the deepest feelings of the culture
0:40:18 > 0:40:20of the people themselves.
0:40:20 > 0:40:24It was not a party, it was not only a movement,
0:40:24 > 0:40:28it was above all a whole education, a whole way of life,
0:40:28 > 0:40:30a way to live.
0:40:30 > 0:40:33In this sense, it was a truly people's movement.
0:40:33 > 0:40:38It was not invented in the British Museum, like socialism.
0:40:38 > 0:40:41He explored, he went back to first principles.
0:40:41 > 0:40:43What is it that works?
0:40:43 > 0:40:46How do people really interact face-to-face?
0:40:46 > 0:40:48How do people live richly?
0:40:48 > 0:40:52And from that he developed, you know, what became Communalism,
0:40:52 > 0:40:54but a theory of anarchism, basically,
0:40:54 > 0:40:58of a democratic anarchism of people interacting,
0:40:58 > 0:41:01making decisions face-to-face.
0:41:01 > 0:41:04And he also blended that with ecology.
0:41:04 > 0:41:09The thing that we have to recognise, in my opinion,
0:41:09 > 0:41:12is that there are in the world today
0:41:12 > 0:41:16millions of people who, under different names...
0:41:17 > 0:41:18..are really anarchists.
0:41:20 > 0:41:24Deep in the culture of the people is the desire to regain their power,
0:41:24 > 0:41:27to create their own institutions,
0:41:27 > 0:41:31to create their own life ways, to take control of their lives.
0:41:33 > 0:41:37When Abdullah Ocalan read Bookchin, he decided this was the answer.
0:41:37 > 0:41:40He adapted Bookchin's ideas for the Kurdish struggle.
0:41:40 > 0:41:44This was self-government without a state for a people without a state.
0:41:45 > 0:41:47And he persuaded his followers to adopt the philosophy.
0:41:50 > 0:41:53And these ideas are coming to life in a country at war.
0:41:54 > 0:41:55Syria.
0:41:57 > 0:41:58So, this is a map of Syria.
0:41:59 > 0:42:04And where I'm going to go is into Rojava,
0:42:04 > 0:42:07which is basically this area here, under Kurdish control.
0:42:08 > 0:42:10And they control a band of territory
0:42:10 > 0:42:13sort of going along like this, all the way to about here.
0:42:15 > 0:42:19But I'll be floating around here, visiting the various kind of towns.
0:42:19 > 0:42:21ISIS are up here.
0:42:21 > 0:42:25They come across here, basically, in a line up here, more or less,
0:42:25 > 0:42:26including Mosul,
0:42:26 > 0:42:28so I'll be keeping in this bit.
0:42:28 > 0:42:32It's dangerous, a bit dicey, I'm more than a little bit nervous,
0:42:32 > 0:42:35but it sounds like everything I've been thinking about
0:42:35 > 0:42:37is happening here. Anarchism in practice.
0:42:37 > 0:42:39I want to go and see it for myself.
0:42:41 > 0:42:43I didn't know I was going to have to take body armour
0:42:43 > 0:42:45and a bloody helmet. I didn't know that.
0:42:56 > 0:42:58Over there, Rojava, our goal.
0:43:00 > 0:43:02Lots of Kurds trying to get across.
0:43:08 > 0:43:13In this corner of Syria, something extraordinary going on.
0:43:13 > 0:43:15Whether it is replicable,
0:43:15 > 0:43:19whether there are things that we can learn for the rest of the world,
0:43:19 > 0:43:22is what we are crossing the river for.
0:43:24 > 0:43:28In the United Nations, where the future of Syria is being negotiated,
0:43:28 > 0:43:29Rojava doesn't even get discussed.
0:43:31 > 0:43:33The Syrian Kurds don't have a place at the table.
0:43:35 > 0:43:36But something is happening here.
0:43:36 > 0:43:38I intend to find out what it is.
0:43:49 > 0:43:50And here we are in Syria.
0:43:58 > 0:44:00Hi, how are you?
0:44:00 > 0:44:01I'm Carne, nice to meet you.
0:44:01 > 0:44:03Hi. Spas. Spas.
0:44:07 > 0:44:11We've been met by the YPG, which is the Kurdish militia,
0:44:11 > 0:44:13the Kurdish People's Army,
0:44:13 > 0:44:15which has been fighting ISIS here in Syria.
0:44:26 > 0:44:29The democratic experiment in Rojava came to life in 2012,
0:44:29 > 0:44:33when large parts of the Assad regime collapsed in Syria.
0:44:35 > 0:44:38Can the principles of anarchism - no hierarchy,
0:44:38 > 0:44:40decisions made by the people, no state -
0:44:40 > 0:44:42really be operating here?
0:45:28 > 0:45:29This is a communal assembly,
0:45:29 > 0:45:32where the villagers meet to decide their local affairs.
0:46:02 > 0:46:05All the villagers take part - men and women.
0:46:05 > 0:46:07There are Arabs and Assyrians,
0:46:07 > 0:46:09and they're allowed to speak first to make sure that
0:46:09 > 0:46:11non-Kurdish minorities are given a voice.
0:46:33 > 0:46:35So, this is self-government in action.
0:46:35 > 0:46:38And here is the level that matters in Rojava -
0:46:38 > 0:46:41decisions for here are taken for here.
0:46:41 > 0:46:45Decisions that affect here, as much as possible, are made here.
0:46:45 > 0:46:48And if decisions need to go to a higher level,
0:46:48 > 0:46:52then they'll go up to the next level of the legislative assembly.
0:46:53 > 0:46:55But as far as possible,
0:46:55 > 0:46:57decisions about things that matter here
0:46:57 > 0:47:00are made in that room right there.
0:47:12 > 0:47:15Decisions that can't be made locally are made here,
0:47:15 > 0:47:16at the regional assembly.
0:47:50 > 0:47:53After watching a debate, I met some of the representatives.
0:48:26 > 0:48:29Do you feel, as a young person,
0:48:29 > 0:48:32that your ideas are taken seriously in the assembly?
0:48:32 > 0:48:35The first time it was hard on us. Yeah.
0:48:35 > 0:48:39It was the first time that we had this young age in the parliament,
0:48:39 > 0:48:45and everybody was new here, especially as a young woman.
0:48:45 > 0:48:51They see new ideas, they see how we work in the Parliament,
0:48:51 > 0:48:55they take our ideas seriously, and then they believe in it.
0:48:55 > 0:48:58Here we are trying to build a system for the whole world
0:48:58 > 0:49:00to take ideas from us.
0:49:02 > 0:49:05I've been in a lot of crappy chambers
0:49:05 > 0:49:07where you see people sitting,
0:49:07 > 0:49:10like the Security Council Parliament,
0:49:10 > 0:49:11blah, blah, blah.
0:49:11 > 0:49:14This one, although it's a bit shabby,
0:49:14 > 0:49:15it's kind of the best.
0:49:24 > 0:49:28You could almost make a kind of inverse paradigm,
0:49:28 > 0:49:32that the shabbier the collective chamber,
0:49:32 > 0:49:34the better the democracy.
0:49:34 > 0:49:38The more ornate and gilded the more...
0:49:39 > 0:49:43..the more jaded the democracy, the less representative.
0:49:51 > 0:49:55There's a real sense of having arrived somewhere
0:49:55 > 0:49:58that's very special for me.
0:49:58 > 0:49:59HE HUMS A TUNE
0:49:59 > 0:50:01Books...
0:50:03 > 0:50:08It's like, you know, for anarchists, this is like Republican Spain
0:50:08 > 0:50:10during the Civil War.
0:50:17 > 0:50:18Socks.
0:50:28 > 0:50:30We're 8km from the ISIS front lines.
0:50:34 > 0:50:38Nobody has a rank in the YPG, they just have teams,
0:50:38 > 0:50:43this being a non-hierarchical society
0:50:43 > 0:50:45based on anarchist philosophy.
0:50:45 > 0:50:49But for a non-hierarchical army, they seem to have done pretty well.
0:51:15 > 0:51:17Totally flattened.
0:51:17 > 0:51:19Shooting from up here, obviously.
0:51:21 > 0:51:24I'm not surprised civilians haven't wanted to come back here.
0:51:26 > 0:51:29The YPG is the most effective ground force in the war against ISIS.
0:51:31 > 0:51:34It controls about 30,000 square kilometres of territory,
0:51:34 > 0:51:36an area the size of Belgium...
0:51:37 > 0:51:40..with some support from American air strikes.
0:51:43 > 0:51:45I don't know, is it OK to shake hands? Yes.
0:51:45 > 0:51:47Hi, greetings.
0:51:54 > 0:51:55Nice to meet you.
0:52:03 > 0:52:05So, this is the tip of the spear...
0:52:07 > 0:52:09..of the fight against ISIS.
0:52:15 > 0:52:16They're all so young.
0:52:23 > 0:52:25So, is ISIS in those houses there?
0:52:25 > 0:52:27HE SPEAKS OWN LANGUAGE
0:52:27 > 0:52:29They come out in the evening?
0:52:29 > 0:52:30Yes. Like rabbits.
0:52:30 > 0:52:33So, are they on that hill over there as well?
0:52:41 > 0:52:43Isn't it the same for us, though?
0:52:43 > 0:52:46I mean, if you appear at the parapet here, don't they take a pot shot?
0:53:03 > 0:53:06The fighters told me that ISIS don't like attacking
0:53:06 > 0:53:09their part of the front line because they think they won't
0:53:09 > 0:53:11go to paradise if they're killed by a woman.
0:53:13 > 0:53:15I know what you're fighting against,
0:53:15 > 0:53:17but what do you think you're fighting for?
0:54:01 > 0:54:05Both the female and male fighting units have taken heavy losses.
0:54:07 > 0:54:10In this cemetery, many of the graves are freshly dug.
0:54:28 > 0:54:31Like Orwell in Spain in the 1930s,
0:54:31 > 0:54:33I'm witnessing something extraordinary.
0:54:34 > 0:54:36The anarchist ideals I believe in
0:54:36 > 0:54:39are being put into practice here, and it works.
0:54:42 > 0:54:44Rojava shows the world there is a better way of doing things.
0:54:53 > 0:54:54These people have built democracy,
0:54:54 > 0:54:59they have built the largest area of Syria that is stable and democratic.
0:54:59 > 0:55:02It's an inclusive democracy where Assyrians,
0:55:02 > 0:55:06Arabs and Kurds alike are given a fair crack of the whip.
0:55:06 > 0:55:07You know, what's not to support?
0:55:07 > 0:55:11They are fighting ISIS, they are sacrificing hundreds of lives.
0:55:11 > 0:55:14They are the people fighting the world's war against these...
0:55:16 > 0:55:18..this horror.
0:55:18 > 0:55:21The problem is, nobody's listening to them,
0:55:21 > 0:55:25and countries even like America, which is at war here,
0:55:25 > 0:55:27is not talking to them at a political level.
0:55:27 > 0:55:32It's a hell of a battle, and it's a battle, you know,
0:55:32 > 0:55:36I'm glad to take on. I have rarely felt more...
0:55:37 > 0:55:40..solidarity with a cause than I feel with these people here.
0:55:42 > 0:55:47It sounds romantic. You know, I'm not Lawrence of Arabia,
0:55:47 > 0:55:50but this is what I'd like to do.
0:55:50 > 0:55:54This is, for me, you know, why I do what I do.
0:55:55 > 0:55:58And I am really, really, really...
0:56:02 > 0:56:04I'm really sad to leave, really sad.
0:56:24 > 0:56:27It's like coming back out of the rabbit hole.
0:56:27 > 0:56:28What did I see?
0:56:28 > 0:56:30Was it real?
0:56:30 > 0:56:32Can it happen here?
0:56:34 > 0:56:36I'm greatly upset by it,
0:56:36 > 0:56:42because I feel that they're fighting an epic fight.
0:56:42 > 0:56:47And here, you know, we're talking about a new iPhone
0:56:47 > 0:56:52and the fact that Apple have chosen to use a stylus on the iPad,
0:56:52 > 0:56:58and Donald Trump, a racist and a misogynist and a billionaire,
0:56:58 > 0:57:00is the centre of political attention.
0:57:02 > 0:57:05So, the bile rises.
0:57:05 > 0:57:08And we think we're better than them, you know,
0:57:08 > 0:57:10we think we have a superior system.
0:57:10 > 0:57:13I'm like, "Who's the idiot here?"
0:57:17 > 0:57:20The basic claim of government is to provide order,
0:57:20 > 0:57:24but the evidence suggests growing disorder.
0:57:24 > 0:57:26BANGS AND SCREAMS
0:57:30 > 0:57:31And as they lose control,
0:57:31 > 0:57:35the response of governments will be more intrusion and more coercion.
0:57:37 > 0:57:39This is the future, unless we act.
0:57:45 > 0:57:50The opposite of government-imposed order is not chaos.
0:57:50 > 0:57:54There's a deeper order, concealed within human society,
0:57:54 > 0:57:58which relies not upon coercion, but cooperation and trust.
0:58:07 > 0:58:10Built not by governments or politicians
0:58:10 > 0:58:13but by people who realise at last their own true power.
0:58:17 > 0:58:19But this won't happen on its own.
0:58:19 > 0:58:21Occupy everything!
0:58:21 > 0:58:22It's up to us.
0:58:56 > 0:59:00# I love my baby... #