0:00:02 > 0:00:03Everything has an impact on your life.
0:00:03 > 0:00:05Whatever your age.
0:00:05 > 0:00:06From the type of house we live in...
0:00:06 > 0:00:08Oh, this looks nice.
0:00:08 > 0:00:11Yes, it's been completely renovated throughout.
0:00:11 > 0:00:13..to how much money we have to spend.
0:00:13 > 0:00:16Your wage ends up being like a normal working wage, which is good.
0:00:16 > 0:00:18What we put in our bodies...
0:00:18 > 0:00:22I don't think I've ever been "fat" fat, but I have put weight on.
0:00:22 > 0:00:25..to the secrets of our genetic make up.
0:00:25 > 0:00:27You are going to live to be 140.
0:00:27 > 0:00:29No, that'll do. I'll take everything I can get.
0:00:29 > 0:00:32So, finding out about all those things
0:00:32 > 0:00:35and more could help you mature brilliantly...
0:00:35 > 0:00:39..or slow down the ageing process just a little.
0:00:39 > 0:00:42We've tracked down the very best tips and advice
0:00:42 > 0:00:43for holding back the years.
0:00:43 > 0:00:45And now, with the help of our team,
0:00:45 > 0:00:48we're going to pass them on to you,
0:00:48 > 0:00:52- to show you how to have the time of your life.- Whenever that may be.
0:00:56 > 0:01:00Hello, and welcome to the show that says if life's a lottery...
0:01:00 > 0:01:03..we've got your winning numbers. Here's what's coming up.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08With Britain's pensioners being targeted on so-called suckers lists,
0:01:08 > 0:01:12we find out how your parents, grandparents, and even you
0:01:12 > 0:01:14can combat the con artists.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18I would be telling them where to go.
0:01:18 > 0:01:20It would begin with F and end with F,
0:01:20 > 0:01:24so that's as much as I'm prepared to say.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27Thank goodness for that! They daren't mess with you!
0:01:27 > 0:01:31Dr Chatterjee continues his Making Sense of your Senses Week.
0:01:31 > 0:01:34Today, he's sniffing out top tips and ways of saving
0:01:34 > 0:01:38your sense of smell and taste.
0:01:38 > 0:01:41Most people will think that they have lost their sense of taste
0:01:41 > 0:01:43if their sense of smell goes, but in reality,
0:01:43 > 0:01:46for every 100 patients that I see in a specialist clinic,
0:01:46 > 0:01:48only one patient has a true loss of taste.
0:01:48 > 0:01:50The rest all have loss of smell.
0:01:51 > 0:01:55Mindfulness and relaxation therapy is the latest way the NHS
0:01:55 > 0:01:58is combating stress, but it can take some getting used to.
0:01:58 > 0:02:02Today, for the first time in his 87 years,
0:02:02 > 0:02:04Joseph gets to experience a massage.
0:02:06 > 0:02:12- Hey.- You woke me up.- I'm sorry. Are you feeling really relaxed?
0:02:12 > 0:02:15- Yes, it's very nice.- I think that means, "Go away, Fiona!"
0:02:15 > 0:02:17I'll see you later.
0:02:17 > 0:02:20And at the other end of the age spectrum, Bill meets
0:02:20 > 0:02:24the home-grown students who could be the saviours of social care.
0:02:24 > 0:02:27A lot of young people wouldn't find working with older people
0:02:27 > 0:02:30- appealing at all, would they? - That's what I felt before I started.
0:02:30 > 0:02:31It's not what you think it'll be.
0:02:31 > 0:02:34And being truthful, I thought it was going to be, like, miserable.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37But each person in that elderly people's home had a story,
0:02:37 > 0:02:43and I wanted to hear every person's story. I want to help people,
0:02:43 > 0:02:45so that's why I want to go to uni to do social work.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53Scams - they can happen to anyone at any age, but the older we get,
0:02:53 > 0:02:56the more it would seem the scammers take us for suckers.
0:02:56 > 0:03:01And losing money is often only part of the impact these scams have.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04They can leave victims feeling ashamed, anxious,
0:03:04 > 0:03:06and incredibly vulnerable.
0:03:06 > 0:03:09Thankfully, though, some people are fighting back,
0:03:09 > 0:03:12and Fiona has been to hear their story.
0:03:12 > 0:03:16It's one of the biggest crimewaves the UK has ever seen.
0:03:16 > 0:03:19We have received notice against your name...
0:03:19 > 0:03:21Let me see what I can do...
0:03:21 > 0:03:23With around £10 billion being stolen each year...
0:03:23 > 0:03:27- Can you provide me your date of birth?- Your debit card number?
0:03:27 > 0:03:30- Your National Insurance number? - ..and it seems, the older we get,
0:03:30 > 0:03:33the more susceptible we are to becoming a victim.
0:03:35 > 0:03:39I'm in Hull to meet one of those victims. Pat Bottomley is
0:03:39 > 0:03:43someone who spent her life fostering over 100 children in the city.
0:03:43 > 0:03:46She's even got an MBE for it.
0:03:46 > 0:03:50And it's that good nature and sense of public duty that the scammers
0:03:50 > 0:03:54exploited, when they called her with an unusual demand from a man
0:03:54 > 0:03:56claiming to be from the police.
0:03:56 > 0:03:59PHONE RINGS
0:03:59 > 0:04:00Hello?
0:04:00 > 0:04:02Pat, just tell us what happened.
0:04:02 > 0:04:08The phone rang saying that they had arrested a lad in London with
0:04:08 > 0:04:12my credit card on him, £5,000 in money, four other credit cards.
0:04:12 > 0:04:14OK, and this guy who spoke to you
0:04:14 > 0:04:16said he was a police officer, didn't he?
0:04:16 > 0:04:19- That's right.- I might have believed him if he'd said that, so...
0:04:19 > 0:04:22He gave me his name, the station he was at. They said they knew
0:04:22 > 0:04:25- this was one of the people that were doing these scams.- OK.
0:04:25 > 0:04:30So they said, if I transferred money into these people's accounts,
0:04:30 > 0:04:33they would have police at the bank waiting for him to go
0:04:33 > 0:04:36and get the money, and they would catch this person.
0:04:36 > 0:04:39And the scammers tried every tactic they could
0:04:39 > 0:04:42when Pat wasn't convinced.
0:04:42 > 0:04:45When he was speaking to you, did you ever think, "Is this right?"
0:04:45 > 0:04:47Were you questioning it at all?
0:04:47 > 0:04:50He said, "Just ring the London number and check,"
0:04:50 > 0:04:54so he went off the line. I tried to get through, but couldn't.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57- Yeah.- I tried to get through on my mobile, but couldn't.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00And from 11.00 in the morning, they had both my mobile
0:05:00 > 0:05:02and my house phone locked, which I didn't know.
0:05:04 > 0:05:08What made Pat even more suspicious was the fact that the caller
0:05:08 > 0:05:12seemed to know a lot of her most personal intimate details,
0:05:12 > 0:05:15including who she banked with and even the name of her son.
0:05:17 > 0:05:19Your mind must have been all over the place.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22Oh, it definitely was. And they said,
0:05:22 > 0:05:26"With your help today, we could help thousands of people."
0:05:26 > 0:05:30Thousands of people. And that's what got me.
0:05:30 > 0:05:32Believing she was helping to catch a criminal,
0:05:32 > 0:05:38Pat ended up transferring £8,500 to the scammers,
0:05:38 > 0:05:40never to be contacted again by the fake caller.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44How has it left you feeling?
0:05:44 > 0:05:47It's like being invaded, isn't it? Assaulted, almost.
0:05:47 > 0:05:49It is. And it's as raw today as it was.
0:05:51 > 0:05:54I've lost all confidence in doing things.
0:05:54 > 0:05:59I used to work for social services. It took me no time to do a report.
0:05:59 > 0:06:02It's took me nearly six months to get these reports written,
0:06:02 > 0:06:04because I just cannot sit down and do anything.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07Cos I don't trust myself to do it properly.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10It's not the money I lost. I mean, it was a lot of money.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14I'd have rather given that to my family, my grandchildren.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16It's how it's left me feeling.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20I still feel raw, I still feel an idiot,
0:06:20 > 0:06:23and I don't think I'll ever stop feeling like that.
0:06:25 > 0:06:30Poor Pat was unfortunate enough to find herself on a database full of
0:06:30 > 0:06:35people that scammers thought would be more likely to fall for a scam.
0:06:35 > 0:06:37And guess what they call this list?
0:06:37 > 0:06:39The Suckers List.
0:06:39 > 0:06:41Charming.
0:06:41 > 0:06:43And it seems that it's the nation's pensioners
0:06:43 > 0:06:46who are top of this so-called Suckers List,
0:06:46 > 0:06:50as criminals target those who are living on their own. In fact,
0:06:50 > 0:06:56Trading Standards believes that one million OAPs will be on it by 2019.
0:06:56 > 0:07:00Neil Masters is from the National Trading Standards Scams Team,
0:07:00 > 0:07:03and has worked with victim support here in Hull.
0:07:05 > 0:07:09So, we've heard a lot about this dreadfully named Suckers List.
0:07:09 > 0:07:11Does it actually exist?
0:07:11 > 0:07:13Well, we would prefer to call it a victims list,
0:07:13 > 0:07:15because that's exactly what it is.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18It's a list of people who have fallen victim to fraud.
0:07:18 > 0:07:25It's a list that is then sold on by fraudsters to other fraudsters,
0:07:25 > 0:07:29because it is seen that people on that list are susceptible
0:07:29 > 0:07:30to being defrauded again.
0:07:31 > 0:07:35All of us have personal information about us stored quite legitimately
0:07:35 > 0:07:39by companies online. Most of this is done through call centres,
0:07:39 > 0:07:43which means the information can be easily passed on to
0:07:43 > 0:07:46other organisations we haven't even had contact with.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51And how would they get access to this information?
0:07:51 > 0:07:55The victims lists are very often traded on the dark web,
0:07:55 > 0:07:59part of the internet which most of us will never access.
0:07:59 > 0:08:04It can only be accessed by specialist software and tools.
0:08:04 > 0:08:09The lists will develop as they get traded, with more information,
0:08:09 > 0:08:11to the detriment of people like you and I.
0:08:15 > 0:08:18It's very hard to combat criminals who operate on the dark web.
0:08:18 > 0:08:21The best plan is to guard against being taken in by them
0:08:21 > 0:08:23in the first place.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28I've come to the awareness campaign group, Think Jessica, where
0:08:28 > 0:08:31Marilyn Baldwin runs a passionate campaign to educate people,
0:08:31 > 0:08:35especially older people, on how to beat the scammers.
0:08:35 > 0:08:38What shows you it's a scam is that you've got to send money.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41But for her, this is more than just a public duty.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43It's a very personal crusade.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45And the next scam, clairvoyant scams.
0:08:45 > 0:08:49Marilyn, you've spent the best part of a decade teaching people
0:08:49 > 0:08:51how to avoid scams.
0:08:51 > 0:08:53Why did you get involved in the first place?
0:08:53 > 0:08:55Well, my mother, Jessica, was a victim,
0:08:55 > 0:08:59and when she was in her late 70s, she received a letter.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02It was a bogus lottery letter that she received.
0:09:02 > 0:09:04she sent money off to it, and as a result,
0:09:04 > 0:09:08her name got put on what the criminals call a Suckers List.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11And that was really when the nightmares started.
0:09:11 > 0:09:13By the nightmares, what do you mean?
0:09:13 > 0:09:18Well, scattered amongst the letters from lotteries, banks, solicitors,
0:09:18 > 0:09:22that kind of thing, there was also letters from clairvoyants.
0:09:22 > 0:09:25And these letters told her that the family were against her,
0:09:25 > 0:09:27that people wished her harm.
0:09:27 > 0:09:28- Good grief!- Yeah.
0:09:28 > 0:09:32And turned her against anybody who tried to make her see the truth.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34So really, they'd brainwashed her, hadn't they?
0:09:34 > 0:09:37My mother wasn't diagnosed with having any mental incapacity,
0:09:37 > 0:09:41so it was very difficult to get anybody to understand, you know,
0:09:41 > 0:09:43just how strong this psychology was,
0:09:43 > 0:09:45and why it was making her behave like that.
0:09:45 > 0:09:47The family felt powerless to help,
0:09:47 > 0:09:51because even directing the mail required her mother's permission.
0:09:51 > 0:09:55As the number of letters increased daily, she began to suffer.
0:09:57 > 0:09:59It had an impact on her health as well, didn't it?
0:09:59 > 0:10:03She started to get more confused and more delusional.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06Paranoid, you know. There were times when I actually took her
0:10:06 > 0:10:08to the building society, I drove her there,
0:10:08 > 0:10:11because she was going to make her own way there anyway in the rain.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14I'd take her to the building society so she could draw money out,
0:10:14 > 0:10:15and send it off to the scams.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18It was the only way we could spend that day without an argument.
0:10:18 > 0:10:22Marilyn believes that by the last months of her life,
0:10:22 > 0:10:26her mother had received over 30,000 scam letters.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29She's sure that the stress contributed to her death.
0:10:30 > 0:10:32If a stranger walked into your house and said,
0:10:32 > 0:10:34"Oh, can you just tell me who supplies your gas?"
0:10:34 > 0:10:36"How much your house is worth?" or whatever,
0:10:36 > 0:10:38would you tell a stranger that? You wouldn't.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40So how can we avoid being caught out?
0:10:40 > 0:10:44Marilyn's got three golden rules to jam the scams.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48Number one, it's smart to be suspicious.
0:10:48 > 0:10:51Every 15 seconds, somebody falls for a scam.
0:10:51 > 0:10:57Number two, never give out your personal details or bank details
0:10:57 > 0:10:59to strangers. Number three, don't get on the hook.
0:10:59 > 0:11:04Hang up. Tell them, "No, thank you, I'm not interested," and hang up.
0:11:04 > 0:11:08So, great advice, and as a result, I can't see any of these people
0:11:08 > 0:11:12being taken for a ride any time soon.
0:11:12 > 0:11:13You look a smart lady to me.
0:11:13 > 0:11:15Do you think you'd ever be taken in by a scam?
0:11:15 > 0:11:17No, no, I don't think I would be.
0:11:17 > 0:11:20You've got to be strong, you've got to be strong, and definitely
0:11:20 > 0:11:22you don't want to talk to them unless you know the person.
0:11:22 > 0:11:25One time that did happen, I just put the phone down.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29A few minutes later, the phone rang. I said, "Hello," and THEY hung up.
0:11:31 > 0:11:34"Do you have a computer?" I say, "No".
0:11:34 > 0:11:36Half an hour later, "Do you have windows?"
0:11:36 > 0:11:39"Do we have windows? Yes, six."
0:11:39 > 0:11:42I would be telling them where to go.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45It would begin with F and end with F, so,
0:11:45 > 0:11:47that's as much as I'm prepared to say.
0:11:47 > 0:11:51Thank goodness for that! They daren't mess with you!
0:11:55 > 0:11:58You know, I'm really quite sad about some of the stories
0:11:58 > 0:12:00I've heard today. Angry, actually.
0:12:00 > 0:12:06Vulnerable people being targeted by evil people, scammers.
0:12:06 > 0:12:10But there is a way we can put a spanner in the scammers' works -
0:12:10 > 0:12:12no details, no dosh.
0:12:12 > 0:12:16You don't give them your details, they don't get any dosh.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20Time now to hear from Dr Rangan Chatterjee and the latest instalment
0:12:20 > 0:12:23in his series of Making Sense of your Senses.
0:12:23 > 0:12:29So, today he's turning his attention on how our sense of smell and taste
0:12:29 > 0:12:31could be the key to good health.
0:12:31 > 0:12:35Most of us will experience a notable loss in one of our senses
0:12:35 > 0:12:37after the age of 40.
0:12:37 > 0:12:43That's eyesight, hearing, smell, touch, taste and balance.
0:12:43 > 0:12:46But if you know what to look out for and how to get it tested,
0:12:46 > 0:12:48then treatment is available,
0:12:48 > 0:12:51not to mention top tips on preventing it in the first place.
0:12:52 > 0:12:56I'm Dr Rangan Chatterjee, and all this week,
0:12:56 > 0:12:59I will be helping you make sense of it all.
0:12:59 > 0:13:01Now, we all know that if our sight declines through age,
0:13:01 > 0:13:04we can get a pair of specs. We can even get help
0:13:04 > 0:13:08with any hearing problems, usually a simple fix.
0:13:09 > 0:13:12But just what happens when we start to lose our sense of smell?
0:13:12 > 0:13:14A rose. It might not smell so sweet,
0:13:14 > 0:13:19but that's actually just the start of the problem.
0:13:19 > 0:13:22And that's because our sense of taste is by and large governed
0:13:22 > 0:13:24by our sense of smell.
0:13:25 > 0:13:29It's impossible to even make sense of a simple packet of sweets.
0:13:30 > 0:13:32So, just a really quick test.
0:13:32 > 0:13:35Basically, going to give you a nose clip to block your sense of smell.
0:13:35 > 0:13:38- Yep.- Something to pop round your eyes so you can't see.
0:13:38 > 0:13:41Then I'm going to give you some sweets to see if you can tell me
0:13:41 > 0:13:43- what flavour they are. - OK.- OK.
0:13:44 > 0:13:45- How's that? - Yep, yep.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48Pop it in your mouth and tell me what flavour it is.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53- Apple. - Apple, OK.
0:13:56 > 0:13:58Orange. Orange.
0:14:02 > 0:14:04- Apple. - Thought that was apple as well.
0:14:04 > 0:14:06- Yeah.- OK. Did you find it hard to taste it?
0:14:06 > 0:14:08- Yes.- Yeah.- Yeah, it is.- Yeah.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12I think without the visual and also with the nose clamp...
0:14:13 > 0:14:15..you're pretty limited.
0:14:15 > 0:14:17Out of the three, you didn't get a single one right.
0:14:17 > 0:14:19No! Says a lot, doesn't it?
0:14:19 > 0:14:22And it's the same story with everyone I test.
0:14:22 > 0:14:23- Any idea? - Strawberry?
0:14:31 > 0:14:32- Lemon. - OK.
0:14:32 > 0:14:34Yeah, it's a bit confusing.
0:14:38 > 0:14:39I don't think I'm very good at this.
0:14:39 > 0:14:40I can't taste anything.
0:14:40 > 0:14:42- Can you not?- No.- OK.
0:14:42 > 0:14:45So, you know, what's interesting is that we know that, actually,
0:14:45 > 0:14:49if we cut off our sense of smell, it's a lot harder to taste.
0:14:49 > 0:14:51- It is, yes. - Did you find that?
0:14:51 > 0:14:53I did. I didn't know what I was eating, really.
0:14:53 > 0:14:57I think breathing through your mouth when your nose is blocked
0:14:57 > 0:15:00and trying to eat and taste is not easy.
0:15:00 > 0:15:04- But, you know...- So, you definitely felt a difference?- Yes.
0:15:04 > 0:15:06And as that simple test shows,
0:15:06 > 0:15:10when our sense of smell is cut off, our sense of taste goes, too.
0:15:10 > 0:15:14To find out why this happens, I've come to James Paget Hospital in
0:15:14 > 0:15:17Great Yarmouth to meet the man in charge of the UK's only clinic
0:15:17 > 0:15:20dedicated to smell and taste.
0:15:20 > 0:15:23Professor Carl Philpott is the consultant here.
0:15:23 > 0:15:26We often think of taste and smell as separate senses,
0:15:26 > 0:15:29but how closely are they linked?
0:15:29 > 0:15:32When you put food inside your mouth, you get the stimulus of true
0:15:32 > 0:15:36taste on the tongue, which are sensations of salt, sweet, bitter,
0:15:36 > 0:15:39and umami, which is a savoury sensation.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42And at the same time, the odour of the food rises through the back of
0:15:42 > 0:15:45the mouth into the nose, and that gives you the flavour of food,
0:15:45 > 0:15:49which is down to the smell. And roughly speaking, it's probably
0:15:49 > 0:15:53about 80% of flavour perception is down to smell, and 20% is taste.
0:15:53 > 0:15:58And because we label that process of appreciating flavour as tasting,
0:15:58 > 0:16:01most people will think that they've lost their sense of taste
0:16:01 > 0:16:03if their sense of smell goes.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06But in reality, for every 100 patients that I see in a specialist
0:16:06 > 0:16:09clinic, only one patient has a true loss of taste.
0:16:09 > 0:16:10The rest all have loss of smell.
0:16:12 > 0:16:14And how big of a problem is loss of smell?
0:16:14 > 0:16:19The loss of smell in the population is probably around 1-5% total loss
0:16:19 > 0:16:25of smell. Over the age of 60, 65, it becomes very much 20% or higher.
0:16:25 > 0:16:29And we know that in certain circumstances like Alzheimer's
0:16:29 > 0:16:31and Parkinson's, smell loss is very prevalent.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35So how seriously should we take a loss of smell?
0:16:35 > 0:16:36I think we should take it very seriously.
0:16:36 > 0:16:40Ultimately, it's a loss of one of our senses. It's a warning sign
0:16:40 > 0:16:44for us, when there are hazards in the home, or even just simple things
0:16:44 > 0:16:49like our own body odour and awareness of our environment.
0:16:50 > 0:16:53And I think people get very depressed when they're without it,
0:16:53 > 0:16:56because it adds a dimension to life that I think, until it's gone,
0:16:56 > 0:17:00you don't really appreciate. And I think again for the reasons
0:17:00 > 0:17:04we've already mentioned around the potential implications of
0:17:04 > 0:17:07certain diagnoses that could come out from smell loss,
0:17:07 > 0:17:09it's important to have that evaluated properly and to
0:17:09 > 0:17:12make sure there isn't a serious problem there.
0:17:12 > 0:17:19One man who is all too aware of this problem is 80-year-old Rod Goren.
0:17:19 > 0:17:24Over a period of about five years now, I've started losing
0:17:24 > 0:17:28my sense of smell, and to a lesser degree, taste.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33I just cannot smell anything at all.
0:17:33 > 0:17:38As Rod discovered, losing your sense of smell could even prove dangerous.
0:17:38 > 0:17:42I got into trouble from my son, because I was doing a little job
0:17:42 > 0:17:45on a gas heater.
0:17:45 > 0:17:48And not being able to smell the gas coming out...
0:17:50 > 0:17:53..I got told off. Seriously.
0:17:53 > 0:17:57So how has this problem affected his taste buds?
0:17:57 > 0:18:00I used to have a very, very good sense of taste,
0:18:00 > 0:18:01but certain foods now...
0:18:03 > 0:18:06..which I used to thoroughly enjoy,
0:18:06 > 0:18:09I sometimes don't even wish to eat them now.
0:18:09 > 0:18:12I certainly don't eat as much as I used to eat.
0:18:12 > 0:18:14It is just so frustrating.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21The one thing that upsets me more than anything is when
0:18:21 > 0:18:25I'm mowing the grass, you can't smell the grass.
0:18:25 > 0:18:27And that is, to me,
0:18:27 > 0:18:31is one of the most strongest and pungent smells that I can remember.
0:18:33 > 0:18:34I miss it terribly.
0:18:36 > 0:18:39Now, I decided to go make an appointment and...
0:18:42 > 0:18:44..see what can be done about it, if at all possible.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49Today is Rod's first trip to the smell and taste clinic.
0:18:49 > 0:18:51- Hello, there.- Hello. - I'm pleased to meet you.
0:18:51 > 0:18:53My name's Tracey, and I want you to...
0:18:53 > 0:18:56Nurse Tracey Baker will be performing a number of sniff tests
0:18:56 > 0:18:59to determine how severe Rod's loss of smell is.
0:19:04 > 0:19:05That's pen two.
0:19:07 > 0:19:08That's pen three.
0:19:08 > 0:19:10Nothing on any of them.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13Nothing on any of them. OK.
0:19:16 > 0:19:21So, that's come up with functional anosmia, which is no sense of smell.
0:19:21 > 0:19:23No surprises there.
0:19:23 > 0:19:27So it's time for a consultation with Professor Philpott,
0:19:27 > 0:19:31where he uses a camera to get a closer look inside Rod's nose.
0:19:38 > 0:19:41What we like to do in these circumstances is just do
0:19:41 > 0:19:45a full check and make sure there's nothing rare in the background
0:19:45 > 0:19:48that's causing this problem, so we would organise an MRI scan
0:19:48 > 0:19:52of your brain just to look at the detailed pathways in the brain
0:19:52 > 0:19:54to see there's no problems there.
0:19:54 > 0:19:57Is there any chance at all that Rod might be able to regain
0:19:57 > 0:20:01- his sense of smell?- The honest truth at the moment is we don't know
0:20:01 > 0:20:03until we've done some further tests.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07If I happen to pick up something unusual such as
0:20:07 > 0:20:10a mineral deficiency that may be treatable, then it may be
0:20:10 > 0:20:14reversible, so it would be speculation at this point.
0:20:14 > 0:20:16Unlike glasses or hearing aids,
0:20:16 > 0:20:19there's no quick fix for losing your sense of smell.
0:20:19 > 0:20:23However, there are important coping mechanisms.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25Making sure that they take precautions at home,
0:20:25 > 0:20:29so fitting a gas or smoke detector in the home environment
0:20:29 > 0:20:32as a hazard warning. To make sure their label their food so they know
0:20:32 > 0:20:35when food goes out of date, because often they miss that cue.
0:20:36 > 0:20:39But also to involve their family members and friends.
0:20:39 > 0:20:43If a sense of smell is part of their daily work schedule, then
0:20:43 > 0:20:47talk to their managers and their teams about their losing that sense,
0:20:47 > 0:20:49and have help with that.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52I think one of the key things that when you talk to people for
0:20:52 > 0:20:55the first time about suffering with smell and taste loss,
0:20:55 > 0:20:59is they think they're on their own, they think that it's just them.
0:20:59 > 0:21:03The sense of isolation is really prevalent, so actually explaining
0:21:03 > 0:21:06to them that they're not alone, that lots of other people out there are
0:21:06 > 0:21:09like them, brings them in out of the cold, if you like, and allows them
0:21:09 > 0:21:12to feel that there's a community out there that can help them.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16It's amazing how little we understand of two senses that are
0:21:16 > 0:21:20so important for so many different aspects of our daily lives.
0:21:20 > 0:21:22But having seen the work that's going on here
0:21:22 > 0:21:23at Professor Philpott's clinic,
0:21:23 > 0:21:26I think a better understanding of taste and smell
0:21:26 > 0:21:28is most definitely on the menu.
0:21:29 > 0:21:31If nostalgia is your thing,
0:21:31 > 0:21:33you're going to love this next part of the show,
0:21:33 > 0:21:37where we help exercise your old, or perhaps not so old, grey matter.
0:21:37 > 0:21:41All you have to do is watch the following clips and work out
0:21:41 > 0:21:43- when it all happened. - And the question,
0:21:43 > 0:21:46well, it's very straightforward - what was the year that was?
0:21:52 > 0:21:56Here's how the game works. We're going to show you a few key events
0:21:56 > 0:21:59that all happened in the space of a year, but which year?
0:21:59 > 0:22:02And here's why you should play along - psychologists have said
0:22:02 > 0:22:06that nostalgia can promote a sense of wellbeing and vitality
0:22:06 > 0:22:09in us all, so this could help you hold back the years.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12Can we from the beginning...?
0:22:14 > 0:22:16Background action! Action!
0:22:19 > 0:22:21If it were an American film, it would be unbearable.
0:22:21 > 0:22:24It would be treated with a great deal of sentiment
0:22:24 > 0:22:27and a lot of feel-good emotions,
0:22:27 > 0:22:30and happily, it's done so lightly.
0:22:30 > 0:22:32He's written it like
0:22:32 > 0:22:35someone throwing a stone across the surface of a pond.
0:23:20 > 0:23:22The IBM Simon was the world's first.
0:23:22 > 0:23:24It was recalled after six months.
0:23:24 > 0:23:26The battery only lasted for an hour,
0:23:26 > 0:23:28and it weighed the same as a bag of sugar.
0:23:28 > 0:23:30I think it was ahead of its time, and it was before the technology
0:23:30 > 0:23:34that was needed to support it was really ready as well, so that's
0:23:34 > 0:23:36part of the reason it wasn't a brilliant commercial success.
0:23:42 > 0:23:44The answer to that at the end of the show.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47Now, they say that life is what happens when you're busy doing
0:23:47 > 0:23:52something else, which is why it's important to slow down and relax,
0:23:52 > 0:23:53whatever age you are.
0:23:53 > 0:23:57Yeah, but this idea is now being backed up by science,
0:23:57 > 0:24:00because mindfulness, as it's sometimes referred to,
0:24:00 > 0:24:02is being offered on the NHS.
0:24:02 > 0:24:04What does it actually involve, and does it work?
0:24:04 > 0:24:08Well, Fiona and friends have been finding out if keeping calm
0:24:08 > 0:24:10can help us all carry on.
0:24:11 > 0:24:16Nowhere in the UK can claim to be home of the Fountain of Youth
0:24:16 > 0:24:19like Bath, where the ancient thermal spas have helped relax,
0:24:19 > 0:24:24rejuvenate and replenish both locals and visitors from far afield.
0:24:24 > 0:24:29Today, over a million people of all ages take to the waters each year,
0:24:29 > 0:24:33all wanting to look and feel younger than their years.
0:24:33 > 0:24:35So, what are you hoping for when you get in?
0:24:35 > 0:24:36Something warm and relaxing.
0:24:36 > 0:24:38Rest!
0:24:38 > 0:24:42Relax and recuperate from all the hustle and bustle of London.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44It's unusual to see a gent.
0:24:44 > 0:24:47I don't know why. It's so relaxing, and it's good for your joints,
0:24:47 > 0:24:49- especially when you get to my age. - Exactly!
0:24:49 > 0:24:52It's nice to go away and do something, or nothing, really.
0:24:52 > 0:24:54It's nice to take stock and just relax and switch off
0:24:54 > 0:24:57and not have your phone next to you for a few hours.
0:24:58 > 0:25:01Given such anecdotal evidence, it's perhaps not surprising
0:25:01 > 0:25:05that sales of anti-ageing spa treatments and mini breaks claiming
0:25:05 > 0:25:09to take years off you have gone through the roof in recent years.
0:25:10 > 0:25:14But of course, not everyone relishes the thought of going full frontal
0:25:14 > 0:25:17at a spa. For ages, I didn't want to do that,
0:25:17 > 0:25:21and then I had my first massage and I became a convert.
0:25:21 > 0:25:24I've arranged for Mearle, 76, and Carlton, 87,
0:25:24 > 0:25:28who'd never tried a spa, to come and give it a go.
0:25:28 > 0:25:31Now, are you really pleased to be here, or are you a bit nervous?
0:25:31 > 0:25:34I'm a bit nervous, but I'm very pleased.
0:25:34 > 0:25:36Have you ever had a massage before?
0:25:36 > 0:25:38No, not before. First time.
0:25:38 > 0:25:42You've never really been indulged and looked after and
0:25:42 > 0:25:44- treated to a spa? - No, not at all, no.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46Well, today's the day!
0:25:46 > 0:25:48- Off you go.- Thank you very much. - And we shall see you later.
0:25:54 > 0:25:58There are any number of treatments, massages and rubs that you can get
0:25:58 > 0:26:02at the average spa, but we're starting these novices off lightly,
0:26:02 > 0:26:06given its their first time. Mearle is getting a foot massage.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11- Mearle?- Hello. - Hey, how's it going?
0:26:11 > 0:26:14Very well indeed. Like I want to go to sleep.
0:26:14 > 0:26:16I feel really drowsy.
0:26:16 > 0:26:20Good. You can hold a lot of stress in your feet, actually,
0:26:20 > 0:26:23so that's all melting away by the sounds of it.
0:26:23 > 0:26:25My feet are really hot.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28- Good.- Yes. - I'll leave you to it then, yeah?
0:26:28 > 0:26:29You carry on relaxing.
0:26:29 > 0:26:34Meanwhile, Carlton relaxes with my favourite - a head massage.
0:26:34 > 0:26:38- You wake me up, my dear.- I'm sorry! - I'm enjoying it.
0:26:38 > 0:26:42- Are you feeling really relaxed? - Yes, it's very nice, very good.
0:26:42 > 0:26:44I think that means, "Go away, Fiona!"
0:26:44 > 0:26:46I'll see you later.
0:26:46 > 0:26:50Well, it seems Mearle and Carlton are both enjoying their first-ever
0:26:50 > 0:26:54massage, but I want to find out if there's any scientific proof to
0:26:54 > 0:26:58the claims that destressing can help us hold back the years.
0:26:58 > 0:27:02Meeting me is Dr Janet Withall from the University of Bath.
0:27:02 > 0:27:06So, Janet, what is stress? What effect does it have on our bodies?
0:27:06 > 0:27:08Well, the stress mechanism,
0:27:08 > 0:27:13I suppose, is that when we're feeling in danger or scared,
0:27:13 > 0:27:17our bodies release stress hormones, so as an example,
0:27:17 > 0:27:21if you step off the pavement into the middle of a busy road,
0:27:21 > 0:27:25a car comes hurtling towards you, the adrenaline kicks in,
0:27:25 > 0:27:28you breathe very quickly, your heart pounds, and it
0:27:28 > 0:27:33gives you the energy to deal with the situation very quickly.
0:27:33 > 0:27:35So short bursts of stress are actually essential,
0:27:35 > 0:27:38they're helpful to our everyday functioning?
0:27:38 > 0:27:43Yeah. The problem is, if people feel stressed for longer periods,
0:27:43 > 0:27:47the effects of those hormones can turn from positive to negative.
0:27:49 > 0:27:52Prolonged exposure to stress can contribute to many health problems,
0:27:52 > 0:27:56such as high blood pressure, heart disease and diabetes.
0:27:56 > 0:27:59The risk of these is already higher as we age,
0:27:59 > 0:28:03which makes it even more important to avoid stress in later life.
0:28:05 > 0:28:10Ageing brings with it its very own forms of stress, doesn't it?
0:28:10 > 0:28:14Exactly. I'm sure there's no time of life when there isn't
0:28:14 > 0:28:18lots of reasons to be stressed, but as people age,
0:28:18 > 0:28:22they may suffer losing a partner, having to care for someone
0:28:22 > 0:28:26long-term, and even worrying about their own health.
0:28:26 > 0:28:29- And their mortality. - And their mortality, yes,
0:28:29 > 0:28:32so these things really can't be controlled.
0:28:32 > 0:28:38What we can do is have some impact on how we react to those stresses.
0:28:40 > 0:28:44Back at the spa, Carlton and Mearle are off the massage table
0:28:44 > 0:28:46and have taken to the waters.
0:28:46 > 0:28:48Are you enjoying it, Mearle?
0:28:48 > 0:28:49Very relaxing.
0:28:49 > 0:28:51What's it like? Where do you think you are now?
0:28:51 > 0:28:56In the tropics in Jamaica. In the sea.
0:28:56 > 0:28:58You'd better stay there, then!
0:28:58 > 0:29:00- I'm in Antigua. - Antigua?
0:29:00 > 0:29:03I'm in the sunshine, and I can't keep still, I want to go round.
0:29:03 > 0:29:07- You enjoy it. - I could stay here all day!
0:29:07 > 0:29:09All right, guys, I'll leave you to it.
0:29:09 > 0:29:14Enjoy. Enjoy. I don't need to tell them to enjoy, they're loving it!
0:29:14 > 0:29:16Actually, I wish I'd gone in.
0:29:18 > 0:29:21Of course, massages and spas aren't the only ways to relax.
0:29:21 > 0:29:24There are lots of simpler and cheaper options too.
0:29:24 > 0:29:28I'm meeting Jackie Hawken, who teaches mindfulness techniques.
0:29:29 > 0:29:31What is mindfulness?
0:29:31 > 0:29:35A lot of us don't really live in the world, we live in our heads.
0:29:35 > 0:29:38- Absolutely. - So with mindfulness,
0:29:38 > 0:29:43it's paying attention in a particular way on purpose
0:29:43 > 0:29:47in the present moment, and non-judgmentally.
0:29:47 > 0:29:54It's simply, can I be sitting on the ground with my back to an oak tree,
0:29:54 > 0:29:59listening to a robin singing? Even just for ten seconds.
0:29:59 > 0:30:01That is being mindful.
0:30:03 > 0:30:07Who better to try out this technique than our intrepid volunteers?
0:30:07 > 0:30:09They've been joined by a friend, Verona,
0:30:09 > 0:30:12who has come to try out a way to relax on a budget.
0:30:12 > 0:30:16So, think of a colour that represents to you
0:30:16 > 0:30:18healing and cleansing.
0:30:18 > 0:30:22Breathing in this healing colour now to every cell in your body,
0:30:22 > 0:30:24cleansing and healing.
0:30:24 > 0:30:28And breathing out the dark, grey smoke of staleness
0:30:28 > 0:30:32that dissolves as it leaves your body.
0:30:34 > 0:30:38Considered to be around 2,500 years old, mindfulness practices
0:30:38 > 0:30:42were inspired mainly by teachings from the Eastern world.
0:30:42 > 0:30:45You see, people would say,
0:30:45 > 0:30:47"Oh, well, I don't think that's going to work for me".
0:30:47 > 0:30:50I totally agree that people can be cynical.
0:30:50 > 0:30:54Although this comes out of Eastern philosophy and wisdom,
0:30:54 > 0:30:58it's very much now a present-day thing which is helping people
0:30:58 > 0:31:00with anxiety, depression.
0:31:00 > 0:31:03Even if you just say to somebody,
0:31:03 > 0:31:10"OK, just try breathing deeply three times into your tummy."
0:31:10 > 0:31:13And then breathing all the way out.
0:31:13 > 0:31:16Now I'm breathing out.
0:31:18 > 0:31:22So, allowing all the sounds that surround you now to knit together
0:31:22 > 0:31:25like a comfort blanket of sound.
0:31:26 > 0:31:31And thoughts inevitably arise.
0:31:31 > 0:31:36Let those thoughts show themselves and dissolve.
0:31:36 > 0:31:39If all this is seeming a bit too alternative for you maybe,
0:31:39 > 0:31:42then you might be surprised to hear that mindfulness is now being
0:31:42 > 0:31:47recommended by the NHS, with some researchers claiming that its
0:31:47 > 0:31:50benefits can help us keep off weight, treat pain, and of course,
0:31:50 > 0:31:52keep us mentally fit, too.
0:31:54 > 0:31:56OK, time to find out now the final verdict
0:31:56 > 0:31:59from Mearle, Carlton and Verona.
0:31:59 > 0:32:03Hey, hey. You're coming out with smiles on your faces!
0:32:03 > 0:32:05So, Verona, how was it?
0:32:05 > 0:32:07It was lovely.
0:32:07 > 0:32:09And it made my body feel really light and just relaxed.
0:32:09 > 0:32:11Not heavy, just light.
0:32:11 > 0:32:14- Oh, that's lovely! - Very relaxing, yeah!
0:32:14 > 0:32:17Because we don't really breathe properly, do we?
0:32:17 > 0:32:19We really don't, we're rushing all the time.
0:32:19 > 0:32:23I mean, you can do mindfulness at home, you see.
0:32:23 > 0:32:25So you have to try and keep that balance.
0:32:25 > 0:32:29And my hair. When I've done my hair, I went to sleep!
0:32:31 > 0:32:33Well, these three have been a real tonic for me today,
0:32:33 > 0:32:37but what they've also shown me is that it really is important to
0:32:37 > 0:32:41step back, to look after your mind, to do the exercises.
0:32:41 > 0:32:44Yes, it would be lovely to treat yourself to a day at the spa,
0:32:44 > 0:32:47but if you don't have the money to do that,
0:32:47 > 0:32:51there are other things you can do to have a peaceful, relaxed life.
0:32:51 > 0:32:54No-one helps us all hold back the years, I reckon, like
0:32:54 > 0:32:59the nation's nurses, but with over 33,000 leaving the NHS last year
0:32:59 > 0:33:02alone, where's the next generation of staff going to come from?
0:33:02 > 0:33:05One place that's come up with part of the answer
0:33:05 > 0:33:07is a school in Manchester,
0:33:07 > 0:33:11which is putting health at the heart of the curriculum.
0:33:11 > 0:33:14This leaflet is coming through your letterbox one day soon.
0:33:17 > 0:33:22This year sees the 70th anniversary of the NHS, an institution that has
0:33:22 > 0:33:26helped us all stay well and healthy in so many different ways.
0:33:26 > 0:33:31And yet, many are worried about the NHS's own wellbeing in the next
0:33:31 > 0:33:3570 years, as record numbers of staff leave, never to return.
0:33:35 > 0:33:38However, there might be reason for optimism.
0:33:38 > 0:33:41Welcome to Manchester Health Academy,
0:33:41 > 0:33:44where they're putting the emphasis on holding back the years.
0:33:49 > 0:33:51- Hello, I'm Bill. - Hello, welcome.
0:33:51 > 0:33:54Principal Kevin Green, head boy Jack, and head girl Lauren
0:33:54 > 0:33:56are showing me around.
0:33:56 > 0:33:59So what exactly is a Health Academy, then?
0:33:59 > 0:34:01The difference with us and other academies,
0:34:01 > 0:34:03our sponsor is the National Health Service,
0:34:03 > 0:34:05the Manchester University Foundation Trust.
0:34:05 > 0:34:07We are their only school they sponsor.
0:34:07 > 0:34:11They provide us with a number of opportunities to get our children
0:34:11 > 0:34:15into the world of care and hospital services.
0:34:20 > 0:34:22And this is a school with friends in other high places,
0:34:22 > 0:34:25namely the Manchester United foundation.
0:34:27 > 0:34:29So why Manchester United?
0:34:29 > 0:34:32Well, it's a way to demonstrate to children
0:34:32 > 0:34:33the value of a healthy lifestyle.
0:34:33 > 0:34:35So we do lots of work with the foundation.
0:34:35 > 0:34:38It's a network, really, of, if you like,
0:34:38 > 0:34:42advocates of the club that they want to give something to the community.
0:34:45 > 0:34:49So it's not surprising there's a big emphasis on sport here...
0:34:49 > 0:34:50Oh, brilliant!
0:34:51 > 0:34:54..although not everyone can get full marks.
0:34:56 > 0:35:00That's good, he just missed the net. Very close.
0:35:00 > 0:35:02The idea behind the Health Academy is simple -
0:35:02 > 0:35:06give young people a head start in health care by training them in
0:35:06 > 0:35:08the skills they need while they're still at school.
0:35:08 > 0:35:12And in the future, the NHS may depend on them because of its
0:35:12 > 0:35:15staffing crisis, in particular, its problem getting nurses.
0:35:17 > 0:35:20The head of nursing at Manchester's Metropolitan University
0:35:20 > 0:35:22is Paul Tubbs.
0:35:22 > 0:35:26We're facing a large number of staff in the NHS at the moment
0:35:26 > 0:35:31who are reaching a certain age, who are retiring, and at the same time,
0:35:31 > 0:35:35the number of candidates applying to do nursing is falling.
0:35:35 > 0:35:40That produces a perfect storm of fewer entrants into the profession
0:35:40 > 0:35:43while more are actually leaving.
0:35:43 > 0:35:47And Paul can see one particular storm looming on the horizon.
0:35:47 > 0:35:51I think that nurses that have joined the profession from abroad
0:35:51 > 0:35:55have actually contributed hugely to the NHS.
0:35:55 > 0:36:01With the Brexit agenda, we're not sure whether nurses from the EU
0:36:01 > 0:36:06in particular will continue to find it attractive to come into the NHS,
0:36:06 > 0:36:11and we have seen a number of nurses leave the NHS and go back home.
0:36:11 > 0:36:15There's no doubt that a massive part of the NHS's success has been
0:36:15 > 0:36:19down to the various waves of immigration since the 1950s -
0:36:19 > 0:36:21with every position, from doctors and nurses
0:36:21 > 0:36:23to porters and cleaners,
0:36:23 > 0:36:26filled by generations of people from India, the Caribbean,
0:36:26 > 0:36:28the Philippines and the EU.
0:36:28 > 0:36:32Olea de la Iglesia is a physiotherapist
0:36:32 > 0:36:36originally from Spain, who joined the NHS and 2002.
0:36:36 > 0:36:40But in recent years, Olea has felt that things have changed,
0:36:40 > 0:36:43both inside and outside.
0:36:43 > 0:36:48By the time 2016 came,
0:36:48 > 0:36:53we were basically being dictated how long we could see a patient for,
0:36:53 > 0:36:54how long each appointment could be,
0:36:54 > 0:36:59and I was actually afraid of walking into a new patient's home,
0:36:59 > 0:37:02because I didn't know whether I was going to get abuse,
0:37:02 > 0:37:04or whether I was going to be told that I was an unworthy migrant.
0:37:04 > 0:37:08It did happen a few times, and that was enough.
0:37:08 > 0:37:11Because when you're putting everything you have into this,
0:37:11 > 0:37:14all you want to do is belong to be appreciated.
0:37:14 > 0:37:16And if you don't feel belonging or appreciation,
0:37:16 > 0:37:19you just think, "I'm wasting my time here."
0:37:19 > 0:37:23So after more than 15 years, Olea is going home to Spain.
0:37:23 > 0:37:25At the moment, there is already 40,000 vacancies
0:37:25 > 0:37:27within nursing in this country.
0:37:27 > 0:37:31And once a lot of us leave and there's more pressure
0:37:31 > 0:37:34being put on the people that remain,
0:37:34 > 0:37:36this is not going to improve.
0:37:36 > 0:37:41And with one in 11 posts in NHS England currently unfilled,
0:37:41 > 0:37:44could the solution lie in training more of our young people
0:37:44 > 0:37:45to fill the gap?
0:37:45 > 0:37:48Back at the academy, Helen Walker, Director of Health,
0:37:48 > 0:37:51certainly thinks it's the way forward.
0:37:51 > 0:37:53We're looking at employability skills,
0:37:53 > 0:37:55obviously that's key for the future.
0:37:55 > 0:38:00So every year, I have a plan which links my curriculum
0:38:00 > 0:38:02to practical activities.
0:38:02 > 0:38:05So, we will take the students to the hospital,
0:38:05 > 0:38:06they do work experience.
0:38:06 > 0:38:09There are about, what, 800 students at this school...
0:38:09 > 0:38:11- Yeah.- ..at the moment, at the academy?
0:38:11 > 0:38:15How many of them do you think will end up in the health care business?
0:38:15 > 0:38:19In terms of our sixth form, I'd say that 60 to 70% of my students
0:38:19 > 0:38:23get offers from university, and probably half of those
0:38:23 > 0:38:26have gone on to do health-related degrees,
0:38:26 > 0:38:28which is really successful and, you know,
0:38:28 > 0:38:31that gives them real opportunities in the future.
0:38:32 > 0:38:34Well, that's the view from the top, but now I want to hear
0:38:34 > 0:38:38how the pupils themselves are preparing for the future.
0:38:38 > 0:38:41I'm joining them in their social care class,
0:38:41 > 0:38:44which today is focusing on the subject of ageing.
0:38:44 > 0:38:45Quite appropriate, really.
0:38:52 > 0:38:56Girls, can you write the title down, please, which is Later Adulthood?
0:38:56 > 0:38:58And straightaway, I had a question.
0:38:58 > 0:39:00Excuse me, miss, what's later adulthood?
0:39:00 > 0:39:03Girls, can any of you tell Bill what age range
0:39:03 > 0:39:05you were looking at for later adulthood? Carolyn?
0:39:05 > 0:39:08- 65 plus.- 65 plus.
0:39:08 > 0:39:10That's not me.
0:39:10 > 0:39:12OK, so we're going to be looking at anything
0:39:12 > 0:39:15that can affect someone who is 65 and over.
0:39:15 > 0:39:17Shelby, what do you think we're looking at?
0:39:17 > 0:39:20Like the way something like your functions stop working,
0:39:20 > 0:39:21like your legs.
0:39:21 > 0:39:23- Your walking ability starts to decrease.- Walking ability.
0:39:23 > 0:39:28So those are mainly regressions that we look at in older age.
0:39:28 > 0:39:30You know, there might be a temptation
0:39:30 > 0:39:33to see a place like this as a bit non-traditional and trendy.
0:39:33 > 0:39:36But being here today and seeing what actually happens
0:39:36 > 0:39:39really gives us hope for the future.
0:39:39 > 0:39:41Have you worked out what you want to do later in life?
0:39:41 > 0:39:43I want to be a midwife.
0:39:43 > 0:39:45Either a special needs teacher or a neo-natal nurse.
0:39:47 > 0:39:50And a crucial part of making that happen
0:39:50 > 0:39:54is getting pupils out of the school and into the sort of places
0:39:54 > 0:39:57they can learn practical, first-hand lessons.
0:39:57 > 0:40:00Today, the sixth-formers are at Manchester Royal Infirmary
0:40:00 > 0:40:01to take part in a workshop
0:40:01 > 0:40:05on communicating with people with learning difficulties.
0:40:05 > 0:40:08Things that we use out on the wards to help patients communicate if they
0:40:08 > 0:40:12can't talk to us, so by pointing and pictures.
0:40:12 > 0:40:15That can be about how they're feeling, if they're in pain.
0:40:15 > 0:40:17For the pupils at the Manchester Health Academy,
0:40:17 > 0:40:19it's not just about qualifications,
0:40:19 > 0:40:22but life-changing experiences as well.
0:40:22 > 0:40:26Olivia is in sixth form and has just completed a work placement
0:40:26 > 0:40:27in a residential care home.
0:40:29 > 0:40:32Before I actually went, I didn't want to go, because I thought...
0:40:32 > 0:40:34I thought it wasn't going to be for me.
0:40:34 > 0:40:36- But when I went, I loved it. - What did you like about it?
0:40:36 > 0:40:39So, I formed a close bond with a lady called Lily,
0:40:39 > 0:40:41she had dementia, but she always remembered me.
0:40:41 > 0:40:44And we just used to sit there, I used to paint her nails,
0:40:44 > 0:40:46and we just used to speak about her life.
0:40:46 > 0:40:49And the key thing is, asking other people who know that person best
0:40:49 > 0:40:51before you go in and do the activities.
0:40:51 > 0:40:53The environment, your body language, your tone of voice,
0:40:53 > 0:40:55will all make a massive difference.
0:40:55 > 0:40:58Because he stated that he likes painting and art,
0:40:58 > 0:41:01we suggested that they should put him in a coloured room.
0:41:01 > 0:41:06And use short sentences and don't make it too confusing for him.
0:41:06 > 0:41:10A lot of young people wouldn't find working with older people appealing
0:41:10 > 0:41:12- at all, would they? - That's how I felt before I started.
0:41:12 > 0:41:14It's not what you think it will be.
0:41:14 > 0:41:17And being truthful, I thought it was going to be, like, miserable.
0:41:17 > 0:41:20But each person, that elderly person, they had a story,
0:41:20 > 0:41:23and I wanted to hear every person's story.
0:41:23 > 0:41:25I want to help people,
0:41:25 > 0:41:28so that's why I want to go to uni to do social work.
0:41:28 > 0:41:33# Those were the days of our lives... #
0:41:33 > 0:41:36So, despite the difficulties the NHS faces,
0:41:36 > 0:41:39is it still a good place for young people to set their sights on?
0:41:40 > 0:41:42I would have to say yes,
0:41:42 > 0:41:45because I am a nurse and have been for 50-odd years.
0:41:45 > 0:41:47But, yes, it is very satisfying.
0:41:47 > 0:41:53There is a huge range of specialisms that nurses work in.
0:41:53 > 0:41:55In order to get more people into the profession,
0:41:55 > 0:41:59there needs to be further education in schools.
0:41:59 > 0:42:03I think the more they know about the range of opportunities that exist,
0:42:03 > 0:42:06the more people will apply for health care working.
0:42:08 > 0:42:10Well, it's been an interesting day at the Health Academy
0:42:10 > 0:42:12and it's nearly home time.
0:42:12 > 0:42:14But there's just one more thing I have to do...
0:42:18 > 0:42:20Hello, students. We've learned a lot here today,
0:42:20 > 0:42:23and I see that the future is safe in your hands.
0:42:23 > 0:42:26So, as a token of my appreciation,
0:42:26 > 0:42:28I know you're all Manchester United supporters, most of you,
0:42:28 > 0:42:31but I'm going to give you something which I think is from a club
0:42:31 > 0:42:33just as great, my own team,
0:42:33 > 0:42:36the mighty Wycombe Wanderers!
0:42:36 > 0:42:39- ALL:- Boo!
0:42:39 > 0:42:41I'll take it that's a no, then!
0:42:44 > 0:42:46BELL RINGS
0:42:48 > 0:42:49Let's just quickly give you the answer to our
0:42:49 > 0:42:52What Was The Year That Was? archive quiz.
0:42:52 > 0:42:55- Fiona?- 1994 is the year.
0:42:55 > 0:42:57Oh, that was the year the...
0:42:57 > 0:42:59That one... The Channel Tunnel opened.
0:42:59 > 0:43:01- The Channel Tunnel opened! That one! - Yes.
0:43:01 > 0:43:05- We'll be open for business the same time tomorrow.- We will. Bye-bye.
0:43:05 > 0:43:08# Oh, yes, I do
0:43:10 > 0:43:13# You know I love you
0:43:13 > 0:43:16# I always will
0:43:16 > 0:43:18# My mind's made up
0:43:18 > 0:43:22# By the way that I feel
0:43:22 > 0:43:24# There's no beginning
0:43:24 > 0:43:27# There'll be no end
0:43:27 > 0:43:33# Cos on my love you can depend... #