0:00:05 > 0:00:08We're constantly being told how to live our lives.
0:00:10 > 0:00:12But what's the health advice you can really trust?
0:00:17 > 0:00:20In this series, we use our expertise to guide you...
0:00:22 > 0:00:25..through the contradictions and the confusions.
0:00:32 > 0:00:34We'll get to the heart of the debate...
0:00:36 > 0:00:39..and ensure you get the information you need.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49We're here when you don't know where to turn.
0:00:51 > 0:00:54I'm Michael Mosley. In this series,
0:00:54 > 0:00:56I'm joined by a team of doctors.
0:00:57 > 0:00:59Together, we'll cut through the hype,
0:00:59 > 0:01:02the headlines and the health claims.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05This is Trust Me I'm A Doctor.
0:01:12 > 0:01:16This time, we're in Glasgow, doing a huge experiment -
0:01:16 > 0:01:19to test whether vegetable oils are good for our hearts.
0:01:19 > 0:01:23We'll be finding out if eating meat is bad for you,
0:01:23 > 0:01:27testing whether beards are dangerously unhygienic...
0:01:27 > 0:01:30Excuse me, sir, would you mind if I swabbed your beard?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34..hearing from survivors on how to spot a killer disease
0:01:34 > 0:01:36before it's too late,
0:01:36 > 0:01:39and seeking the best remedy for painful mouth ulcers.
0:01:39 > 0:01:43That's not the most pleasant thing in the world! Oh, my God!
0:01:48 > 0:01:51Welcome to Glasgow, a vibrant, exciting city,
0:01:51 > 0:01:55but also one where more people die of heart disease
0:01:55 > 0:01:57than anywhere else in the UK.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00We've come here to do a big experiment,
0:02:00 > 0:02:03to see if changing just one thing about your diet
0:02:03 > 0:02:06can give you the benefits of a Mediterranean lifestyle,
0:02:06 > 0:02:08without you having to move to the Med.
0:02:11 > 0:02:13In countries like France and Spain,
0:02:13 > 0:02:17they live longer, and have lower levels of heart disease,
0:02:17 > 0:02:20and many put it down to their diet.
0:02:21 > 0:02:25It's full of vegetables, fish and less meat than we're used to.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29But could it be that the key is actually simpler -
0:02:29 > 0:02:31just one magic ingredient?
0:02:31 > 0:02:33Olive oil.
0:02:33 > 0:02:35Now, we consume a lot more than we used to,
0:02:35 > 0:02:37but the amount we knock back
0:02:37 > 0:02:40is nothing compared to our Mediterranean cousins.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43The French consume about twice as much as us,
0:02:43 > 0:02:45the Spanish 14 times as much,
0:02:45 > 0:02:48and the Greeks a whopping 20 times as much.
0:02:51 > 0:02:54The trouble is heart disease takes years to manifest,
0:02:54 > 0:02:56and there's never been a way to test
0:02:56 > 0:02:59whether one particular food can really make a difference...
0:02:59 > 0:03:01until now.
0:03:01 > 0:03:03Because here in Glasgow,
0:03:03 > 0:03:06they've developed a brand-new scientific technique
0:03:06 > 0:03:09that can do this for the first time.
0:03:09 > 0:03:13And it centres on another golden liquid.
0:03:14 > 0:03:16This is a flask of human urine -
0:03:16 > 0:03:18my urine, to be precise.
0:03:18 > 0:03:20It contains waste products from my body
0:03:20 > 0:03:24but it's also, in its own way, medical gold.
0:03:24 > 0:03:26as it contains information
0:03:26 > 0:03:29about processes that are happening deep inside my body.
0:03:31 > 0:03:35That information comes in the form of particular chemicals
0:03:35 > 0:03:39in the urine - proteins - which the team can detect in the lab.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42And what's really exciting is that they can work out
0:03:42 > 0:03:45a protein fingerprint for different diseases.
0:03:45 > 0:03:47- Hi there.- Hello, Michael.
0:03:47 > 0:03:49'The technique is called proteomics
0:03:49 > 0:03:53'and it's being pioneered by Dr Bill Mullen.'
0:03:53 > 0:03:56If we monitor the proteins in the urine,
0:03:56 > 0:03:59we can monitor what's happening in the cells in the body.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02So somebody who, for example, has got heart disease
0:04:02 > 0:04:05will start to produce different proteins in their urine
0:04:05 > 0:04:07to someone who has a healthy heart.
0:04:07 > 0:04:10There will be a different fingerprint of these proteins
0:04:10 > 0:04:15in their urine and we can detect that before the person actually
0:04:15 > 0:04:17has any symptoms of the disease.
0:04:17 > 0:04:18I guess it's very different from
0:04:18 > 0:04:21measuring things like cholesterol in the blood
0:04:21 > 0:04:24because cholesterol in the blood is basically just a risk factor.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26It doesn't tell you whether you have heart disease,
0:04:26 > 0:04:29- it just tells you you're at greater risk.- That's correct, yes,
0:04:29 > 0:04:33but when our proteomics fingerprint shows that you have heart disease,
0:04:33 > 0:04:36we're actually measuring the disease itself,
0:04:36 > 0:04:38not the risk of developing the disease.
0:04:43 > 0:04:46This new technique can detect disease
0:04:46 > 0:04:48before you have any symptoms at all.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51It's so precise that over just a few weeks,
0:04:51 > 0:04:53Bill thinks we can use it to measure
0:04:53 > 0:04:56whether consuming olive oil, as the marketing suggests,
0:04:56 > 0:04:58can improve heart health.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01So his team in Glasgow are running a trial of 70 people
0:05:01 > 0:05:03and I'm one of them.
0:05:04 > 0:05:09I start by swapping my flask of urine for a bottle of olive oil.
0:05:10 > 0:05:14Bill's team will test my urine along with the other volunteers'
0:05:14 > 0:05:17to determine the health of our hearts.
0:05:17 > 0:05:21And we'll have to take 20ml of the oil every day for six weeks.
0:05:22 > 0:05:26- Any special tips? - Well, it has to be consumed raw.
0:05:26 > 0:05:28Cooking with it tends to degrade
0:05:28 > 0:05:30the compounds that are meant to be good for you in it.
0:05:30 > 0:05:33So the health message is that it's raw.
0:05:33 > 0:05:36OK, raw, fine. I think I got the better of the exchange.
0:05:36 > 0:05:38- Cheers, Michael.- Cheers.
0:05:41 > 0:05:43But there's a twist.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46Half the people in the study are being given regular olive oil -
0:05:46 > 0:05:49the other half, extra virgin.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52I won't be told which I've got.
0:05:52 > 0:05:54The more expensive extra virgin oil
0:05:54 > 0:05:58has been claimed to be better for your heart than regular oil
0:05:58 > 0:06:00because it doesn't go through any processing,
0:06:00 > 0:06:04so it contains a lot more natural chemicals from the olive plant.
0:06:04 > 0:06:06This study will be the first real test.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10Now, I'm really looking forward to this,
0:06:10 > 0:06:11but I'm also a bit sceptical,
0:06:11 > 0:06:14because I think the benefits of the Mediterranean diet
0:06:14 > 0:06:17come from the whole thing, not just from the olive oil.
0:06:17 > 0:06:20Nonetheless, however, I'm going to add a couple of dessertspoons
0:06:20 > 0:06:24to my daily diet and see what happens.
0:06:26 > 0:06:29Compared to some of the things I've done in the name of science,
0:06:29 > 0:06:31consuming olive oil is a pleasure!
0:06:33 > 0:06:35On salad. On bread.
0:06:35 > 0:06:37Or even just as it comes.
0:06:38 > 0:06:42'And after six weeks, the scientists analyse everyone's urine again
0:06:42 > 0:06:46'to see if taking the oil has made any difference.
0:06:46 > 0:06:48'So, time for the results.'
0:06:48 > 0:06:51- Ta-da!- Time for the fun, yes.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53Well, the good news is that
0:06:53 > 0:06:56the results show there was a positive effect.
0:06:56 > 0:07:01First, the results from those taking the extra virgin olive oil.
0:07:01 > 0:07:05On average, the levels of particular proteins that signal heart disease
0:07:05 > 0:07:08fell significantly over the six weeks.
0:07:09 > 0:07:12That's a fantastic result in such a short period of time.
0:07:12 > 0:07:15- Very pleasing.- This is one of the beauties of this test,
0:07:15 > 0:07:17that I think is really good for
0:07:17 > 0:07:20measuring the effectiveness of food
0:07:20 > 0:07:22in changing your health.
0:07:22 > 0:07:24That is impressive.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26'And what about the normal olive oil?
0:07:26 > 0:07:28'Well, the results show
0:07:28 > 0:07:31'it has exactly the same effect.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34'It seems that any olive oil is good for you.'
0:07:34 > 0:07:36I wondered if I was going to put on a bit of weight,
0:07:36 > 0:07:39knocking back all that oil, but, actually, it made no difference.
0:07:39 > 0:07:43Well, the 20ml of olive oil which is sort of the recommended amount
0:07:43 > 0:07:45that you have, that's fine.
0:07:45 > 0:07:49I would recommend no more than 20ml of olive oil a day,
0:07:49 > 0:07:55and the best thing to do is replace fat in your diet with olive oil.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59So we might finally have identified
0:07:59 > 0:08:03at least one element of that famously healthy Mediterranean diet.
0:08:03 > 0:08:07A little bit of olive oil a day can improve your heart health
0:08:07 > 0:08:09in just a few weeks.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11And it doesn't seem to matter which kind,
0:08:11 > 0:08:14so you can save some money by choosing the regular sort
0:08:14 > 0:08:17rather than that fancy bottle of extra virgin.
0:08:17 > 0:08:19Cheers.
0:08:19 > 0:08:21But olive oil isn't the only oil
0:08:21 > 0:08:24that's marketed as being good for our hearts.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27So later in the programme, we'll be teaming up with Bill again
0:08:27 > 0:08:32to put some other supposedly healthy vegetable oils to the test.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34But first, over to Dr Chris van Tulleken.
0:08:44 > 0:08:49In recent years, a strange force has grown in power on Britain's streets.
0:08:49 > 0:08:50The beard.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53They seem to be everywhere these days.
0:08:53 > 0:08:57But rumours abound that they might not be hygienic.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00Recent reports have suggested they could be full of germs -
0:09:00 > 0:09:02even poo.
0:09:02 > 0:09:03So is that true?
0:09:06 > 0:09:10Now, you probably know that every inch of you is covered with bacteria
0:09:10 > 0:09:13and a good throng of the right microbes is essential
0:09:13 > 0:09:16for our wellbeing - indeed, you can't live without them.
0:09:16 > 0:09:19It's only if the wrong kinds of bacteria start to proliferate
0:09:19 > 0:09:21that you get problems.
0:09:21 > 0:09:22But what about beards?
0:09:22 > 0:09:25Are we surrounding our mouths with giant microbial mats?
0:09:25 > 0:09:28And if so, could it be doing us harm?
0:09:28 > 0:09:29'OK, it's not me.
0:09:29 > 0:09:34'This furry-faced doppelganger is my identical twin brother, Xand.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36'I've always been slightly suspicious of him
0:09:36 > 0:09:38'and his bearded ilk.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42'His face mat may harbour all kinds of strange bacteria,
0:09:42 > 0:09:45'but the fact is, we don't actually know.
0:09:45 > 0:09:48'And being a doctor of infectious diseases,
0:09:48 > 0:09:50'I, for one, want to get to the truth.'
0:09:51 > 0:09:55So I'm going to have a furtle in some of the furry faces of Camden
0:09:55 > 0:09:56using one of these.
0:09:56 > 0:10:00This is a bacterial swap, and then we're going to grow out the bacteria
0:10:00 > 0:10:02on this - a Petri dish covered in agar jelly.
0:10:02 > 0:10:03Let's find some beards!
0:10:06 > 0:10:08'I'd like to find out
0:10:08 > 0:10:12'whether there are more bacteria on beards than on naked skin.'
0:10:12 > 0:10:15Excuse me, sir, would you mind if I swabbed your beard?
0:10:15 > 0:10:17'What we'll find is a bit of mystery.
0:10:17 > 0:10:20'Research so far has been contradictory.
0:10:20 > 0:10:22'A study from 2000 showed that
0:10:22 > 0:10:26'bearded faces shed considerably more bacteria than naked skin.'
0:10:27 > 0:10:30But a 2014 survey befriended the beard,
0:10:30 > 0:10:34showing that they contained less Staphylococcus aureus.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38That's the bacterium that puts the "SA" into MRSA,
0:10:38 > 0:10:39the hospital superbug.
0:10:39 > 0:10:42So, are beards unhygienic or not?
0:10:44 > 0:10:46It's four weeks since I took my swabs.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48And here at University College, London,
0:10:48 > 0:10:53they've been incubated and analysed for bacteria by Dr Adam Roberts.
0:10:53 > 0:10:56He's studied bacteria from the planet's poles
0:10:56 > 0:11:02to the bottom of the sea, but beards are a new habitat, even to him.
0:11:02 > 0:11:03So what did you find on the beards?
0:11:03 > 0:11:06Well, a lot of different bacteria, actually.
0:11:06 > 0:11:07These look disgusting.
0:11:07 > 0:11:09There's many different bacteria on there.
0:11:09 > 0:11:11We've got over 100 species.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14- Are these bacteria? - No, those are a couple of moulds.
0:11:14 > 0:11:16- You don't normally expect moulds on skin.- No.
0:11:16 > 0:11:21There are many different reasons why there could be moulds in a beard.
0:11:21 > 0:11:22We didn't go into it.
0:11:22 > 0:11:26- Right, most of them don't bear thinking about!- That's right.
0:11:27 > 0:11:31It may sound disgusting, but of the bacteria that Adam identified,
0:11:31 > 0:11:35almost all can be found on naked skin.
0:11:35 > 0:11:39And while we did find one common to our small intestine,
0:11:39 > 0:11:43it doesn't mean it came from poo, as the headlines suggested.
0:11:45 > 0:11:47For those of us that are involved with beards -
0:11:47 > 0:11:49we either have beards, or we kiss beards,
0:11:49 > 0:11:51or we're involved in the beard community -
0:11:51 > 0:11:53should we be worried?
0:11:53 > 0:11:54Are there health and safety concerns
0:11:54 > 0:11:56with beards that you have identified?
0:11:56 > 0:11:57No. I don't think so.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59So we don't have to be anxious about that?
0:11:59 > 0:12:02There's nothing we've found which is alarming.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04Nothing alarming,
0:12:04 > 0:12:08and in fact, Adam has seen something potentially exciting in our samples.
0:12:08 > 0:12:11When you get a competitive environment like a beard,
0:12:11 > 0:12:14where there are many different bacteria, they fight for food,
0:12:14 > 0:12:17resources and space, so they produce things like antibiotics
0:12:17 > 0:12:20and you can see here, you've got halos
0:12:20 > 0:12:22and that's what we're looking for.
0:12:22 > 0:12:24The clear halo is a ring of death,
0:12:24 > 0:12:27created by antibiotic chemicals
0:12:27 > 0:12:29secreted by the bacteria in the middle,
0:12:29 > 0:12:31killing everything around them.
0:12:31 > 0:12:34It's the same thing that Alexander Fleming first noticed
0:12:34 > 0:12:36when he discovered penicillin.
0:12:36 > 0:12:39So that's a colony of a beard bug
0:12:39 > 0:12:42- and around it, it's killed the other bacteria.- That's right.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45This is hugely exciting. Potentially an antibiotic.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48Yes, and potentially, we could use it in medicine.
0:12:49 > 0:12:52Adam still has a lot of research to do before we'll find out
0:12:52 > 0:12:56whether Trust Me I'm A Doctor has discovered the next penicillin.
0:12:57 > 0:13:01But it seems that there are no more nasties lurking in beards
0:13:01 > 0:13:02than on naked skin.
0:13:04 > 0:13:07So that's a relief - beards are completely safe.
0:13:07 > 0:13:08And in fact, far from being dangerous,
0:13:08 > 0:13:12they might actually be concealing the next generation of antibiotics.
0:13:25 > 0:13:27Back in Glasgow,
0:13:27 > 0:13:32surgeon Gabriel Weston is leading the next part of our big experiment.
0:13:32 > 0:13:34We're using a brand-new technique
0:13:34 > 0:13:39to test whether different vegetable oils are good for our hearts or not.
0:13:39 > 0:13:43Earlier in the programme, we put olive oil to the test
0:13:43 > 0:13:47and discovered that it really can improve our heart health.
0:13:47 > 0:13:52We know now that adding just 20ml of raw olive oil
0:13:52 > 0:13:55to what you eat every day can be really good for your heart.
0:13:55 > 0:13:57But we want to go a step further
0:13:57 > 0:14:01to discover if other oils can be beneficial, too.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07The kinds of fats and oils we eat have long been a hot topic.
0:14:07 > 0:14:11For decades, saturated fats, like butter and lard,
0:14:11 > 0:14:13have been seen as the devil's work,
0:14:13 > 0:14:16linked to high cholesterol and heart disease.
0:14:16 > 0:14:20So we began to replace them with vegetable oils,
0:14:20 > 0:14:23which contain healthier, unsaturated fats.
0:14:23 > 0:14:26In fact, no matter which oil you choose,
0:14:26 > 0:14:29it will be made up of three types of fat.
0:14:29 > 0:14:34All vegetable oils contain a combination of polyunsaturated,
0:14:34 > 0:14:37monounsaturated and saturated fats.
0:14:37 > 0:14:42And for years now, the health benefits of each of these
0:14:42 > 0:14:44have been the cause of much debate.
0:14:46 > 0:14:51In the 1980s, we were bombarded with marketing for polyunsaturated fats,
0:14:51 > 0:14:53like those in sunflower oil.
0:14:53 > 0:14:56These were thought to lower our cholesterol
0:14:56 > 0:14:57and be good for our hearts.
0:15:00 > 0:15:01Then, in the 1990s,
0:15:01 > 0:15:06the marketers began to sell us the Mediterranean dream, with olive oil.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09This oil is rich in monounsaturates,
0:15:09 > 0:15:13also thought to reduce cholesterol.
0:15:13 > 0:15:17Today, another oil is getting a lot of hype - rapeseed.
0:15:18 > 0:15:22Like olive oil, it's high in monounsaturates.
0:15:22 > 0:15:25But which of these is really best for us?
0:15:28 > 0:15:33To find out, we're going into oil in a big way.
0:15:33 > 0:15:35So we've recruited 75 volunteers.
0:15:35 > 0:15:39A third of them will get a six-week supply of rapeseed oil.
0:15:39 > 0:15:42Another 25 will get sunflower oil.
0:15:42 > 0:15:46And 25 of them will have no oils at all -
0:15:46 > 0:15:50they're our control group and they'll carry on life as normal.
0:15:50 > 0:15:55As before, none of the volunteers know which oil they're getting.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57There's just one rule.
0:15:57 > 0:16:00As with the olive oil, they're not allowed to cook with it,
0:16:00 > 0:16:03as most of it would end up in the pan.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06Instead, they need to take it raw.
0:16:06 > 0:16:0820ml, or two dessertspoons full, a day.
0:16:10 > 0:16:14Once again, Dr Bill Mullen from Glasgow University,
0:16:14 > 0:16:17will analysing their urine at the beginning and end of the experiment
0:16:17 > 0:16:19to see whether either of these oils
0:16:19 > 0:16:23really does make a difference to our heart health.
0:16:23 > 0:16:25Olive oil, at the moment, is the only one
0:16:25 > 0:16:27that is really a health benefit out there.
0:16:27 > 0:16:31We have rapeseed oil, which is also rich in monounsaturates,
0:16:31 > 0:16:33so we think they're similar.
0:16:33 > 0:16:35And we also have sunflower oil,
0:16:35 > 0:16:38which is high in polyunsaturates
0:16:38 > 0:16:39and there's good health claims around
0:16:39 > 0:16:42that this may be beneficial, as well.
0:16:42 > 0:16:43So, at this point in time,
0:16:43 > 0:16:46we really don't know what the outcome's going to be.
0:16:46 > 0:16:49So there's a real air of mystery to this that we're investigating.
0:16:49 > 0:16:51It hasn't been done before like this.
0:16:51 > 0:16:53And that's why we're doing the science,
0:16:53 > 0:16:55to try and find out exactly what it is
0:16:55 > 0:16:58that we can recommend to people to actually take.
0:16:58 > 0:17:01And I notice here that you've got your oil with your lunch.
0:17:01 > 0:17:03I'm wondering what your favourite tipple is?
0:17:03 > 0:17:06Well, at this point in the study, we can't tell you.
0:17:06 > 0:17:08And if I did, I'd have to kill you, then!
0:17:11 > 0:17:14We'll find out how well these different oils
0:17:14 > 0:17:17live up to their marketing later in the programme.
0:17:27 > 0:17:31Previously on Trust Me, we asked you to help us find out
0:17:31 > 0:17:35whether using duct tape on warts or verrucas was actually helpful.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38Well, hundreds of you gave it a go and got in touch.
0:17:38 > 0:17:40And it turns out that perhaps it is.
0:17:40 > 0:17:4457% of people said they saw some reduction in the size of the warts,
0:17:44 > 0:17:46particularly if they were big ones.
0:17:46 > 0:17:48In fact, on average,
0:17:48 > 0:17:51they went down by about a quarter over four weeks.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54Now, this compares favourably with doing nothing at all
0:17:54 > 0:17:56or, indeed, other forms of treatment.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59So if you want to find out how to use duct tape
0:17:59 > 0:18:00on your wart of verruca,
0:18:00 > 0:18:04then go to our website...
0:18:06 > 0:18:09And on our website, you can also ask us
0:18:09 > 0:18:12any health questions you'd like answered.
0:18:12 > 0:18:15Hundreds of people have done just that.
0:18:15 > 0:18:17And our first question is...
0:18:17 > 0:18:18What causes mouth ulcers
0:18:18 > 0:18:21and how can I prevent or get rid of them?
0:18:22 > 0:18:24One for Dr Saleyha Ahsan.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are tiny.
0:18:28 > 0:18:32But they can be so painful that they can stop you from eating
0:18:32 > 0:18:34and even talking.
0:18:36 > 0:18:38- Do you get them?- No, but I used to.
0:18:38 > 0:18:40Yeah, occasionally, from time to time.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42I have one right now!
0:18:42 > 0:18:45Let's have a look. I can see it, yeah.
0:18:45 > 0:18:46Ulcers happen when a patch
0:18:46 > 0:18:50of the top layer of skin in your mouth gets damaged,
0:18:50 > 0:18:53leaving the pain sensors underneath more exposed.
0:18:54 > 0:18:56Sometimes, the cause is obvious.
0:18:56 > 0:18:59You're chewing away, you bite the inside of your cheek
0:18:59 > 0:19:01and...hey, presto!
0:19:01 > 0:19:02There's an ulcer.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05But other times, they can seem to come out of nowhere
0:19:05 > 0:19:09and even we doctors aren't always sure why they develop.
0:19:10 > 0:19:15Some research indicates slight overactivity of the immune system
0:19:15 > 0:19:18can be to blame and that some people get them
0:19:18 > 0:19:20when they're tired and run-down.
0:19:20 > 0:19:21So what can you do about them?
0:19:22 > 0:19:26Although most ulcers will heal by themselves within a week,
0:19:26 > 0:19:30there are some home remedies you can try to relieve the pain.
0:19:30 > 0:19:32'Some people swear by chilli.'
0:19:32 > 0:19:34OK... That's not the most pleasant thing in the world!
0:19:34 > 0:19:37Chilli contains the chemical capsaicin.
0:19:37 > 0:19:40This triggers our nerve sensors for heat.
0:19:40 > 0:19:44But it's also thought to act as a natural painkiller.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46Are you all right with it?
0:19:46 > 0:19:48- Oh, yeah.- Oh, my God, it's really hot, though. It's nice.
0:19:48 > 0:19:51So mixing a bit of chilli with water
0:19:51 > 0:19:53and dabbing it on your ulcer could help.
0:19:53 > 0:19:54Maybe I didn't do it enough.
0:19:54 > 0:19:58I think you did. I think you've given it a good... OK, right. OK.
0:19:58 > 0:19:59Yeah, that's good.
0:19:59 > 0:20:03But if you find chilli painful, don't persist with it.
0:20:03 > 0:20:05There are some less fiery options.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08Peppermint and eucalyptus contain chemicals
0:20:08 > 0:20:11that trigger the nerve sensors for cold
0:20:11 > 0:20:15and also seem to reduce the sensation of pain.
0:20:15 > 0:20:16Whoa!
0:20:16 > 0:20:18That's really minty.
0:20:18 > 0:20:20It feels really airy inside my mouth.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23You can buy them as essential oils,
0:20:23 > 0:20:26but make sure you use them as directed on the label.
0:20:27 > 0:20:29And if neither hot nor cold does it for you,
0:20:29 > 0:20:31there are over-the-counter treatments,
0:20:31 > 0:20:35containing the ingredients salicylate or lidocaine,
0:20:35 > 0:20:37which can help relieve the pain.
0:20:37 > 0:20:42Now, it's important to say that the methods we've mentioned so far
0:20:42 > 0:20:45may help lessen the pain of an ulcer,
0:20:45 > 0:20:48but none of them will help the ulcer to heal.
0:20:48 > 0:20:51Yet there are a few things that can.
0:20:51 > 0:20:53Salt has been known for a long time
0:20:53 > 0:20:56to have mild anti-microbial properties.
0:20:56 > 0:20:59So swishing your mouth with warm salt water
0:20:59 > 0:21:01may help ulcers heal more quickly.
0:21:01 > 0:21:06But adding bicarbonate of soda to your home-made mouthwash
0:21:06 > 0:21:08might make it even more effective.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11That's thought to be, in part, because it's alkaline,
0:21:11 > 0:21:14which the bacteria in our mouth don't like -
0:21:14 > 0:21:16although nor do I.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19Now, none of these home remedies have been subject
0:21:19 > 0:21:21to controlled scientific studies.
0:21:21 > 0:21:23But the science does makes sense
0:21:23 > 0:21:27and, anecdotally, they do seem to help.
0:21:27 > 0:21:29If none of them work for you,
0:21:29 > 0:21:33your doctor can prescribe more heavy-duty medical treatments,
0:21:33 > 0:21:35which help ulcers heal more quickly.
0:21:35 > 0:21:39Ask your GP or dentist what's best for you.
0:21:39 > 0:21:42But if an ulcer takes more than two weeks to heal
0:21:42 > 0:21:44or is bigger than a centimetre,
0:21:44 > 0:21:47it could be something more serious.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49So do get it checked by a doctor.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52Although you can't stop ulcers from forming,
0:21:52 > 0:21:55the good news is you can help lessen the pain
0:21:55 > 0:21:59and possibly help them to heal faster.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01Just choose the method that works for you
0:22:01 > 0:22:04and stick with it until the ulcer's gone.
0:22:18 > 0:22:20It's that time of year when the cold and damp
0:22:20 > 0:22:23seem to bring out all our worst aches and pains.
0:22:25 > 0:22:27In fact, one in eight of all GP appointments
0:22:27 > 0:22:29are about pain in the joints.
0:22:29 > 0:22:32So show me on the skeleton where you ache.
0:22:32 > 0:22:34- Right underneath the kneecap. - OK, yeah.
0:22:34 > 0:22:35Knees and feet.
0:22:35 > 0:22:38I've got a problem with my left shoulder,
0:22:38 > 0:22:40kind of in-between the two bones here.
0:22:40 > 0:22:43Sitting down. If I get up, then that's a struggle.
0:22:43 > 0:22:45It's one of these things you just have to try and manage.
0:22:47 > 0:22:50So why do our joints give us so much bother?
0:22:50 > 0:22:53And what can we do about it?
0:22:53 > 0:22:57In a healthy joint, the tips of the bones
0:22:57 > 0:22:59are covered with a soft tissue called cartilage.
0:22:59 > 0:23:02And in that joint space there, there's a fluid that's a lubricant
0:23:02 > 0:23:04called synovial fluid.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06It's a bit like oil in a hinge.
0:23:06 > 0:23:09But if any of that system gets damaged,
0:23:09 > 0:23:10that's when we get pain.
0:23:11 > 0:23:15The most common cause of joint pain is arthritis.
0:23:15 > 0:23:19And the most widespread form is osteoarthritis or OA.
0:23:19 > 0:23:23It's caused by basic wear and tear.
0:23:23 > 0:23:25The cartilage gets damaged
0:23:25 > 0:23:28and when you're not using your joints, fluid leaks out.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33So the less you move, the stiffer you get.
0:23:33 > 0:23:38A staggering 8.75 million people seek help for OA every year.
0:23:38 > 0:23:42We feel it mainly in our knees, our hips
0:23:42 > 0:23:43and the small joints of our hands.
0:23:43 > 0:23:47But there are things we can do to alleviate the symptoms,
0:23:47 > 0:23:49or possibly even avoid them altogether.
0:23:52 > 0:23:54To show you how, I've come to meet some folks
0:23:54 > 0:23:57whose job puts them particularly at risk of OA...
0:23:57 > 0:23:59hauliers.
0:23:59 > 0:24:02The combination of heavy lifting
0:24:02 > 0:24:03and long periods sitting still
0:24:03 > 0:24:06can take its toll on the joints.
0:24:06 > 0:24:09Tell me about your joints.
0:24:09 > 0:24:10Aches, pains, anything at all?
0:24:10 > 0:24:12Aches and pains in that finger and that finger.
0:24:12 > 0:24:15If I touch anything, try and grip hold.
0:24:15 > 0:24:16It's worse in the mornings.
0:24:16 > 0:24:19I'm suffering with my knees. If I sit in the car for a long time
0:24:19 > 0:24:22and then I go to get out, that causes me problems.
0:24:23 > 0:24:28To diagnose OA, there are some classic signs to look out for.
0:24:28 > 0:24:29The symptoms to look for
0:24:29 > 0:24:33is pain within 30 minutes of waking up in the morning.
0:24:33 > 0:24:34Like your knee pain...
0:24:34 > 0:24:37Bad when you get up, gets gradually better.
0:24:37 > 0:24:40The thing we need to do is to get the joint moving
0:24:40 > 0:24:43and to strengthen the muscles around the joints.
0:24:43 > 0:24:47And you can do this with some simple exercises.
0:24:47 > 0:24:49So we get the socks. What we're going to do
0:24:49 > 0:24:51is rest your hands on the arms of the chair
0:24:51 > 0:24:54and squeeze the sock as tight as you can
0:24:54 > 0:24:57and hold it for 30 seconds.
0:24:57 > 0:24:59So we'll do this off and on with a 20-second rest.
0:24:59 > 0:25:02You want to build up to doing this for about half an hour.
0:25:02 > 0:25:05It's about strengthening those small muscles around the joint
0:25:05 > 0:25:08and that's what improves joint pain.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11Maybe it's nicest if you're sitting around on the sofa with the missus
0:25:11 > 0:25:12watching the telly,
0:25:12 > 0:25:13not to use your stinky socks
0:25:13 > 0:25:16that you've been loading vehicles with all day.
0:25:17 > 0:25:20Next up are the knees.
0:25:20 > 0:25:23What could be more natural than lying on the floor with your doctor?
0:25:23 > 0:25:27Bend the left knee, like that.
0:25:27 > 0:25:31And then lift that right leg off the ground, a foot in the air.
0:25:31 > 0:25:35And hold that for 20 to 30 seconds
0:25:35 > 0:25:37and keep that muscle as tight as you can.
0:25:37 > 0:25:39And relax. OK, and swap legs.
0:25:40 > 0:25:42Simple exercises like these
0:25:42 > 0:25:46can really help avoid or reduce the pain of OA.
0:25:46 > 0:25:48But there's another form of arthritis
0:25:48 > 0:25:50that's completely different.
0:25:50 > 0:25:55Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, affects around 700,000 people
0:25:55 > 0:25:58and it has nothing to do with wear and tear.
0:25:58 > 0:26:02Instead, the immune system attacks the soft tissues of the joint,
0:26:02 > 0:26:05causing them to become inflamed and swollen.
0:26:07 > 0:26:09It's estimated that as many as 300,000 of us
0:26:09 > 0:26:12have RA without knowing.
0:26:12 > 0:26:16But if you spot it early, you can stop it in its tracks.
0:26:16 > 0:26:19There are medications available that can slow the condition
0:26:19 > 0:26:21and minimise joint damage,
0:26:21 > 0:26:25provided they're started within three months of the first symptoms.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28So here's what to look out for. It's called the S-factor.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31The first S is for stiffness.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34Does your early-morning stiffness persist for more than 30 minutes
0:26:34 > 0:26:36and sometimes into the day?
0:26:36 > 0:26:37The second S is swollen.
0:26:37 > 0:26:41Is there swelling around the joints and are they hot to touch?
0:26:41 > 0:26:43And the final S is squeeze.
0:26:43 > 0:26:47When you squeeze your joints, are they painful?
0:26:47 > 0:26:49If the answer to all these questions is yes,
0:26:49 > 0:26:51then you need to see your GP as soon as possible.
0:26:51 > 0:26:55Because, if you catch RA early, you can stop its progress
0:26:55 > 0:26:57and keep the disease in check.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00But one of the biggest mysteries about arthritis
0:27:00 > 0:27:02has never been solved.
0:27:02 > 0:27:07And that is, does bad weather really make the pain worse?
0:27:07 > 0:27:10Well, new research at the University of Manchester
0:27:10 > 0:27:12could soon answer this age-old question,
0:27:12 > 0:27:16with the help of you and your mobile phone.
0:27:16 > 0:27:20The study is being led by Dr Will Dixon.
0:27:20 > 0:27:24We've got an app that will allow people to report their joint pain
0:27:24 > 0:27:26and at the same time as the patient's reporting,
0:27:26 > 0:27:30we use the GPS signal that links to the local weather station
0:27:30 > 0:27:34so that we can then look at the association between their joint pain
0:27:34 > 0:27:38and the weather at that moment in time and exactly where they were.
0:27:38 > 0:27:41OK, so if the phone doesn't move, it's usually cos that person
0:27:41 > 0:27:44- is in pain and they're reporting more severe symptoms.- Absolutely.
0:27:44 > 0:27:48The accelerometer and the GPS track people's activity
0:27:48 > 0:27:49- and that's of real importance.- OK.
0:27:49 > 0:27:52Because, if people have arthritis and their arthritis gets worse,
0:27:52 > 0:27:54then, typically, their activity goes down.
0:27:54 > 0:27:56In a rheumatology clinic,
0:27:56 > 0:27:59I might see somebody every six months or once a year
0:27:59 > 0:28:01and I don't know how they've done over that time.
0:28:01 > 0:28:04But actually, if I have a system
0:28:04 > 0:28:06whereby I can use the phone on in their pocket
0:28:06 > 0:28:08to infer information about their activity,
0:28:08 > 0:28:10then that would be great.
0:28:12 > 0:28:15The app is now available for anyone to download,
0:28:15 > 0:28:18allowing the team to gather data from across the country
0:28:18 > 0:28:21in a way that's never been possible before.
0:28:22 > 0:28:24It's hoped this will develop better treatments
0:28:24 > 0:28:25for millions of sufferers.
0:28:27 > 0:28:30This is a massive study and it's hoped that it will give new insight
0:28:30 > 0:28:34into what causes joint pain, helping millions of people in the process.
0:28:34 > 0:28:36There are links to the study on our website,
0:28:36 > 0:28:38so if you have joint pain of any kind,
0:28:38 > 0:28:41I strongly recommend that you go to the website and sign up.
0:28:42 > 0:28:44Go to...
0:28:46 > 0:28:48..where you can also find more exercises
0:28:48 > 0:28:51to help avoid osteoarthritis.
0:28:57 > 0:28:58Still to come...
0:28:59 > 0:29:02..how much meat is safe to eat?
0:29:02 > 0:29:05And can we drink alcohol when we're on medication?
0:29:05 > 0:29:06But first...
0:29:09 > 0:29:12Previously on Trust Me, I'm A Doctor,
0:29:12 > 0:29:16we ran tests on herbal supplements available here in the UK
0:29:16 > 0:29:19and we found that many of them are not what they say they are.
0:29:21 > 0:29:26We discovered that many supplements sold without the "THR" mark,
0:29:26 > 0:29:27that is a guarantee of quality,
0:29:27 > 0:29:31actually contained little or none of the product advertised
0:29:31 > 0:29:35and some even contained chemical contaminants.
0:29:35 > 0:29:37If I look at all these packs on this table,
0:29:37 > 0:29:39they're all very clear,
0:29:39 > 0:29:41they have ingredients, they have a dosage.
0:29:41 > 0:29:43I mean, they can't just be lying?
0:29:43 > 0:29:45Well, I'm sorry to say,
0:29:45 > 0:29:48I think some of the suppliers of food supplements,
0:29:48 > 0:29:50yes, they are lying.
0:29:50 > 0:29:53Well, we passed our findings on to the Food Standards Agency.
0:29:53 > 0:29:57They have commissioned local authorities to run further tests.
0:29:57 > 0:30:01They have taken more than 500 samples of supplements
0:30:01 > 0:30:03and results of those tests are now being analysed
0:30:03 > 0:30:04and should be published very soon.
0:30:04 > 0:30:08We'll be putting the report on our website straightaway,
0:30:08 > 0:30:12and the FSA will help local authorities to take action
0:30:12 > 0:30:17against companies found to be selling fake or contaminated supplements.
0:30:17 > 0:30:20To find out more, go to our website...
0:30:21 > 0:30:25..where you have also been asking us your health questions.
0:30:25 > 0:30:27How can I get rid of my tinnitus?
0:30:29 > 0:30:32To investigate the phantom noises caused by tinnitus,
0:30:32 > 0:30:36Gabriel Weston is stepping into a completely soundless room.
0:30:36 > 0:30:39# It's oh, so quiet
0:30:39 > 0:30:41# Ssh! #
0:30:41 > 0:30:44It's not unusual if you find yourself
0:30:44 > 0:30:49in a completely silent room to hear the odd noise in your head.
0:30:49 > 0:30:52Buzzing, ringing, clicking, hissing.
0:30:52 > 0:30:53Tinnitus is the term for
0:30:53 > 0:30:57when these noises become obtrusive in everyday life.
0:30:57 > 0:31:01And 10% of us will suffer from it at one point or another.
0:31:01 > 0:31:06But why does tinnitus happen, and can we get rid of it?
0:31:07 > 0:31:09Well, a new understanding of the condition
0:31:09 > 0:31:12may help come up with solutions.
0:31:12 > 0:31:17Up to 90% of cases are in people who are suffering from hearing loss,
0:31:17 > 0:31:19either as part of the ageing process,
0:31:19 > 0:31:23or because of exposure to loud music and noises.
0:31:23 > 0:31:25And that has been a vital clue.
0:31:27 > 0:31:30A new theory for why tinnitus happens
0:31:30 > 0:31:32is that sensory cells in the ear
0:31:32 > 0:31:37overcompensate for hearing loss by becoming more sensitive.
0:31:37 > 0:31:40This turns up the volume on background noises
0:31:40 > 0:31:41we wouldn't usually hear,
0:31:41 > 0:31:45a bit like turning the gain up on an amplifier.
0:31:45 > 0:31:47DISTORTED BUZZING
0:31:47 > 0:31:48So if you suffer from tinnitus,
0:31:48 > 0:31:52the first thing you should do is get your hearing checked.
0:31:52 > 0:31:54You might find you need a hearing aid,
0:31:54 > 0:31:57and this could help stop your ear overcompensating -
0:31:57 > 0:32:02in effect, turn down the gain and get rid of unwanted noise.
0:32:02 > 0:32:05But if that doesn't get rid of your tinnitus, then there is a way
0:32:05 > 0:32:07to make it less intrusive -
0:32:07 > 0:32:10listening to something else to tune it out.
0:32:10 > 0:32:13One way to do this is to use a sound pillow at night,
0:32:13 > 0:32:17to play music or sounds of nature as you go to sleep.
0:32:17 > 0:32:19Other people swear by white noise.
0:32:19 > 0:32:22Now this can be delivered to the ear via a generator
0:32:22 > 0:32:25which is worn a bit like a hearing aid,
0:32:25 > 0:32:29or by just switching your analogue radio in between stations.
0:32:31 > 0:32:34But there could be more hope for some tinnitus sufferers.
0:32:34 > 0:32:36Drugs are being developed
0:32:36 > 0:32:39which may in the future reduce the unwanted noise
0:32:39 > 0:32:42for those whose tinnitus is caused by inner-ear damage.
0:32:42 > 0:32:44For now my advice would be,
0:32:44 > 0:32:48be reassured that your tinnitus is highly unlikely to be dangerous.
0:32:48 > 0:32:51Get your hearing tested.
0:32:51 > 0:32:53And if your tinnitus is intrusive,
0:32:53 > 0:32:56try some of the available therapies out there.
0:32:56 > 0:32:59They really can make the difference
0:32:59 > 0:33:02between tinnitus that gets on top of you
0:33:02 > 0:33:05and tinnitus that you can really manage.
0:33:14 > 0:33:17It's always difficult to know how best to be healthy.
0:33:18 > 0:33:20We're told something is good for us.
0:33:20 > 0:33:22Then too much is bad.
0:33:22 > 0:33:24So what are the limits?
0:33:24 > 0:33:27When can you have too much of a good thing?
0:33:29 > 0:33:30This time, I'm looking at meat.
0:33:30 > 0:33:34Now, is it a vital source of protein and other nutrients,
0:33:34 > 0:33:37or would you be better off leaving it out of your diet entirely?
0:33:37 > 0:33:41When it comes to meat, how much is too much?
0:33:42 > 0:33:45I've come to hear the opinions of two leading experts
0:33:45 > 0:33:48about the links between meat and health.
0:33:48 > 0:33:51They have very different points of view.
0:33:51 > 0:33:52Professor Robert Pickard
0:33:52 > 0:33:56thinks meat plays an important part in a healthy diet.
0:33:56 > 0:33:59There is no biological reason whatsoever
0:33:59 > 0:34:01to be unduly concerned about red meat.
0:34:01 > 0:34:06But Dr Valter Longo thinks any amount can be harmful.
0:34:06 > 0:34:10I think it would be safest to go to no meat at all.
0:34:10 > 0:34:14So how do they come to such different conclusions?
0:34:14 > 0:34:17I want to hear their evidence. First up, Robert Pickard,
0:34:17 > 0:34:22Emeritus Professor of Neurobiology at the University of Cardiff.
0:34:22 > 0:34:25He's former Director General of the British Nutrition Foundation
0:34:25 > 0:34:28and a member of the Meat Advisory Panel.
0:34:28 > 0:34:33What do you think about the recent article in The Lancet
0:34:33 > 0:34:37saying that processed meat definitely causes cancer
0:34:37 > 0:34:39and that red meat probably does?
0:34:39 > 0:34:43It's very important to distinguish between associations
0:34:43 > 0:34:45and cause and effect mechanisms.
0:34:45 > 0:34:49The evidence that it was based on shows associations
0:34:49 > 0:34:52between people that eat certain quantities of red meat
0:34:52 > 0:34:58and the incidence of disease, in particular, of course, cancer.
0:34:58 > 0:35:02But we've got lots of studies to show that vegetarians
0:35:02 > 0:35:05have the same incidence of colorectal cancer
0:35:05 > 0:35:08as people that eat meat on a very regular basis.
0:35:08 > 0:35:12So the science would indicate that there is nothing to worry about.
0:35:12 > 0:35:17So why are there so many negative reports about red meat?
0:35:17 > 0:35:19I really don't understand that,
0:35:19 > 0:35:22because there is no biological reason whatsoever
0:35:22 > 0:35:24to be unduly concerned about red meat.
0:35:24 > 0:35:28I would eat red meat from pork, lamb or beef
0:35:28 > 0:35:30probably two or three times a week.
0:35:30 > 0:35:35It's the most nutritious food that we have on our plate,
0:35:35 > 0:35:39and in fact, with a small amount of red meat
0:35:39 > 0:35:41and a tiny one-inch cube of liver,
0:35:41 > 0:35:45you would get all your vitamin and mineral requirements
0:35:45 > 0:35:47just in one portion of food.
0:35:47 > 0:35:50You'd only need to supplement it with a little bit of vitamin C.
0:35:50 > 0:35:52In terms of quantities, then,
0:35:52 > 0:35:56you are comfortable eating red meat two or three times a week?
0:35:56 > 0:35:57How much?
0:35:57 > 0:36:00If you could take a piece of fillet steak,
0:36:00 > 0:36:03and you look at the palm of your hand,
0:36:03 > 0:36:06and if you can imagine it fitting into the palm of your hand,
0:36:06 > 0:36:08about a centimetre high,
0:36:08 > 0:36:11then that's an appropriately moderate amount.
0:36:11 > 0:36:15When people ask me about beef burgers,
0:36:15 > 0:36:17which can be a similar shape and size,
0:36:17 > 0:36:21I always have to remind them that a beef burger contains 30% more fat
0:36:21 > 0:36:26than an equivalent weight of genuine fillet steak.
0:36:26 > 0:36:30So in fact, a beef burger is TOO nutritious
0:36:30 > 0:36:34to be eaten in large quantities by sedentary people.
0:36:34 > 0:36:37So you would put processed meat into a different category to red meat?
0:36:37 > 0:36:40Well, processed meat contains more fat,
0:36:40 > 0:36:42and that can create a problem
0:36:42 > 0:36:45because there is some indication that
0:36:45 > 0:36:50a high intake of fat could have some carcinogenic properties,
0:36:50 > 0:36:54and also if a meat has been preserved with nitrates or nitrites,
0:36:54 > 0:36:57then of course, those can be carcinogenic.
0:36:57 > 0:37:00Have you ever been tempted to become vegetarian?
0:37:00 > 0:37:04No, because the biology has always been very clear to me
0:37:04 > 0:37:08that after the age of 60, it becomes much more difficult
0:37:08 > 0:37:10to absorb nutrients from the gut.
0:37:10 > 0:37:13So I always say to people over 60 that red meat
0:37:13 > 0:37:18is far more valuable to you than it was in your middle years,
0:37:18 > 0:37:21because now you need extra concentrations
0:37:21 > 0:37:22of vitamins and minerals
0:37:22 > 0:37:27to cope with the fact that you're less efficient at absorbing them.
0:37:27 > 0:37:29Are your views at all affected by funding?
0:37:29 > 0:37:32Have you been funded by the meat industry?
0:37:32 > 0:37:35No, but the Meat Advisory Panel
0:37:35 > 0:37:39is funded by the Agriculture and Horticultural Development Board.
0:37:39 > 0:37:43But my views are the views of a professional biologist,
0:37:43 > 0:37:45and they represent other views
0:37:45 > 0:37:49that professional biologists would generally have.
0:37:49 > 0:37:51I would not do anything
0:37:51 > 0:37:55that I believed to be contrary to the public interest.
0:37:55 > 0:37:58So what would your broad advice to people be?
0:37:58 > 0:38:03We've evolved over seven million years to eat an omnivorous diet.
0:38:03 > 0:38:08Our gut is designed to treat both animal and plant foods.
0:38:08 > 0:38:11So I would maintain a pretty steady supply
0:38:11 > 0:38:14of animal proteins throughout life.
0:38:14 > 0:38:16I'd make sure that it's slightly higher for children,
0:38:16 > 0:38:22and it's particularly higher for adults over 60.
0:38:22 > 0:38:26So Professor Pickard thinks we all need at least some meat
0:38:26 > 0:38:28to stay healthy, and there is no strong evidence
0:38:28 > 0:38:32to link eating meat with an increased risk of cancer.
0:38:32 > 0:38:35Professor Valter Longo strongly disagrees.
0:38:35 > 0:38:37He's Professor in Gerontology
0:38:37 > 0:38:39at the University of Southern California.
0:38:39 > 0:38:42He's shown a link between high protein -
0:38:42 > 0:38:47especially from meat - and age-related diseases.
0:38:47 > 0:38:49Your research suggests that too much protein
0:38:49 > 0:38:51- is associated with accelerated ageing.- Yes.
0:38:51 > 0:38:54And is there a particular level which triggers off these processes?
0:38:54 > 0:38:56Yes, and it turned out that people
0:38:56 > 0:39:00that had over 20% of their calories coming from proteins
0:39:00 > 0:39:04were at a much higher risk for a variety of diseases.
0:39:04 > 0:39:06But does it matter where the protein comes from?
0:39:06 > 0:39:09Yes, we believe that it does,
0:39:09 > 0:39:13and the amino acid profile of, for example, plant-based proteins
0:39:13 > 0:39:16is different from that of animal-based proteins.
0:39:16 > 0:39:18And the red meat may in fact - we don't know yet -
0:39:18 > 0:39:21but may in fact have the worst profile in general, right?
0:39:21 > 0:39:25And we suspect that the type of amino acids that it contains
0:39:25 > 0:39:27has the largest effect
0:39:27 > 0:39:31and these growth factors that are so central for ageing and diseases.
0:39:31 > 0:39:33Now do you think there's something particularly bad
0:39:33 > 0:39:36- about processed meat?- Yes.
0:39:36 > 0:39:41The processed meat may contain other components - the fat -
0:39:41 > 0:39:44and maybe some of the ingredients, maybe they're based on
0:39:44 > 0:39:49the way the meat was processed or the way the animals were fed,
0:39:49 > 0:39:53and those could have additional effects that makes it even worse.
0:39:53 > 0:39:57Now you've said that eating large amounts of meat
0:39:57 > 0:40:00is as bad for you as smoking.
0:40:00 > 0:40:01Do you stick with that?
0:40:01 > 0:40:06Yes, I mean, the statement was about the risk, right?
0:40:06 > 0:40:10So when you look at the database of a number of diseases
0:40:10 > 0:40:13in the United States, following thousands of people,
0:40:13 > 0:40:15and you look at the risk
0:40:15 > 0:40:18for the group having the highest protein intake,
0:40:18 > 0:40:22and then you look in the same database for either smokers
0:40:22 > 0:40:25or past smokers, the risk increase was very similar.
0:40:25 > 0:40:26Isn't that rather peculiar,
0:40:26 > 0:40:31since our ancestors have been eating red meat for millions of years?
0:40:31 > 0:40:33Yeah, and this argument is...
0:40:33 > 0:40:36I always hear this and it's just completely irrelevant,
0:40:36 > 0:40:40and it's irrelevant because our ancestors lived to 55,
0:40:40 > 0:40:44maybe, if they were lucky, they made it to 50, 55 years of age.
0:40:44 > 0:40:46So what do you eat?
0:40:46 > 0:40:51I eat a plant-based plus fish, so a pescatarian diet that is
0:40:51 > 0:40:55low-protein, high-nourishment and generally low-carb.
0:40:55 > 0:40:58I assume that... You know, you're obviously Italian,
0:40:58 > 0:41:01that in your childhood you must have eaten quite a lot of these foods.
0:41:01 > 0:41:05Yeah, actually, we spend a lot of time going round the world
0:41:05 > 0:41:08asking people what they eat now, centenarians especially,
0:41:08 > 0:41:09and what they used to eat,
0:41:09 > 0:41:11and it turns out that when you ask centenarians,
0:41:11 > 0:41:14particularly Italians, they almost never ate red meat.
0:41:14 > 0:41:17Now realistically you're not going to persuade people worldwide
0:41:17 > 0:41:20to give up eating meat, it's extremely unlikely.
0:41:20 > 0:41:22What do you think people should do?
0:41:22 > 0:41:26I think that, if you can do it, as it happened for smoking,
0:41:26 > 0:41:30then it's best to go down to very little or nothing.
0:41:30 > 0:41:34I mean, it's interesting that we don't use the system
0:41:34 > 0:41:37that we already use in a courtroom,
0:41:37 > 0:41:40where you have to have evidence from many different sides, right,
0:41:40 > 0:41:43then you put it all together and at the end, you have a verdict.
0:41:43 > 0:41:46So you think basically the verdict should be, meat, guilty?
0:41:46 > 0:41:48Absolutely yes.
0:41:48 > 0:41:51The verdict right now is meat guilty,
0:41:51 > 0:41:53and then you can always appeal,
0:41:53 > 0:41:56and with the appeal, we will see,
0:41:56 > 0:41:58but I feel pretty good about the case, yeah.
0:41:58 > 0:42:02So Professor Longo is convinced that eating lots of protein,
0:42:02 > 0:42:07particularly from meat, is bad for us and can cause cancer.
0:42:07 > 0:42:11After hearing the evidence on both sides, it's time for me
0:42:11 > 0:42:15to decide on my verdict for meat.
0:42:15 > 0:42:18Now having listened to my two experts, I am, if anything,
0:42:18 > 0:42:20a little bit more confused than I was.
0:42:20 > 0:42:22But I think something which is really clear,
0:42:22 > 0:42:24processed meat is bad for you.
0:42:24 > 0:42:27If you really want to live a long time,
0:42:27 > 0:42:31then probably your best bet is to go for Professor Longo's approach,
0:42:31 > 0:42:34which is essentially fish and vegetables.
0:42:34 > 0:42:35But most of us are human.
0:42:35 > 0:42:39I still enjoy my steak, and so I think it's pretty safe,
0:42:39 > 0:42:42if you stick to the government guidelines,
0:42:42 > 0:42:44which are 70 grams, on average, a day.
0:42:44 > 0:42:48That is not very generous, it's a piece of meat about the size
0:42:48 > 0:42:51of my palm, and about one centimetre thickness.
0:43:02 > 0:43:06There are some conditions, like heart disease, where most people are aware
0:43:06 > 0:43:08of the signs and symptoms.
0:43:08 > 0:43:12But there is a condition which kills over 30,000 people every year,
0:43:12 > 0:43:15which people are not really aware of.
0:43:15 > 0:43:19That is a shame, because if they were, many lives could be saved.
0:43:19 > 0:43:21Over to Dr Saleyha Ahsan.
0:43:21 > 0:43:25This little-known killer is called sepsis.
0:43:25 > 0:43:29It can strike any of us at any time,
0:43:29 > 0:43:32but its early signs can be difficult to spot.
0:43:32 > 0:43:37But now survivors of the condition are sharing their experiences
0:43:37 > 0:43:41so that we can all learn what to look out for.
0:43:41 > 0:43:42And across the nation,
0:43:42 > 0:43:46doctors and campaigners are working to raise awareness of sepsis
0:43:46 > 0:43:49so that more lives can be saved.
0:43:49 > 0:43:54Sepsis causes around eight million deaths worldwide every year,
0:43:54 > 0:43:59and 37,000 of those happen here in the UK.
0:43:59 > 0:44:03That's more than breast, bowel and prostate cancer combined,
0:44:03 > 0:44:06yet very few people have ever heard of it,
0:44:06 > 0:44:09and fewer still understand it.
0:44:09 > 0:44:13You may have heard it called septicaemia, or blood poisoning,
0:44:13 > 0:44:15but it isn't actually an infection.
0:44:15 > 0:44:19It is caused when the immune system reacts to an infection
0:44:19 > 0:44:22in a way that's abnormal and dangerous.
0:44:22 > 0:44:24My daughter Tilly had sepsis.
0:44:26 > 0:44:28Her body shut down.
0:44:28 > 0:44:33I woke up three weeks later, I couldn't lift my hands.
0:44:33 > 0:44:36I couldn't feel my legs.
0:44:36 > 0:44:38I couldn't speak, either.
0:44:38 > 0:44:41I just wondered what had happened to me. How did this happen?
0:44:43 > 0:44:46The trigger for sepsis can be as simple as a cut finger.
0:44:46 > 0:44:49But in a matter of days, even just hours,
0:44:49 > 0:44:52it can develop into a catastrophic attack
0:44:52 > 0:44:56that threatens the body's own tissues and organs.
0:44:56 > 0:44:57I was 20.
0:44:57 > 0:45:00I didn't understand it because I do quite a lot of sport,
0:45:00 > 0:45:01I'm mostly fit and healthy.
0:45:01 > 0:45:06It didn't make any sense in my head that I'd become so sick so quickly.
0:45:08 > 0:45:11If sepsis isn't recognised early
0:45:11 > 0:45:12and treated quickly,
0:45:12 > 0:45:16it can lead to shock, organ failure and death.
0:45:16 > 0:45:18And those lucky enough to survive
0:45:18 > 0:45:23may have to live with amputations and lasting health problems.
0:45:23 > 0:45:26I survived, but at the cost of my right leg below the knee,
0:45:26 > 0:45:28all the fingers on my left hand
0:45:28 > 0:45:31and the second and third digits of the fingers on my right hand.
0:45:32 > 0:45:34Any of us can get sepsis,
0:45:34 > 0:45:38and it can be triggered by any kind of infection, even minor.
0:45:38 > 0:45:42Yet it can be surprisingly difficult to spot.
0:45:42 > 0:45:46So listening to survivors can help us all learn
0:45:46 > 0:45:48what symptoms to look out for.
0:45:48 > 0:45:50It came on really, really suddenly -
0:45:50 > 0:45:54I woke up in the middle of the night feeling very cold
0:45:54 > 0:45:56but kind of sweaty and feverish and shaking a bit,
0:45:56 > 0:45:59and I thought, "Oh, this is great. Great, I've got flu(!)"
0:45:59 > 0:46:02It started off with flu-like symptoms -
0:46:02 > 0:46:04temperature, shivering.
0:46:04 > 0:46:07About three days later I started getting stomach bug symptoms
0:46:07 > 0:46:10as well, so I had quite bad sickness and diarrhoea.
0:46:11 > 0:46:15Sepsis often starts with intense flu-like symptoms,
0:46:15 > 0:46:16but as it gets more severe,
0:46:16 > 0:46:20it reduces the blood supply to major organs,
0:46:20 > 0:46:22leading to some more distinctive symptoms.
0:46:22 > 0:46:25For me it was the shivering and the shaking, just...
0:46:25 > 0:46:26I had absolutely no control over it.
0:46:26 > 0:46:28I was legitimately worried
0:46:28 > 0:46:31I was going to end up chipping quite a few teeth just because I was...
0:46:31 > 0:46:33my teeth were chattering.
0:46:33 > 0:46:34You're trying to take in as much air as you can
0:46:34 > 0:46:37and it's like there isn't anywhere for that air to go
0:46:37 > 0:46:38so you can't breathe in any more.
0:46:38 > 0:46:40I got very confused.
0:46:40 > 0:46:42I think it may be that confusion
0:46:42 > 0:46:44that alerted my husband to get a doctor.
0:46:44 > 0:46:47My wife just said I was delirious, confused,
0:46:47 > 0:46:50and, er, she just dialled 999 right away.
0:46:50 > 0:46:55Mandy, you'd noticed that Tilly hadn't been wetting her nappies.
0:46:55 > 0:46:57I don't think it was particularly,
0:46:57 > 0:47:00erm, something that stuck out in my mind,
0:47:00 > 0:47:03but actually it should have been.
0:47:03 > 0:47:04If I'd had some information,
0:47:04 > 0:47:08I might have picked up on earlier and said, "This isn't right."
0:47:08 > 0:47:13Symptoms like these are signs that some of the body's organs,
0:47:13 > 0:47:15such as the lungs, brain and kidneys,
0:47:15 > 0:47:19are being starved of oxygen and are going into failure.
0:47:19 > 0:47:21I noticed a mottled rash all over my body.
0:47:21 > 0:47:24It was a rash that I'd never really seen before.
0:47:24 > 0:47:29A rash like this is caused by capillaries, tiny blood vessels,
0:47:29 > 0:47:33shutting down, and blood leaking into the tissues under the skin.
0:47:33 > 0:47:35With me, it sort of progressed and sort of spread
0:47:35 > 0:47:38over my entire body, erm, there's a photo of it here.
0:47:38 > 0:47:41Also you can see the swelling of my body from not passing any fluid.
0:47:41 > 0:47:45At this stage, Patrick's life was hanging in the balance.
0:47:45 > 0:47:49In fact, all our survivors were close to death
0:47:49 > 0:47:51by the time they reached hospital.
0:47:51 > 0:47:54And some were instinctively aware of the danger -
0:47:54 > 0:47:56a feeling that shouldn't be ignored.
0:47:56 > 0:47:58At one point I was on my knees
0:47:58 > 0:48:00and I really thought I was going to die.
0:48:00 > 0:48:04Er, looking back, it was as if my insides were being crushed.
0:48:04 > 0:48:08This kind of direct feedback from people who've survived sepsis
0:48:08 > 0:48:14has been used to compile a list of six common red-flag symptoms.
0:48:29 > 0:48:31In babies and young children,
0:48:31 > 0:48:34some of these symptoms will present differently.
0:48:34 > 0:48:37In babies, you won't notice that they've got slurred speech,
0:48:37 > 0:48:40but you might notice that they're irritable,
0:48:40 > 0:48:43not feeding and not engaging.
0:48:43 > 0:48:48This makes children, like Tilly, particularly vulnerable.
0:48:48 > 0:48:51We couldn't really rouse her from her sleep,
0:48:51 > 0:48:52and her skin had gone mottled.
0:48:52 > 0:48:55I tried to give her a bottle and she wouldn't take it,
0:48:55 > 0:48:59so at that point we literally put her in the car,
0:48:59 > 0:49:02and then we had to drive 80 miles down to Southampton
0:49:02 > 0:49:06where they've got a paediatric intensive care unit,
0:49:06 > 0:49:08and from that point it sort of snowballed,
0:49:08 > 0:49:11and they said that she might not make it
0:49:11 > 0:49:15because she had sepsis and she was in septic shock.
0:49:15 > 0:49:17I've never heard of sepsis, didn't know where to turn.
0:49:17 > 0:49:20Didn't know where to get information.
0:49:20 > 0:49:23Although close to death when she was brought into hospital,
0:49:23 > 0:49:29thanks to a doctor's speedy diagnosis, Tilly survived.
0:49:29 > 0:49:32I probably hold them a bit closer than I would otherwise
0:49:32 > 0:49:36but, you know, I feel so lucky, so lucky.
0:49:36 > 0:49:39Gosh, I want to give you a hug!
0:49:40 > 0:49:43'One thing that everyone in our group had in common
0:49:43 > 0:49:46'was a lack of existing knowledge about sepsis.
0:49:46 > 0:49:49'That's something I want to help change.'
0:49:49 > 0:49:52I think the most important thing is for people to consider sepsis.
0:49:52 > 0:49:55It's that fine line in that sort of first period of recognition
0:49:55 > 0:49:57which is the most important,
0:49:57 > 0:49:59because you can save a life or a limb,
0:49:59 > 0:50:02or psychological damage to someone,
0:50:02 > 0:50:03and that's the most important thing
0:50:03 > 0:50:06so it's getting people to really consider it.
0:50:06 > 0:50:11Testimony like this from patients can make us all more aware of sepsis
0:50:11 > 0:50:15and improve recognition and treatment.
0:50:15 > 0:50:18It's something I'm personally passionate about,
0:50:18 > 0:50:19so, please, go to our website at...
0:50:22 > 0:50:24..for more information,
0:50:24 > 0:50:28and spread the word about sepsis to help save lives.
0:50:36 > 0:50:39Now, something that confuses a lot of people is,
0:50:39 > 0:50:43when you're on medication, what food and drink should you avoid?
0:50:43 > 0:50:47Like alcohol. As a doctor, I'm always asked,
0:50:47 > 0:50:50can people drink booze when they're taking medicines?
0:50:50 > 0:50:52Or could that end up being a lethal cocktail?
0:50:54 > 0:50:57In fact, it's thought that drinking alcohol while taking medicine
0:50:57 > 0:51:01is a factor in up to a quarter of all A&E visits.
0:51:01 > 0:51:05You might think that antibiotics are the biggest culprit,
0:51:05 > 0:51:09but rather surprisingly, most nowadays don't require abstinence.
0:51:10 > 0:51:12Other drugs, though, can be a problem.
0:51:13 > 0:51:16You should never take alcohol with medicines that make you drowsy
0:51:16 > 0:51:18because alcohol also makes you drowsy.
0:51:18 > 0:51:22But there are other medicines that change the way that alcohol
0:51:22 > 0:51:26is broken down and they can increase this toxic by-product that you get
0:51:26 > 0:51:28when you drink alcohol called acetaldehyde,
0:51:28 > 0:51:30and give you a thing called a flushing syndrome,
0:51:30 > 0:51:32where you can vomit, go bright red in the face,
0:51:32 > 0:51:34and it can dangerously increase your heart rate.
0:51:34 > 0:51:36So alcohol is something to be avoided
0:51:36 > 0:51:40unless you're absolutely certain that the drug you are on
0:51:40 > 0:51:42is safe when you take it.
0:51:42 > 0:51:45Alcohol isn't the only culprit, though -
0:51:45 > 0:51:47lots of foods can cause problems too.
0:51:47 > 0:51:52One of the most surprising offenders is grapefruit!
0:51:52 > 0:51:54It's the iconic healthy breakfast, isn't it?
0:51:54 > 0:51:57What could possibly be harmful about a grapefruit?
0:51:57 > 0:52:01Well, in fact, when scientists were studying the effect of alcohol
0:52:01 > 0:52:03on blood pressure medicines back in the 1980s,
0:52:03 > 0:52:05they disguised the taste of alcohol
0:52:05 > 0:52:07in the studies with grapefruit juice,
0:52:07 > 0:52:10and what they found out was that the grapefruit
0:52:10 > 0:52:11had a far bigger effect
0:52:11 > 0:52:13on the medication dose than the alcohol did,
0:52:13 > 0:52:16and in some cases it actually tripled the dose
0:52:16 > 0:52:17of blood pressure medicine.
0:52:17 > 0:52:20This happens because grapefruit contain a chemical that messes up
0:52:20 > 0:52:23the normal breakdown of drugs in your body.
0:52:23 > 0:52:26This is particularly true for cholesterol drugs like statins.
0:52:26 > 0:52:28If you take one statin pill a day,
0:52:28 > 0:52:30but you also drink a glass of grapefruit,
0:52:30 > 0:52:32what you'll end up with in your bloodstream
0:52:32 > 0:52:36is the equivalent of taking 13 statin pills.
0:52:36 > 0:52:38And that can really, really dangerous.
0:52:38 > 0:52:40It's not all statins, though,
0:52:40 > 0:52:44so always check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
0:52:48 > 0:52:50Now, as if the dangers of grapefruit weren't enough,
0:52:50 > 0:52:53there are some other foods to look out for.
0:52:53 > 0:52:55If you're taking a blood-thinning medicine to prevent clots,
0:52:55 > 0:52:59like warfarin, vegetables like kale, spinach, broccoli,
0:52:59 > 0:53:02salad leaves and cabbage can be a bit of a problem.
0:53:02 > 0:53:05Even green tea and liver, because all of these things contain
0:53:05 > 0:53:07high levels of vitamin K,
0:53:07 > 0:53:11and vitamin K can help promote blood clotting,
0:53:11 > 0:53:15so they effectively mean you need more of that anti-clotting drug.
0:53:15 > 0:53:19But don't go eliminating healthy green veg from your diet
0:53:19 > 0:53:23if you're on blood thinners - just eat them in small, regular amounts
0:53:23 > 0:53:25to avoid a big vitamin K boost.
0:53:27 > 0:53:29Finally - liquorice!
0:53:29 > 0:53:31Black liquorice contains a chemical
0:53:31 > 0:53:34that can cause your potassium levels to fall.
0:53:34 > 0:53:37Low potassium levels may lead to high blood pressure,
0:53:37 > 0:53:40irregular heart rhythms and even heart failure.
0:53:41 > 0:53:44So if you're on heart or blood pressure medicines
0:53:44 > 0:53:47it might be best to stick it to the stick.
0:53:48 > 0:53:51Now, no-one could possibly remember all the different
0:53:51 > 0:53:54drug and food interactions, it's way too complicated.
0:53:54 > 0:53:56The thing to remember is, check with your doctor,
0:53:56 > 0:53:59check with your pharmacist, and always read the packet.
0:54:10 > 0:54:15Back in Glasgow, we're coming to the end of our big six-week experiment.
0:54:15 > 0:54:1875 volunteers have been helping us test
0:54:18 > 0:54:21different types of vegetable oil,
0:54:21 > 0:54:25to see if they are good for our hearts, as olive oil is.
0:54:26 > 0:54:28I found it a bit daunting -
0:54:28 > 0:54:30it's quite a lot of oil to consume every day.
0:54:30 > 0:54:34I found the easiest thing to do was make porridge in the microwave,
0:54:34 > 0:54:37stir in the oil and it blended in quite nicely.
0:54:37 > 0:54:41I stirred it into soup or cooked pasta.
0:54:41 > 0:54:44Sometimes if I forgot about it I downed it like a shot,
0:54:44 > 0:54:46which was my least favourite option,
0:54:46 > 0:54:47followed by orange juice
0:54:47 > 0:54:49or something that would cut through the oil.
0:54:51 > 0:54:55One group of volunteers took 20ml a day of sunflower oil,
0:54:55 > 0:54:58high in polyunsaturated fats.
0:54:58 > 0:55:02Another group took rapeseed oil, high in monounsaturates.
0:55:02 > 0:55:05We wanted to find out whether either of these
0:55:05 > 0:55:08could match the heart benefits of olive oil.
0:55:09 > 0:55:12After using a new technique that involves analysing proteins
0:55:12 > 0:55:16in our volunteers' urine, Dr Bill Mullen has the results.
0:55:17 > 0:55:20- Hi. Good to see you. - Nice to see you too.
0:55:20 > 0:55:22So, what was the verdict?
0:55:22 > 0:55:26The sunflower oil, which is the one that's rich in polyunsaturates
0:55:26 > 0:55:30which allegedly have a protective effect against cholesterol,
0:55:30 > 0:55:34showed no change in our biomarker for heart disease.
0:55:34 > 0:55:36So, after all the marketing
0:55:36 > 0:55:39for polyunsaturates and sunflower goodness,
0:55:39 > 0:55:41there's no evidence in this experiment
0:55:41 > 0:55:43that it's good for our hearts.
0:55:43 > 0:55:48But what about rapeseed oil, high in monounsaturates, instead?
0:55:48 > 0:55:52When we looked at the one that was high in monounsaturates,
0:55:52 > 0:55:56which was closer to what we believe olive oil is,
0:55:56 > 0:56:01again there was no change in that on our biomarker for heart disease.
0:56:02 > 0:56:04A real surprise, then.
0:56:04 > 0:56:07Rapeseed oil, which has fewer saturated fats
0:56:07 > 0:56:10and almost as many monounsaturated fats as olive oil,
0:56:10 > 0:56:13should, according to the latest theories,
0:56:13 > 0:56:16have been at least as good for us as olive oil.
0:56:16 > 0:56:19But according to this test, it's not.
0:56:19 > 0:56:24So to find the secret of olive oil, it's back to the drawing board.
0:56:24 > 0:56:28We've shown that polyunsaturates and the monounsaturates
0:56:28 > 0:56:31that are in rapeseed oil and in sunflower oil
0:56:31 > 0:56:35seem to have no effect on our cardiovascular disease biomarker.
0:56:35 > 0:56:39So really it must be more complex
0:56:39 > 0:56:43than just simply the amount of monounsaturates in an oil,
0:56:43 > 0:56:46or the amount of polyunsaturates in an oil.
0:56:46 > 0:56:50So we should be sceptical of the marketing messages about oils.
0:56:50 > 0:56:55As ever, it's not as simple as they suggest.
0:56:55 > 0:56:58But the good news is that we have shown
0:56:58 > 0:57:01that olive oil really is good for us.
0:57:01 > 0:57:05It turns out that this ancient golden liquid
0:57:05 > 0:57:07really does hold the key to a healthier heart -
0:57:07 > 0:57:10and we've found nothing to match it.
0:57:10 > 0:57:15Now, the key to exactly why it does that is still a mystery.
0:57:15 > 0:57:17But the take-home message is,
0:57:17 > 0:57:20take a couple of spoonfuls of this every day,
0:57:20 > 0:57:23doesn't matter whether it's the expensive extra virgin option
0:57:23 > 0:57:27or the cheaper stuff, as long as it's raw, and not cooked.
0:57:40 > 0:57:41That's it from Glasgow.
0:57:41 > 0:57:44Next time we're in Derby, testing out new ways
0:57:44 > 0:57:48to help you stick to your health resolutions,
0:57:48 > 0:57:52trying out the supplement that might make you drink less alcohol,
0:57:52 > 0:57:56and unveiling the new discovery that could help us all lose weight.
0:57:56 > 0:57:58That's just amazing.
0:58:07 > 0:58:11# I just made an appointment for a special rendezvous
0:58:11 > 0:58:16# To see a man of miracles and all that he can do
0:58:21 > 0:58:24# Doctor, I want you
0:58:24 > 0:58:26# Mm, my doctor, wanna do
0:58:26 > 0:58:28# I can't get over you
0:58:28 > 0:58:31# Doctor, do anything that you wanna do... #