0:00:29 > 0:00:31APPLAUSE
0:00:31 > 0:00:35Hello and welcome to the Great History Quiz.
0:00:35 > 0:00:37The show where we give you, the viewer, the chance to
0:00:37 > 0:00:41pit your wits against some of the country's most respected historians.
0:00:41 > 0:00:45Between them, these people have got 16 university degrees,
0:00:45 > 0:00:47they've written 18 books
0:00:47 > 0:00:51and contributed over 200 hours of television.
0:00:51 > 0:00:52So good luck.
0:00:52 > 0:00:55Today's show is dedicated to that notorious dynasty, the Tudors,
0:00:55 > 0:00:59who ruled the country from 1485 to 1603.
0:00:59 > 0:01:04A turbulent period that changed the face of British history forever.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07Along the way, we will taste some Tudor dishes,
0:01:07 > 0:01:09encounter some Tudor artefacts
0:01:09 > 0:01:12and reveal some dubious medical advice and we will also
0:01:12 > 0:01:14unearth some deadly secrets.
0:01:14 > 0:01:17But first, let's meet our teams.
0:01:17 > 0:01:20Captaining the team on my right, we have the broadcaster
0:01:20 > 0:01:25and chief curator at Historic Royal Palaces, Dr Lucy Worsley.
0:01:25 > 0:01:27APPLAUSE
0:01:27 > 0:01:29Lucy, would you like to do the honours
0:01:29 > 0:01:31and introduce your fellow historians?
0:01:31 > 0:01:34Thanks, Kirsty, I've got all the bases covered in my excellent
0:01:34 > 0:01:35team tonight.
0:01:35 > 0:01:39To my right, I've got Professor Kate Williams and, to my left,
0:01:39 > 0:01:43Greg Jenner, who is the head nerd at Horrible Histories.
0:01:43 > 0:01:45LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE
0:01:47 > 0:01:50And captain of the opposing team tonight is the historian
0:01:50 > 0:01:52and broadcaster Dan Snow.
0:01:52 > 0:01:54Dan, please do the honours.
0:01:54 > 0:01:57Right, well, I'm going to be fine cos I've got two doctors of history.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00To my right, I've got Dr Anna Whitelock
0:02:00 > 0:02:02who specialises in high politics
0:02:02 > 0:02:06and then Jonathan Foyle on my left who specialises in tall buildings.
0:02:06 > 0:02:08APPLAUSE
0:02:11 > 0:02:15But before we begin, let me introduce you to the Tudor timeline.
0:02:15 > 0:02:18It begins with the fall of Richard III
0:02:18 > 0:02:21at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485
0:02:21 > 0:02:25and it ends with the death of Elizabeth in 1603.
0:02:25 > 0:02:29By the time we are done, the timeline will be furnished with
0:02:29 > 0:02:34all the characters and events that made this such a colourful period.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37So let's remind ourselves of the monarchs' places on the timeline.
0:02:37 > 0:02:40It all began with Henry VII,
0:02:40 > 0:02:43who came to the throne in 1485.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46Henry VIII in 1509.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49Then we have his son Edward VI in 1547.
0:02:49 > 0:02:53Then his daughter Mary I in 1553
0:02:53 > 0:02:58and, finally, Elizabeth I in 1558 whose reign closed the Tudor period
0:02:58 > 0:02:59in 1603.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03But now on with the quiz - Round 1.
0:03:03 > 0:03:05And let's meet the cast.
0:03:06 > 0:03:08DRUMS BEAT
0:03:11 > 0:03:12APPLAUSE
0:03:15 > 0:03:17So in this round, we're going to enter
0:03:17 > 0:03:20a gallery of movers and shakers from the Tudor courts.
0:03:20 > 0:03:25Teams, I'm going to show you four portraits, each will be accompanied
0:03:25 > 0:03:29by a biographical statement with some crucial information missing.
0:03:30 > 0:03:34All you have to do is identify who the portrait depicts - you get
0:03:34 > 0:03:38two points for that - and fill in the blank of that statement for another.
0:03:38 > 0:03:42So, Lucy, your team are up first, please walk into our Tudor gallery.
0:03:43 > 0:03:45APPLAUSE
0:03:48 > 0:03:53So, Lucy's team is starting with the top left portrait.
0:03:53 > 0:03:56Can you tell me, then, who that is?
0:03:56 > 0:03:59It's Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex.
0:03:59 > 0:04:02Of course, the man who managed to get Henry married to Anne.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05So, you are quite right, of course, it is Thomas Cromwell.
0:04:05 > 0:04:08And the question that goes then with this portrait is -
0:04:17 > 0:04:19Catherine Howard.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22Oh, you didn't hesitate at all. For another point, absolutely.
0:04:22 > 0:04:24Tell us a little bit then,
0:04:24 > 0:04:27Kate, about what it was that happened to Catherine Howard.
0:04:27 > 0:04:30Thomas Cromwell fell from favour because he tried to get Henry
0:04:30 > 0:04:33married to Anne of Cleves and Anne of Cleves was not to Henry's liking.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35Instead, he preferred her lady-in-waiting,
0:04:35 > 0:04:37the beautiful, young Catherine Howard
0:04:37 > 0:04:41but unfortunately she was discovered as having committed, he said,
0:04:41 > 0:04:44adultery, with his favourite courtier, Thomas Culpeper.
0:04:44 > 0:04:47And that was the beginning of her downfall, so she was executed.
0:04:47 > 0:04:51Let's move on then to your second portrait, just move one along
0:04:51 > 0:04:54on that top row and tell me who we are looking at now.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56I think we are looking at Thomas Cranmer.
0:04:56 > 0:04:58The marvellous architect of the Reformation.
0:04:58 > 0:05:01And curiously, he was Catherine Parr's uncle so you realise
0:05:01 > 0:05:04how incestuous it was at the court, that he was this great architect
0:05:04 > 0:05:07of the Reformation and then the uncle of Henry VIII's last wife.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11So Thomas Cranmer was Archbishop of Canterbury.
0:05:16 > 0:05:18Oh, that would be, erm,
0:05:18 > 0:05:19- Anne Boleyn.- Anne Boleyn.
0:05:19 > 0:05:22Indeed, it was Anne Boleyn and why might he have been so upset?
0:05:22 > 0:05:25He was the family chaplain to the Boleyn family, I think,
0:05:25 > 0:05:28and they brought him in to the court so he had more or less
0:05:28 > 0:05:33climbed on their coat-tails and so her death was quite sad,
0:05:33 > 0:05:35- I think, for him.- A bad day. - Bad day, yeah, definitely.
0:05:35 > 0:05:38You don't get a point for that, I was just interested.
0:05:38 > 0:05:39LAUGHTER
0:05:39 > 0:05:41We'll move on now to your third portrait.
0:05:41 > 0:05:44Are we, team, looking at Sir Francis Walsingham?
0:05:44 > 0:05:46- So, he was the spy master to Elizabeth.- He looks like a good
0:05:46 > 0:05:48spy master to me, you know, MI6 have nothing on him.
0:05:48 > 0:05:51It's the fact he's almost completely in shadow.
0:05:51 > 0:05:52- LUCY LAUGHS - Yes!
0:05:52 > 0:05:55You're quite right, it is Francis Walsingham.
0:05:55 > 0:05:58Walsingham was Elizabeth's spy master.
0:06:02 > 0:06:04- A Catholic? - LAUGHTER
0:06:04 > 0:06:07He did not say that. He said...
0:06:07 > 0:06:09there is nothing more dangerous than security.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14- Let's go on, then, to your fourth portrait.- Yeah, Wolsey.
0:06:14 > 0:06:17- Cardinal Wolsey. - Absolutely.- Looking strong.
0:06:24 > 0:06:26The words that are often used about him are like
0:06:26 > 0:06:30- a spider in a web of power. - A familiar, a god?
0:06:30 > 0:06:34- Ipse rex - the King himself. - Oh, the king himself.- Wow.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37OK, that is the end of your round, thank you very much.
0:06:37 > 0:06:39APPLAUSE
0:06:44 > 0:06:46I can feel a little bit of nerves from Dan's team now,
0:06:46 > 0:06:47cos they did so well.
0:06:47 > 0:06:50Dan, if you and your team would enter the gallery.
0:06:50 > 0:06:52APPLAUSE
0:06:56 > 0:06:59Right, Dan's team then, starting with the top left portrait,
0:06:59 > 0:07:02can you tell me who we are looking at?
0:07:02 > 0:07:06Well, it is either the early Tudor all-star champion swimmer...
0:07:06 > 0:07:09Or Henry FitzRoy.
0:07:09 > 0:07:10- Could be.- Is that Henry FitzRoy?
0:07:10 > 0:07:14Henry FitzRoy, Duke of Richmond, bastard son of Henry VIII, I think.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17And he's got one of the most flamboyant tombs of Tudor England
0:07:17 > 0:07:19in Framlingham church in Suffolk.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22You are quite right, absolutely, Henry FitzRoy.
0:07:30 > 0:07:33- Oh, Catherine of Aragon.- Catherine of Aragon.- Oh, yes.
0:07:33 > 0:07:35Catherine of Aragon. LAUGHTER
0:07:35 > 0:07:37OK, let's go on to your second portrait.
0:07:37 > 0:07:38Who are we looking at here?
0:07:38 > 0:07:41I'm feeling good about this one, I think it is a young,
0:07:41 > 0:07:44fairly handsome Philip of Spain.
0:07:44 > 0:07:47Well, I don't know what your category for handsome is,
0:07:47 > 0:07:50but you're certainly right on that - Philip II of Spain, you're right.
0:07:50 > 0:07:52As an old man, he really started to fall apart.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55You're quite right, Dan, Philip II of Spain.
0:08:01 > 0:08:05Ah, he proposed to his former sister-in-law Elizabeth I,
0:08:05 > 0:08:07needing to maintain the alliance with England.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09It wasn't a love match, this one?
0:08:09 > 0:08:12No, he didn't want to make the proposal
0:08:12 > 0:08:14and it was suggested that it would be a good idea to him
0:08:14 > 0:08:16and he kind of crossed his fingers and hoped she'd say no
0:08:16 > 0:08:19- and in fact she did say no...- Right. - ..but England was such
0:08:19 > 0:08:23a prize at the time, that he was prepared to consider it
0:08:23 > 0:08:26to maintain that all-important Anglo-Spanish alliance.
0:08:26 > 0:08:29Let's go on to your third portrait then, who's this?
0:08:29 > 0:08:30That is tricky.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32- Thomas Seymour.- I think it is Seymour.
0:08:32 > 0:08:34And I think you're absolutely spot on with that.
0:08:43 > 0:08:45The King was Edward VI.
0:08:45 > 0:08:48- Erm...- Oh, it's, his, erm, his brother.- He would have called...
0:08:48 > 0:08:50- Yeah, Edward Seymour.- You got there, Anna.
0:08:50 > 0:08:53- His brother was the Lord Protector, Edward Seymour.- Yeah.
0:08:53 > 0:08:56And what was it that Thomas had been arrested for?
0:08:56 > 0:08:57Just give me a little bit of context.
0:08:57 > 0:09:00- Did he shoot the King's dog? - LAUGHTER
0:09:00 > 0:09:02- Well, I don't think that is what he was arrested for.- I know,
0:09:02 > 0:09:04but I think he shot his puppy.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08Well, he was attempting to break into King Edward VI's apartments
0:09:08 > 0:09:11and you're right, he shot his spaniel in all the confusion.
0:09:11 > 0:09:15And he of course is the infamous character who apparently had
0:09:15 > 0:09:19romps with the young Princess Elizabeth when she was 13, 14
0:09:19 > 0:09:23- so he was a character of dubious moral virtue, I think.- He looks it.
0:09:23 > 0:09:24Let's go on to your fourth then.
0:09:26 > 0:09:29I like this lady a lot, she is Elizabeth of York...
0:09:29 > 0:09:32- Absolutely. - ..which is where it all began.
0:09:32 > 0:09:34- Her and Henry VII. - She spawned the Tudors.
0:09:34 > 0:09:36They got it on and here we are today.
0:09:36 > 0:09:38LAUGHTER
0:09:38 > 0:09:40I think Henry VII gets too much credit for it.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42I mean, she gave birth to the whole dynasty really.
0:09:42 > 0:09:45OK, let me give you a follow-up question for a point.
0:09:52 > 0:09:55- Bed? - LAUGHTER
0:09:55 > 0:09:58I'm going to need something more than that for the point!
0:09:58 > 0:10:01Would it be Nonsuch Palace or would it be Greenwich?
0:10:01 > 0:10:03Nonsuch didn't happen yet.
0:10:03 > 0:10:06It's Richmond, it's Westminster or Greenwich,
0:10:06 > 0:10:09are the main three palaces.
0:10:09 > 0:10:11Which are we going to go for?
0:10:11 > 0:10:13- If we know, can we say? - I'd go Greenwich.
0:10:13 > 0:10:15Greenwich.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17Well, you're wrong, you won't get a point but...
0:10:17 > 0:10:19It's the Tower of London.
0:10:19 > 0:10:20It is the Tower of London.
0:10:20 > 0:10:23You did very well, Dan's team, do take your seats.
0:10:23 > 0:10:25APPLAUSE
0:10:28 > 0:10:32Thank you to both of our teams and after that round of revelations,
0:10:32 > 0:10:37Lucy's team has 10 and Dan's team has 11 points.
0:10:37 > 0:10:39APPLAUSE
0:10:43 > 0:10:46So now it is on to the Artefacts Round.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49DRUMS BEAT
0:10:51 > 0:10:53APPLAUSE
0:10:57 > 0:11:00Henry VIII's ill-fated warship the Mary Rose
0:11:00 > 0:11:04sank off the coast of Portsmouth in 1545.
0:11:04 > 0:11:09Its contents and crew remained on the seabed for over 400 years
0:11:09 > 0:11:12before it was raised in 1982.
0:11:12 > 0:11:15On loan from the Mary Rose Museum, under the watchful eye
0:11:15 > 0:11:18of the collection specialist Simon Weir,
0:11:18 > 0:11:22are several items that were salvaged from this unique Tudor time capsule.
0:11:22 > 0:11:26Teams, I'm going to ask you to identify the artefacts' original use,
0:11:26 > 0:11:28that's going to give you one point,
0:11:28 > 0:11:32and then I'm going to ask you a follow-up question for another point.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35So, Lucy's team, your treasures are there,
0:11:35 > 0:11:37let's go and take a look at them, from the Mary Rose.
0:11:37 > 0:11:39APPLAUSE
0:11:45 > 0:11:49So, Kate, you are up first and because they're so precious,
0:11:49 > 0:11:51I'm going to ask Simon please to come in
0:11:51 > 0:11:53and just help you take a closer look.
0:11:53 > 0:11:56Oh, yes, would you turn it for me, Simon? Thank you.
0:11:56 > 0:11:58So, Kate, what do you think you are looking at here?
0:11:58 > 0:12:03Well, it looks a bit like it's some sort of Tudor toasting fork maybe,
0:12:03 > 0:12:06that you could put your sandwich in there and it looks a bit
0:12:06 > 0:12:08like it is styled in the sense of a dragon or a snake
0:12:08 > 0:12:12because you've got two little indentations here that look like
0:12:12 > 0:12:15little eyes and, obviously, we know that the Mary Rose... You know,
0:12:15 > 0:12:1819,000 objects, a lot of those retrieved were weaponry
0:12:18 > 0:12:21because it was a warship but at the same time it was a home
0:12:21 > 0:12:26and a community and a workplace, so I think maybe,
0:12:26 > 0:12:28cross my fingers for toasting fork, something to do with cooking.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31Right. I'm going to ask your team-mates to come in and see
0:12:31 > 0:12:34- if they can help you out, because it is not a toasting fork.- Oh, no.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37- Charming as that idea is.- Help me, team-mates, help me!- Anybody?
0:12:37 > 0:12:40I think I know what this is, I think it's called a linstock.
0:12:40 > 0:12:44I think you put the match in it and you use that to light the cannon,
0:12:44 > 0:12:46if I remember rightly.
0:12:46 > 0:12:48Greg, you're spot on, it is called a linstock.
0:12:48 > 0:12:50APPLAUSE
0:12:50 > 0:12:52It is so beautifully carved.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55It is beautifully carved, you can see how ornate it is there,
0:12:55 > 0:12:57and as you say, it is like a dragon's head.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00Kate, on this follow-up question, you can confer.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03Running a Navy the size of the English fleet
0:13:03 > 0:13:05was, as you can imagine, a very expensive business.
0:13:05 > 0:13:13In 1567, what means was established to help generate additional funds?
0:13:13 > 0:13:15There is a Tudor lottery, there is a national lottery.
0:13:15 > 0:13:18A national lottery. There was also a devaluation of the coinage.
0:13:18 > 0:13:22I'm going to pop in and tell you that he's got that right.
0:13:22 > 0:13:24LAUGHTER
0:13:24 > 0:13:25Greg has got the point.
0:13:25 > 0:13:27There were 400,000 tickets available
0:13:27 > 0:13:31and I'm told that ticket holders were also promised freedom from
0:13:31 > 0:13:33arrest from all crimes,
0:13:33 > 0:13:36other than murder, felonies, piracy or treason.
0:13:36 > 0:13:39- But the immunity only lasted a week. - Those are the good crimes!
0:13:39 > 0:13:40LAUGHTER
0:13:42 > 0:13:44But what a week! What an amazing week!
0:13:44 > 0:13:47Lucy, by contrast, you've got something very small and delicate.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50I'm going to ask Simon to come round to lift it up
0:13:50 > 0:13:52so you can have a closer look at it.
0:13:52 > 0:13:53And once you have had a good look,
0:13:53 > 0:13:56tell us what you think you are looking at from the Mary Rose.
0:13:56 > 0:14:00I think it is a little bobbin for making lace or something like that.
0:14:00 > 0:14:04So you would attach... You'd use it to weight down thread,
0:14:04 > 0:14:05is that correct?
0:14:05 > 0:14:06That is a very charming thought
0:14:06 > 0:14:09and it couldn't be further from the truth.
0:14:09 > 0:14:12I've not been looking at the little spoon, it is a little salt spoon.
0:14:12 > 0:14:14Simon, in fact, you tell us what it is and what it was used for.
0:14:14 > 0:14:16- This is an ear scoop.- Yes.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19You spotted the little scoop on the end there,
0:14:19 > 0:14:21so that would just lift out the ear wax.
0:14:21 > 0:14:23- Fantastic.- Excessive ear wax solution?- Yeah.
0:14:23 > 0:14:26So it's an ear scoop for scooping out the wax
0:14:26 > 0:14:32and then that wax would delightfully be used for what particular purpose?
0:14:32 > 0:14:35- They could use it on...- Greasing the cannon?- ..greasing bow strings.
0:14:35 > 0:14:38Yes, the archers used it for the...
0:14:38 > 0:14:41So archers could use it. Or for threads, this sort of thing.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43I've just remembered that Henry VIII gave Anne Boleyn
0:14:43 > 0:14:48a golden ear scoop as a present during their courtship
0:14:48 > 0:14:51and the message in that case was, Anne, I want to be in your ears.
0:14:51 > 0:14:53LAUGHTER
0:14:53 > 0:14:58So, just hold the thought of this earwax being used by the archers.
0:15:00 > 0:15:02The question I want to ask you,
0:15:02 > 0:15:07what was outlawed in the Act of 1541 as being detrimental to the proper
0:15:07 > 0:15:09and lawful pursuit of archery?
0:15:09 > 0:15:11Football.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13Actually football and everything else.
0:15:13 > 0:15:17Anything that was much fun at all. What do you know about that?
0:15:17 > 0:15:18This is the hypocrisy from Henry
0:15:18 > 0:15:21cos we know he owned the world's first pair of football boots.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23He loved football. He played football.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25And the reason that all these things were banned, all these games,
0:15:25 > 0:15:28and tennis and dice and quoits and everything was
0:15:28 > 0:15:30because they wanted people to concentrate on the archery.
0:15:30 > 0:15:32- And military service.- Yes.
0:15:32 > 0:15:36- And you were meant to do it until you were 60.- Between 17 and 60.
0:15:36 > 0:15:3917 and 60 you were meant to be fit enough to be able to fight in the
0:15:39 > 0:15:41Navy or the Army if need be.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43So, Simon I'm going to ask you to come round now
0:15:43 > 0:15:47and let's take a look at Greg's artefact from the Mary Rose.
0:15:47 > 0:15:50Let's take a closer look at this and, Greg, can you identify this?
0:15:50 > 0:15:53- What are we looking at? - It's got to be a syringe.
0:15:53 > 0:15:55It's got to be medical, hasn't it? It's got to be a syringe.
0:15:55 > 0:15:58Sailors had a fairly dodgy reputation for
0:15:58 > 0:16:01when they got into port and they found the ladies
0:16:01 > 0:16:03and I think quite often they contracted illnesses
0:16:03 > 0:16:06and those illnesses were downstairs illnesses and they needed a cure.
0:16:06 > 0:16:09And I think... This is a horrible thing to say.
0:16:09 > 0:16:11I think this is a urethra syringe,
0:16:11 > 0:16:15it basically pumps mercury up a gentleman's John Thomas.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17LAUGHTER
0:16:17 > 0:16:19So delicately put. You are so right.
0:16:19 > 0:16:23It is a urethral syringe. And this treatment with mercury,
0:16:23 > 0:16:27do you have any idea what phrase it gave birth to in the language?
0:16:27 > 0:16:30You spend an evening...
0:16:30 > 0:16:32- "Five minutes with Venus..."- That's it.
0:16:32 > 0:16:34- BOTH:- "..and a lifetime with mercury."
0:16:34 > 0:16:36- That's right. That's what it was.- Yeah.
0:16:36 > 0:16:40So syphilis was called the Italian disease in France.
0:16:40 > 0:16:42It was called the Polish disease in Russia.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45It was called the Spanish disease in the Netherlands,
0:16:45 > 0:16:48the Christian disease in Turkey, and the British disease in Tahiti.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51- What was it known as in England? - The French disease.
0:16:51 > 0:16:55- Of course it was.- Especially on the Mary Rose, the enemy.
0:16:55 > 0:16:56- The French disease.- Yes.
0:16:56 > 0:16:59And the French thought that the English disease was flagellation.
0:16:59 > 0:17:01LAUGHTER
0:17:01 > 0:17:03You don't get a point for that but I am fascinated.
0:17:03 > 0:17:05I must ask you more about that later.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08- OK, thank you very much, Lucy's team. You can have a seat.- Thank you.
0:17:08 > 0:17:10APPLAUSE
0:17:12 > 0:17:14Dan's team, if you can come up now.
0:17:14 > 0:17:17APPLAUSE
0:17:20 > 0:17:22So, Anna, we go to you first.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24And as you know you can look but you can't touch.
0:17:24 > 0:17:28I'm going to ask Simon to come in again and just lift up
0:17:28 > 0:17:32- Anna's artefact and let her have a closer look. Any ideas, Anna?- No.
0:17:32 > 0:17:39- Not immediately. OK, so it's wooden...- Yeah, it's made from wood.
0:17:39 > 0:17:41- ..with different sections in... - Markings, yeah.
0:17:41 > 0:17:43..with some markings.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47Is it some kind of primitive kind of calendar...?
0:17:47 > 0:17:51Well, it is numbers related but not to do with calendars.
0:17:51 > 0:17:54OK, I'm going to open this up to your whole team.
0:17:54 > 0:17:56Dan, you're looking as if you might have a bit of a clue here.
0:17:56 > 0:17:57Is it a navigation aid?
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- You didn't have a clue.- I didn't...
0:18:00 > 0:18:03- LAUGHTER - He was just wondering.- I'm going to tell you what it is.
0:18:03 > 0:18:06It's called a tally stick and essentially it was a receipt system
0:18:06 > 0:18:10that was used and the notches recorded transactions.
0:18:10 > 0:18:11So it was used for administering rations.
0:18:11 > 0:18:15So there would be a stick on either side. Isn't that right, Simon?
0:18:15 > 0:18:18- Absolutely.- And it would be notched across. And if it matched up with the rations
0:18:18 > 0:18:19- that were given to you.- That's it.
0:18:19 > 0:18:22- How would I ever have got that? - Here's your follow-up question.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24I wonder how you're going to get this then.
0:18:24 > 0:18:29In 1596 Sir Hugh Plat persistently campaigned for the adoption
0:18:29 > 0:18:34of which new foodstuff to be included in naval rations?
0:18:34 > 0:18:37It's quite late so would it be some sort of potato thing
0:18:37 > 0:18:40- going on or would it be some citrus-y thing?- It could be...
0:18:40 > 0:18:42- It's even more sophisticated. - It's not sugar...
0:18:42 > 0:18:45OK, more sophisticated than potatoes(!)
0:18:45 > 0:18:48- JONATHAN:- Cocoa.- Wowee(!) - Chocolate.
0:18:48 > 0:18:52- That's my cooking maxing out... - South American by this time, chocolate.
0:18:52 > 0:18:54- It's carbohydrate-based. - OK, carbohydrate-based.
0:18:54 > 0:18:58- JONATHAN:- Pain au chocolat.- I think I'm going to have to tell you.
0:18:58 > 0:19:00I think you're going to have to tell us.
0:19:00 > 0:19:02- It was pasta. - Pasta.- Yeah.- Wow.
0:19:02 > 0:19:06This is the earliest published reference to pasta in English,
0:19:06 > 0:19:11it was in Plat's work of 1594 and his campaign was in fact successful in at
0:19:11 > 0:19:15least one case because records show Sir Francis Drake commissioned Plat
0:19:15 > 0:19:19to make a large quantity of pasta for at least one of his voyages.
0:19:19 > 0:19:22Right, let's move on then, Dan, to your artefact.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24Something a little bit more substantial.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27- Simon is going to lift it so that you can examine it well...- Thank you.
0:19:27 > 0:19:30..and tell us what you think this is and what it was used for.
0:19:30 > 0:19:33Well, I think it's a very light piece of artillery
0:19:33 > 0:19:36and you would put some... You would ram a charge home,
0:19:36 > 0:19:39you'd ram some gunpowder home, you'd put a projectile in,
0:19:39 > 0:19:41and then you'd put a little bit of gunpowder on there,
0:19:41 > 0:19:45and then you'd prick that so that the gunpowder goes through to the
0:19:45 > 0:19:49big charge, light it there and, bang, you can shoot at the French.
0:19:49 > 0:19:51And would you manage to have a name? You could confer.
0:19:51 > 0:19:55Tudor artillery, terrifying, because every single cannon had a completely different name.
0:19:55 > 0:19:57It's going to be something obvious like a handgun.
0:19:57 > 0:19:59You get the point. It's called hailshot
0:19:59 > 0:20:03- and it was cube-shaped shots. Is that right, Simon?- That's right.
0:20:03 > 0:20:04It would be used this way.
0:20:04 > 0:20:07This is the wooden stock which is the handle that fits in the end.
0:20:07 > 0:20:09They could rest this on the side of the deck
0:20:09 > 0:20:12and it would fire a couple of dozen iron dies.
0:20:12 > 0:20:15That's what's so amazing on the Mary Rose.
0:20:15 > 0:20:18You get cannon and gunpowder weapons,
0:20:18 > 0:20:20but you've also got loads of longbowmen.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24- So you've got those medieval and early modern worlds colliding. - Exactly.
0:20:24 > 0:20:25I'm going to give you a follow-up question
0:20:25 > 0:20:28cos we're thinking about artillery, we're thinking about firearms.
0:20:28 > 0:20:30What's the connection between firearms
0:20:30 > 0:20:34and James Stewart the half-brother of Mary, Queen of Scots?
0:20:34 > 0:20:36Well, didn't he blow himself up?
0:20:36 > 0:20:39He was a huge firearms enthusiast and he...
0:20:39 > 0:20:42- Is this the right James Stewart?- I think you're right. Go on.
0:20:42 > 0:20:45There's so many James Stewarts who ended badly but I think he was
0:20:45 > 0:20:49next to his favourite cannon and it blew up and killed him.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52Yeah. I only wish that that were the case cos it's a very good story.
0:20:52 > 0:20:54LAUGHTER
0:20:54 > 0:20:59In 1570, his was the first recorded assassination with a firearm.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01OK.
0:21:01 > 0:21:03It was up in Linlithgow this happened.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05Used to be quite a rough place, Linlithgow. Not any longer.
0:21:05 > 0:21:07You didn't get your points but well done for guessing.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10Let's move on then to Jonathan. And, Simon, if you come forward,
0:21:10 > 0:21:15lift this up for Jonathan and the rest of us to have a little look at.
0:21:15 > 0:21:17- JONATHAN:- If you could turn that around, Simon, thank you.
0:21:17 > 0:21:20- There we go.- So it's a beautifully made thing, isn't it? Very precise.
0:21:20 > 0:21:25And it has a little cut at this end which looks like a reed.
0:21:25 > 0:21:26But at the far end,
0:21:26 > 0:21:30it seems that it was supposed to be attached to something else.
0:21:30 > 0:21:35So I'm going to guess that's a reed for some kind of hornpipe.
0:21:35 > 0:21:37Well, I'll tell you what, Jonathan,
0:21:37 > 0:21:39you can use it as a hornpipe if you want but I certainly wouldn't.
0:21:39 > 0:21:41- ANNA:- I think I know what. Is it an enema pipe?
0:21:41 > 0:21:43- It is an enema pipe.- No!
0:21:43 > 0:21:45LAUGHTER
0:21:45 > 0:21:48And do you know, Anna, what it might have had attached to the end?
0:21:48 > 0:21:49That was well spotted by you.
0:21:49 > 0:21:53- And that sort of...- What kind of a tune can you get out of that?
0:21:53 > 0:21:56- ANNA:- No. I wouldn't... I don't really want to think...
0:21:56 > 0:21:59It was... Am I right, Simon, it was a pig's bladder?
0:21:59 > 0:22:02That's right. It would have had a pig's bladder fitted at this end
0:22:02 > 0:22:04where they would have put the liquid
0:22:04 > 0:22:08and then that would be inserted you know where. And, yes,
0:22:08 > 0:22:12for treating constipation or stomach problems or whatever.
0:22:12 > 0:22:15Everybody in the audience is sitting a little higher in their seats.
0:22:15 > 0:22:16LAUGHTER
0:22:16 > 0:22:19- ANNA:- What's crazy is like that actually was there.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22You just don't know where that's been, quite literally.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24Why do you think Simon is wearing gloves?
0:22:24 > 0:22:26- ANNA:- Exactly.
0:22:26 > 0:22:30So I want to ask you your follow-up question for an extra bonus point.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33Which product, introduced into England in Tudor times,
0:22:33 > 0:22:37was later administered via enemas?
0:22:37 > 0:22:39- Tobacco.- ANNA:- Tobacco, yeah. That's it.
0:22:39 > 0:22:43- Tobacco.- They thought tobacco could cure all kinds of things.
0:22:43 > 0:22:44You're absolutely right.
0:22:44 > 0:22:47Among them, do you know what they thought it could cure?
0:22:47 > 0:22:51- Cancer...- Yeah.- ..lockjaw... - Constipation.- Constipation. Everything.
0:22:51 > 0:22:53Heavy breathing.
0:22:53 > 0:22:54LAUGHTER
0:22:54 > 0:22:55Clears the airways.
0:22:55 > 0:22:57You get a point for that.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00- Tobacco enema.- Well done. - Dan's team, thank you very much.
0:23:02 > 0:23:03APPLAUSE
0:23:09 > 0:23:12So, Simon, I'm going to ask you now to please bring on our bonus artefact
0:23:12 > 0:23:15for both teams to have a look at.
0:23:15 > 0:23:18It's from Henry VIII's flagship, the Mary Rose.
0:23:18 > 0:23:21It is the magnificent ship's bell,
0:23:21 > 0:23:23which is the centrepiece of the collection
0:23:23 > 0:23:26and it would, normally, only be seen inside the case at the museum.
0:23:26 > 0:23:29So we are very fortunate to be seeing it here today.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33So, as I say, for an extra point, on your buzzers, teams.
0:23:33 > 0:23:38Can you tell me why this was the most significant find
0:23:38 > 0:23:40for Mary Rose archaeologists?
0:23:40 > 0:23:43BUZZER Dan's team. And it's Dan buzzing.
0:23:43 > 0:23:46Cos it was conclusive evidence that it was, in fact, the Mary Rose?
0:23:46 > 0:23:48You're absolutely right. So you get the point for that and...
0:23:48 > 0:23:52Tell me more about that. What was it particularly about this bell?
0:23:52 > 0:23:56Er, well, the bell had certain markings on it
0:23:56 > 0:23:58that meant that it could only be
0:23:58 > 0:23:59connected with the Mary Rose.
0:23:59 > 0:24:02LAUGHTER
0:24:02 > 0:24:05So it was engraved in Flemish
0:24:05 > 0:24:07and the engraving reads,
0:24:07 > 0:24:09"I was made in the year 1510."
0:24:09 > 0:24:13And there was only one other ship that was made in that same year.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15Might you know what that ship was?
0:24:15 > 0:24:17Was it called the Henry Grace a Dieu?
0:24:17 > 0:24:19Was it the Phoenix Pomegranate?
0:24:19 > 0:24:21- It was the Peter Pomegranate. - Peter Pomegranate!- Whoa!
0:24:21 > 0:24:25Yes, and so, purely by deduction
0:24:25 > 0:24:27and of looking at the bell, and knowing that the Pomegranate
0:24:27 > 0:24:30- hadn't sunk, because I think it sailed until 1558...- Yep.
0:24:30 > 0:24:33- ..they knew this must be the Mary Rose.- This must be the Mary Rose.
0:24:33 > 0:24:36So thank you very much indeed to Simon from the Mary Rose Museum.
0:24:36 > 0:24:39We do very much appreciate you bringing in these artefacts.
0:24:39 > 0:24:41APPLAUSE
0:24:49 > 0:24:51Well, after that round, I can reveal
0:24:51 > 0:24:53that Lucy's team has 15 points
0:24:53 > 0:24:56and Dan's team has 15 points, too.
0:24:56 > 0:24:58APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH
0:24:59 > 0:25:01LAUGHTER
0:25:03 > 0:25:06So it's on to our next round and that is going to be...
0:25:06 > 0:25:09all about medicine.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16APPLAUSE
0:25:17 > 0:25:21In this round, our historians will be tested on Tudor diseases
0:25:21 > 0:25:25and their remedies via a peculiar branch of folk medicine,
0:25:25 > 0:25:27known as the doctrine of signatures.
0:25:27 > 0:25:30The Tudors bought into the idea that
0:25:30 > 0:25:33if a plant resembled a part of the anatomy,
0:25:33 > 0:25:37then it could cure that body part if things went wrong.
0:25:37 > 0:25:39This notion dated back to the Ancient Greeks
0:25:39 > 0:25:41and it wasn't always as mad as it sounds.
0:25:41 > 0:25:44For instance, when it came to ginger,
0:25:44 > 0:25:46due to its resemblance to the stomach,
0:25:46 > 0:25:49it was thought to cure digestive complaints.
0:25:49 > 0:25:50Luckily for them, it did.
0:25:50 > 0:25:54However, shepherd's purse was thought to aid blood circulation
0:25:54 > 0:25:57and perhaps you can maybe even hazard a guess at what orchid bulbs
0:25:57 > 0:25:59were used to treat. LAUGHTER
0:26:01 > 0:26:04Lucy's team, you are going to be using the doctrine of signatures
0:26:04 > 0:26:08to answer questions on the medical history of Henry VIII.
0:26:08 > 0:26:12And you have, in front of you, some Tudor remedies.
0:26:12 > 0:26:15I want you to tell me which of Henry's many health problems
0:26:15 > 0:26:18these could have been used to treat, according to the doctrine.
0:26:18 > 0:26:20And, Lucy, I'm going to ask you, first of all,
0:26:20 > 0:26:22to look at the furthest away remedy.
0:26:22 > 0:26:23CLICKING
0:26:23 > 0:26:26And tell me a little bit about this.
0:26:26 > 0:26:29Which of Henry's ailments might it have been used to treat?
0:26:29 > 0:26:33Bearing in mind what body part it looks like.
0:26:33 > 0:26:34Well, I think these are walnuts.
0:26:34 > 0:26:36They are walnuts, yes.
0:26:36 > 0:26:40- So, considering Henry had malaria, leg ulcers.- Yep.
0:26:40 > 0:26:44- Gout?- And smallpox, gout.
0:26:44 > 0:26:47- Allegedly, syphilis, some say. - Allegedly, syphilis.
0:26:47 > 0:26:48- Is it a brain or is it the male member?- Oh!
0:26:48 > 0:26:50Well, he falls off his horse.
0:26:50 > 0:26:53- Yeah, so it looks a bit like a brain inside a cranium.- So he fell off
0:26:53 > 0:26:55- his horse, didn't he, in 1536? - And was in a coma for...
0:26:55 > 0:26:57- BOTH:- ..two hours.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00And, after that, people thought, perhaps he'd been unconscious
0:27:00 > 0:27:03for two hours and it had slightly changed the make-up of his brain.
0:27:03 > 0:27:05And he did suffer terrible headaches
0:27:05 > 0:27:08after his first jousting incident in 1524.
0:27:08 > 0:27:10So I think now people began to wonder, had his character changed?
0:27:10 > 0:27:13There were some historians who think that what happened to Henry
0:27:13 > 0:27:16during 1536 - the quick way he turned against Anne Boleyn -
0:27:16 > 0:27:19is due to the fact that he fell off his horse
0:27:19 > 0:27:21and his brain had some kind of injury.
0:27:21 > 0:27:24Yes, you're absolutely right. I mean, the walnut looks like a brain
0:27:24 > 0:27:25and this was used to treat these headaches
0:27:25 > 0:27:28- that Henry suffered from. - Fantastic.- Mm.- And, as you say,
0:27:28 > 0:27:30after the jousting incident.
0:27:30 > 0:27:32You've got your point for that, then, Lucy's team.
0:27:32 > 0:27:36I want to ask you your follow-up question. Again, for a point.
0:27:36 > 0:27:40Henry changed the laws on insanity in 1542,
0:27:40 > 0:27:42in order to facilitate the execution of which...?
0:27:42 > 0:27:44Jane Boleyn. So...
0:27:44 > 0:27:47He did so, because this was Jane Boleyn, who was the waiting woman
0:27:47 > 0:27:50of Catherine Howard and she was also the sister-in-law of Anne Boleyn.
0:27:50 > 0:27:53And there was damning evidence that she facilitated
0:27:53 > 0:27:55Catherine Howard's affairs.
0:27:55 > 0:27:58And Catherine Howard approached the block with great dignity,
0:27:58 > 0:28:01but Jane Boleyn, in the run-up to being executed,
0:28:01 > 0:28:04she went completely mad. She had a nervous breakdown.
0:28:04 > 0:28:08And so Henry had to change the law that made it possible to execute
0:28:08 > 0:28:11people who were mad, for the first time ever, and that's what he did.
0:28:11 > 0:28:13Kate, that was a wonderfully fulsome answer.
0:28:13 > 0:28:15I think it deserves a round of applause. Well done.
0:28:15 > 0:28:18APPLAUSE
0:28:18 > 0:28:21Now let's go on to your second question.
0:28:21 > 0:28:24And I see you already do have your gloves on, which is just as well,
0:28:24 > 0:28:27because this is... It is highly poisonous,
0:28:27 > 0:28:29- what we are about to ask you to look at here.- Oh, my goodness.
0:28:29 > 0:28:32Unsurprisingly, probably, for Tudor medicine.
0:28:32 > 0:28:34Just have a little examination of that and, again,
0:28:34 > 0:28:37bear in mind that it relates to the body part that it would be used
0:28:37 > 0:28:39to treat the problem of.
0:28:39 > 0:28:41Oh, he was constipated, wasn't he?
0:28:41 > 0:28:43And he's constipated, so these are
0:28:43 > 0:28:47small king droppings, aren't they?
0:28:47 > 0:28:48Somebody up there knows what it is.
0:28:48 > 0:28:50LAUGHTER
0:28:50 > 0:28:52It's called pileworts...
0:28:52 > 0:28:55- Oh, no!- Is it?- Oh! - ..or a celandine root, yes.
0:28:55 > 0:28:58- Ah, fantastic.- And it was to treat His Majesty's piles.
0:28:58 > 0:29:00Is that what piles look like?
0:29:00 > 0:29:02LAUGHTER
0:29:02 > 0:29:05- Don't play the innocent with me, Lucy Worsley.- I wouldn't know!
0:29:05 > 0:29:07What would the piles have been down to, Greg,
0:29:07 > 0:29:08in terms of his diet and so on?
0:29:08 > 0:29:12- Well, I mean, he eats an enormous amount of meat.- Yes.
0:29:12 > 0:29:14Something like 5,500 calories a day.
0:29:14 > 0:29:16Which is too many calories.
0:29:16 > 0:29:17- Don't do that. - LAUGHTER
0:29:17 > 0:29:20And really no fibre at all, because vegetables are seen
0:29:20 > 0:29:23as something for poor people and there is really no...
0:29:23 > 0:29:26Well, he eats vegetables, but he eats them cooked and boiled.
0:29:26 > 0:29:28- And not much fruit.- And you don't eat the fruit raw, because it's
0:29:28 > 0:29:31- thought to cause plague. - He's on the Atkins diet.
0:29:31 > 0:29:33- LAUGHTER - Yeah, exactly. It's all meat.
0:29:33 > 0:29:34And he also, of course, rides a horse a lot.
0:29:34 > 0:29:38In the Middle Ages, bum diseases were very common for knights.
0:29:38 > 0:29:40- LAUGHTER - A really, really common problem.
0:29:40 > 0:29:43In the Crusades in the 14th century, a lot of doctors were specialists
0:29:43 > 0:29:45in bottom surgery.
0:29:45 > 0:29:47I think we've probably worn the subject out now.
0:29:47 > 0:29:49I could do hours on this. It's fine. Bottoms are my thing.
0:29:49 > 0:29:52So let me just give you a follow-up question
0:29:52 > 0:29:54on the celandine roots, also known as pileworts.
0:29:54 > 0:29:58Which position at court, held by Sir William Compton, Sir Henry Norris
0:29:58 > 0:30:01and Sir Anthony Denny, during the reign of Henry VIII,
0:30:01 > 0:30:04would have given them an intimate knowledge
0:30:04 > 0:30:06of Henry's haemorrhoids?
0:30:06 > 0:30:08- That would be the groom of the stool.- Mm.
0:30:08 > 0:30:11The groom of the stool's job was to help his master
0:30:11 > 0:30:14use the royal chamber pot.
0:30:14 > 0:30:16And it was a very privileged position.
0:30:16 > 0:30:19You're quite right. You got your point. You wanted to come in, Greg?
0:30:19 > 0:30:21Also, he had a very important medical job
0:30:21 > 0:30:24in that he would be inspecting the king's droppings and also his urine,
0:30:24 > 0:30:28because Tudor medicine is based on Hippocratic medicine,
0:30:28 > 0:30:29which is Ancient Greek medicine.
0:30:29 > 0:30:33And urine, the colour of your urine, the consistency of your faeces
0:30:33 > 0:30:36would tell people immediately if the King was ill.
0:30:36 > 0:30:39And then, of course, they would be able to call in the doctors and say,
0:30:39 > 0:30:41the King is looking a little bit splatty today.
0:30:41 > 0:30:44LAUGHTER AND GROANING
0:30:44 > 0:30:46Lucy's team, that's quite enough. And thank you very much.
0:30:46 > 0:30:49LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE
0:30:51 > 0:30:54So, Dan's team, it is your turn.
0:30:54 > 0:30:57Dan, do get your gloves on and prepare for...
0:30:57 > 0:31:00- You pick that one up.- ..the doctrine of signatures.- It looks a bit scary.
0:31:00 > 0:31:03To answer questions on the medical history of Elizabeth I.
0:31:03 > 0:31:05Oh.
0:31:05 > 0:31:08So let's take a look, first of all, at the plant.
0:31:08 > 0:31:10- This one?- Oh.- Yeah.
0:31:10 > 0:31:12It's called henbane.
0:31:12 > 0:31:15Which of Elizabeth ailments might this cure have been used to treat?
0:31:15 > 0:31:18And, remember, you are looking to the plant itself
0:31:18 > 0:31:21to supply you with a clue
0:31:21 > 0:31:24and this is also poisonous, so I'm very glad you've got gloves on.
0:31:24 > 0:31:26- Oh.- Erm... Hm.
0:31:26 > 0:31:30- So she had poor eyesight, her teeth had all fallen out from sugar.- Yep.
0:31:30 > 0:31:34- Is it a tooth...?- Yes, you're quite right. It is. It's tooth decay.
0:31:34 > 0:31:36- Tooth decay. Really? - She loved sweet food.
0:31:36 > 0:31:38She was a real picker when it came to
0:31:38 > 0:31:41all the plates of food that would come in
0:31:41 > 0:31:43and she would turn her nose up at most of them,
0:31:43 > 0:31:44except the sweet things.
0:31:44 > 0:31:47And so she had black teeth and then teeth that fell out.
0:31:47 > 0:31:51And, on one occasion, she was in such pain, there was felt the need
0:31:51 > 0:31:53to pull out the tooth and she was so scared
0:31:53 > 0:31:57and she had this elderly bishop, who had to sort of stand in her place
0:31:57 > 0:31:59and show her that it didn't hurt
0:31:59 > 0:32:01when this tooth was pulled out.
0:32:01 > 0:32:04And he was like, "Course it doesn't hurt". And then she had it done
0:32:04 > 0:32:06and it was the only tooth she'd ever have pulled out.
0:32:06 > 0:32:08- Round of applause. That's the right answer.- Well done.
0:32:08 > 0:32:10APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH
0:32:13 > 0:32:16So your follow-up question, for another point on this is,
0:32:16 > 0:32:20in Tudor England, teeth would have been removed by a barber surgeon.
0:32:20 > 0:32:23Who were the barber surgeons and what qualifications did
0:32:23 > 0:32:24they need in order to operate?
0:32:24 > 0:32:28Well, I think the qualification they needed was they needed a big...
0:32:28 > 0:32:30- Mallet.- ..knife. A mallet. - LAUGHTER
0:32:30 > 0:32:32They had to own the kit.
0:32:32 > 0:32:35Yeah, they were dentist-cum-surgeon-cum-barber.
0:32:35 > 0:32:38Quite literally barber surgeons. So they would do everything
0:32:38 > 0:32:41and they were less qualified than doctors were,
0:32:41 > 0:32:43but more qualified, as such,
0:32:43 > 0:32:46than those apothecaries who would make up medicines.
0:32:46 > 0:32:49- You're quite...- At least they were quite practical.- They were.
0:32:49 > 0:32:51They could actually get a limb off.
0:32:51 > 0:32:53They would amputate, pull your teeth out.
0:32:53 > 0:32:56You're quite right. There was no qualification needed at all and,
0:32:56 > 0:32:59to this day, the reason we call surgeons Mr or Miss,
0:32:59 > 0:33:02rather than Doctor, dates back to Tudor times.
0:33:02 > 0:33:05And the red pole, with the white bandage that we still have today?
0:33:05 > 0:33:07- Yeah. Outside the barber's shops. - Strikes fear into you.
0:33:07 > 0:33:10Let's move on then to your next so-called cure.
0:33:10 > 0:33:11You will know, of course,
0:33:11 > 0:33:13that this is a pomegranate, not poisonous at all.
0:33:13 > 0:33:16So the question that goes with this cure is
0:33:16 > 0:33:19which disease, contracted by Elizabeth in 1562,
0:33:19 > 0:33:22would pomegranate juice have been used to treat?
0:33:22 > 0:33:24Interesting, isn't it? Cos the pomegranate, traditionally,
0:33:24 > 0:33:29had been a symbol of fertility, because the seeds talk about...
0:33:29 > 0:33:30you know, children.
0:33:30 > 0:33:33- You see this with Catherine of Aragon.- It was her personal symbol,
0:33:33 > 0:33:36- wasn't it? Catherine of Aragon's? - Yeah, it was. But...
0:33:36 > 0:33:38- She gets a bout of smallpox early on, doesn't she?- It was 1562,
0:33:38 > 0:33:42- October, she was ill with smallpox. - Hm.- So, if it's smallpox...?
0:33:42 > 0:33:46- But Kirsty's not giving it away. - She was confined at Hampton Court.
0:33:46 > 0:33:48No, I absolutely will say that smallpox is right.
0:33:48 > 0:33:50You've got your point,
0:33:50 > 0:33:52but can you put it in some sort of historical context?
0:33:52 > 0:33:55It was a really scary moment. This is just four years into her reign
0:33:55 > 0:33:58and, of course, she's not married and she doesn't have an heir.
0:33:58 > 0:34:02And, for a time, it really does look as though she's going to die.
0:34:02 > 0:34:04It's actually a long-standing problem,
0:34:04 > 0:34:06because if you look back to her father, Henry VIII,
0:34:06 > 0:34:09he spent his youth at Eltham Palace on the outskirts of London
0:34:09 > 0:34:13when sweating sickness and other ailments came in as plagues
0:34:13 > 0:34:14into the city.
0:34:14 > 0:34:17So her sister, Mary, had a nursery palace
0:34:17 > 0:34:19two days' ride away near Chelmsford.
0:34:19 > 0:34:23So they kept the children at a safe distance from these urban plagues.
0:34:23 > 0:34:25And, tell me, in terms of Elizabeth herself,
0:34:25 > 0:34:28how could these visible smallpox scars
0:34:28 > 0:34:32- have damaged her image as the Virgin Queen?- Ah.
0:34:32 > 0:34:34And this is for a point, this question.
0:34:34 > 0:34:37- They looked a lot like syphilis sores.- That's it.
0:34:37 > 0:34:40- They looked like the Great Pox scars. They were similar.- Yeah.
0:34:40 > 0:34:42And also this whole idea of this perfect complexion.
0:34:42 > 0:34:46The idea that the queen has to sort of represent purity
0:34:46 > 0:34:49and this sort of...as a sign of strength.
0:34:49 > 0:34:51And she covered herself in make-up.
0:34:51 > 0:34:53Yes, and she kept a very tight rein on her image.
0:34:53 > 0:34:56There is one particularly interesting portrait
0:34:56 > 0:34:59that seems to have slipped through the net.
0:34:59 > 0:35:01I believe we can see the image here.
0:35:01 > 0:35:04Well, the interesting thing about Elizabeth is, because, of course,
0:35:04 > 0:35:07she is unmarried, remains unmarried, and doesn't have an heir,
0:35:07 > 0:35:10the future is really, really precarious and uncertain.
0:35:10 > 0:35:12No one knows who's going to succeed her.
0:35:12 > 0:35:15And you get to a point during her reign where, really,
0:35:15 > 0:35:18they had to maintain the fiction that she's young,
0:35:18 > 0:35:20to try and reassure everyone that she'll never get old,
0:35:20 > 0:35:23because there's no one waiting in the wings.
0:35:23 > 0:35:25And so she controls her image and, in fact,
0:35:25 > 0:35:28there's a sort of carefully controlled face pattern
0:35:28 > 0:35:32that's inserted into portraits towards the end of her reign,
0:35:32 > 0:35:35so that, basically, her face doesn't show that it's ageing.
0:35:35 > 0:35:38And this one is, apparently, a portrait
0:35:38 > 0:35:41that slipped through the net and does show a rather ageing Elizabeth.
0:35:41 > 0:35:43Dan's team, fascinating stuff. Thank you very much.
0:35:43 > 0:35:46APPLAUSE
0:35:49 > 0:35:50So, after that round,
0:35:50 > 0:35:52Lucy's team have 18 points
0:35:52 > 0:35:55and Dan's team have got 19 points.
0:35:55 > 0:35:56APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH
0:36:00 > 0:36:02Moving on now to our next round,
0:36:02 > 0:36:05which takes on the subject of entertainment.
0:36:05 > 0:36:08In the Tudor period, music had an important role in public life.
0:36:08 > 0:36:12News was spread chiefly via songs, so nothing like today.
0:36:12 > 0:36:15The peddlers of this news were often unsavoury characters,
0:36:15 > 0:36:17criminals and downright liars.
0:36:17 > 0:36:19Again, nothing like today. LAUGHTER
0:36:19 > 0:36:21You're about to hear two Tudor ballads,
0:36:21 > 0:36:23performed live here in the studio.
0:36:23 > 0:36:26Listen carefully, teams, to the lyrics,
0:36:26 > 0:36:28as I am going to be quizzing you on them later.
0:36:28 > 0:36:31Now please do welcome to the stage,
0:36:31 > 0:36:33to perform the first ballad,
0:36:33 > 0:36:34Zico Shaker and Jill Kemp.
0:36:34 > 0:36:37APPLAUSE
0:36:41 > 0:36:44MUSIC: The Death of Queen Jane
0:36:44 > 0:36:47# Queen Jane was in labour
0:36:47 > 0:36:49# Full six weeks and more
0:36:49 > 0:36:52# And the women were weary
0:36:52 > 0:36:55# And fain would give o'er
0:36:55 > 0:36:57# O' women, O' women
0:36:57 > 0:37:00# As women ye be
0:37:00 > 0:37:03# Rip open my two sides
0:37:03 > 0:37:06# And save my baby
0:37:06 > 0:37:08# King Henry came to her
0:37:08 > 0:37:11# And sate at her bed
0:37:11 > 0:37:14# What ails my fair lady
0:37:14 > 0:37:16# Her eyes look so red?
0:37:16 > 0:37:19# She wept and she wail'd
0:37:19 > 0:37:22# Till she fell in a swoond,
0:37:22 > 0:37:24# They open'd her two sides
0:37:24 > 0:37:27# And the baby was found
0:37:27 > 0:37:30# The baby was christened
0:37:30 > 0:37:32# With joy and much mirth
0:37:32 > 0:37:35# Whilst poor Queen Jane's body
0:37:35 > 0:37:40# Lay cold under earth. #
0:37:40 > 0:37:42APPLAUSE
0:37:48 > 0:37:51That was exquisite. Zico and Jill, thank you very much indeed.
0:37:51 > 0:37:54Teams, I do hope that you were listening closely.
0:37:54 > 0:37:56This is a buzzer round.
0:37:56 > 0:37:59So tell me what the subject was...
0:37:59 > 0:38:01BUZZER ..of that ballad. Jonathan?
0:38:01 > 0:38:04It's Jane Seymour's birth of the future Edward VI.
0:38:04 > 0:38:06Yes. That is absolutely correct.
0:38:06 > 0:38:09And performed during that birth was...?
0:38:09 > 0:38:10A Caesarean section.
0:38:10 > 0:38:13Well, no, the ballad
0:38:13 > 0:38:16is actually anti-Henrician propaganda,
0:38:16 > 0:38:18because there wasn't a Caesarean section performed.
0:38:18 > 0:38:22We're coming to that. LAUGHTER
0:38:22 > 0:38:24No, but you're quite right and we will come onto that.
0:38:24 > 0:38:27- OK.- But the answer to the question about what the ballad was
0:38:27 > 0:38:28- is absolutely correct.- OK.
0:38:28 > 0:38:30And you, Dan's team and Jonathan, will get the point.
0:38:30 > 0:38:32Thank you very much. We'll take that point.
0:38:32 > 0:38:36It was thought to be Catholic propaganda, because...?
0:38:36 > 0:38:40Because Henry had sacrificed the wife for the heir.
0:38:40 > 0:38:42Because she died so quickly after the birth.
0:38:42 > 0:38:44And the rumour mill suggested that,
0:38:44 > 0:38:47when Henry was asked if he should save Jane or the baby,
0:38:47 > 0:38:48the rumourmonger said he said,
0:38:48 > 0:38:53"The child, by all means, for other wives could easily be found."
0:38:53 > 0:38:54Exactly. Yeah, yeah, yeah.
0:38:54 > 0:38:56Don't marry Henry, he will kill you.
0:38:56 > 0:38:58Exactly.
0:38:58 > 0:39:01For all that extra information, I'm going to give you a bonus point.
0:39:01 > 0:39:03- Yes!- Because you did fill in some of the blanks.
0:39:03 > 0:39:05- LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE - Whoo!
0:39:05 > 0:39:07Let's then go to a follow-up question
0:39:07 > 0:39:10and I'm going to give this to Dan's team,
0:39:10 > 0:39:12because you did get the right answer.
0:39:12 > 0:39:15- We did.- So you have a go at the follow-up question.
0:39:15 > 0:39:18Jane Seymour wasn't the only wife of Henry VIII's to die
0:39:18 > 0:39:20following complications in childbirth.
0:39:20 > 0:39:22Can you tell me who the other was?
0:39:22 > 0:39:24She didn't die.
0:39:24 > 0:39:26I'm not going to give you much time.
0:39:26 > 0:39:27Hang on. Wait a second.
0:39:27 > 0:39:29I don't have to wait a second, you know?
0:39:29 > 0:39:30Oh, that's true. You don't.
0:39:30 > 0:39:32- Died...?- Oh, it must be Catherine Parr.
0:39:32 > 0:39:34- Oh!- You just...you squeaked it in there.- Of course.
0:39:34 > 0:39:37- After Henry's death.- That's a good trick question there.
0:39:37 > 0:39:39It wasn't during Henry's reign. That's what we were thinking.
0:39:39 > 0:39:41She went on and married someone else after Henry.
0:39:41 > 0:39:43- She married her...- Thomas Seymour. - Exactly.
0:39:43 > 0:39:45She married Thomas Seymour, who we had earlier.
0:39:45 > 0:39:48You have got the point. APPLAUSE
0:39:50 > 0:39:52Now, please welcome back Zico and Jill
0:39:52 > 0:39:54to perform our second ballad.
0:39:54 > 0:39:55APPLAUSE
0:40:00 > 0:40:03SHE PLAYS
0:40:06 > 0:40:08# Who keeps Saint Angell gates?
0:40:08 > 0:40:10# Where lieth our Holy Father say?
0:40:10 > 0:40:12# I muse that no man waits
0:40:12 > 0:40:15# Nor comes to meet me on the way
0:40:15 > 0:40:18# Sir Pope, I say, if you be near
0:40:18 > 0:40:20# Bow down to me your listening ear
0:40:20 > 0:40:22# Come forth, bestir you then apace
0:40:22 > 0:40:25# For I have news to tell Your Grace
0:40:25 > 0:40:27# Stay not, come on
0:40:27 > 0:40:29# That I from here were shortly gone
0:40:29 > 0:40:31# Hark well, hear me
0:40:31 > 0:40:34# What tidings I have brought to thee
0:40:34 > 0:40:37# The Bull so lately sent
0:40:37 > 0:40:39# To England by your holy grace
0:40:39 > 0:40:41# John Felton may repent
0:40:41 > 0:40:44# For setting of the same in place
0:40:44 > 0:40:46# For he upon a goodly zeal
0:40:46 > 0:40:48# He bare unto your common weal
0:40:48 > 0:40:51# Has ventured life to pleasure you
0:40:51 > 0:40:53# And now is hanged, I tell you true
0:40:53 > 0:40:55# Wherefore, sir Pope
0:40:55 > 0:40:57# In England have you lost your hope
0:40:57 > 0:40:59# Curse on, spare not
0:40:59 > 0:41:02# Your knights are like to turn to pot. #
0:41:02 > 0:41:04APPLAUSE
0:41:09 > 0:41:11Stepping back in time, listening to that.
0:41:11 > 0:41:13Zico and Jill, thank you very much indeed.
0:41:13 > 0:41:15So teams, again, fingers on buzzers.
0:41:15 > 0:41:17What event... BUZZER
0:41:17 > 0:41:19So, um, Dan.
0:41:19 > 0:41:22- I think I've made a mistake. - LAUGHTER
0:41:22 > 0:41:26- I think your competitive spirit is getting the better of you...- OK.
0:41:26 > 0:41:27..and you did come in too early.
0:41:27 > 0:41:29It would only be fair for me to finish the question, Dan,
0:41:29 > 0:41:35since you didn't let me. What event of 1570 does that ballad refer to?
0:41:35 > 0:41:39- Is that...?- Oh, that's when all the subjects of Elizabeth
0:41:39 > 0:41:44- were told they no longer had to be obedient to her.- Excommunication.
0:41:44 > 0:41:46So finally, Elizabeth's subjects could do as they wish,
0:41:46 > 0:41:51and that really spawned a real upsurge in plots against her.
0:41:51 > 0:41:54That particular ballad, though. I'm looking for a particular name,
0:41:54 > 0:41:58- and neither team is able to give it to me.- The Papal Bull of Excommunication of 1570.
0:41:58 > 0:41:59Yes, relating to the death of...?
0:41:59 > 0:42:02- We heard his name in the song! - John Fenton.
0:42:02 > 0:42:04- Well, nearly. John Felton.- Felton.
0:42:04 > 0:42:07Well done, you got there. So a clap for that, and the points.
0:42:07 > 0:42:09APPLAUSE
0:42:11 > 0:42:15My follow-up question, then, and I almost think it's only fair
0:42:15 > 0:42:17to make this a buzzer question,
0:42:17 > 0:42:20because you both sort of got it right but got just enough of it wrong.
0:42:20 > 0:42:23So let me leave this open to both of you.
0:42:23 > 0:42:27Pope Sixtus V renewed the Bull or the Document of Excommunication
0:42:27 > 0:42:30against Elizabeth in 1588.
0:42:30 > 0:42:32What incident that occurred
0:42:32 > 0:42:34in 1587...? Anna. BUZZER
0:42:34 > 0:42:37- Mary, Queen of Scots' execution. - Absolutely right, yes,
0:42:37 > 0:42:39and a point for that. You get it.
0:42:39 > 0:42:41APPLAUSE
0:42:42 > 0:42:45So after that round, Lucy's team have 19 points,
0:42:45 > 0:42:47Dan's team have 23 points.
0:42:47 > 0:42:50APPLAUSE
0:42:54 > 0:42:56Now we're going to go on to our penultimate round
0:42:56 > 0:42:59and this is all about food.
0:43:07 > 0:43:10So from the gluttony of Henry VIII
0:43:10 > 0:43:13to the extravagant banquets of Elizabeth I,
0:43:13 > 0:43:17food played a very important role in Tudor life and in politics.
0:43:17 > 0:43:21So teams, it is time now to test your taste buds
0:43:21 > 0:43:23as well as your knowledge.
0:43:23 > 0:43:25The Tudor dishes that you're about to sample
0:43:25 > 0:43:29have been created by a Hampton Court food historian -
0:43:29 > 0:43:32please welcome Mark Hawtree.
0:43:32 > 0:43:34APPLAUSE
0:43:34 > 0:43:35Hello.
0:43:39 > 0:43:41So, Mark, thank you and welcome.
0:43:41 > 0:43:44We will come to all of your expert knowledge in just a moment.
0:43:44 > 0:43:47First of all, we're going to go to Lucy's team,
0:43:47 > 0:43:49and, Mark, I would ask you initially
0:43:49 > 0:43:52to reveal the dish that Lucy's team
0:43:52 > 0:43:55are going to try to tell us a little bit about.
0:43:55 > 0:43:58There they are. Now, take a taste.
0:43:58 > 0:44:00OK.
0:44:00 > 0:44:01Shall we go for the nipple?
0:44:01 > 0:44:03Do they just look like giant boobs to you?
0:44:03 > 0:44:07- Or small boobs, actually. - A plate of mammaries.
0:44:08 > 0:44:09Henry VII did like...
0:44:09 > 0:44:11Too much information, Greg!
0:44:11 > 0:44:14- What do you make of the taste? - Um...
0:44:14 > 0:44:17It's not very nice.
0:44:17 > 0:44:18- GREG:- Oh, I like it!
0:44:18 > 0:44:21Is it lavender, or violet? It tastes like Turkish Delight.
0:44:21 > 0:44:22I think it's rose.
0:44:22 > 0:44:26Mark, I'm going to ask for your description of what it is
0:44:26 > 0:44:28that is being eaten here. And actually our historians
0:44:28 > 0:44:31- sort of touched on it at the beginning.- Eating some boobs.
0:44:31 > 0:44:34The comedy boob, yeah. Very robust sense of humour, the Tudors.
0:44:34 > 0:44:35Er, it's called Spanish Pap,
0:44:35 > 0:44:39- which then links in with the boob joke again.- Right.
0:44:39 > 0:44:42It's cream, sweetened with sugar,
0:44:42 > 0:44:45flavoured with rose-water, and thickened with rice flour.
0:44:45 > 0:44:47Tell me a little bit more about this, then, Mark.
0:44:47 > 0:44:52Why...you say Spanish Paps, a crude name, why were they given that name?
0:44:52 > 0:44:55The Pap because of the breast, also because of the texture.
0:44:55 > 0:44:57For baby food...
0:44:57 > 0:45:00The name "pap" for baby food goes back hundreds of years.
0:45:00 > 0:45:03They wanted to have a go at the Spanish, really, did they?
0:45:03 > 0:45:05They're possibly having a go at the Spanish.
0:45:05 > 0:45:08One theory is that it looks like a papal hat.
0:45:08 > 0:45:11Well, it's having a go at the Pap-acy, isn't it? The Papacy.
0:45:11 > 0:45:13Yeah, but I personally think it's just comedy boob.
0:45:13 > 0:45:16So Lucy's team, out of all this, apart from trying the dish,
0:45:16 > 0:45:18I'm going to give you a question.
0:45:18 > 0:45:22Your question is, what distinction was made
0:45:22 > 0:45:24between Mary I and Philip II of Spain
0:45:24 > 0:45:28in their place settings during their marriage feast?
0:45:28 > 0:45:30When a woman marries a man, he's her master,
0:45:30 > 0:45:32so they were afraid that Britain,
0:45:32 > 0:45:34in a union, they're going to be controlled by Spain,
0:45:34 > 0:45:36so they're signifying at the wedding banquet...
0:45:36 > 0:45:39So presumably they're not next to each other,
0:45:39 > 0:45:40or she's much higher than him?
0:45:40 > 0:45:42She's seated much higher and he's much lower?
0:45:42 > 0:45:45You're right in terms of the historical context,
0:45:45 > 0:45:47- but the actual... - He's under the table...
0:45:47 > 0:45:50He's not under the table. Do any others in your team have an idea?
0:45:50 > 0:45:51Lucy, Greg?
0:45:54 > 0:45:57- Anna is straining at the leash here. - Anna is straining at the leash,
0:45:57 > 0:46:00so I'm going to open it to the other side.
0:46:00 > 0:46:01I think gold and silver plates.
0:46:01 > 0:46:02- You're spot on.- Ooh!
0:46:02 > 0:46:05Explain to us who had the gold and who had the silver.
0:46:05 > 0:46:08So it was a problem of precedence and who was in the superior position
0:46:08 > 0:46:13and, yes, Mary had the gold plate and Philip had the silver plate.
0:46:13 > 0:46:15That's it. Absolutely right.
0:46:15 > 0:46:17APPLAUSE
0:46:17 > 0:46:21Mark, I will ask you now to come round and unveil the dish
0:46:21 > 0:46:24- that Dan's team is about to take a look at...- Need longer arms for this.
0:46:24 > 0:46:28- ..and indeed sample. - You get the short straw.
0:46:29 > 0:46:31Now, dig in.
0:46:31 > 0:46:33Here we go, Kirsty, let me...
0:46:33 > 0:46:35- Thank you so much. - Don't want you missing out.
0:46:35 > 0:46:37Really kind of you. I have to ask the questions, though,
0:46:37 > 0:46:40- so...- I think you would have been better with the paps.
0:46:40 > 0:46:42- I'm intrigued.- What are you tasting?
0:46:42 > 0:46:44- Fish. Haddock.- Fish.
0:46:44 > 0:46:47It's kind of like cold kedgeree.
0:46:47 > 0:46:50Or like egg fried rice served up a week later.
0:46:50 > 0:46:52You like it! Jonathan's going for it.
0:46:52 > 0:46:55- Mark, how long did it take you to make this?- Oh, yeah, no offence!
0:46:55 > 0:46:57It's fine!
0:46:57 > 0:46:59No, I'm not going to sulk at all.
0:46:59 > 0:47:01I do have questions to ask you, so stay here.
0:47:01 > 0:47:03What is that our team's tasting?
0:47:03 > 0:47:05You're eating a blancmange of fish.
0:47:05 > 0:47:07Fishy blancmange.
0:47:07 > 0:47:08It's all right!
0:47:08 > 0:47:10By my standards, anyway.
0:47:10 > 0:47:13One of those things - when we say "blancmange"
0:47:13 > 0:47:16you're instantly taken back to the pink milk jelly of schooldays.
0:47:16 > 0:47:19But blancmange is just white food - "blanc manger".
0:47:19 > 0:47:23- Of course.- Why was white food particularly attractive?
0:47:23 > 0:47:26It's considered to be easier to digest.
0:47:26 > 0:47:28And what have you put into it, in terms of flavourings,
0:47:28 > 0:47:31- aside from the fish?- It's rice boiled until it bursts,
0:47:31 > 0:47:35and then mixed with almond milk,
0:47:35 > 0:47:37er, mashed fish, and flavoured with
0:47:37 > 0:47:39a little bit of sugar and some ginger.
0:47:39 > 0:47:41I can taste the ginger, yeah.
0:47:41 > 0:47:45- And do you like it, or...? - It needs a microwave, but...
0:47:45 > 0:47:47LAUGHTER
0:47:47 > 0:47:49Keeping the dish in mind, then,
0:47:49 > 0:47:52what food-related law - this is your question, for one point -
0:47:52 > 0:47:54what food-related law in 1563
0:47:54 > 0:47:57directly benefitted the Navy Royal?
0:47:57 > 0:48:01- Oh, well...you had to serve fish on a...- Well, not just on a Friday,
0:48:01 > 0:48:03there were certain days you had to eat fish.
0:48:03 > 0:48:05It was Friday plus another day, wasn't it?
0:48:05 > 0:48:09Cos then more fishermen, more trained seamen for the fleet,
0:48:09 > 0:48:11that could be called up, mobilised in times of war.
0:48:11 > 0:48:14You're absolutely right, and it was introduced on Wednesdays
0:48:14 > 0:48:17as well as Fridays and Saturdays.
0:48:17 > 0:48:20And in order to sort of...not circumvent it, but honour the law,
0:48:20 > 0:48:23what other things were included under the guise of "fish"
0:48:23 > 0:48:25that they were allowed to eat?
0:48:25 > 0:48:26Well, you know in the Middle Ages
0:48:26 > 0:48:29they thought that barnacle geese were a type of fish
0:48:29 > 0:48:31because they grew from barnacles...
0:48:31 > 0:48:34- Yes. And this was included, you're right, barnacle goose.- Yeah.
0:48:34 > 0:48:38- And also puffins.- Beaver.- And beavers, yes, you're quite right.
0:48:38 > 0:48:41And whale, also, was included.
0:48:41 > 0:48:44Now, Mark has made a special drink. The cups are almost full.
0:48:44 > 0:48:46Jonathan, your cup is still to be filled.
0:48:46 > 0:48:50And you have prepared something called what for us?
0:48:50 > 0:48:52This is a white hippocras.
0:48:52 > 0:48:54White hippocras. And what's that made up from?
0:48:54 > 0:48:56- This one is...- Smells wonderful!
0:48:56 > 0:49:01..a Rhenish wine, with long pepper, grains of paradise,
0:49:01 > 0:49:07er, flour of canel, ginger, sugar, and cinnamon.
0:49:07 > 0:49:08It's very delicious.
0:49:08 > 0:49:11You're supposed to be impartial! You weren't eating the food, but...
0:49:11 > 0:49:14I can always drink a drink - I'm a Scotswoman, after all!
0:49:14 > 0:49:16LAUGHTER
0:49:16 > 0:49:18I'm going to ask you, Mark,
0:49:18 > 0:49:21this very beautiful thing, which I almost don't...
0:49:21 > 0:49:24I mean, it's so delicate and gorgeous I almost don't want to touch it.
0:49:24 > 0:49:27It looks like we should have some cherries on it,
0:49:27 > 0:49:30but in fact this would have been used as a drinking vessel?
0:49:30 > 0:49:31It's a tatser.
0:49:31 > 0:49:34Can you fill it up? And I'm going to ask Dan, because I don't want you
0:49:34 > 0:49:37to mess up your beautiful shirt, but I don't mind if Dan messes up his.
0:49:37 > 0:49:39This is where I throw it over everybody, isn't it?
0:49:39 > 0:49:42So this would have been used to drink from. And Dan, do be careful,
0:49:42 > 0:49:45but I want you to have a go at drinking from this.
0:49:45 > 0:49:47- This tatser, as you said it was called.- OK.
0:49:47 > 0:49:52Now, it does look as if it was made from very fine and ancient porcelain.
0:49:52 > 0:49:55- Yeah.- Mark, you tell me what it's made of,
0:49:55 > 0:49:58- tell everybody. It's extraordinary. - That one's actually made from sugar.
0:49:58 > 0:50:00- What?!- Careful you don't tip it!
0:50:00 > 0:50:03But yeah, that's actually made from sugar.
0:50:03 > 0:50:05Are you going to...? Can we break some off?
0:50:05 > 0:50:06Oh, my God!
0:50:06 > 0:50:07That's amazing!
0:50:07 > 0:50:09- Is it...?- Yeah!
0:50:09 > 0:50:11Christmas in the Snow household will never be the same.
0:50:11 > 0:50:13Drink and eat at the same time!
0:50:13 > 0:50:15It's like an archaeological object now, isn't it?
0:50:15 > 0:50:18I imagine made with moulds, but terrifically difficult to make.
0:50:18 > 0:50:21- Yes.- Oh, thanks! He's just proved how hard it is to drink out of.
0:50:21 > 0:50:23Sorry!
0:50:23 > 0:50:26- Did he spill it?- All over me.
0:50:26 > 0:50:27LAUGHTER
0:50:27 > 0:50:29What's this one made out of?
0:50:31 > 0:50:32I have to say to you, it has been
0:50:32 > 0:50:35fascinating, delightful and intriguing. Thank you very much
0:50:35 > 0:50:38for bringing all this historical food and drink along.
0:50:38 > 0:50:40APPLAUSE
0:50:44 > 0:50:47Now, as our final part of our Tudor feast,
0:50:47 > 0:50:52I want to introduce you to a very special guest.
0:50:52 > 0:50:55And here he is. This is Whiskey.
0:50:55 > 0:50:58Now, Whiskey, for a bonus question, can you tell me
0:50:58 > 0:51:03what this little animal would have been used for in a Tudor kitchen?
0:51:03 > 0:51:05- Can I answer?- You can answer.
0:51:05 > 0:51:07We don't have buzzers, but you can certainly answer.
0:51:07 > 0:51:08IMITATES BUZZER
0:51:08 > 0:51:09Tell me about Whiskey.
0:51:09 > 0:51:14Whiskey is supposed to be the last surviving spit dog,
0:51:14 > 0:51:17which is a kind of dog that was bred
0:51:17 > 0:51:19to have a long body and short little legs,
0:51:19 > 0:51:21so it would run about in a little wheel
0:51:21 > 0:51:25and it would stop you having to turn the spit manually.
0:51:25 > 0:51:27You're absolutely right, turn the spit with the meat on it.
0:51:27 > 0:51:30He's the Turnspit Dog. Well done.
0:51:30 > 0:51:32APPLAUSE
0:51:34 > 0:51:38There is nothing about Whiskey, the little Turnspit Dog,
0:51:38 > 0:51:39that is not interesting.
0:51:39 > 0:51:43You already have secured your point, but can you, or can anybody,
0:51:43 > 0:51:45tell me what might have been done -
0:51:45 > 0:51:48of really unspeakable cruelty, I have to say -
0:51:48 > 0:51:51to make little Whiskey run faster on his wheel?
0:51:51 > 0:51:53Did it involve the enema pipe?
0:51:53 > 0:51:55It didn't involve the enema pipe!
0:51:55 > 0:51:58Was there fire put under the wheel, to make him run?
0:51:58 > 0:52:01Yeah, they would throw coals onto the wheel to make him run faster,
0:52:01 > 0:52:03because his little paws were hot.
0:52:03 > 0:52:07Turnspit dogs apparently were used as feet-warmers in church on a Sunday.
0:52:09 > 0:52:10What a life they had!
0:52:10 > 0:52:13Well, thank you all for being so very game.
0:52:13 > 0:52:16After that round we can reveal that Lucy's team have 20 points
0:52:16 > 0:52:18and Dan's team have 25 points.
0:52:18 > 0:52:20APPLAUSE
0:52:25 > 0:52:28Now it's time to play our final round.
0:52:36 > 0:52:40So finally, having spent a while looking at how the Tudors lived,
0:52:40 > 0:52:43it seems entirely appropriate that our last round
0:52:43 > 0:52:45is about how they died.
0:52:45 > 0:52:48This is a quickfire round, with questions worth a point.
0:52:48 > 0:52:51Equally, teams, I should tell you that an incorrect answer
0:52:51 > 0:52:54will result in you being deducted a point.
0:52:54 > 0:52:56Greg looks really happy at that.
0:52:56 > 0:52:58So fingers on buzzers, teams,
0:52:58 > 0:53:01and let's play The Last Word.
0:53:01 > 0:53:04Which monarch said, "When I am dead and opened,
0:53:04 > 0:53:06"you shall find..." BUZZER
0:53:06 > 0:53:07Mary I.
0:53:07 > 0:53:10That's right. "You shall find Calais lying on my heart."
0:53:10 > 0:53:13One point to you. Which Elizabethan playwright was stabbed to death
0:53:13 > 0:53:16in a pub in Deptford... BELL
0:53:16 > 0:53:17That was Christopher Marlowe.
0:53:17 > 0:53:20It was Christopher Marlowe, it was in a row over a bill.
0:53:20 > 0:53:23Who said that he believed the mercy of Christ
0:53:23 > 0:53:24would "pardon me all my sins,
0:53:24 > 0:53:28"yea, though they were greater than can be," on his deathbed?
0:53:29 > 0:53:31I'll move on - that was Henry VIII.
0:53:31 > 0:53:33According to popular tradition,
0:53:33 > 0:53:35which Elizabethan statesman died from pneumonia
0:53:35 > 0:53:38during an experiment... BELL
0:53:38 > 0:53:41- Francis Bacon.- It was Francis Bacon. What was the experiment?
0:53:41 > 0:53:43He was stuffing a chicken with snow.
0:53:43 > 0:53:44He WAS stuffing a chicken with snow!
0:53:44 > 0:53:48Whose death was described as "mildly, like a lamb,
0:53:48 > 0:53:50"easily, like a..." BUZZER
0:53:50 > 0:53:53- Elizabeth I.- That's right. It was mild like a lamb,
0:53:53 > 0:53:56"easily, like a ripe apple from the tree."
0:53:56 > 0:53:59Whose body and severed head was placed in an old arrow chest
0:53:59 > 0:54:02immediately after her execution in 1536?
0:54:02 > 0:54:03BELL
0:54:03 > 0:54:06- That would be Anne Boleyn. - It was Anne Boleyn.
0:54:06 > 0:54:09"Most gracious prince, I cry for mercy, mercy, mercy."
0:54:09 > 0:54:12- It's not working! It is. - BELL
0:54:12 > 0:54:13Thomas Cromwell.
0:54:13 > 0:54:14It was Thomas Cromwell.
0:54:14 > 0:54:18Written to Henry VIII, was the end of that question.
0:54:18 > 0:54:21Whose wife, named Elizabeth, is said to have carried his severed head
0:54:21 > 0:54:23in a bag... BELL
0:54:23 > 0:54:26- Raleigh.- It was Walter Raleigh.
0:54:26 > 0:54:28Carried his severed head in a bag for 29 years.
0:54:28 > 0:54:30Who was the chief mourner
0:54:30 > 0:54:32at the funeral of Henry's widow Catherine Parr?
0:54:32 > 0:54:34BELL
0:54:34 > 0:54:36- Was it Elizabeth?- No, it wasn't.
0:54:36 > 0:54:38- It was Lady Jane Grey, you lose a point.- Sorry.
0:54:38 > 0:54:40For which monarch were two funeral services held,
0:54:40 > 0:54:42one Protestant, the other Catholic?
0:54:42 > 0:54:45BUZZER What's your answer?
0:54:45 > 0:54:48- Edward VI.- It was Edward VI. Next question. How was Richard Roose,
0:54:48 > 0:54:50the cook of the Bishop of Rochester, executed?
0:54:50 > 0:54:52BELL
0:54:52 > 0:54:53Boiled alive.
0:54:53 > 0:54:55He was boiled alive for two hours, apparently.
0:54:55 > 0:54:58Which Tudor statesman...
0:54:58 > 0:54:59END OF ROUND KLAXON
0:54:59 > 0:55:02Well, that sound signals the end of the round
0:55:02 > 0:55:05and indeed, the end of the quiz.
0:55:05 > 0:55:08I can tell you that Lucy's team have 25 points
0:55:08 > 0:55:11and Dan's team have 28 points!
0:55:11 > 0:55:13APPLAUSE
0:55:21 > 0:55:23So Dan's team get the silver Tudor groats,
0:55:23 > 0:55:27and I'm afraid that Lucy's team, it's off to the Tower for you,
0:55:27 > 0:55:28where else?
0:55:28 > 0:55:30The only thing left to do, then,
0:55:30 > 0:55:33is to pay one last visit to our Tudor timeline.
0:55:33 > 0:55:38Here it is. Full of the people and events that have made this
0:55:38 > 0:55:41one of the most remarkable periods in British history.
0:55:53 > 0:55:57Thank you to our wonderful historians, Lucy, Greg and Kate,
0:55:57 > 0:56:00and Dan, Jonathan and Anna.
0:56:00 > 0:56:01APPLAUSE
0:56:01 > 0:56:04I'd like to thank all of you for watching,
0:56:04 > 0:56:09and in the words of that great Elizabethan, William Shakespeare,
0:56:09 > 0:56:12put out the light...
0:56:12 > 0:56:16and then put out the light. Goodnight.