Erddig House

Download Subtitles

Transcript

:00:20. > :00:25.A couple of weeks ago we asked you to is enin your national treasure.

:00:25. > :00:33.And Nicky Tweeted, "I love Erddig Hall so much, it feels like you

:00:33. > :00:43.have gone back in time." couldn't agree more. From Erddig

:00:43. > :00:55.

:00:55. > :00:59.Hall, welcome to National Treasures Good evening, and welcome to Erddig

:00:59. > :01:02.Hall. For two centuries well up until the late 1970s this was the

:01:02. > :01:08.home of the Miss Work of Art. the surface, they were a typically

:01:08. > :01:13.wealthy family, but behind this grand facade was a interesting

:01:13. > :01:19.story. They were people like us who shared a love of history, but they

:01:19. > :01:23.horded everything because this horse is a unique glimpse into 19th

:01:23. > :01:28.century life and is perfectly preserved. We're joined by fans of

:01:28. > :01:31.Erddig. What do you think is special about it? Erddig is so

:01:31. > :01:35.unique. It's an atmosphere that brings people back here again and

:01:35. > :01:39.again. What do you think is special? To me, it's just a family

:01:39. > :01:43.homestead. You just feel like you can pull up a chair and have a cup

:01:43. > :01:49.of tea. That would be nice. Tonight we're going to take you inside this

:01:49. > :01:53.grand house. We'll show you how the servants worked and how the family

:01:53. > :02:00.lived and, unusually, the relationship between the two.

:02:00. > :02:05.explain another unusual relationship - how a feral child

:02:05. > :02:11.found wandering the woods became King George I's pet perfect, and we

:02:11. > :02:16.head to Perthshire to meet one of the few men alive who know what

:02:16. > :02:21.it's like to sink a German warship. If you have World War II questions

:02:21. > :02:24.of your own or other questions, do e-mail us at

:02:24. > :02:27.nationaltreasures@bbc.co.uk, or you can Tweet us. We'll see if we can

:02:27. > :02:31.help you out later. Throughout the series we have

:02:31. > :02:34.learnt a lot about the historical passions of some of our best-known

:02:34. > :02:39.faces, everything from Greg Wallace's war-time rationing

:02:39. > :02:41.recipes to Larry Lamb's love of the music halls. Tonight we're going

:02:41. > :02:51.undercover with Sheila Hancock as she infiltrates the fascinating

:02:51. > :03:00.

:03:00. > :03:03.world of female spies. From Mata Hari to Anna Chapman,

:03:03. > :03:08.women spice have been seen as glamorous. Growing up in World War

:03:08. > :03:11.II, I really was quite scared of talking. I thought there were spies

:03:11. > :03:17.behind every tree, and it's not surprising considering the posters

:03:17. > :03:21.that were all over the place. This is a typical one, "Careless talk

:03:21. > :03:25.costs lives." It's given me a life- long interest in the world of

:03:25. > :03:31.spying, and in particular, the role of the female spy. When I think of

:03:31. > :03:35.spies in the olden days, I think of people like Mata Harics, kind of

:03:35. > :03:39.vampy and sexy and all of that. When did that happen? I think

:03:39. > :03:43.throughout the centuries, it's conditioned by women's role in

:03:43. > :03:49.society. Women spies would be cortisans, would be the lovers of

:03:49. > :03:54.Kings, of generals and could get information from the pillow, as it

:03:54. > :03:59.were. But World War II changed everything. With the recruitment of

:04:00. > :04:06.female agents into an intelligence unit called The Special Operations

:04:06. > :04:12.Executive or SOE. The purpose of SOE agents was to facility -

:04:12. > :04:19.facility ate the dropping of supplies. They acted as wireless

:04:19. > :04:24.operators or couriers. Let's have a look at what they used. A courier

:04:24. > :04:27.would be taking secret messages from one place to another. This is

:04:27. > :04:30.a handbag that has a secret compartment.

:04:30. > :04:33.I suppose it was easy for women to not be suspected at a time like

:04:33. > :04:36.that. Is that right? Well, it conforms to the role of women in

:04:37. > :04:41.society in France in the early 1940s, which is, you know,

:04:41. > :04:45.housewife, office worker, that sort of thing, and this assumption was

:04:45. > :04:54.that the resistance fighter was bound to be a man. This, I believe,

:04:54. > :04:58.belonged to a specific woman. Her name was Yvonne Kurmou, from 1943.

:04:58. > :05:02.My goodness. There is a stain there. What is that? That is her blood

:05:02. > :05:07.when she was shot in the leg, and you can see the bloodstains here.

:05:07. > :05:11.Oh, my goodness, and did she get away all right? Yes, she did.

:05:11. > :05:14.Sesurvived. She's one of the most successful wireless operators, but

:05:14. > :05:19.strangely, is one of the most forgotten.

:05:20. > :05:23.Because of the bravery of women like her, attitudes towards female

:05:23. > :05:29.operators changed. As tensions between East and West developed

:05:29. > :05:36.into the Cold War, a whole raft of elaborate Bondesque gadgets emerged,

:05:36. > :05:41.some of which were definitely more Jane a than James, like the kiss-

:05:41. > :05:45.of-death lipstick with a concealed- shot pistol, a lady's leather belt,

:05:45. > :05:50.hidden dagger, optional, and a fashionable silver ring with a

:05:50. > :05:54.hollow compartment, perfect for carrying poison - just in case.

:05:54. > :05:59.Pictured here with the former Foreign Secretary Geoffrey Howell

:05:59. > :06:03.is one of the women recruited during the Cold War, Baroness Mita

:06:03. > :06:09.Ramsey. If I ask you for a job description of what you did, what

:06:09. > :06:14.would it be? An intelligence officer in secret intelligence

:06:14. > :06:20.service, also known as MI6. Would you call yourself a spy? I suppose

:06:20. > :06:25.it could be, yes. During the Cold War, one of her jobs was to recruit

:06:25. > :06:28.agents across the world to pass foreign military secrets back to

:06:28. > :06:34.the UK. Were there advantages in being a woman? Well, you can

:06:34. > :06:38.sometimes get away with murder with policemen, and you can play up a

:06:38. > :06:42.little bit your helpless femininity, so I think that can be a real

:06:42. > :06:47.advantage. One of the qualities I would have thought you needed was

:06:47. > :06:51.not exactly an enjoyment of danger, but not avoiding danger. I mean, if

:06:51. > :06:55.you were frightened of danger, then you couldn't do it, could you?

:06:55. > :06:59.suppose that's true. I have never thought about it like enjoying the

:06:59. > :07:02.danger, but if you couldn't live with the rush of adrenaline when

:07:02. > :07:06.something's not going right, then you wouldn't go on doing it. You

:07:06. > :07:10.would either have a nervous breakdown, or you would certainly

:07:10. > :07:16.stop. Female spies have come a long way. The glamorous image of the

:07:16. > :07:20.movies remains a fiction. Well, where did the Mata Hari bit come

:07:20. > :07:23.in? Where was the glamour and the sexiness? I don't know if I would

:07:23. > :07:28.use that word about being an intelligence officer. There is a

:07:28. > :07:32.lot of waiting around. There is a lot of taking a long time to get

:07:33. > :07:36.anywhere to make absolutely sure you're not followed. That can be in

:07:36. > :07:39.all climates. There are a lot of times when you're standing in way,

:07:39. > :07:43.way below zero waiting to do something, and you think, there

:07:43. > :07:49.must be easier ways to... Like filming! Exactly.

:07:49. > :07:52.LAUGHTER Oh, the Baroness there, an

:07:52. > :07:56.extraordinary woman. Sheila has joined us in this amazing dining

:07:56. > :07:59.room. Isn't it lovely? It's incredible. We'll learn more about

:08:00. > :08:03.it in just a moment. Meeting the Baroness must have been special,

:08:03. > :08:06.wasn't it? It was. It was remarkable. It summed up - when I

:08:06. > :08:10.asked her why she chose such a difficult, dangerous career, she

:08:10. > :08:15.said, quite simply, "I wanted to serve my country," and that's what

:08:15. > :08:19.she's done ever since. She's at the heart of Lords now. She's

:08:19. > :08:23.campaigned. She's done everything. Do you think her role and the other

:08:23. > :08:27.female spys from World War II are largely overlooked? I think there

:08:27. > :08:33.is a danger like all history because history is mainly written

:08:33. > :08:37.by men. Certainly there were women that did remarkable things. We know

:08:37. > :08:40.about the famous ones that films were made of, but we don't know

:08:40. > :08:43.about others. I know you're starting to write a book. It's a

:08:44. > :08:49.novel, isn't it? I am of the wartime generation, and I wanted to

:08:49. > :08:52.put some of my experiences in the book. In the process I have been

:08:52. > :08:56.researching resistance workers, and I have been absolutely amazed of

:08:56. > :09:00.the untold stories of these women. They're just completely ignored and

:09:00. > :09:05.overlooked. It's just a case of keeping those stories and memories

:09:05. > :09:10.alive. Yes, it's very important people know about them. Good luck.

:09:10. > :09:16.How far are you in it? I am about a quarter of the way through.

:09:16. > :09:20.back to it. Yeah, better. Toot sweet! Just ass women were the

:09:20. > :09:23.unsung heroes of World War II, in stately homes it's normally the

:09:23. > :09:29.staff that are forgotten over time. That's not the case here in Erddig

:09:30. > :09:33.Hall, is it? No, I am here in the guts of the building. Look at these

:09:33. > :09:38.incredible bells. People would have rung them upstairs if they wanted

:09:38. > :09:41.something. We'll come here into the servants' hall. This is where they

:09:41. > :09:45.would have eaten. There are paintings on the wall. These look

:09:45. > :09:48.like they're the paintings of the owners, but they're not. Merlin

:09:48. > :09:52.Watson is heavily involved in the restoration of the building. Tell

:09:52. > :09:56.me about these? They're portraits of staff. This lady was a spider

:09:56. > :10:03.brusher, in other words, a housemaid. The painting was painted

:10:03. > :10:11.in 1973. She's shown with her broom and her mop. This is a game keeper

:10:11. > :10:17.to the estate, Jack Henshaw. The indescription tells us he was a

:10:17. > :10:20.little bit bond of beer here is somebody called Jack Nicklaus. He

:10:20. > :10:26.plucked chickens. He was a simpleton and kept by the family as

:10:26. > :10:30.an act of charity. This is unusual. Usually portraits are reserved for

:10:30. > :10:34.members of the family. Yes, but it's one of the things about Erddig

:10:34. > :10:38.- in the early 18th century, the family were close to their servants.

:10:38. > :10:42.They corresponded with them. They took a great interest in them when

:10:42. > :10:48.they got married. They began to record them. This collection goes

:10:48. > :10:52.right the way through to the 20th century. It does. Photography began

:10:52. > :10:56.in the 1860s. It's continued until the First World War. There are just

:10:56. > :11:00.a sprinkling of photographs just after. Incredible. You can find

:11:00. > :11:03.more about all of these servants and stories on our website. Ruth

:11:03. > :11:07.Goodman explores the secrets of the house including more of these

:11:07. > :11:14.paintings and the recently discovered postcard collection of

:11:14. > :11:19.the house's last ever nanny. Here is the web address. The collection

:11:19. > :11:23.is unique, but Lucy Worsley has unearthed one or two other pictures

:11:23. > :11:28.of servants elsewhere, particularly a on the King George I's palace.

:11:28. > :11:32.She used it to try to solve one of our strangest Royal mysteries.

:11:32. > :11:37.at Kensington Palace in London, this staircase is lined with the

:11:37. > :11:41.portraits of servants who worked for King George I. In among the

:11:41. > :11:48.courtiers and ladies in waiting is one of the most mysterious figures

:11:48. > :11:54.in the history of the Royal court. He was known simply as "Peter, the

:11:54. > :12:00.wild boy". In 1725, he was found by local peasants deep in the woods

:12:00. > :12:03.near the German town of Hanover. He was a feral child with a wild

:12:03. > :12:08.appearance who lived off the food of the forest and who couldn't

:12:08. > :12:11.articulate a single word. People were surprised by the wild boy's

:12:11. > :12:16.excessively hairy appearance, the way he scampered on all fours

:12:16. > :12:21.instead of walking upright. They noticed he had an old wound on his

:12:21. > :12:23.left hand. Some of the fingers were fused together with webbing, like a

:12:23. > :12:27.duck's foot. King George I, who had been born near that city, heard

:12:27. > :12:32.about the wild boy, and invited him to join the Royal household.

:12:32. > :12:38.Perhaps he relished the challenge of transforming Peter from the

:12:38. > :12:41.savage he seemed into the perfect gentleman. And the courtiers were

:12:41. > :12:46.intrigued by him because he didn't understand the rules of human

:12:46. > :12:51.behaviour. They were charmed by his encounters with civilisation. At

:12:51. > :12:56.night, he wouldn't get into a bed. He'd go and curl up in the corner

:12:56. > :13:02.of the room on floor. Standing next to Peter in the picture is his

:13:02. > :13:07.tutor, Dr John Arbuthnot in the hat. He tried to teach him the alphabet.

:13:07. > :13:13.He got him to mouth the letters, and despite all of his tutor's

:13:13. > :13:16.efforts, Peter never learned how to speak. For the ploser ifs, he

:13:16. > :13:20.summed up one of the great questions of the enlightenment -

:13:20. > :13:26.what does it mean to be a human being? If you have no speech, do

:13:26. > :13:30.you have a soul? Was Peter just an animal? At the time, people assumed

:13:30. > :13:36.that Peter acted the way he did because he was a wild child. They

:13:36. > :13:42.didn't suspect that something else could have been afflicting him. But

:13:42. > :13:48.a new analysis of Peter's portraits by Professor Philip Beale Beals has

:13:48. > :13:56.revealed the possible causes of his behaviour. What we see in this

:13:56. > :14:00.particular picture is he has this prominent flop of hair and these

:14:00. > :14:04.nostrils. The artist has captured the lip, which have this cupid's

:14:04. > :14:11.bow appearance. You have put all of these clues into your database and

:14:11. > :14:19.come out with an answer? I think this is a condition described as

:14:19. > :14:25.Pit Hopkins Syndrome. There are many features, the most severe of

:14:25. > :14:30.this is the neurological component, a difficulty to develop speech and

:14:30. > :14:36.other conditions. Not realising Peter's behaviour could be due to a

:14:36. > :14:41.medical condition, the courtiers got bored of him and was sent to

:14:41. > :14:45.the country. He was looked after in Hertfordshire. In the country,

:14:45. > :14:52.Peter could be much more himself, a far cry from his life within the

:14:53. > :14:57.Royal Palaces. And near to his home, here at

:14:58. > :15:03.Berkhamstead School Library, they have the only remaining artefact

:15:03. > :15:06.left from his life, Peter's collar. Look at this. You can see where it

:15:06. > :15:11.was locked on around his neck. It looks like a horrible, vicious

:15:11. > :15:15.thing to wear. What do you think of a human being wearing a collar like

:15:15. > :15:19.a dog? I don't think people should wear collars. But at the same time,

:15:19. > :15:27.it was made with a kind thought, I think, because it's got his name

:15:27. > :15:32.and address on the front. "Whoever will bring him to Mr Fen shall be

:15:32. > :15:35.paid for their trouble." It shows, then, he wasn't really an object or

:15:35. > :15:39.a possession because if he was a slave, people wouldn't get paid for

:15:39. > :15:44.the trouble. I agree with you. I think the collar does show they

:15:44. > :15:48.cared about him. Peter lived on into his 70s, and in turn, he grew

:15:48. > :15:52.very attached to the farmers who looked after him, so much so that

:15:52. > :16:02.when the last farmer died, Peter really took it to heart. He pined

:16:02. > :16:03.

:16:03. > :16:08.away, and he died here at the farm Often, flowers mysteriously appear

:16:08. > :16:11.at his grave. I asked somebody at the church who leaves them, and she

:16:11. > :16:17.said, we don't know who leaves flowers for Peter but there must be

:16:17. > :16:22.people around here who think he should be a remembered. Peter, once

:16:22. > :16:26.ridiculed by the upper classes as a wild and soul this animal, had

:16:26. > :16:36.grown into a gentle and sensitive person, leading an innocent and

:16:36. > :16:39.

:16:39. > :16:43.simple life, proving himself to be Isn't it lovely to think there are

:16:43. > :16:51.people leaving flowers on Peter's grave today? You have to wonder who

:16:51. > :16:56.those people might be. We are back in the dining room here,

:16:56. > :17:01.where successive generations of the Yorkes would have entertained. They

:17:01. > :17:07.would have had five-course meals including four desserts. It sounds

:17:07. > :17:15.very grand and man in his here with me. They were not an ostentatious

:17:15. > :17:18.family -- Merlin Waterson is here with me. No, if you look at the

:17:18. > :17:23.portraits, the first Duke has chosen to be painted in a rather

:17:23. > :17:30.sombre black coat, but it is a sympathetic, intelligent face. I

:17:30. > :17:35.think that is how he would have wanted to have been sort of. What

:17:35. > :17:39.happened at the Yorke family? lived here comfortably in the 19th

:17:39. > :17:43.century but the income from the estate was dwindling and it was

:17:44. > :17:53.running downhill. During the First World War, in a sense, it gave them

:17:53. > :17:57.an opportunity to stop keeping up appearances. Most of the staff left.

:17:57. > :18:02.That is when you came in, in the 70s. We can see what the house

:18:02. > :18:08.looked like, it was in a poor state of repair. You stayed here for

:18:08. > :18:12.quite a while? There had been mining their -- mining beneath the

:18:12. > :18:16.house, so it had fallen three feet. Water had fallen into the centre

:18:16. > :18:19.part of the building and when I stayed here, I sat in one of the

:18:19. > :18:24.lovely bedrooms upstairs, but the water came through the ceiling and

:18:24. > :18:28.when it was cold, because the windows were broken, sometimes snow

:18:28. > :18:34.would drift in and you founded on the floor in the morning. It was in

:18:34. > :18:37.a precarious state. And a labour of love for you and the Natural Trust

:18:37. > :18:41.-- the National Trust to build it back up into what we see today.

:18:41. > :18:44.This room would have had fine dinner parties, but most of the

:18:44. > :18:51.time the family would have eaten alone, and for the last generation

:18:51. > :18:55.of Yorkes it meant mum, dad anti- boys, but even they had 15 indoor

:18:55. > :19:00.servants, which made it got pretty busy downstairs.

:19:00. > :19:06.It would have been packed down here. Waste not, one not. That was the

:19:06. > :19:12.motto. That is why there are all of these incredible artefacts. We do

:19:12. > :19:16.have been down here working, or up there, relaxing? I would have liked

:19:16. > :19:21.the people down here more but I am not a good cook and I do not like

:19:21. > :19:27.emptying chamber pots and things! This would have been a very hot

:19:27. > :19:32.place to work because that fire was an open fire until the early

:19:32. > :19:39.twentieth-century, when they put the range in. And that window, a

:19:39. > :19:43.beautiful window, very unusual. Servants in the kitchen where often

:19:43. > :19:51.in the basement, but here they are in the ground floor with the light

:19:51. > :19:53.streaming in. Lovely. I have somebody with some of these

:19:53. > :20:00.utensils, my grandmother had some of these. What is that? Sugar

:20:00. > :20:06.nippers. How did show the come? a large cone, and this would be the

:20:06. > :20:10.top of it. Was the sugar lumps for a ball or cooking? Cooking,

:20:10. > :20:18.anything that was needed. And if you mash that, you get icing sugar.

:20:18. > :20:23.It would have been hard work down here. Look at this! This is an

:20:23. > :20:29.apple peeler and corer. It does everything. A scullery maid would

:20:29. > :20:35.have been up at 6am and not in bed until 10pm. Do you know how much

:20:35. > :20:39.she got paid? About �8 in year. are doing all of the research for

:20:40. > :20:45.us! These guys have been slaving away down here, but the family had

:20:45. > :20:50.plenty of time up there for leisure. They did, the Yorke family spent

:20:50. > :20:53.lots of time out here in this beautiful garden. Looking lovely.

:20:53. > :20:58.They would play croquet, cricket, there was even a bowling alley down

:20:58. > :21:03.the other end. It is a Grade 1 listed garden so the layout has not

:21:03. > :21:06.been changed and about 300 years. Throughout the series down and

:21:06. > :21:12.Michael have been criss-crossing the land on their history rogue

:21:12. > :21:18.chip, and for the final leg of their journey they have been timid

:21:18. > :21:24.and -- been to meet an ordinary man with an extraordinary story.

:21:24. > :21:31.I don't fit on this bed. You make a lot of noise in your sleep, a lot

:21:31. > :21:36.of scratching and snoring. A lot of tromping. When we put this engine

:21:36. > :21:43.on, the whole thing will go! Today we are going off to meet a special

:21:43. > :21:53.person, a surprise for years. Off to Scotland. Great. Doing what?

:21:53. > :22:07.

:22:07. > :22:12.Welcome to Scotland! I can't even see through the rain. Britain is a

:22:12. > :22:16.nation shaped by warfare but the reality is there has been more war

:22:16. > :22:21.in our nation's history than peace. A British soldier has been killed

:22:21. > :22:26.in combat every year since the Second World War apart from once.

:22:26. > :22:34.Is there ever a good reason for war? Do you ever think, they should

:22:34. > :22:44.be happening? A lot of people say the second world war was a good one.

:22:44. > :22:49.

:22:49. > :22:57.Britain was on the right side of Let's see what this house is, on

:22:57. > :23:03.the right. There we go. You are driving on the lawn! Is this

:23:03. > :23:07.somebody's lawn?! Have you heard of the Bismarck? I have heard of it,

:23:08. > :23:13.but I don't know what it is. Something to do with the Second

:23:13. > :23:18.World War? Yes, it is a big ship. One of the most powerful warships

:23:18. > :23:22.ever build, and it threatened Britain's supply line to North

:23:22. > :23:32.America, potentially a war winning piece of equipment for the Germans

:23:32. > :23:32.

:23:32. > :23:35.will -- for the Germans. This man is responsible for sinking it.

:23:35. > :23:39.have to make sure we are at the right house because he is not good

:23:39. > :23:43.with maps, but I think we will meet someone with a first-hand account

:23:43. > :23:51.of a major piece of history, and I am nervous about that because he

:23:51. > :23:56.does this all of the time, but I just cut people's hair! John, how

:23:56. > :24:02.are you? This is Michael Foster up hello, nice to meet you. Welcome

:24:02. > :24:08.aboard. Meeting John Moffett is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for

:24:08. > :24:13.Michael. He dropped a torpedo that hit the Bismarck, the world's most

:24:13. > :24:17.powerful German battleship. It hit it in the rudder, it span in

:24:17. > :24:20.circles and the Royal Navy closed in and pounded it until it sank.

:24:20. > :24:26.You were flying the Swordfish on that famous mission against the

:24:26. > :24:32.Bismarck? Yes. Tell us what happened? New set off from the Ark

:24:32. > :24:37.Royal? We kept going up above the clouds, and all of a sudden all

:24:37. > :24:45.hell let loose. Shells bursting all around us and causing a sheet of

:24:45. > :24:52.water to come up to maybe 200, 300 ft, coming up everywhere. I could

:24:52. > :24:55.see this big ship firing its guns. It was a hell of a size. It was

:24:55. > :25:02.really something. I could just about see the people on the deck of

:25:02. > :25:08.the ship. Of the Bismarck? Yes, I was that close. Bullets started

:25:08. > :25:13.flying them. My observers suddenly said, not yet! And all of a sudden

:25:13. > :25:19.he shouted, let her go! And away she went. You didn't know what you

:25:19. > :25:25.had done and you went over the next day? Yes, to finish her off. All of

:25:25. > :25:33.a sudden, it turned on its side. Did you see that? Oh, yes, and not

:25:33. > :25:39.only that, I was about 50 ft off the water, and there were hundreds

:25:39. > :25:46.of chaps in the sea. It was unbelievable. It was not a side

:25:46. > :25:49.that you forget. -- not a sight that you forget. Did you feel you

:25:49. > :25:56.were doing the right thing being in the Navy, fighting on the right

:25:56. > :26:02.side? Hitler had to be stopped, and if we can do our bit, then fair

:26:02. > :26:10.enough. I cannot thank you enough for sharing that with me. That is

:26:10. > :26:14.absolutely superb, thank you. That was remarkable. His actions

:26:14. > :26:18.were responsible for changing the course of the war. That is the

:26:18. > :26:22.amazing thing about meeting people like that, normal people with an

:26:22. > :26:28.impact on history which will be felt for years to come. Amazing.

:26:28. > :26:35.Where next? Salad. Can I get a white pudding before we go? What is

:26:35. > :26:39.that? It is like a battered sausage...

:26:39. > :26:45.An extraordinary testimony. We have met people throughout this series

:26:45. > :26:49.who have been at a heart of history, quite a privilege. I have met him a

:26:49. > :26:53.couple of times, he is a national treasure.

:26:53. > :26:56.Thank you for your tweets and e- mail so that the programme.

:26:56. > :27:01.Question -- Sheila, you have a question?

:27:01. > :27:05.We know the people upstairs were above us in the kitchen, but was

:27:05. > :27:10.there hierarchy in the kitchen? Housekeeper ruled the roost and had

:27:10. > :27:13.a stronger position than the cook, so could order the cut around, but

:27:13. > :27:16.there was a time when the cook earned so much more because of all

:27:17. > :27:22.of the entertaining. The Butler was in charge on the

:27:22. > :27:28.male side and had for it man below, said definitely a hierarchy. As a

:27:28. > :27:32.scullery maid, I would have had to obey everybody!

:27:32. > :27:39.We have a tweet about World War One. Richard wants to know, could the

:27:39. > :27:43.Allies have won the war without Enigma? Women was so important in

:27:43. > :27:48.breaking the code. More women than men working on the Enigma code, I

:27:48. > :27:54.believe. The second world war would have lasted a lot longer if the

:27:54. > :27:59.Enigma code had not been broken. A lot of lives were saved breaking

:27:59. > :28:04.that was stopped they broke lots of codes.

:28:04. > :28:07.Sheila, it has been lovely having you, thank you. And thank you to

:28:07. > :28:13.the staff it, I don't know how many apples you have chopped since you

:28:13. > :28:16.have been the! Thank you for joining us tonight. -- since you

:28:16. > :28:21.have been here. That is it for tonight, and the

:28:21. > :28:24.series. But you can go to the website where you can find great

:28:24. > :28:29.activities and animations from the tee at BBC Hands On History.

:28:29. > :28:33.And you will find details of the annual Heritage Days where