0:00:02 > 0:00:07'In spring 2010, two families volunteered
0:00:07 > 0:00:09'to go back in time.'
0:00:09 > 0:00:10Bye bye!
0:00:10 > 0:00:14'The Joneses from Denbigh, North Wales
0:00:14 > 0:00:18'and the Braddocks from Abergavenny in South Wales.
0:00:18 > 0:00:21'Their destination - 19th Century Snowdonia
0:00:21 > 0:00:23'and a unique way of life.'
0:00:23 > 0:00:26Get them all together!
0:00:26 > 0:00:28It's getting a bit stressful now.
0:00:28 > 0:00:31If they come asking for the rent, we're finished.
0:00:33 > 0:00:35How do you move a cow?
0:00:36 > 0:00:41'For one month they faced a battle for survival that combined the farm
0:00:41 > 0:00:43'and the quarry.'
0:00:43 > 0:00:46You will not talk of unions here, I tell you now.
0:00:48 > 0:00:50SINGING
0:00:50 > 0:00:55We do not speak Welsh in school.
0:00:57 > 0:01:01I'm just frightened to eat in case we haven't got anything left.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04If you give me respect, you'll get it back.
0:01:04 > 0:01:07It is the hardest thing I have ever done in my life.
0:01:07 > 0:01:09'Coming up -
0:01:09 > 0:01:13'With cash running low, it's sheep heads for supper.'
0:01:15 > 0:01:16I can't believe people eat it.
0:01:16 > 0:01:19'There's a showdown with the quarry owner.'
0:01:19 > 0:01:21They're trying to make fools out of us.
0:01:21 > 0:01:25This isn't a joke, this money's coming out of my pocket.
0:01:25 > 0:01:28'And the minister makes a big entrance.'
0:01:28 > 0:01:30You will learn the ways of temperance
0:01:30 > 0:01:33otherwise you will not last long in this community.
0:02:06 > 0:02:10'The Braddock and Jones families are in their first week of life
0:02:10 > 0:02:13'in 1890s Snowdonia.'
0:02:14 > 0:02:18Do you want to hold the bucket for me so I can...
0:02:18 > 0:02:21'The morning routine revolves around seeing to the animals,
0:02:21 > 0:02:25'feeding the family and getting the men off to work
0:02:25 > 0:02:27'and the children to school.
0:02:28 > 0:02:33'Alisa Braddock's working her way through the chores.'
0:02:33 > 0:02:36Just hope she'll be good for me on my own.
0:02:36 > 0:02:40'There's no sign of the men of the family.'
0:02:40 > 0:02:43I've got no doubts they're going up the quarry
0:02:43 > 0:02:45and they are working really, really hard.
0:02:45 > 0:02:49But I've got to get up at six, I'm helping them with the animals,
0:02:49 > 0:02:52I've got to do all the food, do all the washing
0:02:52 > 0:02:54because they're just chucking clothes at me.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57And I've got to help them with the animals again at night
0:02:57 > 0:03:00so where is that fair?
0:03:00 > 0:03:02They, you know... I don't know.
0:03:06 > 0:03:10'The clock's ticking and Alisa needs to rustle up breakfast
0:03:10 > 0:03:13'for her hungry family.'
0:03:13 > 0:03:16- Does anybody like scrambled egg?- Me.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20'Mark helps out by preparing the men's quarry lunch.'
0:03:20 > 0:03:22Ham for lunch.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26You're taking cake as well?
0:03:26 > 0:03:31You've got cake? You'll have to leave two slices of cake.
0:03:31 > 0:03:36'It's time to leave for the quarry but they're still hungry.'
0:03:36 > 0:03:40Well, it's a long walk. It's a two-and-a-half mile walk.
0:03:40 > 0:03:42We don't get lunch until about half twelve.
0:03:42 > 0:03:44Do you want pancakes?
0:03:44 > 0:03:49- It's not cooked.- I've just given you a pancake.- I've ate it.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51I just asked, "Did I give you a pancake?"
0:03:51 > 0:03:54- I thought you said, "Do you want a pancake?"- No.
0:03:56 > 0:03:59They're not going to cook in time for them to go to work.
0:04:01 > 0:04:07I suppose at home you could probably microwave it, couldn't you.
0:04:07 > 0:04:08Ding!
0:04:08 > 0:04:13'A field away, there's a surprise for their neighbours, the Joneses.'
0:04:13 > 0:04:15Ooh, we have a letter.
0:04:16 > 0:04:18We have a letter.
0:04:20 > 0:04:22- Gan Nain.- Your Nain?
0:04:22 > 0:04:26'David's mother, known as Nain, is planning to visit them.'
0:04:26 > 0:04:29I'm looking forward to seeing you all so much.
0:04:29 > 0:04:33Life always has ups and downs and the ups will make the downs disappear.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36I wish you all... BREAKS DOWN
0:04:47 > 0:04:49Is Dad crying?
0:04:52 > 0:04:56'The stresses and strains of 1890 life are getting to everyone.'
0:04:56 > 0:04:59Sorry. The man of the house shouldn't cry.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04What time's it? Ten to?
0:05:04 > 0:05:08'The Jones men and Mark Braddock leave for the quarry.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10Bye.
0:05:11 > 0:05:14'Teenagers, Jamie and Jordan Braddock stay behind
0:05:14 > 0:05:17'for a second helping of breakfast.'
0:05:18 > 0:05:20They're just eating everything.
0:05:20 > 0:05:26They've taken it all to work and the kids have got nothing, really.
0:05:26 > 0:05:32I'm just frightened to eat in case we haven't got anything left.
0:05:32 > 0:05:36So... Sorry, it's just been a rough morning.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39Their portions are just too big, really.
0:05:39 > 0:05:42But I don't want to be the one to tell them that
0:05:42 > 0:05:45because they'll give me a hard time over that.
0:05:45 > 0:05:51But if I can find some recipes, that I can, oh I don't know,
0:05:51 > 0:05:54find some recipes that's not going to use a lot of food...
0:05:54 > 0:05:59But I've got to make bread and even if it is rubbish
0:05:59 > 0:06:01they're going to have to eat it.
0:06:01 > 0:06:03- KNOCK ON DOOR - Come in.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05- Hi, good morning.- Good morning.
0:06:05 > 0:06:09'It's time for the children to leave for school.'
0:06:09 > 0:06:14- Are you having a bit of a morning? - Yes, and I'm going to cry.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16Do you want a hug? Are you OK?
0:06:16 > 0:06:18We were like this yesterday.
0:06:18 > 0:06:20The boys have taken all the food.
0:06:21 > 0:06:23Oh, don't worry.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Oh, I know how you feel.
0:06:26 > 0:06:30Right. Do you want a hand to do anything now?
0:06:32 > 0:06:36'Catrin helps the children along and finally they're ready to go.'
0:06:36 > 0:06:39There we go, you look lovely now.
0:06:39 > 0:06:42- Bye.- Bye, Mummy.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45Have a good day. Behave. Good luck, good luck.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48Be a good girl.
0:06:53 > 0:06:57I haven't had a very successful morning this morning.
0:06:57 > 0:06:59Everything went wrong.
0:06:59 > 0:07:03So I thought rather than have another disaster like that
0:07:03 > 0:07:06I thought I'd put a few pointers down.
0:07:06 > 0:07:10I've written some notes to myself because it's been so hard.
0:07:10 > 0:07:12I've got, 'Stop getting upset, woman.
0:07:12 > 0:07:16'You have to be strong for the men and the children.'
0:07:16 > 0:07:19I have to give myself a telling off and a good talking to.
0:07:19 > 0:07:23So...that's what I'm going to do.
0:07:27 > 0:07:31'The men have a hard two mile walk to Moel Tryfan Slate quarry.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35'The Braddock teenagers have caught up with the others
0:07:35 > 0:07:38'but Jamie is on no rush to get to work.'
0:07:38 > 0:07:41You're not even at work and you're falling asleep. Come on.
0:07:41 > 0:07:44- Get up. Let's have a head start. - We'll catch you up.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51'Mr Humphreys, the steward, is waiting.'
0:07:51 > 0:07:53- Morning.- Good morning.
0:07:54 > 0:07:57So, you are late again this morning.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Jamie, you made all the other men late.
0:07:59 > 0:08:03- I'm going to fine you a ha'penny. - Oh, my days!- OK?
0:08:03 > 0:08:06'It's Jamie's third fine in three days.'
0:08:06 > 0:08:11OK, the rest of you, I want you to split down these slates now
0:08:11 > 0:08:13to take them into the quarry.
0:08:13 > 0:08:15Let's get going, lads.
0:08:15 > 0:08:20'In 1890 the steward controlled who worked and didn't work at the quarry
0:08:20 > 0:08:23'and there was little job security.
0:08:23 > 0:08:26'But worse was the slate dust the men inhaled.
0:08:26 > 0:08:30'The industry was actually more dangerous than coal mining
0:08:30 > 0:08:33'with many quarrymen dying before they even reached 50.'
0:08:34 > 0:08:37You take your mask off even for a short while
0:08:37 > 0:08:39and you can feel the dust all around.
0:08:39 > 0:08:44After a while, your mouth is dry so there's a lot of dust around.
0:08:44 > 0:08:47They were hard people back then very, very hard people.
0:08:47 > 0:08:49To do this every day, day in day out,
0:08:49 > 0:08:54summer, winter, rain, shine, they must have been tough back then.
0:08:56 > 0:08:59'At school, the children's day begins with drill.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02'The 1890 version of PE.'
0:09:02 > 0:09:04Out and in, out and in.
0:09:04 > 0:09:08And out and in, out and in.
0:09:08 > 0:09:10Forward and back, forward and back.
0:09:10 > 0:09:15Up and down, up and down and rest.
0:09:15 > 0:09:20Now then children, do you think you've worked harder on the drill?
0:09:20 > 0:09:21- ALL:- Yes, sir.
0:09:21 > 0:09:24What is the saying we have learned? All together.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27Healthy minds and healthy bodies.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31'Today, while the boys are being taught by Mr Williams,
0:09:31 > 0:09:34'the girls have a visiting teacher, Miss Jones.'
0:09:34 > 0:09:37We're going to learn life skills which you'll use
0:09:37 > 0:09:42as mothers, wives, in service perhaps.
0:09:42 > 0:09:47This is part of an old blouse that we will be cutting up
0:09:47 > 0:09:49to make our rag rugs.
0:09:49 > 0:09:52'While the girls are taught to be good wives and mothers
0:09:52 > 0:09:55'Mr Williams gives the boys the Victorian equivalent
0:09:55 > 0:09:56'of a science lesson.'
0:09:56 > 0:09:59- Brass is what?- A metal?
0:09:59 > 0:10:02It's a metal. Brass is a metal. Feel it.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05- Is it cold?- Yes, sir.- Yes.
0:10:05 > 0:10:08'In 1890, the gender divide was very real.
0:10:08 > 0:10:12'Jack and Tommy are quick to grasp the situation.
0:10:12 > 0:10:16Because the man was seen to be more important than the woman.
0:10:16 > 0:10:20- Because...- The woman wasn't really seen to be...
0:10:20 > 0:10:23The man got all the money.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26Yeah, the men got the money to feed the family.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28'Leah has a different take.'
0:10:28 > 0:10:32They say we don't do anything.
0:10:32 > 0:10:34They do all the work and everything.
0:10:34 > 0:10:38But we're all day cooking and everything.
0:10:38 > 0:10:43If they didn't have us, they'd come back from the quarry starving
0:10:43 > 0:10:46with no food and they wouldn't have nice, warm blankets
0:10:46 > 0:10:50because there'd be no-one to knit blankets or rugs
0:10:50 > 0:10:53or sew up their trousers if they ripped.
0:10:53 > 0:10:58So, ladies are actually very important in the 1890s.
0:10:58 > 0:11:03I think that's why they're more intelligent than the boys.
0:11:09 > 0:11:13'Back at the smallholding, Catrin and Alisa get a visit
0:11:13 > 0:11:16'from local farmer's wife, Margaret Davies.
0:11:16 > 0:11:20'In 1890, quarrying families lived from hand to mouth.
0:11:20 > 0:11:24'They couldn't rely on the variable income from the quarries
0:11:24 > 0:11:26'so the smallholding had to be productive.
0:11:26 > 0:11:31'Eggs, butter, cheese and cakes were sold to raise additional income.'
0:11:31 > 0:11:34- You want to sell things in the shop? - We do.
0:11:34 > 0:11:37- You need to get more money? - Yes, definitely.
0:11:37 > 0:11:41- Welshcakes? They're dead easy, really.- Yes, yeah.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45'Thrifty smallholder wives knew all there was to know about budgeting.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49'Catrin and Alisa have a lot to learn.'
0:11:49 > 0:11:51The woman's role is very important.
0:11:51 > 0:11:58We should realise we are here to bring money in to feed the family.
0:11:58 > 0:12:02- And also you pay rent, don't you? - Yes. Rent is due.
0:12:02 > 0:12:05You need to know exactly how much is coming in.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08I know the men don't tend to tell the women that much, possibly.
0:12:08 > 0:12:10Or do they not know, maybe?
0:12:10 > 0:12:13No, they said they'd struck a bargain for,
0:12:13 > 0:12:17- I'm sure it was 30 shillings. - 30 shillings?- Yes.
0:12:17 > 0:12:19We need to do the maths on that.
0:12:19 > 0:12:22They lost half a day yesterday because of the rain.
0:12:22 > 0:12:25They had to stop so they lost half a day pay.
0:12:25 > 0:12:29- Do they not get paid?- No. They did yesterday.
0:12:29 > 0:12:31I hope they did a lot of chores for you then.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33Make them help you. Why not?
0:12:33 > 0:12:35What's wrong with that?
0:12:35 > 0:12:40- That would be a good idea.- You need to know how much is coming in
0:12:40 > 0:12:43and far more important, how much is going out.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45You'll starve otherwise.
0:12:50 > 0:12:52'As the day draws to a close
0:12:52 > 0:12:56'the men begin the long walk back from the quarry.'
0:12:56 > 0:12:58After a hard day's work this bit is no fun.
0:12:58 > 0:13:02I wonder what our mother's have cooked us today?
0:13:02 > 0:13:04Something decent, I hope.
0:13:10 > 0:13:12'When they arrive back at the smallholding
0:13:12 > 0:13:15'Alisa takes Margaret's advice and ropes in her men
0:13:15 > 0:13:18'to help with the milking.
0:13:18 > 0:13:20'Mark's not altogether happy.'
0:13:20 > 0:13:25Every hour is filled with something. There's no relaxation time.
0:13:25 > 0:13:27You don't have down time.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29It must have been hard on couples as well
0:13:29 > 0:13:33because there's no time for couples to spend together
0:13:33 > 0:13:35relaxing or doing anything together.
0:13:35 > 0:13:38You're so tied up with everything else that needs to be done
0:13:38 > 0:13:42that there is no time to be a couple.
0:13:42 > 0:13:48Yeah. There were children born so there must have been some time!
0:13:51 > 0:13:54- Have we finished here? - She needs to be mucked out.
0:13:54 > 0:13:56I'll muck her our later.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02'The Braddocks's neighbour, David Jones,
0:14:02 > 0:14:06'is adamant that everyone in the family should lend a hand.'
0:14:06 > 0:14:07Good girl, good girl.
0:14:07 > 0:14:09Good girl. Stay, stay.
0:14:11 > 0:14:13I think we've all got to muck in.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16You can't be exactly as it was in 1890
0:14:16 > 0:14:20where we're expecting the wife to do everything
0:14:20 > 0:14:22after we come home from work.
0:14:22 > 0:14:23It's not fair.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27What could be better than sitting down and milking a cow?
0:14:32 > 0:14:34'When they arrived almost a week ago,
0:14:34 > 0:14:37'both families were given a small sum of money
0:14:37 > 0:14:41'enough in 1890 for very basic subsistence for one month.
0:14:41 > 0:14:45'But looming over the families is the prospect of paying the rent
0:14:45 > 0:14:47'at any moment.'
0:14:49 > 0:14:52Two pounds, seven shillings and one pence.
0:14:52 > 0:14:56We were just speaking to Margaret, the farmer's wife,
0:14:56 > 0:15:00and she was asking us, do you get paid weekly or...?
0:15:00 > 0:15:02We get paid at the end of the month.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04At the moment it's 30 shillings.
0:15:04 > 0:15:07We might get a bonus if we produce enough slate.
0:15:07 > 0:15:12The only other money we're going to get is from what we can sell.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15Yes. I need to get going on that then, don't I?
0:15:15 > 0:15:18If they come round asking for the rent we're finished.
0:15:18 > 0:15:22'The Braddocks are in the same predicament.'
0:15:22 > 0:15:25How much is actually there?
0:15:25 > 0:15:29We've got three pounds and three shillings.
0:15:29 > 0:15:33'But not all the family members appreciate they need to be prudent.
0:15:37 > 0:15:40'Well, my body needs food.
0:15:40 > 0:15:44It tells me I'm hungry so I say, "I'm hungry", and I eat food
0:15:44 > 0:15:45because my body needs it.
0:15:45 > 0:15:49My Dad doesn't understand that and he's doing my head in over it.
0:15:55 > 0:15:57COCKEREL CROWS
0:16:03 > 0:16:06Morning, piggies.
0:16:06 > 0:16:08Oh! OK.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11Are you a bit nervous I'm going to take you off to the butchers?
0:16:14 > 0:16:18'In the Jones household it's a very special day for David.'
0:16:18 > 0:16:20There's the birthday present.
0:16:21 > 0:16:23'David is 41
0:16:23 > 0:16:27'and the children have given him an embroidered handkerchief.'
0:16:31 > 0:16:32Happy birthday.
0:16:32 > 0:16:36Tell you what, I'll take the hanky to work with me today.
0:16:36 > 0:16:41I'll blow my nose. I'll blow my nose all the way to work.
0:16:45 > 0:16:46Diolch.
0:16:48 > 0:16:50Fat chance.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52Diolch am hwn.
0:16:52 > 0:16:55'The world of the smallholding was a narrow one.
0:16:55 > 0:17:00'While the men trudged the now-familiar route to the quarry
0:17:00 > 0:17:04'the women, for the first time in a week, leave their cottages.
0:17:06 > 0:17:09'Alisa and Catrin are off to buy supplies.'
0:17:09 > 0:17:11SHOP BELL RINGS
0:17:14 > 0:17:17My husband has told me not to go mad today in the shop.
0:17:17 > 0:17:21- Money's short? - Very short at the minute, yes.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23Waiting for wages to come in.
0:17:23 > 0:17:28Right, how much is a pound of the eating apples?
0:17:28 > 0:17:29Ninepence.
0:17:29 > 0:17:33'It's the women's first experience of using the old money,
0:17:33 > 0:17:35'pounds, shillings and pence.'
0:17:35 > 0:17:39How much am I up to now, Mr Evans, with my apples and flour?
0:17:39 > 0:17:42One shilling and four pence ha'penny.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44Ugh. OK.
0:17:44 > 0:17:45A penny?
0:17:45 > 0:17:48That's a penny, yes.
0:17:48 > 0:17:50How many pennies...shillings, sorry?
0:17:50 > 0:17:54- You want a shilling and four pence ha'penny.- Four pence.
0:17:54 > 0:17:57- OK.- And a ha'penny.
0:17:57 > 0:18:00- I want sweets.- I don't think I can afford that luxury
0:18:00 > 0:18:03until, maybe, the men bring in some more money.
0:18:06 > 0:18:11'Whilst Catrin is careful, Alisa can't resist the confectionary.'
0:18:11 > 0:18:14- They'll love me if I get them pear drops.- Pear drops?
0:18:14 > 0:18:17They'll be mine forever, the children. Go on, then.
0:18:17 > 0:18:19- A quarter?- Yes, please.
0:18:20 > 0:18:23Have I got enough?
0:18:23 > 0:18:25- Do you want a bit of help? - Yes, please.
0:18:25 > 0:18:27Let's see what you've got.
0:18:27 > 0:18:29'Back then there was no refrigeration
0:18:29 > 0:18:33'so shops relied on nearby farms for all their fresh produce.
0:18:33 > 0:18:37'Mr Evans the shopkeeper sees an opportunity.'
0:18:37 > 0:18:43If you do make homemade cakes we buy them here in the shop.
0:18:43 > 0:18:45- OK.- Right.
0:18:45 > 0:18:49What type of cakes are most popular, Mr Evans?
0:18:49 > 0:18:51Apple pies are popular, any fruit pies are popular.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55And like a Madeira or a fruit cake, something like that.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58- OK. Bara brith? - Bara brith, definitely, bara brith.
0:18:58 > 0:19:02- Have you got eggs on your farm? - Yes, we have, yes.
0:19:02 > 0:19:05- And you do your own butter? - Yes, we're trying.
0:19:05 > 0:19:09If you've got surplus stock we will buy some off you.
0:19:09 > 0:19:11- Right.- Aaah, of butter?
0:19:11 > 0:19:15The butter has got to be fresh, freshly churned.
0:19:15 > 0:19:19- Right.- We'll fix a price with you.
0:19:24 > 0:19:27David told me not to overdo it.
0:19:27 > 0:19:32But that's what he tells me in normal, everyday life anyway.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34He keeps shouting, 'Don't overdo it'.
0:19:34 > 0:19:39So, it's the same in 1890, unfortunately.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- Yes.- But I think I've been a good girl, hopefully.
0:19:42 > 0:19:46Yeah? There's a bit more choice in the 21st Century.
0:19:46 > 0:19:50I sort of went in and thought, O-K.
0:19:50 > 0:19:52There's not really a lot there.
0:19:57 > 0:19:59Train young minds.
0:19:59 > 0:20:03I have noticed that some of you...
0:20:03 > 0:20:07need to practice your handwriting.
0:20:07 > 0:20:10Fill the page. Fill the page.
0:20:10 > 0:20:13Train young minds.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16'At the school, the children are having a lesson
0:20:16 > 0:20:18'in Victorian penmanship.'
0:20:21 > 0:20:25I told you earlier that you have a neck for holding up your head.
0:20:25 > 0:20:29Use your arm to hold the paper steady.
0:20:29 > 0:20:33'Having a good hand would enable a child to secure a clerical job
0:20:33 > 0:20:36'and escape the quarry or domestic service.'
0:20:36 > 0:20:37Right.
0:20:41 > 0:20:47- Good. You have very neat handwriting, Leah.- Thank you, sir.
0:20:47 > 0:20:49Ah-ah-ah-ah-ah-ah.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52Up...and down.
0:20:52 > 0:20:53And then over.
0:20:53 > 0:20:58- Can you see now how to do the 'N'? - Yes, sir.- Right.
0:20:58 > 0:21:03This pen it's, it's like scratching when you...
0:21:03 > 0:21:06When you scratch the paper too much it goes everywhere.
0:21:09 > 0:21:12'The schoolmaster has news for Tommy.'
0:21:12 > 0:21:19Tommy. You are of an age to become a pupil teacher.
0:21:19 > 0:21:24I'm sure your parents will be very, very grateful
0:21:24 > 0:21:27if you could supply additional income to the household.
0:21:27 > 0:21:30I want to discuss with your parents the possibility
0:21:30 > 0:21:32of attempting to become a pupil teacher.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36'Pupil teachers were boys and girls of 13 and over, who
0:21:36 > 0:21:40'after five years of apprenticeship, could become teachers.'
0:21:40 > 0:21:46Now then, children, before long we shall be having our standard exam
0:21:46 > 0:21:51which will tell me if you are ready to go up to the next standard.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54Of course, it all depends on your ability.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57You will be assisted by Tommy.
0:21:57 > 0:22:03Therefore if you do not come up to scratch,
0:22:03 > 0:22:06I'm afraid it will be reflected in Tommy's pay.
0:22:06 > 0:22:10If the children are successful in the test,
0:22:10 > 0:22:14the end of next week, you'll be given two shillings and eightpence.
0:22:14 > 0:22:18He said I can do money out of it so I think I'll discuss it with my mum
0:22:18 > 0:22:22and, hopefully, because I want to do it,
0:22:22 > 0:22:25but whether my mum wants me to do it.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28Yeah, I like the idea.
0:22:28 > 0:22:32'With the men not due to be paid until the end of the month
0:22:32 > 0:22:35'Tommy's earning will be very welcome.'
0:22:35 > 0:22:37Mummy!
0:22:37 > 0:22:39Did you have a good day?
0:22:39 > 0:22:42- Yeah.- Oh, wow. What happened her?
0:22:42 > 0:22:47- I get to be promoted.- Oh, right. - To student teacher.
0:22:47 > 0:22:51- A student teacher? Wow. - I get to earn money.- Do you?
0:22:51 > 0:22:53Every little help, doesn't it.
0:22:54 > 0:22:58'At the Joneses, Jac is not entirely happy.'
0:22:59 > 0:23:03It is a bit unfair that, like, they've got more jobs than us.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06They've got three men in the quarry, we've got two.
0:23:06 > 0:23:10Literally, they've four jobs and we've got two jobs.
0:23:10 > 0:23:12So, it's not quite fair.
0:23:14 > 0:23:17'The families of 1890 made the most of every opportunity
0:23:17 > 0:23:20'to bring home a wage.
0:23:20 > 0:23:24'Our modern day families have agreed to live as closely as they can
0:23:24 > 0:23:26'to the experience of the smallholders.
0:23:26 > 0:23:30'But Jamie Braddock and Ben Jones have yet to realise
0:23:30 > 0:23:32'that means they too must work hard.
0:23:35 > 0:23:39'The teenagers derailed one of the quarry wagons.'
0:23:39 > 0:23:41What's the meaning of this? Come here.
0:23:41 > 0:23:43This is quarry property. Look!
0:23:43 > 0:23:46Listen lads, if there's any damage to this tramway,
0:23:46 > 0:23:49you're paying for it out of your wages.
0:23:49 > 0:23:54This is quarry property. You should be looking after this.
0:23:54 > 0:23:58Come on. This childish behaviour has got to stop now.
0:23:58 > 0:24:02Let's get back to work, lads, and stop this nonsense. Come on.
0:24:02 > 0:24:06Very good, David. Thank you for that.
0:24:07 > 0:24:12'The teenagers aren't the only thing slowing down productivity.
0:24:12 > 0:24:15'The contract the men have made with the steward
0:24:15 > 0:24:17'is turning out to be stacked against them.'
0:24:19 > 0:24:21I think we've got a very hard boss.
0:24:21 > 0:24:24He's not paying us a fair price for what we're doing.
0:24:24 > 0:24:29The money's poor. The quality of the slate is poor.
0:24:29 > 0:24:32I'm not happy but there's not a lot we can do.
0:24:32 > 0:24:34I think we'll have to renegotiate at the end of the week.
0:24:34 > 0:24:36See what we can get out of it.
0:24:36 > 0:24:39OK, boys. End of the day.
0:24:39 > 0:24:43Time to go. Make sure all the tools are in the caban.
0:24:52 > 0:24:55'As the men return to the smallholding
0:24:55 > 0:24:57'birthday boy, David Jones' mood is deflated.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00See you boys. Take care.
0:25:02 > 0:25:04It'd be nice to have a luxury.
0:25:04 > 0:25:06Nice to have a cake or a sweet or some chocolate.
0:25:06 > 0:25:09I realise we haven't got enough money for the rent at the moment
0:25:09 > 0:25:13- let alone luxuries. - Dad, Tommy gets paid for his job.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16- Tommy gets paid? - Yes, two shillings and eight pence.
0:25:16 > 0:25:18- How much, er, how often? - Every week.
0:25:18 > 0:25:21How much money do you get in the quarry, Dad?
0:25:21 > 0:25:25How much money do I get in the quarry? Not enough.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28'David's birthday hasn't been forgotten.
0:25:28 > 0:25:30'There's a celebration in the offing.
0:25:30 > 0:25:33'Local farmer, Gareth Wyn Jones, risks all
0:25:33 > 0:25:36'bringing beer to the smallholding.'
0:25:36 > 0:25:42I've carried this barrel for a mile-and-a-half. It's killing me.
0:25:42 > 0:25:45'In 1890, the majority of the smallholders
0:25:45 > 0:25:48'would have been members of the temperance society.
0:25:48 > 0:25:50'A powerful movement aimed at stamping out
0:25:50 > 0:25:52'the drinking of alcohol.'
0:25:52 > 0:25:54Is that what I think it is? I think it is.
0:25:54 > 0:25:57As long as they've been good boys. Congratulations.
0:25:57 > 0:25:59Very, very good boys.
0:25:59 > 0:26:04I had a handkerchief from the kids this morning and that was lovely
0:26:04 > 0:26:07- but I think this beats it slightly. - I don't know!
0:26:07 > 0:26:10You haven't tasted my beer yet!
0:26:10 > 0:26:14Mm! Oh, God. That's good.
0:26:15 > 0:26:18'Alcohol was seen as a threat
0:26:18 > 0:26:20'to the morality and stability of family life
0:26:20 > 0:26:22'especially amongst poor people.'
0:26:22 > 0:26:25I've never had a barrel of beer for my birthday before.
0:26:25 > 0:26:27# Penblwydd hapus...#
0:26:27 > 0:26:31'The evils of the demon drink were a constant theme of chapel sermons.
0:26:31 > 0:26:35# Penblwydd hapus i ti!#
0:26:35 > 0:26:38It's right up my street and this tastes fantastic
0:26:38 > 0:26:43but I can feel it after one of these, it's hitting already.
0:26:43 > 0:26:46It's such a nice feeling.
0:26:46 > 0:26:48Steady hands, we don't want to lose a drop.
0:26:48 > 0:26:50It's really strong.
0:26:51 > 0:26:53My head is just woozy!
0:26:53 > 0:26:55I don't think I can milk the cow after this.
0:26:55 > 0:26:59I'll be pulling on her tail going, 'What's going on, Ruth?'.
0:26:59 > 0:27:04'With the party in full swing, Jac spies someone approaching.'
0:27:04 > 0:27:06There's a fat guy in a suit here!
0:27:06 > 0:27:09The minister! I think it's the minister!
0:27:09 > 0:27:12- He's a minister.- No, it wouldn't be a minister tonight.
0:27:12 > 0:27:14- The landlord.- Come here.
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Whoa, whoa, whoa.
0:27:19 > 0:27:23'The local minister has had a tip-off
0:27:23 > 0:27:26'and decided to pay them a visit.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30'The revellers have just seconds to hide the evidence.'
0:27:30 > 0:27:32- Get rid of that, quick. - The smell!
0:27:34 > 0:27:36Don't laugh.
0:27:39 > 0:27:41- Afternoon.- Good afternoon.
0:27:41 > 0:27:45My I introduce myself. I am the Reverend Eliseus Owen.
0:27:45 > 0:27:47And you are? Mrs..?
0:27:47 > 0:27:49'They may have hidden the beer
0:27:49 > 0:27:52'but they can't hide its aroma from the reverend.'
0:27:52 > 0:27:56I am slightly...well, surprised
0:27:56 > 0:28:02to come here today and find a brew. Am I right, Mr Jones?
0:28:02 > 0:28:06No. I think what you're smelling is the bread, it's the yeast.
0:28:06 > 0:28:10Do not think for one minute as I walked into this house
0:28:10 > 0:28:14- that you could deceive me and never thinking...- But...
0:28:14 > 0:28:17..in the future you will deceive me! Do not interrupt!
0:28:17 > 0:28:19Do not be a fool before God, young man!
0:28:19 > 0:28:23You have many things to learn about the ways of this world.
0:28:23 > 0:28:25That is why I'd like to see you in chapel.
0:28:25 > 0:28:27You will learn the ways of temperance
0:28:27 > 0:28:31otherwise you will not last long in this community.
0:28:31 > 0:28:33- Good day to you.- Good day. - Good day.
0:28:38 > 0:28:43It's typical. Typical I'm having a drink and the reverend turns up.
0:28:43 > 0:28:49- But there we go. We'll have to be very polite...- Get on his right side.
0:28:49 > 0:28:51Get on the right side of him.
0:28:51 > 0:28:53We've got a lot of hard work to do.
0:28:53 > 0:28:55But there we go. There we go.
0:28:55 > 0:28:58I don't care, I feel fantastic.
0:28:58 > 0:29:03I am the minister. I hope I didn't disturb you.
0:29:05 > 0:29:06Here's to the reverend!
0:29:06 > 0:29:10'The Reverend Eliseus Owen has made quite impression.
0:29:15 > 0:29:19'It's Saturday and the families' first weekend
0:29:19 > 0:29:22'of living on their 19th Century Snowdonian smallholding.
0:29:29 > 0:29:32'Nine-year-old Jac is supposed to be helping his Mam, Catrin,
0:29:32 > 0:29:35'get ready for an important visitor.
0:29:36 > 0:29:39'Their grandmother, or Nain as the Welsh speaking Joneses call her,
0:29:39 > 0:29:42'is coming to stay.'
0:29:42 > 0:29:46I feel it's important for the house to be spick and span
0:29:46 > 0:29:47for when Nain arrives.
0:29:47 > 0:29:53I don't want her to arrive into chaos and think,
0:29:53 > 0:29:55'Oh God, what's going on here?'.
0:29:55 > 0:29:57'The men are at the quarry.
0:29:59 > 0:30:03'There's no school for the children but no escape from the toil either.'
0:30:03 > 0:30:09It's not nice. Quickly and give it a wash round it.
0:30:09 > 0:30:14It's not a nice job is it, Ela? That will be great, Jac.
0:30:14 > 0:30:16Thank-you for helping.
0:30:16 > 0:30:22It's a bit...careful with that, Jac. Don't spill it on the floor.
0:30:22 > 0:30:24Jac!
0:30:24 > 0:30:28Jac, leave it dry. I'll leave the door open.
0:30:28 > 0:30:33She's making the house tidy for Nain but I don't know why
0:30:33 > 0:30:35because it's only Nain.
0:30:35 > 0:30:39We know her and we've seen her before.
0:30:44 > 0:30:48'Finally, the cottage is looking like a 19th century show home
0:30:48 > 0:30:50'and just in time!
0:30:50 > 0:30:55'David's mother, Haulwen, has come to stay for the weekend.'
0:30:59 > 0:31:00Nain!
0:31:01 > 0:31:03Hello!
0:31:13 > 0:31:16- Hello, Jac! - Hello!
0:31:16 > 0:31:19- Are you okay? - Yes.
0:31:19 > 0:31:24- It's nice to see you. - Now, where is your kitchen?
0:31:24 > 0:31:25Well, this is it.
0:31:25 > 0:31:29- Do you want to see their room? - Yes.
0:31:29 > 0:31:33Jac can't wait to give Nain a tour of the cottage's facilities.
0:31:33 > 0:31:36Oh yes, I know what that is. Yes.
0:31:36 > 0:31:41It's very useful in the middle of the night when it's cold.
0:31:41 > 0:31:44I'm going back to my past.
0:31:44 > 0:31:47'When she was just thirteen, Haulwen's father was killed
0:31:47 > 0:31:50'in an accident at Dinorwic Quarry.'
0:31:50 > 0:31:55I think my father was the last person to be killed in that quarry.
0:31:55 > 0:32:00It was an unfortunate accident. We had a week-long court case.
0:32:00 > 0:32:02I was very young.
0:32:02 > 0:32:06I was put in the witness box, I remember.
0:32:11 > 0:32:16'70 years on and David Jones has the chance to find out
0:32:16 > 0:32:21'about life in a Welsh slate quarry and what his family went through.'
0:32:21 > 0:32:24It was harder to get compensation.
0:32:24 > 0:32:27They decided they wouldn't get anything because they took the view
0:32:27 > 0:32:30that my grandfather was somewhere he shouldn't have been.
0:32:30 > 0:32:33He just didn't have a chance.
0:32:33 > 0:32:39It must have been unbelievably hard.
0:32:39 > 0:32:43I am now getting a sense of how hard it was.
0:32:46 > 0:32:52'As the men's leader, David has to try and get a better deal for the gang.
0:32:52 > 0:32:57What we are finding is that this slate isn't good quality.
0:32:57 > 0:33:01It's hard to get the amount we need out of them.
0:33:01 > 0:33:05We'll have to see what we can get.
0:33:05 > 0:33:09'They only get paid for slates that are absolutely perfect.'
0:33:09 > 0:33:14Not great slates but stick them in piles over there.
0:33:14 > 0:33:18'But that's up to the steward to decide.'
0:33:20 > 0:33:21Passable.
0:33:24 > 0:33:27Here are some of the slates they've made this week.
0:33:27 > 0:33:31'Knowing the men want to renegotiate their terms of pay
0:33:31 > 0:33:34'the steward calls in the owner.'
0:33:34 > 0:33:37- Damaged one here, Mr Cornwallis. - I can see, yes.
0:33:37 > 0:33:42They've hidden that. They are trying to make fools out of us.
0:33:42 > 0:33:46- And again here. They are hiding some.- Yes.
0:33:46 > 0:33:49- I've set the bargain at 30 shillings.- Yes.
0:33:49 > 0:33:51But they want 35.
0:33:51 > 0:33:56I don't think there's any reason to give 35.
0:33:56 > 0:34:01'With Mr Cornwallis-West on side, it's time to confront the men.'
0:34:01 > 0:34:05Can you stand up for him, please?
0:34:05 > 0:34:07Take your hats off.
0:34:09 > 0:34:10Morning.
0:34:10 > 0:34:16Me and Mr Cornwallis-West have been out there looking at the slates
0:34:16 > 0:34:17and we are very disappointed.
0:34:17 > 0:34:21We are dealing here with very poor quality slate.
0:34:21 > 0:34:27Mick and Bob have been doing this for years and they can tell
0:34:27 > 0:34:29that we've got poor quality slate.
0:34:29 > 0:34:34We are struggling to make slates from we have been provided.
0:34:34 > 0:34:37I don't know where you get this poor quality from.
0:34:37 > 0:34:40The only poor quality is the wasted and damaged slates
0:34:40 > 0:34:42which is caused by yourselves, not the stone.
0:34:42 > 0:34:48A minimum that we should be looking at is 35 shillings.
0:34:48 > 0:34:51A lot of the problems have been self inflicted,
0:34:51 > 0:34:55lateness and damage to quarry equipment.
0:34:55 > 0:35:01It's inefficiency. Myself, I would be looking at less than 30 shillings.
0:35:01 > 0:35:03Mr Cornwallis here has the final say.
0:35:03 > 0:35:06This isn't a joke. This money is coming out of my pocket.
0:35:06 > 0:35:09I don't like throwing good money away.
0:35:09 > 0:35:14- It's 30 shillings and that's it. - Good morning, gentlemen.
0:35:14 > 0:35:16ALL: Good morning.
0:35:18 > 0:35:19That went well(!)
0:35:19 > 0:35:23'For now, the men have to accept their lot.
0:35:23 > 0:35:28'30 shillings if they produce 3000 top quality slates.'
0:35:28 > 0:35:34He could have given us five shillings more, it wouldn't have gone amiss.
0:35:37 > 0:35:41'Standing up to the boss in 1890 was a risky business.
0:35:41 > 0:35:44The quarry owner were often the smallholding's landlords.
0:35:44 > 0:35:49They had all the power and could not only sack but evict troublemakers
0:35:49 > 0:35:50and their families.
0:35:50 > 0:35:53- See you later. - See you later, Ben!
0:35:53 > 0:35:57'At least, Saturday is a half day
0:35:57 > 0:36:00'and David is soon reunited with his mother.'
0:36:00 > 0:36:03Best boy in the world.
0:36:05 > 0:36:07- Everything okay? - Yes.
0:36:07 > 0:36:11- Good to see you. - It's very good to see you.
0:36:14 > 0:36:17'The Braddocks too, have a visitor.'
0:36:19 > 0:36:23How are you? I'm William the butcher.
0:36:23 > 0:36:26'Bringing something anyone of a squeamish disposition
0:36:26 > 0:36:27'might find shocking.'
0:36:28 > 0:36:30I've got some nice lambs' heads.
0:36:30 > 0:36:36Ideal for you! They are delicious. Two pence each.
0:36:36 > 0:36:40I can't cook it, you can cook it.
0:36:40 > 0:36:43You will boil them with carrots, potatoes, onions.
0:36:43 > 0:36:49- It's good value, you wouldn't go wrong.- I can't do anything with it!
0:36:49 > 0:36:52'In 1890, they thought nothing of eating offal
0:36:52 > 0:36:56'as well as pig's trotters and sheep's heads.
0:36:56 > 0:37:01'It was a cheap source of protein that would have seen quarrying families
0:37:01 > 0:37:02'through hard times.'
0:37:02 > 0:37:06I don't believe people eat it! Disgusting!
0:37:06 > 0:37:08You wouldn't be disappointed.
0:37:08 > 0:37:14It's just not worth thinking about. It's just awful.
0:37:15 > 0:37:17'The children are inquisitive.'
0:37:17 > 0:37:22- The brain... - Is that the brain?- Yes.
0:37:22 > 0:37:28- And then bits of meat all around it. - Can you eat the tongue?- Yes.
0:37:28 > 0:37:31- Are you going to eat it? - Yes.
0:37:31 > 0:37:35- Of course you are. - No!
0:37:35 > 0:37:41I tell you what, I am going to be vegetarian after this experience!
0:37:42 > 0:37:47Thank you very much. I'll see you in a couple of days.
0:37:47 > 0:37:49That's fine! Sorry!
0:37:49 > 0:37:53'The Braddocks decide to take a couple of heads.'
0:37:53 > 0:37:59When you buy at a butcher's, you see meat not a body part.
0:37:59 > 0:38:03- When you see it's a head, can't you? - Yes.
0:38:03 > 0:38:05It's a bit more grotesque.
0:38:05 > 0:38:10'There's no escape from William's budget butchery for the Joneses.'
0:38:10 > 0:38:11- Good afternoon.- Come in.
0:38:11 > 0:38:15- Please to meet you, William. - Please to meet you.
0:38:21 > 0:38:22Ideal!
0:38:28 > 0:38:33'Eleven-year-old Ela, a vegetarian, makes a swift exit.'
0:38:33 > 0:38:38It's cruel to kill animals but it's there. I can't change their minds.
0:38:38 > 0:38:45So, yeah, as long as I am not there to see it, I'm fine.
0:39:12 > 0:39:16'The Joneses take two of William's offerings.'
0:39:16 > 0:39:20Could you take off the eyes for me? I don't fancy that job.
0:39:20 > 0:39:23Yes and I'll split them for you.
0:39:23 > 0:39:26Thank you. Hope you enjoy them.
0:39:26 > 0:39:32'For smallholding families, there was no such thing as the weekend
0:39:32 > 0:39:37'there was work to be done seven days a week.'
0:39:37 > 0:39:40Tomorrow, everyone will attend chapel,
0:39:40 > 0:39:44'and in 1890, cleanliness was next to Godliness.'
0:39:44 > 0:39:47There's a reason why I've got no top on at the moment.
0:39:47 > 0:39:52I am trying to get air into my body, I smell.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56- And he does like to pose! - No, honestly!
0:39:58 > 0:40:03'So now, The arduous task of preparing baths begins.
0:40:03 > 0:40:07'They have to carry all the water and boil it up on the range.
0:40:07 > 0:40:10'Then there was the sharing of the bath water,
0:40:10 > 0:40:15'The younger Joneses have already been in, now it's David's turn.'
0:40:15 > 0:40:21Why, when I am head of the house, did you get a bath before me?
0:40:21 > 0:40:24Jac, don't!
0:40:24 > 0:40:28'Bath time is fun for some, not for David.'
0:40:28 > 0:40:32No wonder people only had a bath once a week.
0:40:32 > 0:40:36- What's the matter? - The towel's in the bath!
0:40:36 > 0:40:39- Sorry!- Silly David!
0:40:39 > 0:40:42Give her some air tonight.
0:40:42 > 0:40:46Let's see yours!
0:40:46 > 0:40:48Cold! Dirty!
0:40:48 > 0:40:52How many times did you have to fill that?
0:40:52 > 0:40:56It's great. I'm having fun! We must do this again.
0:40:59 > 0:41:02Move towards the fire.
0:41:05 > 0:41:09'Unlucky Ben is the last in.
0:41:09 > 0:41:15My feet feel nice but the thought of what else has been in there
0:41:15 > 0:41:19does not make it feel as nice.
0:41:22 > 0:41:25Let's see your teeth!
0:41:33 > 0:41:37'It's Sunday morning, the first time in six days when the men
0:41:37 > 0:41:40'have a day off from the quarry.
0:41:40 > 0:41:43'There's no chance for a lie-in. Chapel beckons.
0:41:43 > 0:41:47I just can't get out of bed. It's too cold.
0:41:47 > 0:41:51It's too comfy a bed. But I've got to.
0:41:51 > 0:41:53'The weather has taken a turn for the worse
0:41:53 > 0:41:57'and the temperature has plummeted.
0:41:57 > 0:42:00'Ben Jones is looking forward to Sunday 1890 style.'
0:42:00 > 0:42:05I'm going to chapel. Better than being in that slate mine.
0:42:05 > 0:42:07I'm quite looking forward.
0:42:07 > 0:42:11The minister seems to be a bit of a character.
0:42:11 > 0:42:16Me and Jamie will get a few giggles going in the back.
0:42:20 > 0:42:23'The smallholding community was tight knit
0:42:23 > 0:42:27'with neighbours relying heavily on each other.
0:42:27 > 0:42:31'Local poacher, Llywarch, pays the families a visit.'
0:42:33 > 0:42:35- Hello! - Hello! How are you.
0:42:35 > 0:42:36Fine, thanks.
0:42:36 > 0:42:41Friends of yours at work have seen some of my friends
0:42:41 > 0:42:45- and saying you've been hard up. - Really!
0:42:45 > 0:42:48- We've struggled. - They asked me if I could help.
0:42:48 > 0:42:53I have a fishing rod for you so you can gets some fish.
0:42:53 > 0:42:59If you hang it for a few days. Put it on the chair?
0:43:00 > 0:43:03- That would be lovely. - Gorgeous feathers.
0:43:03 > 0:43:08- Will we get into trouble for this? - Well, yes, really.
0:43:08 > 0:43:11Because the estate think they own everything.
0:43:11 > 0:43:13- We could be out on our ear. - Well, yes.
0:43:13 > 0:43:17We've got to be careful. How long have you being doing it?
0:43:17 > 0:43:20- 50 years now. - Right.
0:43:20 > 0:43:24- So you know the tricks. - Hopefully.
0:43:24 > 0:43:26- You've not been caught?- No.
0:43:26 > 0:43:30- So, you're the man to stick with. - Yes.
0:43:30 > 0:43:34That's not a problem, if it gives us more food on the table.
0:43:34 > 0:43:39Do we need to get that out of the way?
0:43:39 > 0:43:44Well, there's a lake behind you here, 20 minutes' walk.
0:43:44 > 0:43:50That's on common land. That's out of the reach of the landlords.
0:43:50 > 0:43:54- I'll see you when the weather's a bit better.- OK.
0:43:54 > 0:43:56We'll see you later.
0:43:56 > 0:44:00'Despite the threat of eviction, with supplies low,
0:44:00 > 0:44:02'the prospect of free meat is tempting.
0:44:17 > 0:44:21'Out in the fields, Tommy and Jordan check their animals.
0:44:21 > 0:44:24'As well as cows, chickens and geese,
0:44:24 > 0:44:28'each family has a six strong flock of Welsh mountain sheep
0:44:28 > 0:44:30'that are about to lamb.'
0:44:30 > 0:44:36- Is she one of ours or the Joneses? - One of the ours I think.
0:44:37 > 0:44:41- It looks like it's dead.- Yeah!
0:44:41 > 0:44:44Probably the lamb inside it is as well.
0:44:44 > 0:44:51We'll go and speak to Mark now and get him to come and have a look
0:44:51 > 0:44:53and see what he can do.
0:44:54 > 0:44:58'In the chill of the morning, Mark and Jamie take a look.
0:44:58 > 0:45:00Don't worry! Oh, great.
0:45:09 > 0:45:12Don't look like she's had any problems lambing either.
0:45:12 > 0:45:15It doesn't look like anything's happening there.
0:45:15 > 0:45:18Shame! She was due to lamb!
0:45:18 > 0:45:23'For the 1890 smallholder, losing a sheep, a source of food and income,
0:45:23 > 0:45:25would have been a serious blow.'
0:45:34 > 0:45:36< Where are the things for the cufflinks?
0:45:37 > 0:45:39'Everyone is running late
0:45:39 > 0:45:44and there's a scramble to get into their Sunday best clothes.
0:45:50 > 0:45:53I'm getting dressed for chapel.
0:45:53 > 0:45:57I think we are going to sing.
0:45:58 > 0:46:04I think after we are going to Sunday school, the kids.
0:46:04 > 0:46:07I think we're going to Sunday school.
0:46:07 > 0:46:10Have a singsong, a karaoke.
0:46:16 > 0:46:18'By the mid 19th century,
0:46:18 > 0:46:22'Wales was effectively a non-conformist country.
0:46:22 > 0:46:26'For the quarrying families, who endured a hand to mouth existence
0:46:26 > 0:46:29'in the harsh conditions of the smallholdings,
0:46:29 > 0:46:31'their religion sustained them.
0:46:36 > 0:46:40'After a week of relative isolation, Alisa Braddock is keen
0:46:40 > 0:46:42to meet the other chapel-goers.
0:46:43 > 0:46:48It's really great to get out and get together. It's like a party
0:46:48 > 0:46:50but without the alcohol!
0:46:50 > 0:46:56The alcohol, I really could do with a bottle of wine tonight!
0:46:58 > 0:47:00MUSIC
0:47:10 > 0:47:15'At the non-conformist chapel, much of the service is in Welsh
0:47:15 > 0:47:18so the Braddocks are struggling.
0:47:22 > 0:47:27Who taught us as we pray, as we pray together.
0:47:27 > 0:47:31Ein Tad, yr hwn wyt yn y nefoedd sancteiddied dy enw.
0:47:31 > 0:47:35'In 1890, the service would have been in Welsh.
0:47:43 > 0:47:48And as we welcome new families to our midst,
0:47:48 > 0:47:52I would want you to feel part of this community.
0:47:52 > 0:47:54But let us consider our duties.
0:47:54 > 0:47:58'Chapel was central to the lives of the quarrying families
0:47:58 > 0:48:01'and the minister was seen as their community leader.'
0:48:01 > 0:48:06We all have a responsibility to one another in Christ.
0:48:06 > 0:48:10We cannot get through the desert...
0:48:10 > 0:48:13'But the words of the Reverend Eliseus Owen
0:48:13 > 0:48:19'are lost on the 21st-century families.'
0:48:19 > 0:48:23Now, brothers and sisters, I will invite Mr Evans
0:48:23 > 0:48:26to give us the notices for the week.
0:48:31 > 0:48:34We have sad news this week,
0:48:34 > 0:48:38due to a tragic accident at the local quarry.
0:48:38 > 0:48:45Please be upstanding in memory of Mr William Roberts
0:48:45 > 0:48:49of Rhos Uchaf in this community.
0:48:55 > 0:48:57Oh Lord, our heavenly father...
0:48:57 > 0:49:02'When men were killed quarrying, there was no social security
0:49:02 > 0:49:07'so it fell on the community to help and support bereaved families.
0:49:07 > 0:49:12'For Haulwen, the announcement stirs memories of her father's death.'
0:49:12 > 0:49:16And all that he achieved in this life, Amen.
0:49:16 > 0:49:17ALL: Amen.
0:49:17 > 0:49:23'The children stay behind for Sunday school while the parents return home.'
0:49:27 > 0:49:33That I have said so much, 'My father was killed in the quarry.'
0:49:33 > 0:49:39He did. Him saying that, it was as if that saying belonged to me.
0:49:39 > 0:49:45Yes, that did hurt when he said that.
0:49:45 > 0:49:48- All right? - Yes, fine, dear.
0:50:04 > 0:50:06Welcome to Sunday school.
0:50:06 > 0:50:10My name is Miss Roberts and I'll be your teacher.
0:50:10 > 0:50:13'Along with the children, the teenagers must also endure
0:50:13 > 0:50:16'an extra hour of religious instruction.'
0:50:16 > 0:50:20I want to look at the seventh commandment.
0:50:20 > 0:50:24- Thou shall not commit adultery. - Adultery!
0:50:24 > 0:50:28What are the sins forbidden by this commandment?
0:50:28 > 0:50:30Filthy lusts in the mind.
0:50:30 > 0:50:32Any of you got a girlfriend?
0:50:32 > 0:50:35Jordan has a girlfriend.
0:50:35 > 0:50:37- Jordan, you've a girlfriend? - Yes.
0:50:37 > 0:50:40- Ben? - Not at this prior moment, no.
0:50:40 > 0:50:43- What about yourself? - No, I'm single.
0:50:43 > 0:50:46I noticed you were a Miss!
0:50:47 > 0:50:50Excuse me, I do hope you remember where you are.
0:50:50 > 0:50:53You're in the house of God.
0:50:53 > 0:50:55'Joking apart, Jamie's disappointed
0:50:55 > 0:50:58the chapel didn't attract any potential female companions.'
0:50:58 > 0:51:05I did hope a little bit that they'd be some girls about.
0:51:05 > 0:51:09But they are either young or old, there's nothing in between.
0:51:09 > 0:51:12I don't know how people got married.
0:51:12 > 0:51:16- It was boring, wasn't it? - It was quite boring.
0:51:17 > 0:51:22Singing in Welsh. Might as well be in Chinese. Couldn't read it.
0:51:30 > 0:51:36'At the smallholding, Alisa and Mark are home alone.
0:51:36 > 0:51:40Just got back from chapel and I feel all cleansed.
0:51:40 > 0:51:45But I also feel that I want to be naughty.
0:51:48 > 0:51:50Erm, it's quite nice actually.
0:51:50 > 0:51:54I've just said to Mark, "Gosh, we haven't got no children."
0:51:54 > 0:51:57- I know.- What are we going to do with ourselves?
0:51:57 > 0:52:01- Clean up. - I had other things in mind.
0:52:01 > 0:52:03But we'll probably clean up, yeah.
0:52:08 > 0:52:12'Chapels seems to have a sobering effect on Mark
0:52:12 > 0:52:17and unlike Alisa, his mind is on Victorian values.'
0:52:17 > 0:52:22With regards to temperance, I'm not 100% sure what it means.
0:52:22 > 0:52:28I think it's some sort of abstinence from alcohol.
0:52:30 > 0:52:32No, not from rudies.
0:52:32 > 0:52:35You think we've got to refrain from sex.
0:52:35 > 0:52:37I think it's abstinence from everything.
0:52:37 > 0:52:39Including rudies?
0:52:39 > 0:52:45Yep, and drinking and anything that's not Godly.
0:52:49 > 0:52:54'But even the Victorians allowed themselves a little pleasure.
0:52:54 > 0:52:58'The temperance movement was only about the evils of drink.
0:52:58 > 0:53:02'The families return to the chapel for evening service.
0:53:02 > 0:53:06'The adults are being asked to make a public declaration
0:53:06 > 0:53:10'that they will give up alcohol and sign what was know as the pledge.
0:53:10 > 0:53:14'In 1890 Wales, alcohol was seen as a threat to the morality
0:53:14 > 0:53:19'and stability of family life especially amongst poorer people.'
0:53:19 > 0:53:23I am sure I have no need to remind you
0:53:23 > 0:53:29that we welcome at all times those who with a ready conscious
0:53:29 > 0:53:31come forward to sign the pledge.
0:53:31 > 0:53:38I shall be viewing with interest how many of you will come forward.
0:53:38 > 0:53:42Are there anyone prepared to come forward this evening?
0:53:42 > 0:53:45Would you like to come forward? Welcome.
0:53:45 > 0:53:50'It's an easy decision for Mark to stand up and be counted.
0:53:50 > 0:53:51'He doesn't drink.'
0:53:51 > 0:53:55Thank you, brother. Thank you very much.
0:53:55 > 0:53:57Anybody else?
0:53:57 > 0:54:00'David, avid ale drinker, is next.
0:54:00 > 0:54:06'As newcomers, the families are under scrutiny.'
0:54:07 > 0:54:10And who else will come tonight?
0:54:10 > 0:54:14'Catrin also follows and signs...'
0:54:14 > 0:54:19This is a very welcome gesture on your first visit.
0:54:19 > 0:54:21'..Leaving only Alisa.
0:54:21 > 0:54:26'Those who didn't sign the pledge were looked down upon by the rest of the community.
0:54:26 > 0:54:28'Alisa is taking a risk.'
0:54:28 > 0:54:31- Have you signed the pledge? - Yes.- Delighted.
0:54:31 > 0:54:34- Very good sermon, Mr Owen. - My privilege.
0:54:34 > 0:54:37I hope you're settling in our community.
0:54:37 > 0:54:45I didn't sign Temperance because I could never go without alcohol.
0:54:45 > 0:54:46That's basically why!
0:54:46 > 0:54:50But also I grew up in church.
0:54:50 > 0:54:55I didn't want to sign something when in the eyes of the Lord
0:54:55 > 0:54:58when I knew that I wouldn't keep to it.
0:54:58 > 0:55:03To me, even though we are living in the 1890s,
0:55:03 > 0:55:09I've got to go back to my life in 2010 and I'll never live it down!
0:55:09 > 0:55:12These lot, on the other hand, they have got to live with it.
0:55:17 > 0:55:21'The families have experienced a full week of smallholding life.
0:55:21 > 0:55:24'David Jones is in reflective mood.'
0:55:24 > 0:55:29It's an experience I would recommend to anybody.
0:55:29 > 0:55:35If I could use words, desperation, deflation, elation,
0:55:35 > 0:55:37all the ations!
0:55:37 > 0:55:43Joy, I don't know!
0:55:43 > 0:55:46I find myself being more emotional here.
0:55:46 > 0:55:51Certain things make me want to cry.
0:55:51 > 0:55:54I've only cried once when I had a letter off my mum.
0:55:54 > 0:55:59I'll be blubbing towards the end, which is sad for a grown man.
0:55:59 > 0:56:03I think I will do that, definitely.
0:56:03 > 0:56:09'It's time for Sunday dinner. On the menu, sheep heads with vegetables.
0:56:10 > 0:56:14'At the Braddocks, they've thrown out the meat in disgust
0:56:14 > 0:56:17'leaving slim pickings for their main course.'
0:56:17 > 0:56:23- Boiled veg.- We had non-cooked veg!
0:56:23 > 0:56:28To be honest, a cup of tea fills me up!
0:56:28 > 0:56:29We are filling up on tea.
0:56:29 > 0:56:35I didn't sign Temperance, I've got ale. I stuck to my word.
0:56:38 > 0:56:42'The sheep head stew may have defeated the Braddocks
0:56:42 > 0:56:44'but at least the Joneses are game.'
0:56:44 > 0:56:50Grandma told me there was no eyes or bones in it, just pure lamb meat.
0:56:51 > 0:56:52I thought, why not?
0:56:52 > 0:56:56I don't know whether there are any bones.
0:56:56 > 0:57:00It smells good. It smells good.
0:57:00 > 0:57:02Oh, God!
0:57:06 > 0:57:10It doesn't taste like meat, it's like liver.
0:57:11 > 0:57:16'This budget dish was common fare for the quarrying family of 1890.
0:57:16 > 0:57:21- There you are! Needs must! - Nice.
0:57:21 > 0:57:24It just tastes like lobscouse doesn't it?
0:57:24 > 0:57:29- It's very similar, isn't it? - Very similar, yes.
0:57:29 > 0:57:31It could turn you veggie!
0:57:31 > 0:57:35I'm so hungry, I could a eat rotting badger!
0:57:35 > 0:57:37Dave!
0:57:37 > 0:57:41There you are, dear! OK.
0:57:50 > 0:57:54I think I'll have a word with the chef!
0:57:55 > 0:58:01'Next time on Snowdonia 1890, tempers flare at a football match.'
0:58:01 > 0:58:04Concentrate or you won't play properly.
0:58:04 > 0:58:07'Tommy takes centre stage.'
0:58:07 > 0:58:11I was nervous. I was extremely nervous.
0:58:11 > 0:58:14I've done really bad and let him down.
0:58:14 > 0:58:17'And there's trouble at the quarry.'
0:58:17 > 0:58:22There's the door, you can go now and you've lost everything.
0:58:31 > 0:58:34Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:58:34 > 0:58:37E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk