0:00:02 > 0:00:08In spring 2010, two families volunteered to go back in time.
0:00:08 > 0:00:10Bye-bye!
0:00:10 > 0:00:13The Jones's from Denbigh, North Wales
0:00:13 > 0:00:17and the Braddocks from Abergavenny, South Wales.
0:00:17 > 0:00:23Their destination - 19th Century Snowdonia and a unique way of life.
0:00:23 > 0:00:26Get them all together.
0:00:26 > 0:00:28It's getting a bit stressful now it is.
0:00:28 > 0:00:31If they come round asking for the rent we're finished.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33COW MOOS
0:00:33 > 0:00:36How do you move a cow?!
0:00:36 > 0:00:39For one month, they would face a battle for survival
0:00:39 > 0:00:43that combined both farm and quarry.
0:00:43 > 0:00:47Listen lads, if there's any damage to this tramway you're paying for it.
0:00:47 > 0:00:51A Welsh way of life long-since abandoned.
0:00:51 > 0:00:56We do not speak Welsh in school.
0:00:57 > 0:01:02I'm just trying to eat. Just in case we haven't got anything left.
0:01:02 > 0:01:05It is the hardest thing I have ever done in my life.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07Coming up -
0:01:07 > 0:01:09tensions rise at the Braddocks.
0:01:09 > 0:01:11If you give me respect, you'll get it back.
0:01:11 > 0:01:14There's a strike brewing at the quarry.
0:01:14 > 0:01:18You will not talk of unions here, I'm telling you now.
0:01:18 > 0:01:23And the families experience typical Snowdonian spring weather.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26If this lasts three or four days what are we going to do, you know,
0:01:26 > 0:01:29we're effectively marooned up here.
0:01:29 > 0:01:31We won't be able to get out and get any food.
0:02:05 > 0:02:10It's Easter Monday in 1890 and the families' third week of smallholding life.
0:02:12 > 0:02:17Today the Braddocks and the Jones's are off on a Sunday school trip in typical spring weather.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22We are looking forward to the trip because it's getting us
0:02:22 > 0:02:26out of the house, away from the routine and it's something different.
0:02:26 > 0:02:29The two downsides are firstly, you've got to go in your Sunday best
0:02:29 > 0:02:31and secondly, it's pouring with rain.
0:02:36 > 0:02:41But at the Braddocks, the rain is the least of their worries.
0:02:41 > 0:02:44- Anybody put the porridge on yet? - I've put the porridge on.
0:02:44 > 0:02:47INDISTINCT COMMENT Are you talking to me? I don't eat it hot.
0:02:47 > 0:02:51- WOMAN LAUGHS - You are really conscious now of saying anything to him.
0:02:51 > 0:02:53Oh, he's a...
0:02:53 > 0:02:57You can see how much respect my son has got for me.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02Over the last few days tensions have been mounting,
0:03:02 > 0:03:06with Jamie accused of eating the family out of house and home and not pulling his weight.
0:03:06 > 0:03:08Respect. You lack it completely.
0:03:08 > 0:03:11Dad, I don't do that to you every day at all.
0:03:11 > 0:03:12You've got to give respect, right?
0:03:12 > 0:03:14If you give me respect you'll get it back.
0:03:14 > 0:03:18Never once would I even have dreamt of saying that to my father. Once.
0:03:18 > 0:03:22But, Dad, you just keep digging at me all the time.
0:03:22 > 0:03:24You've just got no respect whatsoever, Jamie.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27- I've got respect, Dad. - No, you haven't.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30- My dad hates me so, um... - I do not at all.
0:03:30 > 0:03:35That's what it feels like, that Dad doesn't like spending much time with me.
0:03:35 > 0:03:40In Victorian times, children had to obey their parents' strict rules
0:03:40 > 0:03:45but for some members of the Braddock family conforming is proving difficult.
0:03:45 > 0:03:47With Alisa and myself, Tommy, Leah,
0:03:47 > 0:03:52we live together on a day to day basis, we live together all the time so we're used to each other,
0:03:52 > 0:03:56we get on absolutely fine, and Jordan lives with his Nan
0:03:56 > 0:04:00and Jamie lives in his own house in Cardiff because Jamie's in university.
0:04:00 > 0:04:05So there's been a lot of, um, not so much discipline, it's not discipline,
0:04:05 > 0:04:09but there's been a lot of, we're not used to each others ways, we're not used to you know,
0:04:09 > 0:04:12obviously Alisa and myself know the children
0:04:12 > 0:04:16but Jamie's 19, he's nearly 20, so he's an adult now,
0:04:16 > 0:04:19so he's not used to being told what to do and you can't have something.
0:04:19 > 0:04:23With the food, if it's there he'll just eat it, but we're trying to explain to him
0:04:23 > 0:04:25that that has to last the rest of the week.
0:04:25 > 0:04:27He had a bit of difficulty grasping that.
0:04:29 > 0:04:32I'm a fairly big eater.
0:04:32 > 0:04:37I enjoy food, I like vegetables, I like meat, I like fruit,
0:04:37 > 0:04:41I like anything and everything I can get my hands on. I like to eat.
0:04:41 > 0:04:46I just enjoy food and that's what I found a real struggle because
0:04:46 > 0:04:51all you eat is breakfast and then a small lunch and then your tea.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54When you need a snack there is nothing to snack on.
0:04:54 > 0:04:56That's what I found really difficult.
0:04:56 > 0:05:01Over at the Jones's, David is taking a light-hearted approach to parenting.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04It's not going to work, whatever you do with that shirt.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06- Why have they given me this shirt then?- It won't work.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09Put your white shirt on.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12Look up the word wazzock in the dictionary, the description is Ben.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14A Ben aka a wazzock.
0:05:14 > 0:05:18Wazzock is not in the dictionary.
0:05:19 > 0:05:21Hi. Nice to see you.
0:05:21 > 0:05:25There will be one more person joining their day out.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29David's mother Heulwen is here to spend the day with her family.
0:05:31 > 0:05:36With any differences being set aside along with their money worries,
0:05:36 > 0:05:43the families have decided to brave the weather for a traditional, if a little soggy, Easter outing.
0:05:43 > 0:05:45HORN BLARES
0:05:45 > 0:05:48The Sunday school has planned a community picnic
0:05:48 > 0:05:50deep in the Snowdonia mountains
0:05:50 > 0:05:54and David is already enjoying himself, despite the weather.
0:05:54 > 0:05:57I'm looking forward to perhaps a bit of a treat if we can.
0:05:57 > 0:06:00A nice cream tea wouldn't go amiss, some scones,
0:06:00 > 0:06:04- some clotted cream and a cup of tea with some jam, that would be lovely.- Very nice.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08We might see if the minister will treat us all to a nice cream tea.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12The families will be travelling by train,
0:06:12 > 0:06:17the main mode of transport in the 1890s.
0:06:21 > 0:06:25The railway lines in north Wales were built mainly to transport slate
0:06:25 > 0:06:27to England and the rest of the world,
0:06:27 > 0:06:31but there was also a burgeoning tourist industry
0:06:31 > 0:06:37with trains transporting paying passengers to a whole new world of leisure.
0:06:37 > 0:06:40THEY SING
0:06:40 > 0:06:44The families kick off their big day out with their favourite hymn.
0:06:44 > 0:06:48The only problem is they are nearly 20 years out.
0:06:48 > 0:06:51# Praise of heaven
0:06:51 > 0:06:53# Praise of heaven... #
0:06:53 > 0:06:56The tune that we all recognise today as Cym Rhondda
0:06:56 > 0:07:01wasn't composed until 1907, but they won't let that dampen their spirits.
0:07:01 > 0:07:06# ..Evermore. #
0:07:13 > 0:07:17An overcast picnic may not seem much fun by today's standards
0:07:17 > 0:07:23but the 1890 world was one of restricted horizons and small pleasures
0:07:23 > 0:07:26with a Sunday school trip offering their only chance to escape.
0:07:28 > 0:07:31Families would have looked forward to this the whole year.
0:07:34 > 0:07:38Well, my friends, even though I am a minister of the faith
0:07:38 > 0:07:40I cannot always control the weather
0:07:40 > 0:07:46so I'm afraid we might be better going back towards the station to find some shelter.
0:07:46 > 0:07:49So I think we'd better go back up to the train.
0:07:49 > 0:07:50Thank you, my friends.
0:07:55 > 0:08:01It's a washout and their dreams of a nice day away from the smallholding are over.
0:08:03 > 0:08:04We nearly escaped.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07We nearly got away from their for the day, didn't we?
0:08:07 > 0:08:09- Yeah.- But to no avail.
0:08:09 > 0:08:12- We went for a bit of time out. - A couple of hours.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14I'm trying to stay optimistic.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16It was a waste of money, wasn't it?
0:08:16 > 0:08:19Oh. We haven't paid yet.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32BOY: Can we have some food?
0:08:32 > 0:08:34That's for Jac, Tommy.
0:08:34 > 0:08:36They have their picnic on the train.
0:08:36 > 0:08:39At least we're inside eating.
0:08:39 > 0:08:44But Ben and Jamie are still not impressed.
0:08:44 > 0:08:46I feel sorry for the people back in 1890.
0:08:46 > 0:08:50I don't want to live this life any more, I want to go back to my own life.
0:08:50 > 0:08:52My feet are cold, my hands are cold...
0:08:53 > 0:08:56We get to go back to a cold house.
0:08:56 > 0:08:58It's just a rubbish day all round.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01I feel sorry, if this is the highlight of 1890
0:09:01 > 0:09:05yeah, then I'd rather be a day in the quarry to this, to be honest.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08It's pointless for what it's worth.
0:09:16 > 0:09:22Back in 1890, train travel would normally be the reserve of the more well-to-do.
0:09:22 > 0:09:26This trip will cost the equivalent of a month's wage at the quarry
0:09:26 > 0:09:31and for the families the penny has just dropped.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34- This trip would cost you well over £1,000.- Yeah.
0:09:34 > 0:09:38- That is expensive.- If you worked it out that way.- An expensive trip.
0:09:38 > 0:09:40Our day out would cost you the equivalent of £1,000.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42So that's one hell of a day trip, isn't it?
0:09:42 > 0:09:44Oh, I want my money back!
0:09:44 > 0:09:48That would be the equivalent of taking us all to London
0:09:48 > 0:09:51and having cream tea at the Ritz, wouldn't it?
0:09:51 > 0:09:53Yeah.
0:09:53 > 0:09:56And the champagne.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58On the Orient Express.
0:10:05 > 0:10:11Back home and the families get the fires going again so they can at least dry out.
0:10:11 > 0:10:15This is going to take about two or three hours to get warm enough that you can even cook on it.
0:10:15 > 0:10:19We've been in now about 20 minutes and you can't even boil a kettle.
0:10:19 > 0:10:24Pointless exercise. Yesterday I was actually saying not to go.
0:10:26 > 0:10:28And I just feel like I've chucked money down the drain.
0:10:28 > 0:10:33The Jones's, however, try to make the most of what's left of their day with Heulwen.
0:10:33 > 0:10:37Even though it was a bit horrible and eugh and not the nicest day,
0:10:37 > 0:10:41we then came home and my mum was here, she has been here today with us
0:10:41 > 0:10:45and she told us stories about the old time and that was really good, that was nice.
0:10:45 > 0:10:47It was a good day.
0:10:50 > 0:10:53- Men then were always working in the evening, always.- Yeah?
0:10:53 > 0:10:58- They came home, had their tea, which was called "swper chwarel".- Yeah?
0:10:58 > 0:11:01And then they used to sit down, have their tea, and then they'd go out.
0:11:01 > 0:11:05Did most of the men work in the quarry, then? Most of them anyway?
0:11:05 > 0:11:08Not my family. Clopin didn't because he had a farm.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10- No, no. From the village. - Oh, yes, yes.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12Most everybody in the area you know.
0:11:12 > 0:11:14- Yeah. - Only dad went to the quarry to work.
0:11:14 > 0:11:20It's been really nice having Nan about today.
0:11:20 > 0:11:23We've had a really long chat to her,
0:11:23 > 0:11:27asking her about her childhood
0:11:27 > 0:11:32and that's like the first time we've ever sat down and asked her these things
0:11:32 > 0:11:36which is really embarrassing, really, to have to admit that.
0:11:36 > 0:11:39You've done a stitch wrong, I think.
0:11:39 > 0:11:41I'll undo it for you.
0:11:41 > 0:11:46She has always been an important part of the Jones's extended family,
0:11:46 > 0:11:49helping out with the children and the chores,
0:11:49 > 0:11:55but their busy lives in 2010 don't often allow them to spend quality time together.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58OK, be good.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00- By Heulwen.- Bye-bye, sweetheart.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02- Bye-bye.- I will see you.
0:12:02 > 0:12:04Bye-bye, see you at the weekend, OK?
0:12:04 > 0:12:07- Bye-bye, Heulwen, behave.- Bye!
0:12:10 > 0:12:11- Look after yourself.- OK.
0:12:11 > 0:12:16I hope it will be slightly warmer when you come back. All right.
0:12:16 > 0:12:18- Ta-ra.- See you, Mam, take care.
0:12:18 > 0:12:20See you.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33As the sun sets on the Easter weekend
0:12:33 > 0:12:39- the Braddocks are left counting the cost of all the festivities.- Um...
0:12:39 > 0:12:41We're struggling a bit, aren't we?
0:12:41 > 0:12:44Well, we're just cutting it fine, that's all, but we can do it.
0:12:44 > 0:12:47We've got nothing left if anything crops up.
0:12:47 > 0:12:50Well, I can bake, I don't think that costs much to do.
0:12:50 > 0:12:54What if one of the animals gets ill or something?
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- Or one of us gets ill and you've got to pay to see the doctor, cos you'd have to pay,- Mmm.
0:12:59 > 0:13:02Should have put money by for a rainy day.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06- That's what I'm saying, we can't... - But every day is a rainy day. - We've got no fallback fund, have we?
0:13:06 > 0:13:08We're doomed!
0:13:08 > 0:13:10We're doomed.
0:13:13 > 0:13:15How much is that now?
0:13:24 > 0:13:28Next morning brings typical spring weather for Snowdonia.
0:13:31 > 0:13:35The Jones's and the Braddocks have to struggle with life in a cold climate.
0:13:38 > 0:13:42Well, we've got up this morning to a winter wonderland.
0:13:42 > 0:13:46It's quite deep in places, it's about sort of a foot deep in some places
0:13:46 > 0:13:48but because it's farming, you can't stop,
0:13:48 > 0:13:52you can't just look out the window and say, "It's snowing, I won't bother to do anything today."
0:13:52 > 0:13:56You've still got to feed the animals, muck out the stables,
0:13:56 > 0:14:00you're still busy, you've got all the same jobs to do as you do any other day.
0:14:00 > 0:14:03The snow doesn't make any difference when you're farming.
0:14:06 > 0:14:11At 900 feet above sea level, the weather here can change very quickly
0:14:11 > 0:14:15and it's not unusual to have snow at this time of year.
0:14:18 > 0:14:25Until it clears, the quarry is shut and the men won't be able to work.
0:14:25 > 0:14:28It's going to have a knock on effect to the extent that we potentially could lose
0:14:28 > 0:14:33a lot of money, and I'm worried that if this lasts three or four days, what we're going to do.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37You know, we're effectively marooned up here
0:14:37 > 0:14:40and find ourselves at the end of the week, short of food.
0:14:40 > 0:14:44CHILDREN SQUEAL AND LAUGH
0:14:45 > 0:14:50It's also a day off from school for the kids and they are making the most of it.
0:14:55 > 0:14:59I'm going out. I may be gone some time.
0:14:59 > 0:15:03I'm just going to check the tent pegs, if I don't come back.
0:15:06 > 0:15:11Despite the snow, David Jones has to do all the chores today
0:15:11 > 0:15:15because Catrin has a small cut that has become infected.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19Oh, sore finger, very sore finger.
0:15:19 > 0:15:23I haven't slept a wink last night because it was just throbbing,
0:15:23 > 0:15:24it's very painful.
0:15:25 > 0:15:29Healthcare was expensive in Victorian times
0:15:29 > 0:15:34so ordinary families often had to make do with some home treatments.
0:15:34 > 0:15:36SHE MOANS
0:15:36 > 0:15:37Jac!
0:15:37 > 0:15:42Eugh! Green yucky juice.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46That was cool.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51Over at the Braddocks they are chilling out.
0:15:51 > 0:15:58Supplies here are running low but Alisa has decided to make some toffee as a treat.
0:15:58 > 0:15:59It's really nice.
0:15:59 > 0:16:02Very nice!
0:16:02 > 0:16:06But their cosy morning is about to be disturbed.
0:16:10 > 0:16:16Mr Hardy, the landlord's agent, has battled the elements to pay them a surprise visit.
0:16:18 > 0:16:21- Morning.- Come in.
0:16:21 > 0:16:23- You well?- Yes, fine, thank you.
0:16:23 > 0:16:26Good, good.
0:16:26 > 0:16:31I just thought I'd call just to make an inspection as it is under the tenancy agreement.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35- Can I just have a quick look around, then?- Yes.- OK.
0:16:35 > 0:16:37Bit of rubbish in the corner there.
0:16:37 > 0:16:39Needs a mop, doesn't it? Bit untidy.
0:16:39 > 0:16:45You know the agreement says that you really have to be keeping the place in a tidy condition.
0:16:45 > 0:16:51The rules of the tenancy agreement were very stringent, and lazy tenants were not tolerated.
0:16:51 > 0:16:54- You know you need to keep the wall stock-proof.- Yes.
0:16:54 > 0:16:57Alisa has also been a little naughty.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01I understand from the shopkeeper you have been selling your produce in the local shop
0:17:01 > 0:17:03and there's some cakes been sold...
0:17:03 > 0:17:09So obviously under the tenancy agreement again, we should have some percentage out of that
0:17:09 > 0:17:12and that amounts to about tuppence, I think.
0:17:12 > 0:17:15- Right, OK.- So we'll need that as well before I go.
0:17:15 > 0:17:19The Braddocks have no choice but to pay up.
0:17:19 > 0:17:21But if they don't clean up their act the landlord could demand
0:17:21 > 0:17:25a full quarter's rent instead of just one month's.
0:17:25 > 0:17:28Or worse, threaten them with eviction.
0:17:28 > 0:17:33I'd like to know who tipped him off about the cakes and the poaching.
0:17:35 > 0:17:39Now it's the Jones's turn for an inspection.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42Oh, no, the landlord's arrived.
0:17:52 > 0:17:55In this area the landlord was also the quarry owner
0:17:55 > 0:17:58who paid the men's wages
0:17:58 > 0:18:02and he had control over nearly every aspect of the families' lives.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04Have a look at these walls here.
0:18:04 > 0:18:07Well, obviously in here, it just needs mopping up, doesn't it?
0:18:07 > 0:18:10And a general tidy, really.
0:18:10 > 0:18:16You know, the chamber pot is still full there so that needs emptying out.
0:18:18 > 0:18:23Dust, there's dust on here and that needs tidying up.
0:18:23 > 0:18:28It really isn't conforming to the tenancy agreement to be honest with you
0:18:28 > 0:18:32so if you could sort that out please, I would be grateful.
0:18:32 > 0:18:36The agent charges Catrin a percentage of her profits from the shop.
0:18:36 > 0:18:40A shilling and thruppence for that and sixpence for the produce.
0:18:40 > 0:18:44And issues the family with another stern warning.
0:18:44 > 0:18:48Just one other matter which is quite serious is the poaching issue
0:18:48 > 0:18:54which I've been told that you've been trying to buy rabbits from the chap who has been poaching.
0:18:54 > 0:19:00No. No. We've seen him about but obviously we have refused to buy anything off him.
0:19:00 > 0:19:05All right, well fine if that's the case, but it's a very serious thing if that's caught
0:19:05 > 0:19:10so if I come here again and if there is any evidence of any animals
0:19:10 > 0:19:13that have been bought from the poaching scenario
0:19:13 > 0:19:16then obviously I'm going to have to fine very heavily on that.
0:19:16 > 0:19:19You are welcome to check the sheds. OK.
0:19:19 > 0:19:22Nice to see you, Mr Jones, Mrs Jones, children.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26We'll see each other soon.
0:19:26 > 0:19:31The 1890 tenant had little security and David, a solicitor,
0:19:31 > 0:19:35can't believe the injustice of it all.
0:19:37 > 0:19:41You could have this place spotless, absolutely spotless.
0:19:41 > 0:19:44You'll never get a place like this spotless cos it's impossible.
0:19:44 > 0:19:48He is still going to come in and he is still going to find fault.
0:19:48 > 0:19:54It's just basically a way of getting as much money out of us as the landlord can, for doing...
0:19:54 > 0:19:56- Sweet...- FA.
0:19:56 > 0:20:00He gets all that money and we do all the hard work.
0:20:17 > 0:20:22The landlord's agent has only been gone a few hours when another visitor arrives.
0:20:22 > 0:20:26- Hello. Come on in.- And he has come to tempt the families with a very special offer.
0:20:26 > 0:20:29- Are they sort of poached fish?- Yes.
0:20:31 > 0:20:34- Because we've had the landlord's agent out today.- Oh, yes.
0:20:34 > 0:20:38- And he's warned us about buying goods that are poached.- Oh.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41So we don't really want to get in any trouble.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44- That's, as I said, it's up to you entirely.- Yeah, so...
0:20:44 > 0:20:47- The offer is there for you. - No. I know.
0:20:47 > 0:20:50It depends how much it costs really.
0:20:50 > 0:20:54- It's one shilling ten pence.- Is it tuna fish?- No, it's trout.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57Trout. We haven't got much money so we'll have to decline this time.
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- Because you know it's like, rent's due.- Oh, yes, I know.
0:21:00 > 0:21:03- Thank you anyway for the offer. - Thank you.
0:21:08 > 0:21:10- OK. Bye.- Thank you.
0:21:12 > 0:21:15It would have cost about four, five shillings.
0:21:15 > 0:21:21Mark has decided to play it safe and in Victorian times, the father always had the final say.
0:21:21 > 0:21:24I disagree with that because if everybody is contributing
0:21:24 > 0:21:28exactly the same amount financially and...
0:21:28 > 0:21:33Yeah, but just for you to have that one fish could mean the whole family gets evicted.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36- Yeah, but we wouldn't really get evicted.- So that sounds selfish,
0:21:36 > 0:21:40the whole family get evicted for one person to have a fish.
0:21:41 > 0:21:45It's a different story at the Jones's.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48If we took two, what's the best you could do for two?
0:21:48 > 0:21:50Well, knock a few pence off it.
0:21:50 > 0:21:52I'm not eating it. You are the only one eating it.
0:21:52 > 0:21:54One and three. One shilling and three pence.
0:21:54 > 0:21:56Would you take that?
0:21:56 > 0:21:58Stick one more penny on.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01No. You're going to get caught.
0:22:01 > 0:22:05We won't get caught, Els, don't worry. I'll hide it.
0:22:05 > 0:22:07Send my regards to the family.
0:22:07 > 0:22:09- I will. Thank you very much.- Yeah.
0:22:09 > 0:22:10- Keep warm.- Yes.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14And if there's ever any poaching going, you know...
0:22:14 > 0:22:17- Thank you very much. - We like a trout.- I will help.
0:22:17 > 0:22:20- Soon.- OK, thank you.- Bye.
0:22:20 > 0:22:23- Bye-bye now.- Bye now.
0:22:23 > 0:22:25Even though they are taking a risk
0:22:25 > 0:22:30the Jones's want the trout for Ela who doesn't eat meat, only fish.
0:22:30 > 0:22:35But she'll take some persuading before she'll touch it.
0:22:35 > 0:22:39We won't get caught, don't worry.
0:22:39 > 0:22:44We'll keep moving the fish around, Els, all round the house
0:22:44 > 0:22:49so the people that might know where it is, don't know where it is.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52OK? We'll hide it.
0:22:54 > 0:22:59It may be 1890, but snow always means one thing,
0:22:59 > 0:23:03it's time for a Braddocks versus Jones snowball fight.
0:23:11 > 0:23:14And the pig doesn't want to miss out on the fun either.
0:23:28 > 0:23:33This is really good to be out in the fresh air and all of us are here together
0:23:33 > 0:23:38having fun and a bit of banter between both families.
0:23:38 > 0:23:44But, of course, there's always more banter from Jamie as usual.
0:23:44 > 0:23:47Everybody hates Ronaldo in football cos he's the best and
0:23:47 > 0:23:50so that's why everybody hates me cos I'm the best at throwing snowballs.
0:23:50 > 0:23:53Shall we take him down, guys? Come on.
0:24:04 > 0:24:08Jamie has got his dues, but who will be awarded man of the match?
0:24:08 > 0:24:13I was on the sideline and I reckon that man of the match was Jac, definitely.
0:24:13 > 0:24:16- Well, done, Jac.- You've got to do a snow dive down there, Jac.
0:24:19 > 0:24:22THEY CHEER
0:24:22 > 0:24:26# For he's a jolly good fellow, for he's a jolly good fellow... #
0:24:26 > 0:24:31The families head back to prepare the evening meal.
0:24:31 > 0:24:35- Lovely butter, Mum.- Thank you, Tommy.
0:24:35 > 0:24:39Alisa has been trying hard to economise on food but the boys have
0:24:39 > 0:24:43been eating more than their share and supplies are running low.
0:24:43 > 0:24:50This is the last of the food now, last of the pork, especially.
0:24:50 > 0:24:51We've still got a bit of veg
0:24:51 > 0:24:55but the snow today, I don't think did the vegetable patch much good,
0:24:55 > 0:24:57but hopefully the veg will survive.
0:24:57 > 0:25:01Certainly the last of the meat today
0:25:01 > 0:25:05so we've got to think about something else.
0:25:05 > 0:25:12More extreme measures to try and get some meat, really.
0:25:12 > 0:25:15Besides poaching.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40Next morning the snow has started to thaw
0:25:40 > 0:25:44so it's a normal working day for all.
0:25:44 > 0:25:46After a long day in the snow yesterday
0:25:46 > 0:25:49I think we have to go back up the quarry today and basically
0:25:49 > 0:25:51just work twice as hard.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54Hopefully get the work that we missed out on yesterday
0:25:54 > 0:25:55and a few days last week
0:25:55 > 0:25:58to try and make our bargain and hopefully get paid.
0:25:58 > 0:26:02I'm not looking forward to the walk up there because it's going to be quite hard,
0:26:02 > 0:26:07because as you get a bit higher the snow hasn't started to thaw and where overnight it's quite cold,
0:26:07 > 0:26:10it's frozen now so it's quite compact and icy now,
0:26:10 > 0:26:13so it's going to be a bit of a treacherous trip I think,
0:26:13 > 0:26:16walking up over that hillside to get up to the quarry.
0:26:16 > 0:26:22Over at the Jones's there's a bit of a change to Jac's usual routine.
0:26:22 > 0:26:24Do you want to go to the quarry?
0:26:24 > 0:26:28- Yeah.- Do you want to come and see what it's like in the quarry?- Yeah.
0:26:28 > 0:26:30And see if there's any jobs for you there.
0:26:30 > 0:26:34See if we can make a bit more money, yeah? Yeah? Do you want to come?
0:26:34 > 0:26:36Do we have to go to school tomorrow?
0:26:36 > 0:26:38Well, I think you better had.
0:26:38 > 0:26:42- Let's see how you get on today... - Uh-huh.- And then we'll see about school tomorrow,
0:26:42 > 0:26:46but it's for you to have an idea cos you'll be starting work there when you're older.
0:26:46 > 0:26:50OK? So it's just for you to have an idea and Ela will just have to
0:26:50 > 0:26:54an excuse for you that you're not well or something, for the teacher.
0:26:54 > 0:26:59While Jac gets ready for his big day a letter arrives from the landlord.
0:26:59 > 0:27:01What is it? What is it?
0:27:01 > 0:27:05"Dear Mr Jones, I am currently undecided as to the rent that will be collected this month.
0:27:05 > 0:27:10"I await the report from land agent Mr Hardy as to the condition and upkeep of the tyddyn.
0:27:10 > 0:27:14"I reserve the right to demand a full quarter rent payment.
0:27:14 > 0:27:18"That sum stands as two pounds two shillings and ten pence..."
0:27:18 > 0:27:24News that the landlord could demand three months rent is a big blow to the families
0:27:24 > 0:27:27who are expecting to pay only one month.
0:27:27 > 0:27:30- This is what I think of the landlord's letter.- Hmm?
0:27:30 > 0:27:33This is what I think of the landlord's letter.
0:27:37 > 0:27:41But Alisa has got more immediate concerns.
0:27:41 > 0:27:43It's too hard.
0:27:43 > 0:27:45You've got hardly anything to take.
0:27:50 > 0:27:56I think it's been building up, when you've been watching the food get less and less and less,
0:27:56 > 0:28:01you have good days but I even know that a big lump of food in this house
0:28:01 > 0:28:05doesn't last between all the, you know, there's six of us.
0:28:07 > 0:28:09I feel dizzy.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22I can't say to them don't eat the food
0:28:22 > 0:28:27because they've got to eat the food and there's huge arguments over it.
0:28:27 > 0:28:30They've got to have it, so...
0:28:30 > 0:28:34She's just really sort of at the end of her tether really
0:28:34 > 0:28:38because obviously there's no food, now the food has sort of run out,
0:28:38 > 0:28:43and just the stresses in the family is telling on everybody, I think.
0:28:43 > 0:28:46This is hard. This is the hardest thing.
0:28:46 > 0:28:49It's the hardest thing that I've ever had to do.
0:28:49 > 0:28:52Because I've enjoyed a lot of it, I've learnt a lot
0:28:52 > 0:28:59but as time goes on, it does get more stressful and more hard work.
0:28:59 > 0:29:01So...
0:29:18 > 0:29:20OK, have a good day.
0:29:20 > 0:29:25And remember to say Jac is really ill in bed with flu.
0:29:25 > 0:29:27Just apologise to sir, OK?
0:29:27 > 0:29:29- OK.- He'll be back tomorrow.
0:29:29 > 0:29:31OK, have a good day.
0:29:31 > 0:29:33- Bye.- Bye.
0:29:37 > 0:29:44Ela has been told to lie about Jac's whereabouts to avoid a fine for truancy,
0:29:44 > 0:29:48but will she be able to hold her nerve in front of the teacher?
0:29:48 > 0:29:50Does anybody know the whereabouts of Jac?
0:29:50 > 0:29:53Jac is ill in bed, sir.
0:29:53 > 0:29:56- He's ill in bed.- He's got the flu, sir.- The flu?
0:29:56 > 0:29:59I hope that the doctor has been to see him.
0:29:59 > 0:30:02Yes, sir, he'll be back in school tomorrow, sir.
0:30:02 > 0:30:03A short-lived flu?
0:30:03 > 0:30:06Yeah. He's getting better, sir.
0:30:06 > 0:30:10Good. Good. He missed the trip unfortunately, then, did he?
0:30:10 > 0:30:13Um, no, sir, I think he got the flu from the trip. It was raining, sir.
0:30:13 > 0:30:17- I think it's probably a bad cold, isn't it, Ela?- Yes, sir.
0:30:17 > 0:30:20Probably, yes. Now, then, you may sit down.
0:30:28 > 0:30:32At the quarry, Jac is holding his own with the men.
0:30:32 > 0:30:35Well done, Jac, that's the way.
0:30:35 > 0:30:38You're showing these men how to do it already.
0:30:38 > 0:30:41I may have to sack Jamie and take you on, I think.
0:30:41 > 0:30:44Get it to bend as well, that's it. Have you got another brother?
0:30:44 > 0:30:46You can bring him.
0:30:46 > 0:30:49Get on with it, men. Come on.
0:30:49 > 0:30:55The average age for a quarry worker 120 years ago was 28
0:30:55 > 0:30:57but at the ripe old age of nine
0:30:57 > 0:31:01Jac is the perfect age to start his apprenticeship.
0:31:02 > 0:31:06What's important, Jac, is when you're cutting it
0:31:06 > 0:31:09there's a little bow, a little bend in the slate
0:31:09 > 0:31:12and you've got to make sure that you put it that way up.
0:31:16 > 0:31:22For five years Jac's job would be to clear the slate rubble and learn his trade by watching the others.
0:31:22 > 0:31:27But there's one job that he must get right from the start.
0:31:27 > 0:31:31Jac, I think the men might need a cup of tea in about ten minutes.
0:31:31 > 0:31:34- Are you going to go and put the water on?- Yes.- Come on, then.
0:31:36 > 0:31:38You carry on, men.
0:31:42 > 0:31:45The steward calls David Jones aside.
0:31:45 > 0:31:50He has a proposition for him, an offer to increase the men's wage from 30 shillings each.
0:31:50 > 0:31:56- Yes, very well, thank you.- I could possibly get 34 shillings for you, but I need something back off you.
0:31:56 > 0:32:01- What do you need back off me?- I heard that your wife, the good Mrs Jones,
0:32:01 > 0:32:05she's a good cake maker, and I like a bit of bara brith.
0:32:05 > 0:32:09- Right.- So what I want off you is a loaf for me every week now
0:32:09 > 0:32:11until the end of the month.
0:32:11 > 0:32:13OK, it's a deal.
0:32:15 > 0:32:22In 1890 it was not unknown for unscrupulous quarry stewards to accept bribes
0:32:22 > 0:32:26and smallholders to use farm produce to gain better terms.
0:32:26 > 0:32:29Back at the smallholding, Catrin is being a good neighbour.
0:32:29 > 0:32:32- KNOCK AT DOOR - Come in.
0:32:32 > 0:32:35Hi. Hello, Alisa, how are you?
0:32:35 > 0:32:37Are you OK? You look a bit down.
0:32:37 > 0:32:40I'm not too well today and I've got ulcers and things so...
0:32:40 > 0:32:44Oh, come here. You poor thing.
0:32:44 > 0:32:46- Alisa is at breaking point.
0:32:47 > 0:32:50Yes, it is a lot of pressure
0:32:50 > 0:32:52on the mothers, isn't it, you know?
0:32:52 > 0:32:55- Yes, it is. - Are you out of your ham now as well?
0:32:55 > 0:32:58Yes. That was last night, that was gone.
0:32:58 > 0:33:01Because we've still got, so maybe we can give you some of our ham.
0:33:01 > 0:33:06- Oh, I don't like to take meat off you.- No, it's fine, we're in it...
0:33:06 > 0:33:07You know, it's fine.
0:33:07 > 0:33:13If you haven't got any and we've got plenty, you have...you know, this has got to be a team effort.
0:33:13 > 0:33:16I think you're getting... you know, you're putting a lot...
0:33:16 > 0:33:19I've got more in this house, to help, and...
0:33:19 > 0:33:23- Yeah, but somebody's not pulling their weight, though, are they?- No.
0:33:23 > 0:33:30But you are, and it's...you know, you're suffering now because, you know, it's all too much.
0:33:30 > 0:33:32It's not fair, is it? On, you know...
0:33:35 > 0:33:39Catrin decides to share out some of their precious food.
0:33:42 > 0:33:46We need four tablespoons, so... We don't go through that much.
0:33:46 > 0:33:51Although the Joneses are also struggling, Catrin has managed better
0:33:51 > 0:33:56by keeping a tight rein on the food supplies and on the family's budget.
0:33:57 > 0:34:00You see, there's plenty there. You can have a...
0:34:00 > 0:34:03I could give you half of that.
0:34:03 > 0:34:06I just hope that you don't get short of anything.
0:34:06 > 0:34:11- No, don't worry. We'll have to do something between us if we do.- Yeah.
0:34:12 > 0:34:17In 2010 Alisa is a woman of independent means
0:34:17 > 0:34:21and accepting charity is a bitter pill for her to swallow.
0:34:23 > 0:34:27I feel awful, I feel absolutely awful having food off her.
0:34:27 > 0:34:30She can see I'm really grateful, I...
0:34:30 > 0:34:35It's really very neighbourly, very nice of her
0:34:35 > 0:34:41to give me some of her food, because obviously she needs her food as well.
0:34:41 > 0:34:45So, yeah, she's been very, very generous.
0:34:45 > 0:34:53I can't ever remember having a friend like Catrin, I've got to be honest...
0:34:53 > 0:34:55because I...um...
0:34:56 > 0:35:03I've never really had a really good friend so, um...you know, I've got people close to me
0:35:03 > 0:35:06but it's going to be so sad...
0:35:06 > 0:35:11to...to not see her again, see her every day.
0:35:11 > 0:35:17So it has been absolutely amazing to meet her and do the stuff that we've done
0:35:17 > 0:35:20and we've had such a giggle.
0:35:20 > 0:35:21Um...
0:35:21 > 0:35:26So we've just got to keep in touch, because so often in the past I leave...
0:35:26 > 0:35:29you know, moved around a bit, I leave people,
0:35:29 > 0:35:34they know who they are, and I feel awful that I never kept in touch
0:35:34 > 0:35:39or kept a friendship going, and I'm really not going to lose this one, hopefully!
0:35:39 > 0:35:45You know, I'm going to keep in touch definitely, and I think we all will, because we all really get on well,
0:35:45 > 0:35:47even Jamie and Ben, you know, they're going to keep in touch
0:35:47 > 0:35:51so I'll see Catrin when they come down and visit.
0:35:51 > 0:35:57It has been a really, really close friendship and she's amazing.
0:35:59 > 0:36:04Now, then, as it is so bitterly cold outside this morning, as we found out earlier,
0:36:04 > 0:36:08you may stay indoors during the recreation period this morning
0:36:08 > 0:36:12but I want you all to behave yourselves. Is that understood?
0:36:12 > 0:36:14- Yes, sir.- Yes, sir.- Good.
0:36:21 > 0:36:26Without his best friend to play with, Tommy is feeling left out.
0:36:26 > 0:36:30It's quite boring without Jac, and...
0:36:30 > 0:36:32because he normally...
0:36:32 > 0:36:35is jumping up and down, and then...
0:36:36 > 0:36:38..and then he'd...
0:36:38 > 0:36:40kind of make it fun.
0:36:40 > 0:36:47But I'm the only boy here and they're skipping, which I don't really feel like doing.
0:36:49 > 0:36:54Jac will probably be winding everyone up at the quarry.
0:36:54 > 0:37:01I kind of feel sorry for them, having to put up with him for...
0:37:01 > 0:37:03six hours or something.
0:37:03 > 0:37:05Um...
0:37:07 > 0:37:10Back at the quarry, Jac is facing his biggest test of the day.
0:37:12 > 0:37:16Say, Jac, that the tea is too... not so strong.
0:37:16 > 0:37:22The others will say it's too strong, but you tell them that's the way I've been taught to do tea. Right?
0:37:22 > 0:37:25Right, who else wants one?
0:37:25 > 0:37:29Bobby, an old hand, is teaching Jac some important lessons.
0:37:31 > 0:37:36They'll be pulling your leg, they'll be telling you to go and fetch sky hooks,
0:37:36 > 0:37:40and there isn't such a thing as a sky hook, is there?
0:37:40 > 0:37:43- We need to do some painting after dinner, Jac.- No, we don't.- We do.
0:37:43 > 0:37:47- We don't.- Go and ask Mr Humphries, Alan, for some tartan paint.
0:37:47 > 0:37:48No, I know we don't have any.
0:37:48 > 0:37:54Tartan paint we need. OK, so you write all this down, what you need to do.
0:38:00 > 0:38:02As they get back to work, the Joneses are aware
0:38:02 > 0:38:06that they're following in the footsteps of David's grandfather,
0:38:06 > 0:38:12also a slate quarryman, who died in a quarrying accident at the age of 46.
0:38:13 > 0:38:16I've got a picture at home of my grandfather and there's three people
0:38:16 > 0:38:21in the picture doing virtually the same thing, one cutting,
0:38:21 > 0:38:28one dressing and one...there's one sort of clearing away, and that's the type of work that we would do.
0:38:28 > 0:38:33I'd split, Ben would dress and Jac would do the clearing away as the younger person,
0:38:33 > 0:38:35so, yes, it's nice to have him here.
0:38:35 > 0:38:42After an eight-hour shift it's the end of Jac's first day, and there's a nice surprise for him.
0:38:43 > 0:38:46Jac, some grand work today.
0:38:46 > 0:38:49- Here's a shilling for you. - Thank you.- OK.
0:38:49 > 0:38:50He's done very well today, David.
0:38:50 > 0:38:54- Yes.- I gave him a shilling. I hope to see him here in a few years' time.
0:38:54 > 0:38:59- He'll definitely be here. - Much better, I think, than that awful man Jamie there.
0:38:59 > 0:39:02- Anyway, he's a good lad. Well done, Jac.- Thank you.
0:39:02 > 0:39:06- I'll see you again, then, Jac. - Thank you.- Thank you, Mr Humphries.
0:39:06 > 0:39:10- See you, David.- Bye-bye.- Remember that bara brith, David.- Yes.- Yeah?
0:39:28 > 0:39:33It's been a hard day, but the families get together for a cosy evening.
0:39:33 > 0:39:35How was your dinner tonight?
0:39:35 > 0:39:38Dinner was amazing. Thank you, Catrin.
0:39:38 > 0:39:40- Oh, you are welcome. - It was wonderful.
0:39:42 > 0:39:44Oh, it's lovely.
0:39:44 > 0:39:46It's wonderful.
0:39:46 > 0:39:48The day's challenges have brought them closer together.
0:39:48 > 0:39:53Now I'm feeling a lot happier, I've got some food inside me, some yummy.
0:39:53 > 0:39:56You just want a little pick-me-up sometimes, don't you?
0:39:56 > 0:39:59You know, I've been there as well, haven't I?
0:39:59 > 0:40:03But it is... You know, we don't do it back in modern day, do we?
0:40:03 > 0:40:08You know, we don't rely on neighbours or help them out maybe as we should.
0:40:08 > 0:40:11- No, that's right. - It's been nice, hasn't it?
0:40:11 > 0:40:15Yeah, it has been nice. We're going to get married next week, aren't we?
0:40:15 > 0:40:18Can you imagine the minister's face?
0:40:19 > 0:40:21Happiness has been restored.
0:40:32 > 0:40:34Daybreak in Snowdonia.
0:40:39 > 0:40:44The families are now in their final week of smallholding life.
0:40:48 > 0:40:52While the Braddocks go about their usual chores...
0:40:52 > 0:40:54Jamie, in.
0:40:54 > 0:40:57- Where shall I put it, Dad? - Put it in so I can get it backwards.
0:41:01 > 0:41:04..David and Ben Jones are planning a surprise for Catrin.
0:41:04 > 0:41:07It's her 40th birthday.
0:41:09 > 0:41:16This is all we've got to give her, but back in 1890 there wasn't much spare cash
0:41:16 > 0:41:18so I'm sure she'll understand.
0:41:20 > 0:41:23We're just rushing so she doesn't come out and see it,
0:41:23 > 0:41:26because I know she's up but she's not looking out the window at the moment,
0:41:26 > 0:41:28she's making breakfast.
0:41:28 > 0:41:29Jacs!
0:41:29 > 0:41:34Jac, darling, are you up? Jac?
0:41:34 > 0:41:37You'll be late for school, Jacs.
0:41:37 > 0:41:40Some things don't change. No sign of Jac.
0:41:40 > 0:41:44It's quarter past seven and he's still lying in his bed.
0:41:48 > 0:41:50Come on, this way.
0:41:50 > 0:41:52Come on, Ruth.
0:41:52 > 0:41:56Mark Braddock is reaching the end of his tether.
0:41:56 > 0:41:58Smallholding life is not for him.
0:41:58 > 0:42:00Come on.
0:42:01 > 0:42:06This life in 1890 is an extremely stressful life. Those poor men.
0:42:06 > 0:42:09They get to work at, say, nine o'clock in the morning,
0:42:09 > 0:42:12they've done three or four hours work by then.
0:42:12 > 0:42:15Seeing to the animals, everything that needs to be done,
0:42:15 > 0:42:19and they do a full day's work and they come home and do it all again.
0:42:19 > 0:42:21And that's their total existence.
0:42:21 > 0:42:23Come here. Come here.
0:42:23 > 0:42:25No, don't you dare.
0:42:25 > 0:42:29I think my role is, um... chief moaner,
0:42:29 > 0:42:33chief grumpy-guts and cow milker.
0:42:33 > 0:42:37That's been my role, I think, in this whole experience.
0:42:39 > 0:42:43Alisa's turned out to be the pillar, which back home she's not.
0:42:43 > 0:42:48She has kept everybody going, everything together,
0:42:48 > 0:42:54she's kept this place together, she's made sure there's food on the table, she's been fantastic.
0:42:54 > 0:42:55So, er...
0:42:55 > 0:42:59that's a real nice surprise out of it all, because I think she's proved
0:42:59 > 0:43:02something to herself as well, which has been nice.
0:43:03 > 0:43:08- I'm sorry for being moany.- Huh? - I want to say sorry for being moany.
0:43:08 > 0:43:10Oh, you've got to say sorry.
0:43:10 > 0:43:13- I want to.- So are you happy now? - No, I'm not happy.
0:43:13 > 0:43:15You're not?
0:43:15 > 0:43:16SHE LAUGHS
0:43:24 > 0:43:25Oh, who's done that?
0:43:26 > 0:43:30Oh, my goodness. Oh, thank you.
0:43:34 > 0:43:36Oh, lovely.
0:43:39 > 0:43:44This is a big day and it's a lovely day, starts great,
0:43:44 > 0:43:47and I'm feeling fighting fit
0:43:47 > 0:43:50and the joints aren't hurting today or anything.
0:43:50 > 0:43:53So...life begins at 40.
0:43:54 > 0:43:56Let's get the porridge on.
0:44:02 > 0:44:077.30, and time for the men to leave for the quarry.
0:44:09 > 0:44:16They now have only two full working days left to meet their production target of 3,000 slates.
0:44:17 > 0:44:19How many do you reckon we've got?
0:44:19 > 0:44:24- I reckon we've got about 2,000 there.- We need to be making over 100 an hour.
0:44:24 > 0:44:270.5 of a second we need to be making a slate.
0:44:27 > 0:44:29- Splitting it and dressing it?- Yes!
0:44:29 > 0:44:33It's an impossible task, and spirits are low.
0:44:33 > 0:44:37We're stuffed. It ain't going to happen, is it?
0:44:37 > 0:44:41At the quarry, the steward's welcome is less than warm.
0:44:41 > 0:44:46Ten minutes late today. There'll be a tuppence fine for you each. OK?
0:44:46 > 0:44:48So come on, then, lads,
0:44:48 > 0:44:50let's get on these slates. Come on.
0:44:53 > 0:44:56For the men it's the last straw.
0:45:00 > 0:45:02Been fined again this morning.
0:45:02 > 0:45:05We haven't been paid a penny since we've been here.
0:45:05 > 0:45:08Getting palmed off with poor slate.
0:45:08 > 0:45:10We've just had enough, all of us.
0:45:11 > 0:45:13Ben Jones downs tools.
0:45:15 > 0:45:19What the hell's going on here? Get out.
0:45:19 > 0:45:22That's another tuppence fine for you, Ben, for lying down on the job.
0:45:22 > 0:45:24Get up!
0:45:24 > 0:45:26Get...up.
0:45:26 > 0:45:28Get back to work this instant.
0:45:28 > 0:45:31Go on! That's fourpence today now already.
0:45:37 > 0:45:38Stand up, children.
0:45:38 > 0:45:41At school, the children have a visitor.
0:45:41 > 0:45:44Good morning, sir.
0:45:44 > 0:45:45Good morning, Mr Williams.
0:45:45 > 0:45:51The government inspector has arrived to assess how well the pupils are performing.
0:45:51 > 0:45:56You are going to be tested today, as you know, on your reading skills
0:45:56 > 0:46:02and your skills in writing and also in mathematics.
0:46:03 > 0:46:07This is Edward I, of lengthy limb.
0:46:09 > 0:46:15Wales was annexed to the realm by him.
0:46:15 > 0:46:18A lot rides on this exam.
0:46:18 > 0:46:20..warred with the Scots.
0:46:20 > 0:46:24If the children perform badly, the school might have its grant cut.
0:46:26 > 0:46:32Son of Henry III, from whose life we find...
0:46:33 > 0:46:38And Tommy, as a pupil teacher, may not receive a single penny of his weekly wage.
0:46:41 > 0:46:44The examination is now over.
0:46:44 > 0:46:50Let us hope that the results are successful
0:46:50 > 0:46:54and that this will be for the benefit of the school in the future.
0:46:54 > 0:47:01I got a bit confused on the writing so I just wrote...
0:47:01 > 0:47:04everything that came into my head really.
0:47:10 > 0:47:15The butcher arrives at the smallholding, with some much-needed supplies.
0:47:18 > 0:47:24- Good morning.- Good morning. - How are you?- Fine, thank you. Do come in.- Thank you.
0:47:24 > 0:47:26Big basket again.
0:47:26 > 0:47:30I've heard you've got some geese for sale. Have you got a price in mind?
0:47:30 > 0:47:35I don't know what you can do for us, a deal. We could do with a joint of meat each family.
0:47:35 > 0:47:39Right, I've got some joints of flitches here, which are lovely.
0:47:39 > 0:47:46- I was thinking to get ten shillings for these, five shillings each.- Mmm.
0:47:46 > 0:47:50And I'd give you 13 shillings for the geese.
0:47:50 > 0:47:53Oh, that would be fantastic. Come on, let's go and get the geese.
0:47:53 > 0:47:55- Yes?- Yeah, we're quite happy.
0:47:55 > 0:47:59- Yeah.- So we've clinched a deal? - Oh, yes.- Thank you.- Thank you.
0:47:59 > 0:48:04- OK.- You've come to our rescue again, William. Thank you very much.- I think I'll even give you a kiss, William.
0:48:04 > 0:48:07- Oh, go on, I have to now as well. - Ohh.
0:48:07 > 0:48:10- Thank you so much.- Thank you.
0:48:19 > 0:48:25The joints of meat and extra cash mean that Catrin and Alisa can now afford to be less restrained
0:48:25 > 0:48:29when they next buy provisions in the village shop.
0:48:38 > 0:48:40That was an amazing deal.
0:48:40 > 0:48:42How much was that coffee, Alisa?
0:48:42 > 0:48:46- Can I afford that now?- Yeah. You can afford it.- I was more concerned...
0:48:46 > 0:48:49- You can afford it. - Yes, I'm having it!
0:48:50 > 0:48:55At the quarry, the men's resentment has turned to fighting talk.
0:48:55 > 0:49:00I'm wondering whether or not the steward actually imposes these fines,
0:49:00 > 0:49:03then gets the money off the boss to pay us and pockets the fines himself.
0:49:03 > 0:49:05I think he just makes them up.
0:49:05 > 0:49:10- It's up to everybody themselves but I think we should join the union.- Yeah, I think it's worth the sixpence.
0:49:10 > 0:49:14"A red mist is descending over the slate quarries of north Wales.
0:49:14 > 0:49:16"Campaign against poor conditions, poor pay..."
0:49:16 > 0:49:22Trade unions were particularly militant in the North Wales slate belt of 1890,
0:49:22 > 0:49:26campaigning for better pay and safer working conditions.
0:49:27 > 0:49:31"Now we want the Welsh spirit in the workers' fight. Organise your grumbles and fight your opposition."
0:49:33 > 0:49:38Let's go get started then, get some slate sorted.
0:49:38 > 0:49:42Er, we've been having a discussion at lunchtime, Mr Humphries, and...
0:49:43 > 0:49:50..we're not happy with the work situation here, we're not happy with a number of things.
0:49:50 > 0:49:55You can't make slates, then you blame the slate itself for being poor quarrymen.
0:49:55 > 0:50:01- It's poor quality slate and you know it.- You wouldn't know poor-quality slate if it hit you in the eye.
0:50:01 > 0:50:03Well, our position is this...
0:50:03 > 0:50:07Your position is that you will work until the end of the month,
0:50:07 > 0:50:11which you have two days to go, or you leave now with nothing.
0:50:11 > 0:50:13Things are changing.
0:50:13 > 0:50:18- We are now part of a union and that union is going to stand up for us.- You're what?
0:50:18 > 0:50:22- We're part of a union. - You will not talk of unions here, I'm telling you now.
0:50:22 > 0:50:27- You will not talk of unions here, right?- We're not going out to work.
0:50:27 > 0:50:30I shall be back in a few hours, telling you
0:50:30 > 0:50:33to move from this quarry forthwith or I will get the constabulary here.
0:50:33 > 0:50:36That is your position. OK?
0:50:37 > 0:50:40The steward has called their bluff.
0:50:40 > 0:50:45I could imagine it would have been a nightmarish thing to have had to do in 1890, to have to try and stand up
0:50:45 > 0:50:49to a quarry owner who'd given you a hard time for years and years and...
0:50:49 > 0:50:53And the other thing we've got to remember in the back of our minds
0:50:53 > 0:50:58is that the person we're standing up to is our landlord, which, um...
0:50:58 > 0:51:05has an added factor for us, because if it all goes wrong we'll be kicked out of our homes.
0:51:06 > 0:51:11Rather than risk a confrontation with the constabulary, the men head for home.
0:51:15 > 0:51:20At the school, the government inspector is marking the children's examination papers.
0:51:20 > 0:51:22This is Leah's work.
0:51:22 > 0:51:26Very, very well presented, her handwriting is very good.
0:51:26 > 0:51:31Yes, I have commented often in the past on the excellence of her handwriting.
0:51:31 > 0:51:34Then we have Ela's work here.
0:51:34 > 0:51:39- She has some difficulty keeping the blots away from the...- Yes, she has.
0:51:39 > 0:51:41..from her writing.
0:51:41 > 0:51:42And this is Jac's.
0:51:42 > 0:51:46- This is her brother, Jac. - Jac's writing isn't as tidy.
0:51:46 > 0:51:49- No. We have had problems, I'm afraid, with Jac's handwriting.- Yes.
0:51:49 > 0:51:51And this is, er...
0:51:51 > 0:51:55- Tommy.- Tommy. I notice that in the dictation
0:51:55 > 0:51:58he has actually digressed from the script that I was reading.
0:51:58 > 0:52:01He appears to have been having difficulties.
0:52:01 > 0:52:04Because that is not the way forward, if he wants to...
0:52:04 > 0:52:08No indeed, especially if he's to progress as a pupil teacher.
0:52:08 > 0:52:11Exactly. I shall have a word with him.
0:52:11 > 0:52:13Yes, indeed. I think I would recommend that, Mr Williams.
0:52:13 > 0:52:19The school's future and Tommy's wage hang in the balance.
0:52:23 > 0:52:28David Jones is checking on the family's flock of Welsh mountain sheep.
0:52:29 > 0:52:32I'm a bit worried about this sheep and lamb here.
0:52:32 > 0:52:37I'm just a bit concerned that she's not feeding, she's not suckling.
0:52:37 > 0:52:40I don't know if the mother has sort of lost interest or...
0:52:42 > 0:52:43Eh?
0:52:43 > 0:52:48The mother's not running over to me now and saying, "That's my lamb."
0:52:48 > 0:52:51I'm not quite sure which one the mother is.
0:52:51 > 0:52:53I don't know if this is Mum here.
0:52:53 > 0:52:55Let's have a look.
0:52:55 > 0:52:58Just leave her for a minute, just see if Mum comes.
0:53:07 > 0:53:10She's just not suckling, see?
0:53:10 > 0:53:14The mum's just wandering off when she's trying to suckle.
0:53:14 > 0:53:17The lamb's very weak.
0:53:17 > 0:53:21I don't think...you know, it's going to last much longer.
0:53:22 > 0:53:25So I think we have to get it inside.
0:53:29 > 0:53:33David takes the lamb and its mother into the barn.
0:53:35 > 0:53:37Just trying to get him to suckle.
0:53:37 > 0:53:40I think it's one of Mark's lambs actually, but, you know,
0:53:40 > 0:53:42it's whoever's nearest and whoever's closest.
0:53:42 > 0:53:47It's not a case of, you know, saying to Mark, "You've got to do it."
0:53:47 > 0:53:52We've all got to chip in, because otherwise we're going to lose a lamb between us, aren't we?
0:53:56 > 0:54:01Back in 1890, if you had a smallholding and you had a few sheep,
0:54:01 > 0:54:04you know, you lose one lamb, that's a lot of income you've lost.
0:54:04 > 0:54:06There you go.
0:54:11 > 0:54:14She's taking it now.
0:54:14 > 0:54:16- I think we need to leave them in here.- Yes.
0:54:18 > 0:54:23Concerned, David calls in neighbour and seasoned shepherd Gareth Wyn Jones.
0:54:26 > 0:54:31His intention is immediately drawn to the Joneses' dry-stone walls.
0:54:32 > 0:54:37David and Ben's birthday surprise for Catrin leaves him unimpressed.
0:54:37 > 0:54:39What are these stones?
0:54:39 > 0:54:44Birthday message for my lovely wife on her 40th birthday.
0:54:44 > 0:54:45GARETH EXHALES
0:54:47 > 0:54:50I would never do that. Never take the stones off the walls.
0:54:50 > 0:54:54These walls are so important to you to keep the sheep in.
0:54:54 > 0:54:59You get these sheep out or get a fox in at night, you don't want it, you don't want it.
0:54:59 > 0:55:02It is nice, isn't it?
0:55:02 > 0:55:06- Maybe it would have been nicer making a little card for her. - GARETH LAUGHS
0:55:06 > 0:55:09You want to put these back before the agents or anyone else sees them.
0:55:09 > 0:55:13- It's lucky it's me that walked in. - Jac and I will get them back up.
0:55:13 > 0:55:14I'll watch you.
0:55:14 > 0:55:18- You're going to put them back where you got them from? - In the middle of the wall, I think.
0:55:18 > 0:55:20The bigger ones on the outside.
0:55:20 > 0:55:23They might just look like stones but...
0:55:23 > 0:55:27this is a very important part of the farm.
0:55:27 > 0:55:30It keeps everything in and keeps everything out.
0:55:30 > 0:55:33- Big ones on the outside. - Big ones on the outside.
0:55:33 > 0:55:36- Little ones in the middle, Jac.- Oh.
0:55:37 > 0:55:39Mind your fingers, Jac.
0:55:39 > 0:55:44- Little ones in the middle, to lock the wall, and the bigger ones there. - On the outside.
0:55:47 > 0:55:51While David and Jac repair the wall, Gareth takes a look at the lamb.
0:55:51 > 0:55:54Let's have a look. Turn her over a little bit.
0:55:54 > 0:55:56OK.
0:55:57 > 0:55:59There's a lot of wool here, look.
0:55:59 > 0:56:03There's too much of this wool, so if we can get the shears tomorrow...
0:56:03 > 0:56:06And because she's a young sheep,
0:56:06 > 0:56:08first lamb for her,
0:56:08 > 0:56:13she's not sure what to do so she's a little bit insecure about moving around.
0:56:13 > 0:56:16- Look at his little tail going.- Yeah.
0:56:16 > 0:56:18He's happy, having a bellyful.
0:56:18 > 0:56:21He's a good little lamb. Fair play.
0:56:21 > 0:56:24He's going to survive, 100%.
0:56:26 > 0:56:30Over at the Braddocks', Leah has made a pet of the family's cockerel.
0:56:30 > 0:56:36# Twinkle, twinkle, little star... #
0:56:36 > 0:56:40Smallholders would rarely have shown such sentimentality.
0:56:44 > 0:56:46In the barn...
0:56:47 > 0:56:51..Mark and Alisa are once again battling with their cow.
0:56:51 > 0:56:53Hello, cow.
0:56:53 > 0:56:55Come on.
0:56:55 > 0:56:59How much have we got? Nearly a bucket.
0:56:59 > 0:57:02Watch her feet, because she'll kick you.
0:57:06 > 0:57:09We're just having a bronco today.
0:57:09 > 0:57:13She's been a nightmare. It's like trying to milk a rodeo cow.
0:57:13 > 0:57:14That's it, I'm off.
0:57:14 > 0:57:19That's her way, she's just about to kick somebody, and it's normally me.
0:57:21 > 0:57:24The farmer said that she might miss the other cow.
0:57:24 > 0:57:27Do you think she wants to go for a walk? Do you take cows for a walk?
0:57:27 > 0:57:32The families still have a lot to learn about smallholding life.
0:57:37 > 0:57:38Next time,
0:57:38 > 0:57:40it's payday at the quarry.
0:57:40 > 0:57:42Here's another one here.
0:57:42 > 0:57:45It's basically useless, really, so...
0:57:45 > 0:57:48- We hid a few at the back.- I think he's going to clock them.
0:57:48 > 0:57:50They'll come out of their wages.
0:57:51 > 0:57:54The landlord demands his rent.
0:57:55 > 0:57:59Well, if he's going to use his bully-boy tactics to fine us...
0:57:59 > 0:58:03Muddy boots on the floor, eh? And on the bed.
0:58:03 > 0:58:04..there's going to be hell to pay.
0:58:04 > 0:58:09And reality bites as the families say goodbye to 1890.
0:58:09 > 0:58:11The best thing we've done, isn't it?
0:58:11 > 0:58:14Yeah, apart from getting married and having kids, they were good as well.
0:58:14 > 0:58:17You know, your heart is so full here.
0:58:17 > 0:58:22There's, like, nowhere like this... on Earth.
0:58:33 > 0:58:35Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd
0:58:35 > 0:58:36E-mail subtitling@bbc.co.uk