0:00:02 > 0:00:05Hi, I'm Len Goodman and this is The 1952 Show,
0:00:05 > 0:00:09taking a special look at the decade that maybe made us.
0:00:09 > 0:00:13And it's special because it's you remembering it.
0:00:30 > 0:00:34All this week, we have been taking a quickstep down memory lane
0:00:34 > 0:00:39to the decade which burst into life when our Elizabeth became Queen.
0:00:39 > 0:00:41So grab a cuppa, take the weight off your feet
0:00:41 > 0:00:44and come along-alonga with me.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46What's on the table, Mabel?
0:00:47 > 0:00:49Attention!
0:00:49 > 0:00:51An ex-national service squaddie
0:00:51 > 0:00:56tells of those days of keeping kit clean and endless square bashing.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00'50s food.
0:01:00 > 0:01:03From rationing to ratatouille.
0:01:03 > 0:01:07How Britain's grub changed from ho-hum to yum-yum.
0:01:07 > 0:01:10Then, Britain at its best
0:01:10 > 0:01:13as Roger Bannister breaks
0:01:13 > 0:01:15the four-minute mile barrier.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18Go on, Roger, go on, my son.
0:01:18 > 0:01:22- Magically, we are joined by Paul Daniels.- Madam.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25Who will chip in with his two pennyworth
0:01:25 > 0:01:31and some of our '50s contributors will pop in for a chat.
0:01:31 > 0:01:32So are you sitting comfortably?
0:01:32 > 0:01:36Well, let's go with The 1952 Show.
0:01:36 > 0:01:37Come on.
0:01:39 > 0:01:42Believe it or not, back in the '50s,
0:01:42 > 0:01:44I was too young to be called up for national service
0:01:44 > 0:01:48but many, many 18-year-olds weren't so lucky.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51National service was set up in 1947,
0:01:51 > 0:01:56for all young men to serve at least a year in the Armed Forces.
0:01:56 > 0:02:00No ifs, ands or buts, you got your letter and off you marched.
0:02:02 > 0:02:05# Run to the station
0:02:05 > 0:02:07# Jump from the train
0:02:07 > 0:02:09# March at the double
0:02:09 > 0:02:12# Down Lovers Lane
0:02:12 > 0:02:16# Then in the glen where the roses entwine... #
0:02:16 > 0:02:18The longest way up
0:02:18 > 0:02:20and the shortest way down.
0:02:20 > 0:02:24# Lay down your arms and surrender to mine. #
0:02:25 > 0:02:28National service, a threat of unknown territory
0:02:28 > 0:02:31that hung over every young man's head in Britain after the war.
0:02:35 > 0:02:40Robert Strong was 18 when national service came knocking at his door in 1952.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45I was an ordinary working class lad and I was working in a factory then.
0:02:45 > 0:02:50I remember that February 1952, when the king died.
0:02:50 > 0:02:52That was the year that I was going to be 18
0:02:52 > 0:02:56and that was the year I was going to go in the Army.
0:02:57 > 0:03:00So, with an about turn and a quick march,
0:03:00 > 0:03:05let's go back 60 years to stand by your beds and see what national service was really like
0:03:05 > 0:03:11for new recruit Private Strong, R - 22718529.
0:03:16 > 0:03:20The first thing I heard, I heard someone shout,
0:03:20 > 0:03:23"Are you cold?" I looked round, he was talking to me so I said, "No."
0:03:23 > 0:03:26He said, "Well, take your hands out of your pockets, then."
0:03:26 > 0:03:28And there was a corporal standing there.
0:03:28 > 0:03:30That was my first order from the Army.
0:03:30 > 0:03:34So I did and never put them in there again.
0:03:38 > 0:03:39We were shown where we were going to live
0:03:39 > 0:03:41and there was about 54 of us came.
0:03:41 > 0:03:46They split us into two barracks and we were given sheets and blankets
0:03:46 > 0:03:49and we had to make our own bed.
0:03:49 > 0:03:51Make sure that the blankets folded all squarely,
0:03:51 > 0:03:54the sheets are in line at the edges and this is how the bed block
0:03:54 > 0:03:56will be finished every morning for room inspection.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00To be honest, I hadn't really made my own bed at home, I'd always let Mum.
0:04:00 > 0:04:04So folding these sheets in a special way, it was quite hard, really.
0:04:04 > 0:04:08You had to really learn it, I'd never done anything like that before.
0:04:08 > 0:04:12Then they were given brown paper and string to send our civilian clothes back home
0:04:12 > 0:04:14because we weren't allowed to keep them.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20They gave you two pairs of brand-new boots.
0:04:20 > 0:04:26To get a good shine on those you had to build up a coat of polish on the top, for hours on end.
0:04:26 > 0:04:27Until finally, one day,
0:04:27 > 0:04:31you got this shine that you wouldn't let anybody touch.
0:04:35 > 0:04:38Left, right, left, right.
0:04:38 > 0:04:43We started what we used to call square bashing, which is marching,
0:04:43 > 0:04:45and being an infantry regiment
0:04:45 > 0:04:48they really played a lot on that,
0:04:48 > 0:04:50a terrific lot on the marching.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54Up and down, up and down, up and down, up and down...
0:05:01 > 0:05:04Punishment was mainly cookhouse duty.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07We called it jankers, everybody called it jankers.
0:05:07 > 0:05:08I don't know why but...
0:05:08 > 0:05:12Peeling potatoes and a friend of mine said to the cook sergeant,
0:05:12 > 0:05:15he said, "Have we got to take the eyes out, sergeant?"
0:05:15 > 0:05:18He said, "You're going to eat them, is up to you, you're eating them, not me."
0:05:22 > 0:05:26'The Army believes that neat and tidy equipment is part of discipline
0:05:26 > 0:05:29'and without discipline no army can be efficient.'
0:05:29 > 0:05:35The main activity that we had was cleaning our kit from morning to night.
0:05:35 > 0:05:39The evenings, until you went to bed, was getting ready for the next day.
0:05:39 > 0:05:42I can't remember much recreation, we certainly didn't go out.
0:05:42 > 0:05:44We certainly weren't allowed out, anyway.
0:05:48 > 0:05:52'And how many of them take the trouble to write home to give their families
0:05:52 > 0:05:56'an intelligent account of what army life is really like?'
0:05:56 > 0:06:00I did get homesick, and not only me, all those in the barracks.
0:06:00 > 0:06:06One or two had been to a boarding school but most of the 25 in our hut were similar to me,
0:06:06 > 0:06:09working class boys, in the same boat if you like.
0:06:09 > 0:06:12We all had to do the same thing so we always helped each other
0:06:12 > 0:06:14and if there was one that couldn't do it we helped.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16We all had to toe the line.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19None of us wanted to be there, really.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Looking back now, certainly helped me
0:06:26 > 0:06:29with looking after my own kit, looking after myself.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32So it helped a terrific lot in my later life.
0:06:32 > 0:06:36# Lay down your arms
0:06:36 > 0:06:40# Lay down your arms and surrender to mine. #
0:06:43 > 0:06:47- Well, Paul, What do you make of that?- Oh, the memories, the memories.
0:06:47 > 0:06:51- Yeah, because you did national service.- Oh, I did, I did two years.
0:06:51 > 0:06:57I was eventually Lance Corporal Daniels 23370053, sir!
0:06:57 > 0:07:01I went through ten weeks of hell training, brilliant system.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03National service took me away from home,
0:07:03 > 0:07:07family and the rest of it and I was mixed in with all different creeds
0:07:07 > 0:07:11- and age groups and from all over the country.- Yeah.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14Despite being a Yorkshire Regiment.
0:07:14 > 0:07:16But then I got shipped to Hong Kong. Wow!
0:07:16 > 0:07:19In my life I could never have dreamed of going to Hong Kong
0:07:19 > 0:07:21and it was really, really good.
0:07:21 > 0:07:23And I guess, you learnt discipline.
0:07:23 > 0:07:25Oh, discipline, everything, yes.
0:07:25 > 0:07:27I can still strip down a Bren gun
0:07:27 > 0:07:29and put it back together in my head, you know.
0:07:29 > 0:07:33Then, of course, you had things like you salute the long way up
0:07:33 > 0:07:36the short way down, like he said in the movie.
0:07:36 > 0:07:39But we used to take the Mickey, you know.
0:07:39 > 0:07:41In the parachute corps you went the long way up
0:07:41 > 0:07:43and came down slowly like that, thumb at the front.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46If you were in the catering corps you went like that
0:07:46 > 0:07:48and came down like that with the pan, you know.
0:07:48 > 0:07:52I bet you've never been as fit as when you came out after two years in the Army?
0:07:52 > 0:07:55I was extraordinarily fit.
0:07:55 > 0:07:59We were up at 5.30, six in the morning and running.
0:07:59 > 0:08:01And you didn't stop until you went to bed.
0:08:01 > 0:08:03I've often advocated that they should bring it back
0:08:03 > 0:08:07but not to kill people, to save people.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10- Yeah.- More to do with heart attacks, drownings, fires and all that.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13- I think would be a great, great system.- Yeah.
0:08:13 > 0:08:16- When I'm king that's what's going to happen.- That's going to happen? - Yeah.
0:08:16 > 0:08:17It's amazing, isn't it,
0:08:17 > 0:08:21that, more than half a century after it was stopped, hardly a week goes by
0:08:21 > 0:08:27without someone talking about bringing back national service?
0:08:27 > 0:08:29Now the National Health Service, though,
0:08:29 > 0:08:31is something we've stuck with.
0:08:31 > 0:08:34It brought the promise of universal health care
0:08:34 > 0:08:42especially for us kids post-war, and one of the biggest threats to those kids was polio.
0:08:42 > 0:08:46A disease that was many a parent's worst nightmare.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51I can remember going out on the streets
0:08:51 > 0:08:54and I remember a woman two or three doors down
0:08:54 > 0:08:57coming out and screaming at me and saying,
0:08:57 > 0:09:00"You shouldn't be out here, you're not allowed near other children."
0:09:00 > 0:09:02And taking her children into the house.
0:09:02 > 0:09:06She was frightened I was going to infect her children.
0:09:06 > 0:09:10It was summer 1952, Sue O'Brien had polio.
0:09:10 > 0:09:15Summer plague, or the crippler, as it was known, was every parent's worst fear.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18I had a very mild case of polio.
0:09:18 > 0:09:21I can remember having a very painful stiff neck
0:09:21 > 0:09:25and being unwell and being in bed for two or three days.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28Sue was lucky.
0:09:28 > 0:09:30A viral disease that attacks the nervous system,
0:09:30 > 0:09:34polio causes paralysis of the limbs and breathing muscles
0:09:34 > 0:09:37and, in about one percent of cases, death.
0:09:38 > 0:09:41Other childhood diseases, such as tuberculosis and diphtheria,
0:09:41 > 0:09:44had been brought under control by the early 1950s
0:09:44 > 0:09:48but polio had reached epidemic levels.
0:09:48 > 0:09:55In 1952 alone, there were nearly 4,000 acute cases of polio and 295 deaths.
0:09:56 > 0:10:01A couple of days later, my brother had an extremely high temperature
0:10:01 > 0:10:08and he was put to bed and very quickly he became paralysed in arms and legs
0:10:08 > 0:10:13and much of his body and eventually was taken off in an ambulance.
0:10:13 > 0:10:16For the doctors treating Sue's brother, Peter,
0:10:16 > 0:10:19polio was a deadly enemy.
0:10:19 > 0:10:23No-one knew what caused it and there was no cure.
0:10:23 > 0:10:26My parents said they thought we'd caught it at the local fair
0:10:26 > 0:10:30and the local fair was a dirty place and that was the place we would have caught it.
0:10:30 > 0:10:35We had been to the fair the week before we went down with polio
0:10:35 > 0:10:37and we were never allowed to go to the fair again.
0:10:38 > 0:10:44Always keep yourself as clean as possible.
0:10:44 > 0:10:50Geoffrey Spencer, a junior doctor in the '50s, recalls the draconian measures taken in schools
0:10:50 > 0:10:53to try to prevent the spread of the disease.
0:10:53 > 0:10:57Kissing was absolutely forbidden, with some justification.
0:10:57 > 0:11:01But there was a lot of rather more silly things.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04They were worried about lavatories for children.
0:11:04 > 0:11:07First there were staff, and then there were older children,
0:11:07 > 0:11:14delegated to stand there with a bottle of Jeyes fluid or something
0:11:14 > 0:11:18to squirt the seats between people sitting on them.
0:11:18 > 0:11:21Whether that did any good or not I haven't the slightest idea
0:11:21 > 0:11:23but it was quite unpleasant.
0:11:23 > 0:11:25Walking around all day with a wet bum.
0:11:25 > 0:11:28One theory was that in our efforts to keep clean,
0:11:28 > 0:11:31and with better living conditions after the war,
0:11:31 > 0:11:38we lost our natural immunity to polio and this caused the disease to spread like wildfire.
0:11:38 > 0:11:42Geoffrey soon found himself at the front line in the fight against the disease.
0:11:42 > 0:11:44There was a request for volunteers
0:11:44 > 0:11:48to go to a hospital in North West London,
0:11:48 > 0:11:51where they had more people with polio than they could cope with.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55Some of them quite severely disabled and in breathing machines, iron lungs.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58And while I was there, for about three weeks,
0:11:58 > 0:12:01there were several members of staff who went down with it
0:12:01 > 0:12:04having caught it from the patients who had come in with it.
0:12:04 > 0:12:07So it was terrifying.
0:12:07 > 0:12:10I can remember wondering if it's my turn next.
0:12:10 > 0:12:16Sue remembers vividly the first time she visited her brother Peter in hospital.
0:12:16 > 0:12:20He was lying in his iron lung, and an iron lung is a very ugly piece of machinery,
0:12:20 > 0:12:22and all I could see was his head.
0:12:22 > 0:12:27Peter was paralysed from the neck down, unable to breathe on his own.
0:12:27 > 0:12:29The iron lung, a sort of pressurised tank,
0:12:29 > 0:12:33drew air in and out of his lungs using a pump and bellows.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37He looked very different, his face was pretty much the same
0:12:37 > 0:12:40but he had this tremendous long hair which was back in a,
0:12:40 > 0:12:44not a style you would've expected in a little boy,
0:12:44 > 0:12:48all brushed back almost like a Teddy boy, really,
0:12:48 > 0:12:52on a 10-year-old boy, and this enormous bush of hair.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55There was these huge great pumping machines in the corner of the room
0:12:55 > 0:12:59which pumped air into the iron lung.
0:12:59 > 0:13:04My youngest brother, Hugo, who must have been two or three at the time.
0:13:04 > 0:13:08I don't know whether he pulled the plug out or turned the switch off for the pump
0:13:08 > 0:13:11and all hell broke loose when the pump stopped working
0:13:11 > 0:13:14and the iron lung stopped functioning.
0:13:14 > 0:13:17I wanted to look in the iron lung and see his body
0:13:17 > 0:13:23but I wasn't allowed to because my mother tells me how
0:13:23 > 0:13:28when she used to see pictures of starving children in Africa,
0:13:28 > 0:13:31emaciated children, she said that's what he looked like,
0:13:31 > 0:13:35that's what his body looked like, by the time he'd been in the iron lung for a while.
0:13:38 > 0:13:43As Peter lay gravely ill, across the Atlantic, in America,
0:13:43 > 0:13:47groundbreaking work was being done on a vaccine by Dr Jonas Salk.
0:13:47 > 0:13:49'With courage based on confidence,
0:13:49 > 0:13:52'Dr Salk inoculated his own three children whilst testing his vaccine.
0:13:52 > 0:13:56'Perhaps the worst feature of the disease has been the feeling of hopelessness
0:13:56 > 0:13:59'at the prospect of many months in the grip of paralysis.
0:13:59 > 0:14:03'But now sufferers, like these children at Queen Mary's hospital in Carshalton,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06'look towards a better future.'
0:14:06 > 0:14:10But the uptake of the new vaccine in Britain was initially slow,
0:14:10 > 0:14:12until the case of Jeff Hall.
0:14:12 > 0:14:18Jeff Hall was a very famous footballer
0:14:18 > 0:14:22and suddenly he got severe bulbar polio, with total paralysis,
0:14:22 > 0:14:24and couldn't breathe and couldn't swallow.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27He died within 48 hours.
0:14:27 > 0:14:35That had a galvanising effect which outstripped the politicians' efforts many, many, fold.
0:14:37 > 0:14:41The immunisation clinics were overwhelmed with demand.
0:14:41 > 0:14:45Thousands of lives were saved by that man's unhappy death.
0:14:47 > 0:14:50This medical breakthrough came too late for Peter.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53His mother, who sat by his bedside every day for a year,
0:14:53 > 0:14:56had kept a diary of his illness.
0:14:56 > 0:14:59On June 26 1953, she wrote.
0:14:59 > 0:15:02'He asked me to lift his head
0:15:02 > 0:15:05'and then the final overwhelming vomiting began.
0:15:05 > 0:15:09'He couldn't speak any more but mouthed at me, "Put me down."
0:15:11 > 0:15:14'Vomit stained his face and looked rather horrifying
0:15:14 > 0:15:17'and then it was all over.
0:15:17 > 0:15:21'Not Peter any more, just a pretty doll.'
0:15:24 > 0:15:26After he died,
0:15:26 > 0:15:30the word polio was not allowed to be mentioned, ever!
0:15:30 > 0:15:33Peter was never talked about.
0:15:39 > 0:15:43Well, Sue, I don't think anyone could watch that film
0:15:43 > 0:15:48and not be touched and I think you are very brave to come in and talk about it.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51It must have been such a tragedy.
0:15:51 > 0:15:53It was a terrible time.
0:15:53 > 0:15:58It was very sad for all the family and still makes me feel sad now.
0:15:58 > 0:16:03It affected our family really for the rest of our lives.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06My parents never got over it,
0:16:06 > 0:16:08both my parents suffered from depression and
0:16:08 > 0:16:12I think my younger brother and I, perhaps, some of that rubbed off on us as well.
0:16:14 > 0:16:17But, of course, I was considered to be the lucky one
0:16:17 > 0:16:18and I got away with it.
0:16:18 > 0:16:23I was OK and, like all polio victims,
0:16:23 > 0:16:25I got on with my life after that.
0:16:26 > 0:16:31And, at that time, of course, there was no protection against it.
0:16:31 > 0:16:32It came out of nowhere,
0:16:32 > 0:16:35until that guy came along with the immunisation system.
0:16:35 > 0:16:37Yeah.
0:16:37 > 0:16:41And even then it was only the football guy, Jeff Hall,
0:16:41 > 0:16:44who was like the Beckham of his day.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48Then everyone flooded to get themselves...
0:16:48 > 0:16:49Immunised.
0:16:49 > 0:16:52I can remember growing up,
0:16:52 > 0:16:55and up and down the street we were constantly being warned about it.
0:16:55 > 0:16:58I don't know about you but my mum would boil everything.
0:17:00 > 0:17:03A dishcloth, boil it. Everything was boiled.
0:17:03 > 0:17:06A big copper boiler out the back, you know.
0:17:06 > 0:17:09My mother did the washing up under boiling water.
0:17:09 > 0:17:12She wore rubber gloves to protect her hands
0:17:12 > 0:17:15and she had running the hottest water you can possibly get,
0:17:15 > 0:17:17coming out of the tap, to wash the dishes.
0:17:17 > 0:17:21She wouldn't wash up in a bowl of water it had to be the hottest water,
0:17:21 > 0:17:26boiling water, that she could get to make sure the dishes were clean.
0:17:26 > 0:17:31The great news is that since the '70s the Western world's pretty much protected
0:17:31 > 0:17:34but now I think possibly,
0:17:34 > 0:17:38mostly thanks to International Rotary, who have raised zillions,
0:17:38 > 0:17:43and they've been eradicating the disease as they could in different countries around the world.
0:17:43 > 0:17:46- India, just a couple weeks ago, wasn't it?- Yes.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49It's completely gone. Absolutely awesome.
0:17:49 > 0:17:53So there is hope that one day it will not exist at all.
0:17:53 > 0:17:56- That's all we can hang onto, really. - Yeah.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59Well, Sue, I thank you so much for coming in
0:17:59 > 0:18:05and relating your story and fingers crossed that polio is gradually being eradicated
0:18:05 > 0:18:09and hopefully it will be gone within our lifetimes.
0:18:09 > 0:18:11Wonderful.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14I'll let you into a secret, I've never had a curry,
0:18:14 > 0:18:19I've only ever had one Chinese and I will tell you why.
0:18:19 > 0:18:23I never eat anything that I can't spell or anything that my nan didn't cook.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26Take a look at this.
0:18:26 > 0:18:29# Say hey, good looking
0:18:29 > 0:18:31# What you got cooking?
0:18:31 > 0:18:35# How's about cooking something up for me? #
0:18:35 > 0:18:38In the 1950s,
0:18:38 > 0:18:41Britain underwent a food revolution.
0:18:41 > 0:18:46Wartime austerity finally began to ease in 1952, when tea came off the ration.
0:18:46 > 0:18:50This was followed by sweets and sugar in '53,
0:18:50 > 0:18:53with rationing finally ending in '54.
0:18:53 > 0:18:55'The 14-year story told by this book was over.
0:18:57 > 0:19:00'Many wasted no time in taking full advantage of the big stocks
0:19:00 > 0:19:04'but no-one was sent away disappointed.'
0:19:04 > 0:19:06There was a new way of shopping, too.
0:19:06 > 0:19:09Up until the 1950s, you had to make a trip every day
0:19:09 > 0:19:14to the local butcher's, baker's and grocer's.
0:19:14 > 0:19:19But all that would change with the groundbreaking launch of the first supermarket as early as 1950.
0:19:19 > 0:19:21'The self-service stores are booming.
0:19:21 > 0:19:24'They are being opened at the rate of 90 a month.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28'Is this the answer to the needs of the busy housewife?'
0:19:29 > 0:19:33Although we were so pleased with our basket of lovely new groceries
0:19:33 > 0:19:36we often didn't know what half of it was, never mind how to eat it,
0:19:36 > 0:19:39as Anita Prosser remembers.
0:19:39 > 0:19:45Bananas, I wonder how you eat them, what do you do with them?
0:19:45 > 0:19:46It would be very interesting.
0:19:46 > 0:19:50I think the first time must have been in the early '50s
0:19:50 > 0:19:53that I probably had my first banana because, of course,
0:19:53 > 0:19:56boats couldn't get here with things like bananas.
0:19:56 > 0:20:00I remember standing there thinking, "What do I do with it?"
0:20:00 > 0:20:02And somebody had to show me how to peel the banana.
0:20:02 > 0:20:07so you could eat it. Because I think I would have eaten skin and all, you see.
0:20:08 > 0:20:11Anita's Greek parents ran a restaurant,
0:20:11 > 0:20:16but the menus were limited by what food was available and what their customers wanted.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19My parents owned a restaurant in Plymouth,
0:20:19 > 0:20:23called Tony's Imperial because my father was called Tony.
0:20:23 > 0:20:26Mother tried to do a bit of Greek cooking
0:20:26 > 0:20:29but nobody was very interested, they just wanted the ordinary stuff.
0:20:29 > 0:20:34'Fish and chips. So English. So simple.
0:20:34 > 0:20:38'And so different from what Madame might have been preparing
0:20:38 > 0:20:42'for the past two hours on the other side of the Channel.'
0:20:42 > 0:20:45The nation needed help in the kitchen.
0:20:45 > 0:20:47A perfect pasty should be so tough
0:20:47 > 0:20:49that it should be possible to drop it down a tin mine
0:20:49 > 0:20:50without it breaking.
0:20:50 > 0:20:54Philip Harben was once the most famous cook in Britain.
0:20:54 > 0:20:57Over the years, his prime time Friday night show
0:20:57 > 0:20:59introduced millions of television viewers
0:20:59 > 0:21:03to everything from good, honest fare to medieval banquets.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05And there is my conceit of coney.
0:21:06 > 0:21:08He wasn't the only one.
0:21:08 > 0:21:11Marguerite Patten was the Delia of her day,
0:21:11 > 0:21:13the food doyenne of the '50s.
0:21:13 > 0:21:15She'd made her name during the war,
0:21:15 > 0:21:18showing housewives how to waste not, want not.
0:21:18 > 0:21:22Good afternoon to you all, and welcome to Woman in the Home.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26Her daughter, Judith, remembers her delight when rationing ended.
0:21:26 > 0:21:30How amazing it must have been when you could just go into a shop
0:21:30 > 0:21:31and buy anything you wanted.
0:21:31 > 0:21:37And you didn't actually have to stick to waste not, want not.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40You could actually play around with it a bit,
0:21:40 > 0:21:42and decide, "I do like that,"
0:21:42 > 0:21:45or perhaps, "Ooh, I'm not sure I shall bother to have that again.
0:21:45 > 0:21:48Er... So that must have been quite an exciting period.
0:21:48 > 0:21:51With her regular TV shows,
0:21:51 > 0:21:53Marguerite had seduced the tastebuds of the nation.
0:21:53 > 0:21:57She could turn even the most unappetising ingredients
0:21:57 > 0:21:59into mouth-watering meals.
0:21:59 > 0:22:01And that's why her books sold like hot cakes.
0:22:01 > 0:22:10And that's just a few of my mother's 170, 180 books, cookery cards.
0:22:10 > 0:22:14She tried things long before they were bog standard,
0:22:14 > 0:22:15and this is why her books were popular,
0:22:15 > 0:22:21because they helped women, and men, stretch what they could do.
0:22:21 > 0:22:24And help them understand about ingredients,
0:22:24 > 0:22:26helped them take advantage of the new things
0:22:26 > 0:22:28that were coming in to the shops all the time.
0:22:30 > 0:22:33With the shops starting to stock exciting new ingredients,
0:22:33 > 0:22:36cookbooks became all the rage.
0:22:36 > 0:22:41Anita bought hers 60 years ago, and is still using those recipes.
0:22:41 > 0:22:44I got my Good Housekeeping book in 1957,
0:22:44 > 0:22:49and it literally was the one that I lived by.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52It was simple to follow, it showed you pictures of how to do things,
0:22:52 > 0:22:54and I felt that was very important.
0:22:54 > 0:22:58And I still make shortcrust pastry from it now,
0:22:58 > 0:23:01and my son maintains it's still the best pastry ever.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09Well, this afternoon, as you can see,
0:23:09 > 0:23:13I'm ready for action in the kitchen of our studio.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17As TV chefs like Marguerite showed us how to cook at home,
0:23:17 > 0:23:22restaurateur George Perry-Smith was changing the face of eating out.
0:23:22 > 0:23:24Known as the father of post-war English cooking,
0:23:24 > 0:23:29he opened the legendary Hole in the Wall in Bath in 1952,
0:23:29 > 0:23:32one of a tiny clutch of fine dining restaurants at the time
0:23:32 > 0:23:33outside the capital.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37George's stepson, Tom Jane,
0:23:37 > 0:23:39recalls just how unique George's approach was.
0:23:39 > 0:23:42He wanted people to enjoy themselves,
0:23:42 > 0:23:44and actually enjoy the food,
0:23:44 > 0:23:49and there was no battle between the customer and the provider.
0:23:49 > 0:23:53That might seem obvious to us today, but in the early 1950s,
0:23:53 > 0:23:56going out to a restaurant was not only expensive,
0:23:56 > 0:23:59but a social minefield as well.
0:23:59 > 0:24:01- DISHES SMASH - Waitress!
0:24:03 > 0:24:07Actually, old boy, the form is that you catch the waitress's eye.
0:24:07 > 0:24:10- Look, I'll show you. - CLICKS HIS FINGERS
0:24:10 > 0:24:13CLICKS HIS FINGERS
0:24:13 > 0:24:15CLICKS HIS FINGERS
0:24:15 > 0:24:17Well, that's the theory, anyhow.
0:24:17 > 0:24:19George's philosophy was to make real food,
0:24:19 > 0:24:23prepared as a careful home cook would prepare it.
0:24:23 > 0:24:25His menus were an exotic blend of dishes
0:24:25 > 0:24:27from the Mediterranean and beyond,
0:24:27 > 0:24:30like bouillabaisse, tarragon chicken and goulash.
0:24:30 > 0:24:33And everything was presented with style.
0:24:33 > 0:24:38Something that many customers still remember is the cold table,
0:24:38 > 0:24:43which was a ten-foot table covered with prepared foods,
0:24:43 > 0:24:46from hams to terrines and pates and salads,
0:24:46 > 0:24:50and it sat in the middle of quite an elegant cellar restaurant.
0:24:50 > 0:24:55And if you came to it after a decade of relative deprivation,
0:24:55 > 0:24:58as most of our customers did in the early '50s,
0:24:58 > 0:25:01then, hey, it was... It was paradise.
0:25:04 > 0:25:08As the '50s rolled on, we were beginning to develop a taste
0:25:08 > 0:25:10for the more sophisticated things in life.
0:25:10 > 0:25:14My cousin had a very nice restaurant,
0:25:14 > 0:25:17and so for a real treat, my husband took me down there.
0:25:17 > 0:25:22We had a slap-up up meal and we had a bottle of wine...
0:25:22 > 0:25:23Liebfraumilch.
0:25:23 > 0:25:26And we thought we were really... We'd arrived.
0:25:32 > 0:25:34Judith, it's lovely to have you with us.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37It's lovely to be here with both of you.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40And how interesting to see your mum Marguerite there, cooking away.
0:25:40 > 0:25:41I'm sure, though, over the years,
0:25:41 > 0:25:44there must have been one or two disasters.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47I'm sure there must have been, I don't think I saw many of them if there were,
0:25:47 > 0:25:50but I do remember getting into the most terrible trouble
0:25:50 > 0:25:52about telling people she burnt the toast.
0:25:52 > 0:25:55- Well, we've all burnt the toast at some time, I'm sure.- Yeah.
0:25:55 > 0:25:57- Too right!- Right!
0:25:57 > 0:25:59And Paul, what about you, what's your favourite grub?
0:25:59 > 0:26:02My favourite grub hasn't really changed much since the '50s,
0:26:02 > 0:26:05- cos in the '50s, there wasn't a lot of food around early on. - Right.
0:26:05 > 0:26:08- When did rationing finish? '54, wasn't it?- Yeah.
0:26:08 > 0:26:11But it's still double egg and chips.
0:26:11 > 0:26:12Up till that time, for luxury,
0:26:12 > 0:26:15we used to get ice lollies in the corner shop,
0:26:15 > 0:26:18- he had a fridge, wow! - JUDITH GASPS
0:26:18 > 0:26:21And jelly and custard had just come in. You know?
0:26:21 > 0:26:24- Right.- Which didn't really fit with my favourite food,
0:26:24 > 0:26:25which is double egg and chips.
0:26:25 > 0:26:28I love double egg and chips, white bread and butter and a cup of tea.
0:26:28 > 0:26:31Still the favourite. Debbie's a great cook, but that's my favourite.
0:26:31 > 0:26:34In fact so much so that once I was in a hotel,
0:26:34 > 0:26:36doing a job in London, you know, posh hotel.
0:26:36 > 0:26:39Went up to the rooftop restaurant, Monsieur came straight in, you know?
0:26:39 > 0:26:44FRENCH ACCENT: "Allo, Monsieur Daniels, here is the menu, please, let me know when you are ready."
0:26:44 > 0:26:48- So I opened it all up like this, huge. And I folded it all up, it's all in these French dishes.- Yeah.
0:26:48 > 0:26:53And he came over, and I said, "I'd like double egg and chips, please."
0:26:53 > 0:26:56And his pencil... and he said,
0:26:56 > 0:26:58"Ah, that would be with bread and butter?" and I said, "Yes."
0:26:58 > 0:27:00And he closed his little pad, and he says,
0:27:00 > 0:27:05- "One is at a loss as to which wine to recommend." - THEY LAUGH
0:27:05 > 0:27:09- I mean, who brought up on bread and dripping... - JUDITH GASPS
0:27:09 > 0:27:10Dripping, yes! Yes.
0:27:10 > 0:27:14- And did you ever have a one-eye? - No, what's that?- Oh, a one-eye, me dad used to make them.
0:27:14 > 0:27:16Um... You get a piece of bread,
0:27:16 > 0:27:19and you cut a hole out of the middle of it, about yea big,
0:27:19 > 0:27:22- and you put them in the frying pan, fried bread.- Yes.
0:27:22 > 0:27:26And you fry the bread on one side, but as you turn the pieces over,
0:27:26 > 0:27:28- you crack an egg in the hole in the middle... - SHE GASPS
0:27:28 > 0:27:31- ..which fries the right size. - Ooh, I shall go home and try this.
0:27:31 > 0:27:34And then you put that bit on top of the egg as you serve it up.
0:27:34 > 0:27:37You know, talking of flavour, when I was a kid,
0:27:37 > 0:27:38down in the Bethnal Green Road,
0:27:38 > 0:27:41two old girls used to have a fish and chip shop.
0:27:41 > 0:27:42And one of them would do the serving,
0:27:42 > 0:27:44and the other one would do the frying.
0:27:44 > 0:27:46And she always had a bit of a cold,
0:27:46 > 0:27:48- there was always a dew-drop, which would... - THEY LAUGH
0:27:48 > 0:27:50..drop into the batter. Pssssh!
0:27:50 > 0:27:54- And if you didn't have much money, for a ha'penny, you could just have the...- The bits.
0:27:54 > 0:27:57- The crunchy bits.- Yes!- Yeah. - Those are the best.- Yeah!- Yeah.
0:27:57 > 0:28:01Well, I'll tell you what, talking about food has made me peckish.
0:28:01 > 0:28:02What about you, Paul?
0:28:02 > 0:28:05- I'm always peckish.- Yeah, so am I! - Good!
0:28:05 > 0:28:10Now, we said how the coming of the new Queen Elizabeth in 1952
0:28:10 > 0:28:14gave the nation that first burst of colour and self-confidence.
0:28:14 > 0:28:17Now, we didn't have to wait long for another great moment -
0:28:17 > 0:28:22we had one of our boys on the top of Everest in '53.
0:28:22 > 0:28:28And in '54, an Oxford medical student called Roger Bannister
0:28:28 > 0:28:32made us Nation Number One again when he became the first person
0:28:32 > 0:28:36to break the four minute mile.
0:28:36 > 0:28:40- On your marks...- Get set... - Go on, Roger!
0:28:40 > 0:28:44Go on, my son! Get those legs working!
0:28:50 > 0:28:56In 1953, I ran a mile in four minutes and two seconds,
0:28:56 > 0:29:02and then the race was on to break the four-minute mile.
0:29:03 > 0:29:05On a spring day in 1954,
0:29:05 > 0:29:09Roger Bannister was on the brink of storming in to the record books.
0:29:09 > 0:29:13Some people thought it was impossible,
0:29:13 > 0:29:15there must be an absolute limit,
0:29:15 > 0:29:17you can't go on running faster and faster,
0:29:17 > 0:29:20was four minutes the limit?
0:29:20 > 0:29:23It didn't make sense to me as a medical student
0:29:23 > 0:29:27for there to be such an absolute limit.
0:29:27 > 0:29:31But he wouldn't make his mile in less than four minutes
0:29:31 > 0:29:32by a sudden stroke of luck -
0:29:32 > 0:29:35it would take hard training and meticulous planning.
0:29:35 > 0:29:43It's not possible to do a fast time without some pacemaking.
0:29:43 > 0:29:49Of the two runners that I chose to be pacemakers,
0:29:49 > 0:29:54Chris Chataway was the only runner in the country
0:29:54 > 0:30:00who was capable of running three quarters of a mile in three minutes,
0:30:00 > 0:30:08and Chris Brasher could just about manage a half mile in two minutes.
0:30:09 > 0:30:13So the stage was set for Bannister's race for glory.
0:30:13 > 0:30:16Location - Iffley Stadium, Oxford.
0:30:16 > 0:30:20Contest: Amateur Athletics Association - Bannister's team -
0:30:20 > 0:30:22versus Oxford University.
0:30:22 > 0:30:28There was a flag on the church, and I used this flag as a wind gauge
0:30:28 > 0:30:32to how strong the wind was as the afternoon progressed,
0:30:32 > 0:30:34and half an hour before,
0:30:34 > 0:30:38there seemed to be a lull in the strength of the wind,
0:30:38 > 0:30:44and so I decided then and told Chris Chataway and Chris Brasher,
0:30:44 > 0:30:46"The attempt is on."
0:30:46 > 0:30:50But things got off to a bad start.
0:30:50 > 0:30:56Well, as we lined up at the start, Chris Brasher made a false start,
0:30:56 > 0:30:59which I was surprised about.
0:30:59 > 0:31:03You don't usually get false starts in an event like the Mile,
0:31:03 > 0:31:06because you're not in starting blocks, for example.
0:31:06 > 0:31:12Um... And I felt a little flash of irritation.
0:31:12 > 0:31:15Worse still, the wind had picked up again,
0:31:15 > 0:31:17just what Bannister didn't need.
0:31:17 > 0:31:20'Up till yesterday, the world record for the Mile
0:31:20 > 0:31:22'stood at four minutes, 1.4 seconds.
0:31:22 > 0:31:24'But, as Bannister lined up for the start
0:31:24 > 0:31:27'in this race between the Three As and Oxford University,
0:31:27 > 0:31:29- STARTING GUN - 'he knew that he had two colleagues with him
0:31:29 > 0:31:31'who'd help him beat that time.'
0:31:31 > 0:31:36Chris Brasher took the lead, and then I lay second,
0:31:36 > 0:31:39and Chris Chataway was third.
0:31:39 > 0:31:46And we ran quite smoothly, but on the back straight for the first lap,
0:31:46 > 0:31:48I thought it seemed rather slow.
0:31:48 > 0:31:52I did shout, "Faster, faster!" as I was following him,
0:31:52 > 0:32:00but he kept his head and ran a 1.58 half mile.
0:32:00 > 0:32:03'The end of the second lap, and half a mile gone.
0:32:03 > 0:32:06'Time: One minute, 58.2 seconds.'
0:32:06 > 0:32:10Having passed the half mile in 1.58,
0:32:10 > 0:32:15I knew that we were on track for breaking the four minute mile.
0:32:15 > 0:32:19'1,100 yards gone, and Chataway starts to spurt ahead.
0:32:19 > 0:32:21'He overtakes Bannister and then Brasher.'
0:32:21 > 0:32:26Chris Chataway took over, and then, in the middle of the third lap,
0:32:26 > 0:32:27I overtook him.
0:32:27 > 0:32:31'250 yards to go, and Bannister takes over.'
0:32:31 > 0:32:37This final burst carried me to the absolute limit.
0:32:37 > 0:32:41Having crossed the finishing line, I then collapsed.
0:32:42 > 0:32:43The tape is broken
0:32:43 > 0:32:46and so is the record athletes have long been dreaming about.
0:32:46 > 0:32:48But at first, Bannister knows little about it.
0:32:48 > 0:32:54He stumbles into the arms of his coach, exhausted by his magnificent effort.
0:32:55 > 0:32:59I knew that I must have been tremendously close
0:32:59 > 0:33:02but I could not be certain
0:33:02 > 0:33:06until the announcement was made by Norris McWhirter
0:33:06 > 0:33:09and the announcement came
0:33:09 > 0:33:11three minutes.
0:33:11 > 0:33:13CHEERING
0:33:13 > 0:33:19The noise from the crowd was so great that the rest of the announcement
0:33:19 > 0:33:24of 3.59.4 was not audible.
0:33:24 > 0:33:27All I can say is I'm absolutely overwhelmed.
0:33:27 > 0:33:31It was a great surprise to me to be able to do it today.
0:33:31 > 0:33:33'The sensation was one of relief.'
0:33:33 > 0:33:39We then sort of ran a victory lap
0:33:39 > 0:33:42up and down.
0:33:45 > 0:33:47Didn't that make you feel good?
0:33:47 > 0:33:51It does make you feel good. It makes you feel proud. At the time,
0:33:51 > 0:33:54it was such a breakthrough - they'd been trying for years.
0:33:54 > 0:34:00- That's right.- What was astonishing was how other people started to do it.
0:34:00 > 0:34:03Yeah. The whole thing was set up with Chris Brasher
0:34:03 > 0:34:06- and Christopher Chataway... - The pace guys.
0:34:06 > 0:34:12He was absolutely exhausted. Staggered... But I remember watching it...
0:34:12 > 0:34:16- The biggest news.- It was... People thought you couldn't do it.
0:34:16 > 0:34:18It was just an amazing...
0:34:18 > 0:34:23Isn't that good, when one guy does it, the rest of the world thinks, "Yeah, it can be done."
0:34:23 > 0:34:26- Like climbing Mount Everest. - Same thing.
0:34:26 > 0:34:29Just amazing. What about you? Any good at sport?
0:34:29 > 0:34:33No. If he'd had my legs, he would never have done it in ten minutes.
0:34:33 > 0:34:37But it was... I went to a grammar school where they had this ancient custom,
0:34:37 > 0:34:43first day back at school, in your cricket whites they chucked you into a muddy pond but nobody told me.
0:34:43 > 0:34:46I thought they were bullies so I fought like hell.
0:34:46 > 0:34:49Instead of coming home in mud, I came home covered in blood.
0:34:49 > 0:34:50Me mam went nuts.
0:34:50 > 0:34:56Yeah, well, talking of cricket, I remember we were playing Chislehurst and Sidcup Grammar School
0:34:56 > 0:34:58at cricket, the team no-one could beat,
0:34:58 > 0:35:02and the best batsman, my mate was bowling
0:35:02 > 0:35:04and he hit the ball and I caught it like that,
0:35:04 > 0:35:07was so excited and I turned to my mate,
0:35:07 > 0:35:11giving it all that, that was what I did, no verbal.
0:35:11 > 0:35:15The next day, we got banned for the rest of the year,
0:35:15 > 0:35:21- unsporting behaviour.- One does agree with the ruling.- Yeah.
0:35:21 > 0:35:27The man at the heart of our next film was the inspiration behind
0:35:27 > 0:35:29the modern Paralympics.
0:35:29 > 0:35:33This is one of my favourite stories because this bloke
0:35:33 > 0:35:39dedicated his life to making the lives of wounded soldiers and servicemen better.
0:35:39 > 0:35:44Until he came along, they and other disabilities were out of sight
0:35:44 > 0:35:46and out of mind.
0:35:49 > 0:35:54It was after a serious accident in 1952 as a Royal Ordnance Engineer
0:35:54 > 0:35:58that Bill Dempsey woke up to find himself paralysed.
0:35:59 > 0:36:04I was devastated at first, thinking, "Well, what'll I do?"
0:36:04 > 0:36:07Me brothers used to come and see us and that.
0:36:07 > 0:36:11When they used to go and walk away
0:36:11 > 0:36:16you were lying in bed or sitting in a chair and you can't go with them.
0:36:16 > 0:36:23Bill was transferred to Stoke Mandeville Hospital, which had a new spinal injury unit.
0:36:23 > 0:36:27There, he would meet the doctor who would transform his life
0:36:27 > 0:36:30and give him the confidence to face the future.
0:36:30 > 0:36:35Ludwig Guttmann had a radical new approach to the rehabilitation of disabled people,
0:36:35 > 0:36:39as he explained to a BBC documentary team.
0:36:39 > 0:36:42To put it quite clearly,
0:36:42 > 0:36:48to transform helpless...individual,
0:36:48 > 0:36:52severely disabled, into a taxpayer.
0:36:53 > 0:36:57Bill was suffering, like the thousands of veterans arriving home with spinal injuries
0:36:57 > 0:37:00after World War II.
0:37:00 > 0:37:04Guttmann had been asked to set up Stoke Mandeville's groundbreaking unit in 1944
0:37:04 > 0:37:08to provide special treatment for them.
0:37:08 > 0:37:11His was a philosophy of tough love.
0:37:11 > 0:37:17In the war, I got a young soldier who was almost dying. He said,
0:37:17 > 0:37:21"I'm waiting for the Almighty to take me up."
0:37:21 > 0:37:27You know what my answer was? "Now look here, while you are waiting, you will have to do some work here."
0:37:27 > 0:37:32Doctor Guttmann would come round every morning and ask you what you were going to do on the day.
0:37:32 > 0:37:36I said, "I don't know." He said, "I'll tell you."
0:37:36 > 0:37:39He says, "First of all, you're going to the swimming pool.
0:37:39 > 0:37:45"Then you go down to the physio. From the physio, you go to the occupational therapy.
0:37:45 > 0:37:51"After lunch, you'll repeat the same thing in the afternoon."
0:37:51 > 0:37:54That was your work, a day's work, every day.
0:37:54 > 0:38:00It's no good just to be just what's called kind.
0:38:00 > 0:38:02You can kill people with kindness.
0:38:02 > 0:38:04You have sometimes to be firm.
0:38:04 > 0:38:09Guttmann was one of the first advocates of sport as therapy for the disabled.
0:38:11 > 0:38:15At first, I used sporting activity as a kind of recreation.
0:38:15 > 0:38:18I found very soon that
0:38:18 > 0:38:25it can play a very important part as a complimentary to the usual methods of physiotherapy.
0:38:25 > 0:38:31Then I saw, of course, how these men react, not only physically,
0:38:31 > 0:38:34but psychologically.
0:38:34 > 0:38:38They suddenly felt...they can do something.
0:38:38 > 0:38:42They can take part in social activities.
0:38:42 > 0:38:47The first team game, which I introduced, was wheelchair polo.
0:38:47 > 0:38:50Later on, I replaced it by basketball.
0:38:50 > 0:38:53Next, Guttmann started the Stoke Mandeville Games,
0:38:53 > 0:38:57a regular national event throughout the '50s.
0:38:57 > 0:39:03The one I liked was the carpet bowls because...I could bend over the chair
0:39:03 > 0:39:09and do the bowls and get me eye in and things like that.
0:39:09 > 0:39:14That was a really good sport for anybody of my level.
0:39:14 > 0:39:20You would try your hardest to come out with a medal, even if it was a bronze.
0:39:20 > 0:39:26An international competition came too in 1952.
0:39:26 > 0:39:28Big breath out and relax.
0:39:28 > 0:39:33Physiotherapist Ida Bromley worked with Guttmann in the '50s and remembers the difference
0:39:33 > 0:39:36his approach made to men like Bill.
0:39:36 > 0:39:41Before the 1950s, one rarely saw a patient in a wheelchair in the community.
0:39:41 > 0:39:46Very few disabled people at that time actually went to work.
0:39:46 > 0:39:52He got a firm in Aylesbury to give four of them a job.
0:39:52 > 0:39:56They went from the hospital to the job in Aylesbury in the morning.
0:39:56 > 0:40:01They worked a day and they came back to the hospital in the evening,
0:40:01 > 0:40:07proving that it was possible, that these paraplegics
0:40:07 > 0:40:09COULD perform a job.
0:40:09 > 0:40:14Disabled had been simply written off
0:40:14 > 0:40:19and here he was concentrating on the abilities of these people
0:40:19 > 0:40:23and what they could contribute to the general community and life in Britain.
0:40:23 > 0:40:25Just going to stretch your back...
0:40:25 > 0:40:32By the end of the 1950s, Stoke Mandeville had opened its doors to civvy street,
0:40:32 > 0:40:36giving everyone with a spinal injury access to Guttmann's innovative techniques.
0:40:36 > 0:40:39For Bill, they made a world of difference.
0:40:39 > 0:40:43Professor Guttmann meant my life.
0:40:44 > 0:40:48He give me something to live for, he really did.
0:40:52 > 0:40:56- What a marvellous man he was. - An amazing man.
0:40:56 > 0:41:03- In the '50s, any paraplegic or whatever, they just tried to brush them under the carpet.- Yeah...
0:41:03 > 0:41:10People, for some reason, even today sometimes, they talk over the head of somebody in a wheelchair.
0:41:10 > 0:41:12It's so wrong!
0:41:12 > 0:41:14They've just got something wrong with them
0:41:14 > 0:41:16so let's just chat on.
0:41:16 > 0:41:23Guttmann knew that. He was also the first guy going round the wards, not being the consultant -
0:41:23 > 0:41:24"Deal with that and off with you."
0:41:24 > 0:41:28He actually spent time with everybody.
0:41:28 > 0:41:31He had a great bedside manner. A fabulous guy.
0:41:31 > 0:41:36As much as anything, he motivated people to WANT to get better,
0:41:36 > 0:41:38to WANT to get up, to WANT to walk.
0:41:38 > 0:41:41You've got to face it. We've got the Paraplegic Olympics
0:41:41 > 0:41:44and without him, you wouldn't have had them.
0:41:44 > 0:41:46The first one I think he only had 12!
0:41:46 > 0:41:52But he had the games idea and he just built and built and built.
0:41:52 > 0:41:57There are certain people that you just need a catalyst to light the fire.
0:41:57 > 0:42:00- He was one of those guys.- Great guy.
0:42:00 > 0:42:02We salute you.
0:42:02 > 0:42:05- We both salute you.- There you are.
0:42:05 > 0:42:08On that uplifting note, we have to leave you now.
0:42:08 > 0:42:12Hasn't time flown, as my nan used to say when the clock fell off the wall.
0:42:12 > 0:42:15Join me on our '50s sofa tomorrow
0:42:15 > 0:42:19when we'll see how 1950s folk enjoyed their time off.
0:42:19 > 0:42:25It's doors to manual with the '50s jet set!
0:42:25 > 0:42:28As we find out what the '50s did for us.
0:42:28 > 0:42:35- Until then, bye-bye, butterfly. From me, Paul...- Bye.
0:42:35 > 0:42:39See you tomorrow on The 1952 Show.
0:42:44 > 0:42:47Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd