0:00:02 > 0:00:04BBC Four Collections -
0:00:04 > 0:00:07archive programmes chosen by experts.
0:00:07 > 0:00:09For this Collection, Gary Boyd-Hope
0:00:09 > 0:00:13has selected programmes celebrating Britain's steam railway legacy.
0:00:13 > 0:00:15More programmes on this theme
0:00:15 > 0:00:16and other BBC Four Collections
0:00:16 > 0:00:18are available on BBC iPlayer.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06The InterCity 125.
0:01:06 > 0:01:08Fast and comfortable.
0:01:08 > 0:01:10It takes me just a shade over two hours
0:01:10 > 0:01:13to come from London to York.
0:01:13 > 0:01:16100 years ago, and it would have taken me twice as long.
0:01:16 > 0:01:18100 years before that...
0:01:18 > 0:01:21I'd have been lucky to do the whole journey in four days.
0:01:21 > 0:01:22Speed and comfort.
0:01:22 > 0:01:26That's what attracted passengers onto the railways.
0:01:26 > 0:01:29But to produce fast and comfortable trains costs money...
0:01:29 > 0:01:32and the proliferation of small companies
0:01:32 > 0:01:33in the early years of the railways
0:01:33 > 0:01:36just didn't have the resources.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38The whole process
0:01:38 > 0:01:40of building up into big companies began
0:01:40 > 0:01:43when George Hudson, known as the Railway King,
0:01:43 > 0:01:46began to draw these small companies together into larger
0:01:46 > 0:01:49and richer groupings that had money to spend.
0:01:50 > 0:01:52CHEERING
0:01:55 > 0:01:59So what better place could there be to look at railway development
0:01:59 > 0:02:03than here in the Railway King's own capital city of York.
0:02:12 > 0:02:14Not that the memories of a long-dead entrepreneur
0:02:14 > 0:02:18are the only lure to draw the railway enthusiast to York.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20'Today, York station is the starting point
0:02:20 > 0:02:25'for a new steam-hauled passenger service.'
0:02:33 > 0:02:36This is Clan Line, the pride and joy
0:02:36 > 0:02:40of the Merchant Navy Locomotive Preservation Society.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42It's half-past six in the morning,
0:02:42 > 0:02:44and already the members of the society
0:02:44 > 0:02:46have been at work for three-quarters of an hour.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49But this train isn't going to be moving out
0:02:49 > 0:02:52until 9.55, when it takes coach loads of enthusiasts
0:02:52 > 0:02:55to enjoy the nostalgia of a steam trip.
0:02:55 > 0:02:59The trouble is, you can't start an engine just by pressing a button.
0:02:59 > 0:03:02It's a long, hard job getting steam up.
0:03:11 > 0:03:14It's not quite the same as lighting the fire at home.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17Getting the heat up for this engine is a very skilled job.
0:03:17 > 0:03:21The fireman has to know where to put the coal in this big firebox...
0:03:21 > 0:03:22and when to put it there.
0:03:22 > 0:03:26There's still a bit to go before he reaches the full working pressure
0:03:26 > 0:03:28of 250 pounds per square inch.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37You need a lot of fuel to keep the engine running
0:03:37 > 0:03:41and the volunteers take on the long job of filling the tender with coal.
0:03:43 > 0:03:44STEAM HISSES
0:03:48 > 0:03:50Steam up and ready to go.
0:03:50 > 0:03:53Rather reluctantly, I have to leave the footplate
0:03:53 > 0:03:56as Clan Line begins its journey.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20WHISTLE BLOWS
0:04:37 > 0:04:41Clan Line was built in 1948, and then completely rebuilt,
0:04:41 > 0:04:44with many alterations, in 1959.
0:04:44 > 0:04:48After that, it did splendid work as an express passenger locomotive.
0:04:48 > 0:04:51It was fast, strong and economical.
0:04:51 > 0:04:54But Clan Line came at the very end of the Steam Age.
0:04:54 > 0:04:57It was the culmination of more than a century of locomotive development.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00That development can be traced at the National Railway Museum,
0:05:00 > 0:05:02here in York.
0:05:02 > 0:05:04It's part of railway history,
0:05:04 > 0:05:07for this was the York North Motor Power Depot.
0:05:07 > 0:05:10It still has many of the features of its working days,
0:05:10 > 0:05:11including the big turntables,
0:05:11 > 0:05:14around which locomotives were grouped for repair.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17Now it houses a marvellous array of locos,
0:05:17 > 0:05:20dating from 1829 right up to the present.
0:05:20 > 0:05:23We'll concentrate on the thoroughbreds of the railway world...
0:05:23 > 0:05:25passenger locomotives.
0:05:25 > 0:05:26I suppose everybody's got
0:05:26 > 0:05:29their favourite locomotive in the collection.
0:05:29 > 0:05:32This is mine - the Stirling Single...
0:05:32 > 0:05:35so-called because it was designed by Patrick Stirling
0:05:35 > 0:05:38and a "single" because it has a single pair of driving wheels.
0:05:38 > 0:05:42These are the ones, the only wheels on the locomotive
0:05:42 > 0:05:46which are actually powered directly by the engine.
0:05:46 > 0:05:49What I like so much about this engine is the sheer beauty of the design.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52Patrick Stirling picked up this motif of the great, curving wheel
0:05:52 > 0:05:55and used it all the way through the engine.
0:05:55 > 0:05:58So you get these lovely, great sweeping curves here.
0:05:58 > 0:06:01And it's not just in the main part of the engine.
0:06:01 > 0:06:03It's carried on all the way through,
0:06:03 > 0:06:05even right down here, under the main frame.
0:06:12 > 0:06:14This is not just a lovely engine,
0:06:14 > 0:06:16it's historically important as well.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20The Stirling Singles took part in the famous Races To The North
0:06:20 > 0:06:22of the 1880s and '90s.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25There were rival companies, one lot running the route from London
0:06:25 > 0:06:28up to Scotland, along the East Coast,
0:06:28 > 0:06:29the other along the West.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32Stirling Singles carried the Great Northern banner
0:06:32 > 0:06:34on the East Coast route.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37Engines such as this ran from London up to York
0:06:37 > 0:06:41and right back in the 1880s, these grand old engines
0:06:41 > 0:06:43were achieving speeds, on average,
0:06:43 > 0:06:45of better than 60mph.
0:06:45 > 0:06:48Sadly, this was on the losing side.
0:06:48 > 0:06:51But we've got one of the winners over here.
0:06:54 > 0:06:56In August, 1895,
0:06:56 > 0:06:59the London & North Western and Caledonian Railways
0:06:59 > 0:07:01finally sewed up the whole race.
0:07:05 > 0:07:07And Hardwicke here
0:07:07 > 0:07:10actually took part in that record-breaking run.
0:07:10 > 0:07:15It had the honour of hauling the train from Crewe up to Carlisle -
0:07:15 > 0:07:17a section which included the famous Shap Bank,
0:07:17 > 0:07:21and it did it at an average speed of 67mph.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25The whole run from London to Aberdeen - that's 540 miles,
0:07:25 > 0:07:28was covered in 512 minutes,
0:07:28 > 0:07:31and that's a record for steam engines that stands to this very day.
0:07:43 > 0:07:45Think about steam locomotives and speed,
0:07:45 > 0:07:49and you have to think about this engine, Mallard -
0:07:49 > 0:07:52one of the famous class of A4 Pacifics.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55This is the engine that still holds the world speed record
0:07:55 > 0:07:58at 126mph.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07'Our own journey won't be reaching quite that sort of speed.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10'But now that the train's made up with its coaches,
0:08:10 > 0:08:13'it's heading off to York station to pick up the passengers.'
0:08:13 > 0:08:17MUSIC: "Happy Days Are Here Again" by Jack Payne
0:08:40 > 0:08:43STEAM HISSES
0:08:43 > 0:08:44The engine moves off
0:08:44 > 0:08:47to the accompaniment of the unique sounds of steam.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50ENGINE CHUFFS
0:08:54 > 0:08:56WHISTLE BLOWS
0:09:21 > 0:09:24We're going to follow Clan Line on its journey
0:09:24 > 0:09:27and look at some of the major engineering features along the way.
0:09:27 > 0:09:31The whole trip covers a circular route of 64 miles.
0:09:31 > 0:09:34From York, it's a short run to the once-busy railway junction
0:09:34 > 0:09:36Church Fenton,
0:09:36 > 0:09:40and then on to the industrial centre of Leeds.
0:09:40 > 0:09:41We leave the city,
0:09:41 > 0:09:44and travel through the beautiful Dales countryside
0:09:44 > 0:09:45to the spa town of Harrogate,
0:09:45 > 0:09:48then across the River Nidd to Knaresborough....
0:09:48 > 0:09:51and then round to complete the circle back to York again.
0:09:54 > 0:09:56We pick up Clan Line
0:09:56 > 0:09:59steaming towards the first major landmark on the journey.
0:09:59 > 0:10:01WHISTLE BLOWS
0:10:19 > 0:10:22Church Fenton is perhaps the ideal place at which
0:10:22 > 0:10:25to look at what happened with railway amalgamation.
0:10:25 > 0:10:30The first station here was built in 1840 by the York & North Midland.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34That's it over there, looking rather like an overgrown parsonage.
0:10:34 > 0:10:36The early companies liked to build their stations
0:10:36 > 0:10:38rather like country houses,
0:10:38 > 0:10:41simply because it reassured people who weren't used to
0:10:41 > 0:10:44this new-fangled invention, railway travel.
0:10:44 > 0:10:46Then, 14 years later,
0:10:46 > 0:10:49the company was taken over by the North Eastern Railway.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52Because this was a busy junction, where the Leeds line split off
0:10:52 > 0:10:56from the Hull line, they thought the whole place would grow in importance,
0:10:56 > 0:10:59and they built a whole complex of stations.
0:10:59 > 0:11:02And they hoped Church Fenton would grow with the station.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04Sadly, it never did.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13'Church Fenton never grew,
0:11:13 > 0:11:17'but Leeds did, into one of the great commercial and manufacturing centres
0:11:17 > 0:11:19'of the woollen industry.
0:11:19 > 0:11:22'The line comes in past the tightly packed homes and the mills,
0:11:22 > 0:11:27'the whole scene dominated by the tall tower of the Parish Church.'
0:11:27 > 0:11:31The route of the railway lay right through Leeds Parish Churchyard.
0:11:31 > 0:11:33It was planned to build it on a high embankment,
0:11:33 > 0:11:35so the dead had to be moved.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38The gravestones were picked up and laid at an angle,
0:11:38 > 0:11:41right up here along the embankment.
0:11:41 > 0:11:42And here they are, right to this day.
0:11:57 > 0:11:59WHISTLE BLOWS
0:12:11 > 0:12:14'Not everyone welcomed the arrival of the railways.
0:12:14 > 0:12:17'The Leeds & Liverpool Canal Company certainly didn't.
0:12:17 > 0:12:20'The train could carry bigger loads and carry them faster
0:12:20 > 0:12:22'than the canals could.
0:12:22 > 0:12:27'It was the beginning of the great period of decline in canal transport.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30'A new age of transport had arrived
0:12:30 > 0:12:32'and their age was finished.'
0:12:36 > 0:12:38'The train dives down into a deep cutting,
0:12:38 > 0:12:42'through the ridge that lies across its path to the north of Leeds.
0:12:42 > 0:12:44'But there's a limit to how deep you can make a cutting,
0:12:44 > 0:12:48'and eventually the engineers were forced to go underground.'
0:12:48 > 0:12:49WHISTLE BLOWS
0:12:52 > 0:12:55'This is the southern end of the Bramhope Tunnel.
0:12:55 > 0:12:57'one of the major engineering features of the line.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00'Two miles and 243 yards long,
0:13:00 > 0:13:02'cut though hard, millstone grit.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11'The northern end of the tunnel is really rather grand,
0:13:11 > 0:13:15'designed like a medieval fortress, with castellations and towers,
0:13:15 > 0:13:18'one of which is the tunnel keeper's lonely home.'
0:13:22 > 0:13:24It's a bit of a good joke,
0:13:24 > 0:13:27finding Bramhope Tunnel here in miniature.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29But it wasn't meant for fun.
0:13:29 > 0:13:33When the railways were built, there was no modern technology to call on.
0:13:33 > 0:13:36Men used the simplest of tools - pickaxes, shovels,
0:13:36 > 0:13:39wheelbarrows and a bit of gunpowder.
0:13:39 > 0:13:41And tunnelling was worst of all -
0:13:41 > 0:13:43dark, dangerous work.
0:13:43 > 0:13:46And men died in the tunnel at Bramhope.
0:13:46 > 0:13:48And this is their memorial.
0:13:48 > 0:13:50And that's why it isn't a joke.
0:13:57 > 0:14:02'Once you leave Bramhope, you come out into the Yorkshire Dales.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05'The engineers, instead of having to cope with a ridge across the line,
0:14:05 > 0:14:08'had the deep valley of Crimple Beck to bridge.
0:14:13 > 0:14:16'The train crosses the Crimple Viaduct,
0:14:16 > 0:14:18'which makes a splendid addition to the scenery,
0:14:18 > 0:14:22'and gives the passengers, in turn, a splendid view of the Dales.'
0:14:22 > 0:14:24MUSIC: "Choo Choo" by Jack Payne
0:14:46 > 0:14:48There's a last view along the Wharfedale Valley
0:14:48 > 0:14:51before the train begins to steam into the spa town of Harrogate.
0:14:58 > 0:15:01'The train goes into and out of the short tunnel
0:15:01 > 0:15:02'and into Harrogate station.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04'Not much of the old station has survived
0:15:04 > 0:15:06'a recent major redevelopment.
0:15:06 > 0:15:09'It's certainly very different from the station I knew
0:15:09 > 0:15:12'when I worked here as a porter, more than 20 years ago.
0:15:12 > 0:15:15'Steam-hauled passenger trains were then a commonplace,
0:15:15 > 0:15:17'including some of the prestige expresses.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19'You could always hope for a fat tip
0:15:19 > 0:15:21'from the passengers on the Yorkshire Pullman.
0:15:21 > 0:15:25'That was generally considered to be the epitome of railway luxury.
0:15:25 > 0:15:29'Comfort's always been considered to be a factor of some importance
0:15:29 > 0:15:31'in attracting passengers to the railways.
0:15:31 > 0:15:33'But like the locomotives,
0:15:33 > 0:15:36'the passenger coach developed over a long period of time.
0:15:36 > 0:15:39'So, let's leave our train in Harrogate for a while,
0:15:39 > 0:15:41'and travel back to the Railway Museum
0:15:41 > 0:15:44'to look at some of the early passenger coaches in the collection.'
0:15:50 > 0:15:53Many people would perhaps say that the locomotives,
0:15:53 > 0:15:56grouped round the turntable here, represent the really interesting,
0:15:56 > 0:16:00and certainly the most romantic part of railway history.
0:16:00 > 0:16:04Rolling stock's no more than an incidental. Well, I don't agree.
0:16:04 > 0:16:05The rolling stock's grouped around
0:16:05 > 0:16:09the second of the two turntables in the museum,
0:16:09 > 0:16:11and there are coaches here going right back to the 1830s.
0:16:13 > 0:16:16This is the oldest, from the Bodmin & Wadebridge Railway.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18It looks a bit like a cattle truck, but it's not,
0:16:18 > 0:16:20it's a truck for human beings.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22It's a third-class compartment.
0:16:22 > 0:16:23The railway company thought it
0:16:23 > 0:16:25quite good enough for the poor old peasants.
0:16:25 > 0:16:27The first and second class over there,
0:16:27 > 0:16:29they had the luxury of a covered carriage,
0:16:29 > 0:16:32but truth to tell, it wasn't that much more comfortable.
0:16:37 > 0:16:38I'm perched up here on top of
0:16:38 > 0:16:42a Stockton & Darlington coach of the 1840s.
0:16:42 > 0:16:44By this date, things were getting a bit better,
0:16:44 > 0:16:47though it's interesting to see the way the design
0:16:47 > 0:16:50follows that of the old-fashioned stagecoach.
0:16:50 > 0:16:52If you look at the individual compartments,
0:16:52 > 0:16:54you'll see they have the same curving lines
0:16:54 > 0:16:56as you'd find in the old coaches.
0:16:56 > 0:16:59The luggage was piled up here on top, just as with the coaches.
0:16:59 > 0:17:03The guard sat right up here, just where I am.
0:17:03 > 0:17:05And when he got a signal from the driver on the whistle
0:17:05 > 0:17:07that the train was going to stop,
0:17:07 > 0:17:09he had to scramble down in a hurry.
0:17:09 > 0:17:13Believe me, it's awkward enough doing it now with the thing standing still.
0:17:13 > 0:17:16Heaven knows what it was like when everything was moving.
0:17:16 > 0:17:19And once he got down, he...hauled up on the brake
0:17:19 > 0:17:21and everything came to a stop.
0:17:21 > 0:17:25But this was still a coach for first and second-class passengers only.
0:17:25 > 0:17:27The poor old third-class passengers
0:17:27 > 0:17:29still had a bit longer to wait for a decent deal.
0:17:43 > 0:17:47In the 1870s, Midland Railways decreed that there should be covered
0:17:47 > 0:17:49third-class compartments on every train.
0:17:49 > 0:17:51And they went even further than that.
0:17:51 > 0:17:56They put first-class and third-class compartments in the same carriage.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59The other railway companies screamed, "Socially undesirable!"
0:17:59 > 0:18:01The Midland Railway replied,
0:18:01 > 0:18:04"Maybe, but it's very profitable."
0:18:04 > 0:18:07And the others just had to toe the line.
0:18:09 > 0:18:11'The Harrogate stop's finished.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14'The passengers have had a chance to get down and stretch their legs
0:18:14 > 0:18:15'and admire the locomotive.
0:18:15 > 0:18:19'But now it's time for the second half of the journey, back to York.'
0:18:21 > 0:18:23ENGINE CHUFFS
0:18:25 > 0:18:27WHISTLE BLOWS
0:18:47 > 0:18:49Perhaps the most spectacular feature of the whole journey
0:18:49 > 0:18:52is the crossing of the River Nidd at Knaresborough.
0:18:52 > 0:18:56It's an attractive market town, dominated by the castle on the hill.
0:18:56 > 0:18:58'On a bright summer's day,
0:18:58 > 0:19:00'when the river's busy with pleasure boats,
0:19:00 > 0:19:03'it's not hard to see why Knaresborough and its river
0:19:03 > 0:19:05'have been such favourites
0:19:05 > 0:19:07of manufacturers of postcards and calendars.'
0:19:13 > 0:19:15Now that the train's gone by,
0:19:15 > 0:19:17let's take a closer look at the viaduct.
0:19:17 > 0:19:21It all looks wonderfully safe and secure, doesn't it?
0:19:21 > 0:19:24A masterpiece of Victorian civil engineering.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26But it wasn't always quite that secure.
0:19:26 > 0:19:28On the 11th of March, 1848,
0:19:28 > 0:19:32when it was almost completed, the whole thing fell down.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34The whole river was filled with rubble,
0:19:34 > 0:19:36the water backed up for miles,
0:19:36 > 0:19:39houses were flooded, and they were picking up dead fish in the street.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42They had to rebuild the whole thing from scratch.
0:19:42 > 0:19:45And when they did so, they looked at the castle upon the hill,
0:19:45 > 0:19:46and thought, "Let's match it."
0:19:46 > 0:19:49So they built a splendid medieval-style viaduct,
0:19:49 > 0:19:51and here it is -
0:19:51 > 0:19:53a piece of fine, castellated railway architecture.
0:19:56 > 0:19:59'At Hammerton, the locomotive slows down to little more
0:19:59 > 0:20:01'than a walking pace,
0:20:01 > 0:20:04'for the driver to collect a large ring carrying a token.
0:20:04 > 0:20:08'The reason is that beyond this point, we're down to single track,
0:20:08 > 0:20:12'and so, to make sure there aren't two trains racing towards each other
0:20:12 > 0:20:13'down the same set of lines,
0:20:13 > 0:20:15'no engine is allowed to enter the section
0:20:15 > 0:20:18'without the one-and-only token.
0:20:18 > 0:20:20'The single line section ends at Poppleton...
0:20:20 > 0:20:23'and now the process has to be reversed.
0:20:23 > 0:20:25'A token has to be handed in,
0:20:25 > 0:20:28'ready for collection by the next train coming the other way.'
0:20:39 > 0:20:41The journey's almost over.
0:20:41 > 0:20:44The 500-year-old towers of York Minster
0:20:44 > 0:20:46stand high on the horizon,
0:20:46 > 0:20:49and the 100-year-old station lies ahead.
0:20:58 > 0:21:02WHISTLE BLOWS
0:21:02 > 0:21:04'It's been a journey back through a railway past
0:21:04 > 0:21:07'which is still a part of the railway present.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10'For all those great engineering features -
0:21:10 > 0:21:12'tunnels, cuttings, viaducts and stations,
0:21:12 > 0:21:14'are still used by the regular services
0:21:14 > 0:21:17'that run over these same tracks each and every day.
0:21:17 > 0:21:19'And not just in York.
0:21:19 > 0:21:23'Our whole modern railway network is built on foundations
0:21:23 > 0:21:24'laid by Victorian engineers.
0:21:24 > 0:21:27'It's a past which is still very much with us,
0:21:27 > 0:21:31'even if our steam locomotive is only in use on the weekend specials.'
0:21:37 > 0:21:40After the pleasure and delights of the steam excursion,
0:21:40 > 0:21:42the railway enthusiasts tend to gather
0:21:42 > 0:21:45for other delights in the railway hotel.
0:21:50 > 0:21:53Here we are, and for a building that's just celebrated its centenary,
0:21:53 > 0:21:55it still looks a remarkably fine edifice.
0:22:05 > 0:22:07The splendid railway hotel
0:22:07 > 0:22:10is more than just a place for the weary traveller to lay his head.
0:22:10 > 0:22:13It was an advertisement for the railway company, saying,
0:22:13 > 0:22:17"I am grand, I am opulent and so is our railway.
0:22:17 > 0:22:18"Travel with us."
0:22:41 > 0:22:44This used to be the billiard room, down here in the basement.
0:22:44 > 0:22:48Victorian gentlemen used to repair here after dinner,
0:22:48 > 0:22:51with their brandy and cigars for a quick game of billiards.
0:22:51 > 0:22:55Today, it's the mecca of the railway maniacs -
0:22:55 > 0:22:57the Railway Mania bar.
0:22:57 > 0:22:59A place full of atmosphere,
0:22:59 > 0:23:01surrounded by the mementos of the steam age.
0:23:01 > 0:23:04All kinds of things, from old LNER posters
0:23:04 > 0:23:06to the penny-in-the-slot machine
0:23:06 > 0:23:08from the platform Gents.
0:23:08 > 0:23:11And here the enthusiasts come after the trip,
0:23:11 > 0:23:14to talk over old days and old trains.
0:23:18 > 0:23:19Then, at the end of a day,
0:23:19 > 0:23:22it's time to sup up the last pint...
0:23:25 > 0:23:27and head for home from the station.
0:23:44 > 0:23:48The great railway stations seem, more than any other buildings,
0:23:48 > 0:23:51to epitomise Victorian self-confidence
0:23:51 > 0:23:54and unquestioning belief in the virtue of progress.
0:23:54 > 0:23:56But how do you measure progress?
0:23:56 > 0:23:58Do you think of it in terms of the creation of wealth -
0:23:58 > 0:24:02the glittering chandeliers in the railway hotel?
0:24:02 > 0:24:04Or do you think of the memorial to the dead navvies
0:24:04 > 0:24:06in Otley Churchyard?
0:24:06 > 0:24:09Certainly, the Industrial Revolution did create wealth.
0:24:09 > 0:24:12But it also created a great deal of misery.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14But it left us something else -
0:24:14 > 0:24:18it left some magnificent memorials to man's ingenuity.
0:24:18 > 0:24:21And however you think about it, one thing is certain -
0:24:21 > 0:24:23it's in that industrial past
0:24:23 > 0:24:26that our industrial present was born.