:00:07. > :00:08.Welcome to Edinburgh for this special Drumhead Service
:00:09. > :00:10.to mark the centenary and start of Scotland's World War I
:00:11. > :00:15.The service, organised by the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo on behalf
:00:16. > :00:19.of the Scottish Commemorations Panel, will begin in about half an
:00:20. > :00:24.hour and in just a few minutes, the magnificent castle esplanade will
:00:25. > :00:27.fill up with the sights and sounds of the bands of the Royal
:00:28. > :00:34.Marines, the Army, the RAF, massed pipes and drums and a large choir.
:00:35. > :00:37.There will be detachments from each of the services as well
:00:38. > :00:42.Around the esplanade, the congregation, largely made up
:00:43. > :00:46.of a cross-section of Scotland's population, are taking their seats.
:00:47. > :00:52.They are all here to remember the sacrifices and losses our country
:00:53. > :00:57.In less than half an hour, in the presence of Edinburgh's Lord Provost
:00:58. > :01:00.and senior members of the armed forces and Scotland's political
:01:01. > :01:06.community, senior clergy from the navy, army and the RAF will conduct
:01:07. > :01:10.a drumhead service - an appropriate way to pay tribute
:01:11. > :01:24.A drumhead occasion for servicemen in the
:01:25. > :01:27.field, held for the purposes of ordinary Sunday
:01:28. > :01:29.field, held for the purposes of going into battle, or to remember
:01:30. > :01:35.fallen comrades. They have been in existence for centuries, and during
:01:36. > :01:38.the First World War and beyond, existence for centuries, and during
:01:39. > :01:40.were held at home as well as a fitting way to remember the
:01:41. > :01:47.sacrifices of the men of the front. fitting way to remember the
:01:48. > :01:50.This rare film footage shows one held in a London park in 1916. By
:01:51. > :01:55.then, most of the towns and held in a London park in 1916. By
:01:56. > :01:59.of Britain would have been affected by the losses in the trenches. The
:02:00. > :02:01.drumhead is simply a neatly piled set of drums with the colours draped
:02:02. > :02:05.over them to serve as set of drums with the colours draped
:02:06. > :02:10.altar. Historically, the drum played a crucial role as a way of
:02:11. > :02:15.communicating orders during the chaos of Apple. With such an
:02:16. > :02:18.important part to play, drummers were elite soldiers, and that drums
:02:19. > :02:22.were often painted with the regimental colours. Drumhead
:02:23. > :02:27.services are still held in the field and at home, and while the drums
:02:28. > :02:31.that gave them their name now have a purely ceremonial role in military
:02:32. > :02:35.life, drumhead services are as meaningful as ever, and remain a
:02:36. > :02:43.fitting way to worship and remember the fallen. At the end of this
:02:44. > :02:45.drumhead service, the military, the bands and the congregation will be
:02:46. > :02:50.invited to process down the Royal Mile, blood passed St Giles
:02:51. > :02:52.Cathedral and the Stone of Remembrance at the city Chambers.
:02:53. > :02:55.War was declared on 4th August 1914 and earlier this week was
:02:56. > :02:57.commemorated beautifully with services from Liege to London
:02:58. > :03:01.This is the start of commemorations of Scotland's
:03:02. > :03:06.contribution to the war and with me in the studio is military historian
:03:07. > :03:19.Just to be clear, this is not a celebration, it is a commemoration?
:03:20. > :03:23.It is about thinking of people who served in the First World War. This
:03:24. > :03:29.is normally a place of entertainment. But today, this is a
:03:30. > :03:33.religious and military service. What I hope will happen is that people
:03:34. > :03:35.will think about the people who served in the First World War,
:03:36. > :03:42.especially those who made the ultimate sacrifice. The stands are
:03:43. > :03:46.filling up with people. I think Hurricane Bertha is putting people
:03:47. > :03:51.off! We are slightly on the fringes that today. But there are people
:03:52. > :03:54.here from all over Scotland. Invitations went out to all areas?
:03:55. > :03:57.here from all over Scotland. The thing about this drumhead
:03:58. > :03:59.service is that it is thoroughly inclusive.
:04:00. > :04:02.service is that it is thoroughly panel wanted it to be that way. We
:04:03. > :04:08.wanted those who felt a need to come to Edinburgh today, from Shetland
:04:09. > :04:12.right down to the Scottish orders, they are all being represented. Yes,
:04:13. > :04:15.the weather is not great. There is nothing we can do about that.
:04:16. > :04:19.Hurricane Bertha has a lot to answer for. We ought remember that this
:04:20. > :04:23.replicates a lot of the weather that ordinary person I would have had to
:04:24. > :04:29.face in the First World War. And that element of replication is part
:04:30. > :04:34.of what today is about. Explaining the significance of starting here
:04:35. > :04:38.with a drumhead service at Edinburgh Castle? Well, Edinburgh is the
:04:39. > :04:41.capital of Scotland. The castle is its focal point. Today, it is
:04:42. > :04:46.probably better known as a tourist attraction, but in its day, it was a
:04:47. > :04:50.military installation. During the First World War, it was the centre
:04:51. > :04:54.of Scottish command, which directed the Scottish war effort. There was a
:04:55. > :04:59.resident battalion here, and people in Edinburgh would have been used to
:05:00. > :05:06.seeing soldiers in uniform, in this case, kilted Highland soldiers in
:05:07. > :05:10.uniform. So there is a sense of going back to August 1949 rendering
:05:11. > :05:16.what this place must have been like. What was the mood of the nation like
:05:17. > :05:23.100 years ago? It is difficult for us in some ways to think ourselves
:05:24. > :05:27.into a frame of mind working and country and duty were so important
:05:28. > :05:35.to people. It was a curious mixture of excitement, exhilaration, fear,
:05:36. > :05:38.concerned. But above all, relief. We have to remember that this crisis
:05:39. > :05:42.had been running throughout the summer. The crisis in the Balkans
:05:43. > :05:46.was going to explode into war. Were the great powers going to get
:05:47. > :05:50.involved? More importantly, was Great Britain going to get involved?
:05:51. > :05:54.It was not until the last minute on August four, when Britain issued an
:05:55. > :05:57.ultimatum to Germany, when people realised we were on the edge of what
:05:58. > :06:01.would turn out to be a global conflict. The doors of the
:06:02. > :06:08.portcullis at Edinburgh Castle have opened. Any moment, we can expect
:06:09. > :06:14.the band of the Royal Marines to come through and bring us the first
:06:15. > :06:22.piece of pageantry we will see today. It is unusual for there to be
:06:23. > :06:25.three services involved. It is. And there I said, the size of our armed
:06:26. > :06:30.forces is getting so small that it is wonderful that they have made
:06:31. > :06:33.this effort to be here today. How wonderful to see the band of the
:06:34. > :06:43.marines marching. The Navy take precedence in a parade of this kind.
:06:44. > :06:48.ARCA soldiers, -- and the soldiers who are both ceremonial and they
:06:49. > :06:55.fight. It typified the modern army. And here comes the Navy. It is
:06:56. > :07:02.interesting that the Navy do not call their colours colours. They
:07:03. > :07:08.call it an ensign. It is no different for being that. These are
:07:09. > :07:15.not flags, by the way, they are colours. They also have a spiritual
:07:16. > :07:23.meaning for the service personnel. They guard them with their lives.
:07:24. > :07:28.The Navy are beginning the procession because they are the
:07:29. > :07:32.senior service. We are hearing the naval march being played. In 1914,
:07:33. > :07:37.most of Britain's defence expenditure went on the Royal Navy.
:07:38. > :07:44.The bulk of our defence budget was committed to them. The bulk of the
:07:45. > :07:52.Navy was committed to Scotland. There were units in Invergordon, and
:07:53. > :08:00.the Firth Forth. It was a highly physical presence. And the famous
:08:01. > :08:06.heart of oak. Yes. To give you an example of the size of the Navy, the
:08:07. > :08:12.grand Fleet numbered 160 ship. It was one of the biggest navies in the
:08:13. > :08:17.world. That and they had a big fleet in the Firth of Forth, near here?
:08:18. > :08:21.From 1915 onwards, they had the battle cruiser fleet. These were
:08:22. > :08:25.big, beautiful, heavily on chips. Very fast and effective. They did
:08:26. > :08:30.lack armour, but that did not matter, because at the time, people
:08:31. > :08:33.looked from the castle hill where we are, looking across the Firth of
:08:34. > :08:39.Forth, and they would see these ship 's. Now they are going to do a bit
:08:40. > :08:43.of what is called dressing. Although they are not changing their
:08:44. > :08:45.uniforms. They are getting themselves into straight lines. This
:08:46. > :08:49.will take a bit of time, because they have to be careful to make sure
:08:50. > :08:56.they are properly lined up before the parade begins. Let's go over now
:08:57. > :09:00.to Dougie Vipond, who is in the stands, talking to a couple of
:09:01. > :09:05.people who have come to be part of this day.
:09:06. > :09:10.Yes, the stands are filling up ahead of this drumhead ceremony. People
:09:11. > :09:13.are coming from across the country to remember people who were involved
:09:14. > :09:18.in the First World War. And Walker, beside me, has a poignant reason for
:09:19. > :09:24.being here to think of your father. Where did he serve? He served first
:09:25. > :09:29.of all in England, training horses for the much-needed cavalry and
:09:30. > :09:34.other regiments who still rode horses. Then he was sent to Egypt
:09:35. > :09:41.where he took part in the last battle to secure the Suez Canal for
:09:42. > :09:45.the United forces, and then on to Larnaca, where he fought for 18
:09:46. > :09:51.months. And finally, France. Your father was a farmer. And you
:09:52. > :09:56.remember him on the fields when he came back. Jilly macro comedy came
:09:57. > :09:59.back to a completely different community which was decimated
:10:00. > :10:03.because of the menfolk who did not come back? Indeed, he came back to a
:10:04. > :10:05.farm which had been neglected not through any fault of my
:10:06. > :10:09.grandmother's, but because the men had all been called up and many of
:10:10. > :10:16.the horses had been taken away for war purposes as well. But I remember
:10:17. > :10:20.him, when I was very small, on the 11th hour of the 11th day,
:10:21. > :10:26.remembering everybody he fought with. Thank you for coming along.
:10:27. > :10:30.Thank you for sharing your memories of your father. I am doing also by
:10:31. > :10:36.lieutenant colonel Peter Litho, OBE. of your father. I am doing also by
:10:37. > :10:40.You are here partly because of your grandfather but also because of the
:10:41. > :10:45.Territorial Army in Scotland. Tummy firstly about your grandfather. You
:10:46. > :10:51.are wearing his medals? Yes, he was in the First World War as a young
:10:52. > :10:55.officer and was awarded a military Cross. Ann was talking about the
:10:56. > :11:01.fact that men came back to decimated communities. The Territorial Army
:11:02. > :11:04.work involved in taking men from communities who perhaps were not
:11:05. > :11:08.expecting to go to war in the first place? I am fortunate in commanding
:11:09. > :11:12.the 51st Highland Regiment of place? I am fortunate in commanding
:11:13. > :11:14.Scotland. We now represent all of those Territorial Army battalions
:11:15. > :11:21.that were there 100 years ago, in one battalion. We get out to all the
:11:22. > :11:26.communities as often as we can. You really note the impact that that
:11:27. > :11:33.had. We were on the Isle of Skye last Monday, taking part in a lovely
:11:34. > :11:37.ceremony. There were 45 people that were remembered. But that is the
:11:38. > :11:42.same for many communities across the Highlands that lost many men. We are
:11:43. > :11:46.seeing the army walking along to Scotland The Brave behind us. As far
:11:47. > :11:50.as the Territorial Army are concerned, how important a day is
:11:51. > :11:54.this to take time to remember those who went before them? It is hugely
:11:55. > :11:59.important. After the initial battles of the First World War, we more and
:12:00. > :12:05.more heavily relied on the territorial Force to support the
:12:06. > :12:13.Army and whole line. They were paramount to the freedom we now
:12:14. > :12:19.enjoy. Thank you for joining us. Yes, the band of The Royal Regiment
:12:20. > :12:25.of Scotland, and the Army colours of the Royal Scots Borderers, The Royal
:12:26. > :12:34.Regiment of Scotland, also referred to as one SCOTS. A lot of kilts here
:12:35. > :12:38.today. Yes, The Royal Regiment of Scotland all wear the kilt. It was
:12:39. > :12:43.formed in 2006 and the decision was taken by the Army at the kilt was so
:12:44. > :12:49.recognisable that everybody should wear it. Today, everybody wears the
:12:50. > :12:58.kilt. It is interesting that we have the 1st Battalion here. They
:12:59. > :13:06.represent the Royal Scots and the royal Scotland borderers. And the
:13:07. > :13:10.rest of the Army represented here are from across the 51st Infantry
:13:11. > :13:15.Brigade. And they are made up from different units to represent the
:13:16. > :13:21.range of units involved in the First World War. They were not all
:13:22. > :13:25.infantry. Today, there are some from the Royal Logistics Corps, the Royal
:13:26. > :13:31.Engineers, the Royal Artillery. Also including some reservists, who used
:13:32. > :13:37.to be known as the Territorial Army. Indeed. As the colonel said
:13:38. > :13:40.earlier, the reservists were an important part of the war effort.
:13:41. > :13:45.The territorial Force, as it was known then, was only meant to do
:13:46. > :13:52.home service. But when war broke out, every TA battalion was given
:13:53. > :13:55.the option of serving abroad, and each battalion took that
:13:56. > :13:59.opportunity, simply because they wanted to be part of the action.
:14:00. > :14:04.They wanted to do their bit for their country. They also wanted to
:14:05. > :14:15.see whether their training, and these were well-trained young men,
:14:16. > :14:20.if it actually worked. This is the start of Scotland's commemorations
:14:21. > :14:26.programme. You were on the panel, Trevor, that decided how the
:14:27. > :14:31.commemorations should be done. What were the guiding principles? First
:14:32. > :14:37.of all, we began with the word commemorations. But that only took
:14:38. > :14:41.us so far. We wanted to mark the special elements of the First World
:14:42. > :14:47.War which were particular to Scotland. It did not make it better,
:14:48. > :14:51.it just made it to. We looked at various elements. Obviously, you
:14:52. > :14:54.start with the battles. Next year, we will commemorate the battle of
:14:55. > :15:02.loose, the fighting in Gallup only, into 1916, the battle of Jutland.
:15:03. > :15:08.But we will not be neglecting what happened on the home front and what
:15:09. > :15:13.happened to others. The First World War lasted a long time, and it
:15:14. > :15:17.involved a lot of people. We hope that all of their work will be
:15:18. > :15:21.commemorated in some way over the next five years. Let's not forget,
:15:22. > :15:30.this is only the beginning of the commemoration. We still have a few
:15:31. > :15:34.years to go. There is historical dispute about if we work
:15:35. > :15:39.disproportionately affected by losses in the First World War. But
:15:40. > :15:43.Scots were certainly thick in it and suffered a great deal? In the first
:15:44. > :15:50.two years of the war, all the evidence points that in 1914, Scots
:15:51. > :15:58.did join up in higher numbers, proportionally, than any other part
:15:59. > :16:02.of the Arctic Kingdom in the crucial 18-41 age group. They did it for all
:16:03. > :16:09.sorts of reasons. Part of it is stuff like this. The music, quite
:16:10. > :16:15.honestly, it's quite exciting! The RAF March Past. This is the Central
:16:16. > :16:27.Staff Band Of The Royal Air Force. The Royal Air Force had not
:16:28. > :16:30.into being and did not come into being until 1918, but was
:16:31. > :16:38.represented by the Royal Flying Corps, a very important part of the
:16:39. > :16:44.operations. The RAF colours are the Queen's colours. Which, normally,
:16:45. > :16:50.you would not expect to see when the Queen is not here. But they are
:16:51. > :16:53.allowed to carry them? Normally only on parade when Her Majesty is
:16:54. > :17:02.present. Of course, the Queen is not here today. This is the Queen's Own
:17:03. > :17:08.Colour Squadron. You can hear the crowd responding.
:17:09. > :17:24.Just looking at these guys, they must be exhausted. They have been
:17:25. > :17:30.playing that tattoo, not to mention the pipes and drums. On duty all the
:17:31. > :17:37.time, practically? Indeed, but it shows the durability of the
:17:38. > :17:41.personnel, they can go to Afghanistan, they can go on parade,
:17:42. > :17:47.they can do lots of things and we should be very proud of them. Let's
:17:48. > :17:53.go to do divide pond again. -- do divide pond. -- Dougie Vipond. We
:17:54. > :18:00.have heard some incredible stories of bravery, one particular story
:18:01. > :18:03.about the pioneering spirit of women during the First World War is
:18:04. > :18:09.extraordinary, the story of the Scottish Women's Hospitals. Iain
:18:10. > :18:16.Morrison is here. I hadn't heard of them, tell me about them. In 1914,
:18:17. > :18:19.women doctors were relatively rare. They were struggling to gain
:18:20. > :18:22.recognition in They were struggling to gain
:18:23. > :18:25.Despite that, women really wanted to contribute to the war effort. Many
:18:26. > :18:30.tried to enlist contribute to the war effort. Many
:18:31. > :18:34.down. Elsie Ingalls was turned down, but she was undaunted and
:18:35. > :18:38.determined to continue. She came up with the idea of forming an all
:18:39. > :18:43.woman hospital unit, called the Scottish Women's Hospitals.
:18:44. > :18:50.Everybody, from the senior surgeon, to the ambulance driver, was a
:18:51. > :18:52.woman. She was a prominent suffragette, and she enlisted the
:18:53. > :19:01.campaign with the funding and financing. Having been turned down,
:19:02. > :19:05.they offered the service to the Allies, and the French and Serbians
:19:06. > :19:09.gratefully accepted. The first unit went to France in 1914 and that
:19:10. > :19:15.started a remarkable story. Were they welcomed by the British Army?
:19:16. > :19:18.Did they work with British soldiers? They didn't, the interesting thing
:19:19. > :19:23.is, on the ground, the Allied medical response works really well
:19:24. > :19:27.together. For the first time, women worked alongside male counterparts
:19:28. > :19:30.on an equal basis. Not on the same hospital, but there was great
:19:31. > :19:34.cooperation and greater mutual respect. I guess this is a time when
:19:35. > :19:36.cooperation and greater mutual women doctors would not may be given
:19:37. > :19:42.the respect they should have got at that time? Absolutely. The
:19:43. > :19:43.the respect they should have got at that women could take at that time
:19:44. > :19:48.were quite limited. We are seeing a that women could take at that time
:19:49. > :19:58.picture of Doctor Louise Marco Reus. Indeed, we have been researching her
:19:59. > :20:04.career. They were taken with the French expeditionary Force to Serbia
:20:05. > :20:08.and Salonika. In this picture she is probably in her 40s.
:20:09. > :20:12.and Salonika. In this picture she is assured and confident, but the
:20:13. > :20:15.learning curve had been really steep. Not only was she a senior
:20:16. > :20:18.surgeon responsible for nearly all of the operations, she had to
:20:19. > :20:20.surgeon responsible for nearly all hospital and the really difficult
:20:21. > :20:24.conditions. Her letters are really vivid and she rides home that the
:20:25. > :20:31.conditions here are indescribable, one point, she says. They are very
:20:32. > :20:37.tested in Salonika, as are the troops. They are not only dealing
:20:38. > :20:40.with wounded men, they have a huge epidemic of malaria and dysentery.
:20:41. > :20:45.It is obvious from the archives that the women are tested to the limits
:20:46. > :20:52.of endurance, but they keep going. They certainly do, we thank you for
:20:53. > :20:56.keeping their story alive. The pipes and drums have been
:20:57. > :21:01.keeping going as well. No mistaking the sound of them. Made up of
:21:02. > :21:09.musicians from the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards, The Royal Dragoon
:21:10. > :21:16.Guards, Royal Scots borderers, 1st Battalion Regiment Of Scotland.
:21:17. > :21:26.Highlanders, Royal Reg and Scotland, the first Italian comedy Regiment,
:21:27. > :21:32.all here today. -- first Irish Regiment. The pipes have an
:21:33. > :21:36.important part to play. Not only do they provide music and a sense of
:21:37. > :21:39.sensibility during the working day, in time of war, especially during
:21:40. > :21:48.the First World War, there are instances of pipers playing their
:21:49. > :21:57.men into battle. At the Battle of Loos, one won The Victoria Cross,
:21:58. > :22:01.well-deserved, the men had suffered a gas attack, he rallied them and
:22:02. > :22:04.led the charge. They had an important part to play. And they are
:22:05. > :22:10.not just there to make tourists happy, they play an essential part
:22:11. > :22:14.in the British Army. Each of those pipers and grammars is also a
:22:15. > :22:21.trained medic or a trained driver. They are operational soldiers as
:22:22. > :22:25.well. The special guests are arriving. We see Alex Salmond, the
:22:26. > :22:28.First Minister of Scotland, and Alistair Carmichael, the secretary
:22:29. > :22:33.of state. Between them, Norman Drummond, who served in The
:22:34. > :22:38.Parachute Regiment and Black Watch. He is chair of the Scottish
:22:39. > :22:43.Commemorations Panel. Brought together, as we were saying, to work
:22:44. > :22:49.out the best way and the correct ways of marking the centenary of
:22:50. > :22:58.World War I. Nicola Sturgeon, the Deputy First Minister of Scotland.
:22:59. > :23:05.We have also seen the Lord Mayor of Cardiff. The Lord Mayor of London as
:23:06. > :23:12.well in the party. They are just taking their seats.
:23:13. > :23:26.The three services are represented by the Air Of A Set Of Scotland, the
:23:27. > :23:31.most senior RAF man in Scotland. -- Air Officer Of Scotland. And the
:23:32. > :23:44.most senior Navy man and general make you all is,
:23:45. > :23:53.-- Mick Heels, and he is standing apart ready to greet the guest of
:23:54. > :24:03.honour. Once he has arrived, the service will be ready to begin.
:24:04. > :24:14.The service will be conducted by these three men, the three chaplains
:24:15. > :24:27.of the services. Nearest as is Jonathan Chaffee, and in the middle
:24:28. > :24:33.is the Reverend Jonathan Woodhouse, and the Chaplain of the Fleet, at
:24:34. > :24:39.the end, Reverend Scott Brown. He is the man who will lead the service
:24:40. > :24:44.off, with the bidding, the first thing we will see. He is a Scot from
:24:45. > :24:57.Hamilton, originally. He is now based in Portsmouth. He is
:24:58. > :25:05.due to retire in December, after 23 years of service. In fact, Jonathan
:25:06. > :25:18.Woodhouse, the chaplain general for Her Majesty's Land Forces, he
:25:19. > :25:19.retires next month. They are all QHC, honorary chaplains to the
:25:20. > :25:33.Queen. They have an important role to play,
:25:34. > :25:46.not just in leading the service, but for transferring the colours to the
:25:47. > :25:51.drumhead, which is something we will see during the first hymn. We are
:25:52. > :25:59.waiting for the car that will bring the guest of honour, the Lord
:26:00. > :26:08.Lieutenant, also Lord Provost of Edinburgh, the Right Honourable
:26:09. > :26:11.Donald Wilson. In his post, he is also representing Her Majesty. So
:26:12. > :26:21.there is a royal presence here today, through the Lord Lieutenant.
:26:22. > :26:33.Just a moment of expectation as this wonderful esplanade, with its
:26:34. > :26:41.pageantry, awaits the arrival of this car. And here he comes now.
:26:42. > :26:47.Would you please stand for the arrival of our guest of honour. The
:26:48. > :26:50.congregation being invited to stand to welcome the arrival of the Right
:26:51. > :27:19.Honourable Donald Wilson. And he is being greeted by General
:27:20. > :27:28.Officer Commanding Scotland. Walking forward to take the salute. Lifting
:27:29. > :27:33.his cap, the civilian form of salute. The correct way to salute if
:27:34. > :27:39.you are a civilian and you happen to be wearing a hat. What do you do if
:27:40. > :27:56.you are not wearing a hat? Just bow, nod your head, show respect.
:27:57. > :28:04.Donald Wilson, being led to his seat. Once he is comfortably
:28:05. > :28:08.settled, the service will begin. Beginning with The Bidding, by the
:28:09. > :28:36.Chaplain of the Fleet. The three chaplains, stepping
:28:37. > :28:40.forward to begin the service. You can see they have laid down their
:28:41. > :28:42.arms, that is the correct procedure. Remember, this is not a parade, it
:28:43. > :28:52.is a church service. We have come together to mark the
:28:53. > :28:55.centenary of the outbreak of war in 1914, to reflect on sacrifices past,
:28:56. > :29:01.and to look to the future in hope. This year,
:29:02. > :29:03.and throughout the following five years, people in communities
:29:04. > :29:10.across Scotland will gather together and remember the exceptional
:29:11. > :29:17.sacrifice made by their forebears during the conflicts of what became
:29:18. > :29:28.known as The Great War. for reconciliation between people,
:29:29. > :29:34.communities and nations, that all people may live together
:29:35. > :30:04.in freedom, justice and peace. SALLY MAGNUSSON: now, the drumhead
:30:05. > :31:43.is being built by the Royal Marines. Trevor, this is something that would
:31:44. > :31:49.have been done down the ages? Yes, a familiar scene to any soldier over
:31:50. > :31:49.the last 100 years. It is the only practical way,
:31:50. > :31:54.the last 100 years. It is the only practical because you use what is
:31:55. > :31:59.available to you, and the drums are to hand. And they are dignified as
:32:00. > :32:04.well by the colours being placed. Here, we can see the Naval being
:32:05. > :32:08.placed on the drumhead. This is a very solemn moment, because as I
:32:09. > :32:14.said earlier, these colours are very special to all three armed forces.
:32:15. > :32:21.This is the Army's colour, being delayed now. And each service is
:32:22. > :32:30.passing its own colour to its own chaplain. It is sometimes difficult
:32:31. > :32:35.for those who are not in the armed services to understand the
:32:36. > :32:39.importance of these colours? Well, the colours represent the regiments
:32:40. > :32:45.from which these young men and women serve, but they are something more
:32:46. > :32:47.important. Many will have seen the annual ceremony of Trooping the
:32:48. > :32:51.Colour at horse guards in London and it looks colourful and it is, but it
:32:52. > :32:55.has a military purpose. The point is to show the colours to the soldiers
:32:56. > :32:59.so that they know it is a rallying point in battle. If you have just
:33:00. > :33:04.joined us, we are live at the Esplanade of Edinburgh Castle for a
:33:05. > :33:08.drumhead service, as it is called, to mark the start of Scotland's
:33:09. > :33:14.commemorations programme for the 100 anniversary of World War I. And
:33:15. > :33:25.there is the drumhead, ready for the start of the service.
:33:26. > :33:27.What then shall we say to these things?
:33:28. > :33:29.If God is for us, who can be against us?
:33:30. > :33:33.He who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all,
:33:34. > :33:36.how will he not also with him graciously give us all things?
:33:37. > :33:38.Who shall bring any charge against God's elect?
:33:39. > :33:43.It is God who justifies. Who is to condemn?
:33:44. > :33:49.Christ Jesus is the one who died - more than that, who was raised -
:33:50. > :33:52.who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us.
:33:53. > :33:55.Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?
:33:56. > :34:01.Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine,
:34:02. > :34:08.As it is written, "For your sake we are being killed
:34:09. > :34:13.all the day long, we are regarded as sheep to be slaughtered."
:34:14. > :34:16.No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through him
:34:17. > :34:30.nor things present nor things to come, nor powers,
:34:31. > :34:34.nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able
:34:35. > :34:37.to separate us from the love of God in Christ Jesus our Lord.
:34:38. > :38:27.that arrangement was by Holst of the anthem written by
:38:28. > :38:35.It was sung by the National Youth It was sung by the National Youth
:38:36. > :40:57.Choir of Scotland. Please stand for the hymn.
:40:58. > :41:07.We give thanks for the dutiful service of our
:41:08. > :41:11.Give unto her, and all the Royal Family,
:41:12. > :41:19.wisdom and strength, and grant that together we may fulfil our service
:41:20. > :41:25.for the welfare of all people and for your praise and glory.
:41:26. > :41:30.Lord, in your mercy, hear our prayer.
:41:31. > :41:34.We give thanks for all who serve or have served in the Armed Forces
:41:35. > :41:41.of the Crown, enabling us to live in peace and security.
:41:42. > :41:44.We remember those who are currently deployed on operations
:41:45. > :41:52.around the world, on land, at sea and in the air.
:41:53. > :41:56.Protect them from all danger, and give unto them courage to meet
:41:57. > :42:05.all occasions with discipline and loyalty, to the honour of your name.
:42:06. > :42:10.Lord, in your mercy, hear our prayer.
:42:11. > :42:16.We pray for all who suffer today as a result of war.
:42:17. > :42:20.We pray for all veterans and their families,
:42:21. > :42:26.remembering with thanksgiving their faithful service and sacrifice.
:42:27. > :42:32.We pledge ourselves to comfort, support and encourage others,
:42:33. > :42:37.that all may live in a world where human life reflects
:42:38. > :42:46.Lord, in your mercy, hear our prayer.
:42:47. > :42:51.We pray that your love, O God, may reach out to the wounded,
:42:52. > :42:56.the disabled, the mentally distressed, and those
:42:57. > :43:01.whose faith has been shaken by what they have seen and endured.
:43:02. > :43:08.Comfort us, that in your love we may know wholeness and peace.
:43:09. > :43:19.Lord, in your mercy, hear our prayer.
:43:20. > :43:22.We give thanks for those who 100 years ago were caught up in the
:43:23. > :43:26.turmoil of war. For those who left from here
:43:27. > :43:29.to fight on foreign fields. For those who remained,
:43:30. > :43:31.for women and men, given new and additional responsibilities
:43:32. > :43:35.in the service of their nation. For those unable to fight,
:43:36. > :43:40.those who struggled with conscience, and who found other ways to serve
:43:41. > :43:45.their nation and their comrades. For those who served as Chaplains,
:43:46. > :43:52.bringing encouragement and hope. We pray that we in our generation
:43:53. > :43:57.might learn from all this and so be worthy of the sacrifice of all
:43:58. > :44:04.those who served in whatever way. Lord, in your mercy,
:44:05. > :44:11.hear our prayer. Almighty and eternal God, from whose
:44:12. > :44:16.love in Christ we cannot be parted, either by death or life, hear our
:44:17. > :44:28.prayers and thanksgivings for all whom we remember this day, fulfil in
:44:29. > :44:31.them the purpose of your love, and bring us all, with them,
:44:32. > :44:34.to your eternal joy, Our Father, which art in heaven,
:44:35. > :44:47.hallowed be thy name. Thy will be done on earth,
:44:48. > :44:53.as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread
:44:54. > :44:57.And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive them that trespass
:44:58. > :45:01.against us. And lead us not into temptation,
:45:02. > :45:05.but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, the power,
:45:06. > :45:39.and the glory, for ever and ever. We stand to seeing Eternal Father
:45:40. > :45:43.Strong To Save. This is a hymn often connected to the Navy, but it has
:45:44. > :45:51.been selected to represent all of the services. During this hymn, you
:45:52. > :45:52.will see the drumhead being deconstructed, as the service moves
:45:53. > :49:04.towards its conclusion. Let us commit ourselves to
:49:05. > :49:14.responsible living Let us pledge ourselves anew to
:49:15. > :49:20.the service of God and our fellow men and women,
:49:21. > :49:24.that we may be peacemakers in our homes, in our communities, in our
:49:25. > :49:37.nation and throughout the world. ALL: Lord God, we pledge ourselves
:49:38. > :49:43.to serve you and all people in the cause of peace and for
:49:44. > :49:46.the relief of want and suffering. Give us wisdom, give us courage,
:49:47. > :49:51.give us hope, and keep us faithful, now and always.
:49:52. > :50:01.Amen. Please stand for the national
:50:02. > :50:24.anthem. God, grant to the living grace,
:50:25. > :51:02.to the departed rest. To the Church, the Queen,
:51:03. > :51:06.the Commonwealth and all people, And to us, and all his servants,
:51:07. > :51:14.life everlasting, and the blessing of God almighty, Father, Son
:51:15. > :51:42.and Holy Spirit be with you all. That brings this historic drumhead
:51:43. > :51:47.service at Edinburgh Castle to an end. In a moment, the vast audience
:51:48. > :51:52.will be invited to walk down the Royal mile to Hollywood Park. We
:51:53. > :51:56.will follow them and the bands as they marched down the Royal mile,
:51:57. > :52:05.replicating the kind of March that we saw 100 years ago, from the
:52:06. > :52:12.castle. Just reflecting on that service, very simple? Very simple,
:52:13. > :52:18.very effective, and, dare I say it, very spiritual. Not necessarily in a
:52:19. > :52:21.Christian sense, but in a spiritual sense. I think people will take
:52:22. > :52:25.something with them that will give them pause to think about their own
:52:26. > :52:29.lives, about their families and the roles which their families they have
:52:30. > :52:33.played during the First World War. Above all, we should look back at
:52:34. > :52:37.the First World War, not just thinking about the sacrifices of
:52:38. > :52:40.people, but the service, the patria Chisholm and the way that people
:52:41. > :52:47.went, willingly, to protect their country. Some of the soldiers here
:52:48. > :52:50.went, willingly, to protect their today had great-grandparents who
:52:51. > :52:56.served. A couple of young privates, and that is the guest of honour
:52:57. > :52:57.leaving there, you can see Donald Wilson moving back, he will salute
:52:58. > :53:07.the colours before he leaves. Once again, doffing his bonnet,
:53:08. > :53:27.quite correctly. The presence of the Royal Reg And
:53:28. > :53:33.Scotland is very important, not only does it represent all ten regiments
:53:34. > :53:37.which fought in the First World War, representing Scotland, but there is
:53:38. > :53:41.a sense of continuity, from father to son, grandfather, they all follow
:53:42. > :53:43.each other. Most of the old regiments and the new regiment are
:53:44. > :53:54.very much family affairs. Indeed, there are people in the
:53:55. > :54:03.congregation here who have powerful family memories. We saw in the lady
:54:04. > :54:07.that Dougie Vipond spoke to in the beginning, some of this is real to
:54:08. > :54:10.people, still? It has suddenly become very important to their
:54:11. > :54:13.lives. What has really encouraged me is the way that, all over the
:54:14. > :54:18.lives. What has really encouraged me country, small groups of people,
:54:19. > :54:25.from schools to community centres, they are now putting faces behind
:54:26. > :54:29.the names that exist in their war memorials. Leaving, saluting the
:54:30. > :54:47.colours. This is what we were saying earlier,
:54:48. > :54:54.not so very usual to see, the three services coming together. The First
:54:55. > :54:58.Minister, there. It is quite unusual, yes. The First Minister,
:54:59. > :55:02.I'm sure he has other things on his mind at the moment. But it's good to
:55:03. > :55:06.see him representing the Scottish Government. Alistair Carmichael,
:55:07. > :55:10.representing the United Kingdom government. You have to remember, in
:55:11. > :55:13.the First World War, it was the United Kingdom. In fact, it was an
:55:14. > :55:17.affair that involved the whole of the Empire. But Scotland played a
:55:18. > :55:31.very important role in it, and that is what we are remembering today.
:55:32. > :55:39.It's a big occasion for some of these young men. For all of
:55:40. > :55:40.It's a big occasion for some of young men, but I'm thinking
:55:41. > :55:44.particularly for the young men carrying the colours, who have
:55:45. > :55:49.actually quite a tricky physical manoeuvre to be thinking about when
:55:50. > :56:00.they are doing that sacred task? All three of the ensigns, that is their
:56:01. > :56:04.rank for the day, it is something I will never forget. The manoeuvres
:56:05. > :56:10.are very difficult. When they had the colours being handed back from
:56:11. > :56:14.the drumhead, they weren't looking down, they did it all in one
:56:15. > :56:16.movement. It's a huge honour to carry the colours. It is one that
:56:17. > :56:30.will mark their careers from now on. The Royal Marines band, marching
:56:31. > :56:47.off. They are going to be leading the march down the Royal mile.
:56:48. > :56:55.It is this point when history comes back to remind us of what was
:56:56. > :56:58.happening 100 years ago. The Queen's Own Highlanders,
:56:59. > :57:02.happening 100 years ago. The actually marched down the Royal
:57:03. > :57:07.Mile, they had actually marched down the Royal
:57:08. > :57:10.packing their cases, getting their ammunition right to cross over to
:57:11. > :57:12.France in the British expeditionary Force. This is a replication of what
:57:13. > :57:23.happened 100 years ago. Force. This is a replication of what
:57:24. > :57:28.a photograph of the Cameron Highlanders. As you see, a large
:57:29. > :57:50.crowd. And nothing wrong with that, it was almost a holiday atmosphere.
:57:51. > :57:54.The weather was uniformly bad. It did look quite dreek. Do you think
:57:55. > :58:01.it was hindsight that made people think the weather was like... Well,
:58:02. > :58:03.maybe hindsight. There we go, leaving the way. The Royal Marines,
:58:04. > :58:51.leading us off down the Royal Mile. You have to remember, 100 years
:58:52. > :58:56.ago, it was 1000 young men marching off to war.
:58:57. > :59:09.Amid all of the pageantry, feelings of... What? Excitement, trepidation?
:59:10. > :59:13.Oh, yes. They didn't know what they were going to face. One of the
:59:14. > :59:18.tragedies of the First World War was that nobody was really prepared for
:59:19. > :59:21.it. Nobody understood the monstrous nature of the war of attrition and
:59:22. > :59:27.the introduction of industrialised warfare, which killed a young men in
:59:28. > :59:35.their swathes. That lay ahead of them. When they marched off from
:59:36. > :59:39.Edinburgh, it was the tunes of glory ringing in their ears. Still a
:59:40. > :59:44.widely held opinion at that time that it would be over by Christmas
:59:45. > :59:48.question at Most wanted to get to the Western front as quickly as
:59:49. > :59:50.possible, because they wanted a slice of the action. Nobody could
:59:51. > :59:54.have foreseen that it would last such a long time. The central
:59:55. > :59:58.feeling in August was one of excitement and anticipation. They
:59:59. > :00:02.really believed if you didn't get across there, you would not get to
:00:03. > :00:11.see any fighting at all. The Royal Marines, down Castle Hill now. The
:00:12. > :00:15.Navy itself was in battle stations, ready to go into action at any
:00:16. > :00:25.minute. It did see fighting in the North Sea in September. They are
:00:26. > :00:27.going to marched to the Stone of Remembrance that stands under the
:00:28. > :00:51.arches. The RAF are always liable to spring
:00:52. > :01:21.a surprise or two. And a number of people have turned
:01:22. > :01:24.out to see them out with some to see these magnificent men in their
:01:25. > :01:32.flying machines. The extraordinary thing about the marines is that they
:01:33. > :01:37.can fulfil so many roles. This and look as smart as any, and yet they
:01:38. > :01:50.are troops who can fight anywhere in the world, and do. And behind them
:01:51. > :02:00.are the pipes and drums from the Royal Scots Borderers. And the
:02:01. > :02:04.Highlanders, the 4th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland. The Army
:02:05. > :02:28.behind are staying behind to process later with the veterans.
:02:29. > :02:35.And the pipes and drums are getting a great cheer from the spectators
:02:36. > :02:47.along the Royal Mile. For many people, this gilded Scottish
:02:48. > :02:53.regiments represent the Scottish army. Many have in deployed in
:02:54. > :03:00.Afghanistan since 2006, and they have suffered casualties. But when
:03:01. > :03:04.they come home, they have started having homecoming parades similar to
:03:05. > :03:09.this, where the population will turn out and welcome them back. This is a
:03:10. > :03:24.return to an older age, and it is a good return, too.
:03:25. > :03:55.The Esplanade may not be full, but there are a lot of people at the
:03:56. > :04:01.market, and that is very encouraging. It is quite a sight.
:04:02. > :04:12.There is nothing like the Royal Mile, when the soldiers get going.
:04:13. > :04:25.The Stone of Remembrance that they are moving towards, not everybody
:04:26. > :04:29.knows about it, do they? It was paid for our public subscription to
:04:30. > :04:32.commemorate the citizens of Edinburgh who died in the First
:04:33. > :04:38.World War. Yes. After the war, there was a great move throughout Scotland
:04:39. > :04:41.and the whole of the UK to commemorate the dead of the First
:04:42. > :04:45.World War. Communities wanted to remember those young men who marched
:04:46. > :04:51.off so hopefully, many of whom did not return. In Edinburgh, the stone
:04:52. > :04:58.was raised by public subscription. And it does reflect the very large
:04:59. > :05:06.casualty list suffered by Edinburgh. Its local regiment was the Royal
:05:07. > :05:10.Scots, and it had a casualty list of 11,213 killed, which makes it one of
:05:11. > :05:13.the highest of the Scottish regiments which fought in the First
:05:14. > :05:17.World War. Ron Avery small community, Edinburgh, and the
:05:18. > :05:21.Lothian counties. Some the people of Edinburgh wanted to have something
:05:22. > :05:23.which would respect and give honour to those young men. And here at the
:05:24. > :05:29.castle, there to those young men. And here at the
:05:30. > :05:35.memorial itself, which we will not see today. But that is also an
:05:36. > :05:43.astonishing place with a remarkable story. It is. The most unusual event
:05:44. > :05:46.that happened after the First World War was that a committee was put
:05:47. > :05:50.together and the Scots decided that they wanted to have their own
:05:51. > :05:54.together and the Scots decided that national monument at the Cenotaph in
:05:55. > :05:56.London, but the Scots wanted something different and it was
:05:57. > :06:07.decided to build it at Edinburgh Castle. And it was paid by public
:06:08. > :06:20.subscription. They are patting the Stone of Remembrance now. When these
:06:21. > :06:23.monuments were being put Stone of Remembrance now. When these
:06:24. > :06:26.decided to keep it as simple as Stone of Remembrance now. When these
:06:27. > :06:28.possible. Most war memorials Stone of Remembrance now. When these
:06:29. > :06:33.this inscription on them. On gravestones, if a soldier was not
:06:34. > :06:39.known, it would say, known unto God. gravestones, if a soldier was not
:06:40. > :06:45.These sonorous, but simple words were given by the great poet Rudyard
:06:46. > :06:48.Kipling Magoo in effect lost his own son, John, serving in The Irish
:06:49. > :07:05.Guards at the Battle of Loos in 1915.
:07:06. > :07:15.The public are beginning to form up here. Here is the RAF. Also
:07:16. > :07:31.approaching the Stone of Remembrance, making their salute.
:07:32. > :07:39.There are many examples of the key strategic roles Scotland played.
:07:40. > :07:40.Britain's first operational military
:07:41. > :07:43.airfield was set up in 1913 by the Royal Flying Corps in Montrose.
:07:44. > :07:46.From the earliest days of aviation, Montrose air base trained pilots
:07:47. > :07:54.for the Royal Air Corps which then became the Royal Air Force in 1918.
:07:55. > :08:01.Dougie met the grandson of one of the earliest pilots.
:08:02. > :08:07.I am with Simon Burke, whose grandfather major book was the
:08:08. > :08:11.commander of Montrose Enfield. Tell me about Montrose. It was unique,
:08:12. > :08:17.wasn't it? Yes, it was the first air station anywhere ever to try and
:08:18. > :08:24.experiment with aircraft in support of military units. Its job was to
:08:25. > :08:30.oversee the Royal Navy, going back and forth between Scapa Flow and
:08:31. > :08:35.Rosyth. And Montrose was chosen because it is on the east and was
:08:36. > :08:38.perfect for the job. And your grandfather was a real pioneer,
:08:39. > :08:42.because he became the first commander of two Squadron? That is
:08:43. > :08:48.correct. He had gone to convalesce in France in 1909 from a wound, got
:08:49. > :08:52.awed and decided to learn to fly, as you do -- he got bored. And when he
:08:53. > :08:57.came back, he was the only officer in the British Army who could fly,
:08:58. > :09:02.so he was told us for them. -- he was gold dust for them. But he had
:09:03. > :09:05.to try and persuade the crusty generals that aircraft were of some
:09:06. > :09:11.use. Most of them thought it would just toys and would be a passing
:09:12. > :09:15.fad. It was his life ambition to try to teach them but they were going to
:09:16. > :09:18.be of immense value. And of course, it has been totally borne out. Who
:09:19. > :09:25.would tinker for not using aircraft now? The pictures we are showing our
:09:26. > :09:30.of your grandfather. This would have been a time when people had not
:09:31. > :09:33.really seen aeroplanes. For your grandfather and the people he was
:09:34. > :09:37.training, it was an incredibly dangerous profession and drop to
:09:38. > :09:41.take on. Yes, because the equipment was all experimental. You never knew
:09:42. > :09:44.what was going to break next. Then there was a problem with the
:09:45. > :09:50.weather, trying to land in difficult conditions. It was extraordinarily
:09:51. > :09:54.dangerous, and it is amazing that they achieved what they did.
:09:55. > :09:58.Initially, what were the planes used for? I cannot imagine that they
:09:59. > :10:03.would have had our moments on them. No, they were thought to light to
:10:04. > :10:07.carry anything, so they were purely used to replace the cavalry who had
:10:08. > :10:12.been used for reconnaissance. But the aeroplanes could give the
:10:13. > :10:18.generals and edge over the enemy as they could see so much more. They
:10:19. > :10:23.were not for carrying bombs, airships would carry those because
:10:24. > :10:28.they could carry more weight. And these little aircraft could not. And
:10:29. > :10:31.they had a rudimentary system of carrying shotguns to attack the
:10:32. > :10:41.enemy. It was so basic, it was incredible. Thank you for sharing
:10:42. > :10:45.your story. And up here in the Esplanade, the
:10:46. > :10:57.public are just beginning to form up. They will be processing down the
:10:58. > :11:00.Royal Mile themselves. There is a contingent of veterans here who will
:11:01. > :11:04.also be marching down. They are veterans who have served in the
:11:05. > :11:11.Korean War, Aden, Northern Ireland, Falklands, Bosnia, the Gulf and
:11:12. > :11:15.Afghanistan. Lots of medals on show. Everybody has been asked to bring
:11:16. > :11:19.their medals today. Yes, we asked people to bring any in if they had
:11:20. > :11:26.their fathers' or great-grandfathers' medals, two wear
:11:27. > :11:31.them with pride. Those who are wearing the medals on the left-hand
:11:32. > :11:34.side are those who have served their country. It is right that these
:11:35. > :11:41.veterans should take pride of place in the parade, because they
:11:42. > :11:46.represent several decades of service to the armed forces. It is good to
:11:47. > :11:52.see them wearing their regimental headdresses. You can pick them out
:11:53. > :12:00.from the Scottish regiments. I have seen quite a few are should regiment
:12:01. > :12:05.Perez. -- Parachute Regiment beret is. It is an important date, because
:12:06. > :12:11.they are still part of the services family. And I think this parade has
:12:12. > :12:16.managed to bring together civil society and military society. The
:12:17. > :12:20.veterans are led by Robert Allen, national chairman of the Royal
:12:21. > :12:30.British Legion of Scotland. Off they go, the veterans. Followed by the
:12:31. > :12:35.first contingent of the crowd, complete with a few umbrellas. The
:12:36. > :12:40.rain has held off, though. We have not done too badly. It has not been
:12:41. > :12:46.too bad. This is what it is all about, really. This is the civic
:12:47. > :12:50.society in Scotland, honouring what happened in the First World War. I
:12:51. > :12:55.am sure many of them will have grandfathers or great-grandfather 's
:12:56. > :13:00.who served and will want to recognise that service. It is very
:13:01. > :13:03.moving. And important to remember that although this is happening in
:13:04. > :13:08.Edinburgh, it is for everybody, everywhere. People have come from
:13:09. > :13:12.all over Scotland, from Shetland down to the borders. When we were
:13:13. > :13:15.planning this drumhead service, we wanted it to be inclusive. We did
:13:16. > :13:23.not want people to feel, that is not for me. This is important, that the
:13:24. > :13:28.people of Scotland are presented and play their part, as they have done
:13:29. > :13:31.so magnificently today. One group of people in Scotland who did play
:13:32. > :13:35.their part in the First World War. Every fisherman in Britain was
:13:36. > :13:38.declared a naval reservist and a historian whose own family history
:13:39. > :13:55.is intertwined with World War I Yes, as you said, all the fishermen
:13:56. > :14:00.in World War I were requisitioned, and your grandfather was
:14:01. > :14:04.requisitioned. What was the role of fishermen during World War I? The
:14:05. > :14:10.skills that fishermen had were put to great use on requisitioned boats.
:14:11. > :14:17.They could be positioned as patrol vessels, as armed escort,
:14:18. > :14:25.minesweepers, mine layers. My great-great-grandfather worked in
:14:26. > :14:31.the Adriatic, and he was working to trap Austrian submarines with wire
:14:32. > :14:44.nets. Trapping submarines with, basically, fishing boats with no
:14:45. > :14:48.armaments. Absolutely. When they were confronted by Austrian
:14:49. > :14:53.cruisers, they were underprepared, definitely. To tell me what happened
:14:54. > :14:57.to him in the Adriatic. They were out there for a couple of years and
:14:58. > :15:02.they were awarded medals for their actions from the king of Serbia. In
:15:03. > :15:08.1917, they were confronted by Austrian cruisers. The Austrians got
:15:09. > :15:10.amongst their drifter fleet and began to destroy them all.
:15:11. > :15:15.amongst their drifter fleet and were 47 drifter is out there.
:15:16. > :15:20.amongst their drifter fleet and them were sunk, including my
:15:21. > :15:25.great-great-grandfather's boat, a requisitioned boat he was asked to
:15:26. > :15:29.skipper. After it went down, what happened to him? When it went down,
:15:30. > :15:37.they were taken aboard an Austrian ship. They were basically, from that
:15:38. > :15:41.moment on, prisoners of war. So, when they met the Austrians on
:15:42. > :15:52.boat, the Austrian officers said to them, this morning's job, it was
:15:53. > :15:57.dutiful, not beautiful. They were landed and they marched for 48 hours
:15:58. > :16:03.to the first camp, where they stayed for 25 days. Then they went
:16:04. > :16:07.further, to a camp in Austria, they were kept there until the end of the
:16:08. > :16:11.war. When you're great-great-grandfather came back
:16:12. > :16:14.from the war, presumably it was straight back out to fishing and
:16:15. > :16:18.carrying on? The fact that fish wasn't being caught for the great
:16:19. > :16:23.British public to eat, his role would be very important after the
:16:24. > :16:27.war? Absolutely. He took back the role that he had before the war,
:16:28. > :16:33.almost immediately, when he came back. He became its accessible
:16:34. > :16:39.skipper over 20 years. -- a successful skipper. He was called
:16:40. > :16:43.upon again to serve in 1939, in the Second World War. I imagine he came
:16:44. > :16:48.back to a depleted fleet as well. The weather is turning almost like
:16:49. > :16:49.the Adriatic here. Thank you very much for sharing your memories.
:16:50. > :17:18.Thank you very much. The veterans still marching down. I
:17:19. > :17:21.love the way they march. Well, once a soldier, always a soldier. You
:17:22. > :17:29.never forget that. The public will be following, forming in groups of
:17:30. > :17:34.about 500. When each group of 500 is ready, they will follow on. I don't
:17:35. > :17:41.think they will be marching with quite that flair, somehow. It's
:17:42. > :17:45.great to see. Yes, interesting, they are trying to get them all
:17:46. > :17:49.involved, from areas of Scotland from which they come. It's rather
:17:50. > :17:57.good. You are amongst friends. It makes life easier.
:17:58. > :18:09.That also replicates the way that the Scottish regiment worked, you
:18:10. > :18:13.would be put in your local regiment. People brought up together, they
:18:14. > :18:17.served well together, fought well together, and, alas, in The Black
:18:18. > :18:24.Watch's case, 8000 of them died together. The cadets from all three
:18:25. > :18:25.services, the Sea Cadets, the Army Cadet Force and the air training
:18:26. > :18:46.Corps cadets. Further down the Royal Mile, members
:18:47. > :18:57.of the congregation behind the Pipes and Drums. There, the high church of
:18:58. > :19:04.Saint Giles, which they are just about to pass. Many other colours
:19:05. > :19:09.they are about to pass are hung up, they are never discarded, they are
:19:10. > :19:13.hung up, laid up, usually in a sacred place like a church, a place
:19:14. > :19:17.that is very important to the local community. The colours represent the
:19:18. > :19:22.great continuation of service life, of our history, and a link with the
:19:23. > :19:28.past. There is a Sunday morning service going on at Saint Giles this
:19:29. > :19:29.morning. They have done their best to keep things as quiet as possible
:19:30. > :19:46.at this stage. Of course, it is historical
:19:47. > :19:54.remembrance. I'm just thinking about the fishermen, the sea element of
:19:55. > :20:01.the First World War. We tend to forget, actually, how very important
:20:02. > :20:05.to the Navy was, and it was thought at first it would be a naval war and
:20:06. > :20:10.that was it? That's right, the commander of the grand Fleet was
:20:11. > :20:17.described as the only man that could lose the war in an afternoon. Many
:20:18. > :20:24.people thought that the war was initially going to be a naval war.
:20:25. > :20:27.The Grand Fleet Of The Royal Navy, they would meet for a decisive
:20:28. > :20:35.battle in the North Sea and that would end the war. It didn't work
:20:36. > :20:40.out like that. There was one naval battle, probably best described as a
:20:41. > :20:49.draw. At the Naval was central to the way we look at our defence
:20:50. > :20:54.policy. We are and island province. We had to have a strong Navy. It was
:20:55. > :20:57.thought that the army would play a minor role. And then it came to
:20:58. > :21:05.affect just about every family in the land. At the end of the day, at
:21:06. > :21:10.the end of the war, I should say, just about every family in the
:21:11. > :21:19.country gave a son or daughter for service. I have got to make it
:21:20. > :21:22.absolutely plane, not everybody that went to war, it was not a death
:21:23. > :21:26.sentence, far more people came back than were killed on the Western
:21:27. > :21:29.front. Even so, if we look at the figures, it was quite extraordinary.
:21:30. > :21:38.At the end of the war, the number of Scots in the Armed Forces amounted
:21:39. > :21:39.to 688,000. 71,000 in the Royal navy, 32,000 in the fledgling Royal
:21:40. > :21:51.Air Force. These are big figures. It's pretty much the nation in arms.
:21:52. > :21:55.That is why the First World War cast such a long shadow over the country
:21:56. > :21:59.that Scotland became later in the 20th century. There were tragedies
:22:00. > :22:04.back home as well. Earlier on this morning, Dougie Vipond metal body
:22:05. > :22:09.whose family was very much affected by the war here at home. -- met
:22:10. > :22:13.somebody. I am with John Bartholomew, whose
:22:14. > :22:17.grandfather went to war with his sister and other brothers. Tell me
:22:18. > :22:22.about your grandfather, his role and his siblings. My grandfather, John
:22:23. > :22:29.Bartholomew, we called him Ian in the family, he enlisted in the
:22:30. > :22:34.autumn of 1914. Very soon he found himself in northern France, in the
:22:35. > :22:37.trenches, with the other soldiers. He served part
:22:38. > :22:41.trenches, with the other soldiers. Flanders. His older sister, Betty,
:22:42. > :22:45.went at the age of 22, did a train journey has a young lady, all of the
:22:46. > :22:51.way to northern Italy and enlisted with the Red Cross, amongst a group
:22:52. > :22:56.of British women who were there, before the Allies moved in. And then
:22:57. > :23:02.the younger brother, his name was Hugh, he went later and he fought
:23:03. > :23:03.again in the trenches, in active service in northern France.
:23:04. > :23:07.Unfortunately, he was the one that service in northern France.
:23:08. > :23:14.we lost. He was wounded and died of his wounds in 1917. When he died in
:23:15. > :23:17.these tragic circumstances, how did your grandfather, brother and sister
:23:18. > :23:29.react to that? Obviously, the loss your grandfather, brother and sister
:23:30. > :23:34.of a dear one is devastating, what is fascinating was the
:23:35. > :23:39.communications that went back and forth. There was a sort of Bush
:23:40. > :23:43.telephoned of correspondence that went back to the other siblings.
:23:44. > :23:49.They were aware of approximately were each other was, but they were
:23:50. > :23:51.They were aware of approximately never able to see each other. Also,
:23:52. > :23:57.the concern of the brother and sister was for the parents and how
:23:58. > :24:00.they were feeling about the loss of Hugh. They cared more about the
:24:01. > :24:07.feeling of their parents and they did of their own. Your grandfather
:24:08. > :24:13.was not allowed to take photographs, but like many soldiers did
:24:14. > :24:17.was not allowed to take photographs, always do what he was told? Yes, I
:24:18. > :24:24.have an album, there is a picture I want to show you of a simple thing
:24:25. > :24:29.like shaving on the front. Every man has had to shave, that is one. The
:24:30. > :24:35.other one I wanted to show you was practising the charge. He wanted to
:24:36. > :24:39.scare the enemy. They would have to keep practising, be scary. This was
:24:40. > :24:49.taken in July 1915 of the charge by the Gordons. What happened to your
:24:50. > :24:52.family, that was not unique at all for a lot of families and
:24:53. > :25:03.communities around Scotland? What strikes me, after Hugh fell, it was
:25:04. > :25:07.the correspondence that came from those sending condolences from the
:25:08. > :25:10.front. A lot of soldiers were lost, but the trouble that they took to
:25:11. > :25:17.write individual letters back to the parents, what strikes me, in all of
:25:18. > :25:20.the diaries that we have as well, is that you realise how much the war is
:25:21. > :25:24.a great equaliser. It doesn't matter if you went to a fancy public
:25:25. > :25:29.school, if you went to a normal school, everybody was in it
:25:30. > :25:34.together, fighting the same cause, the same muddy trenches. It's a very
:25:35. > :25:41.poignant comedy impacts on that for later, for the family -- it is very
:25:42. > :25:43.poignant, the impact on the family for later, they never really got
:25:44. > :25:56.over it. Looking down the Royal Mile, the
:25:57. > :26:05.procession, stringing out down the Royal Mile. Many waiting here at the
:26:06. > :26:18.Esplanade, still to go. Lovely to see people waiting, in the rain,
:26:19. > :26:20.Ming Campbell, one of the guests. Getting ready to walk down the Royal
:26:21. > :26:31.Mile or so. Everybody is being patient. There is
:26:32. > :26:40.a saying in the Armed Forces, hurry up and wait. Because they are being
:26:41. > :26:46.hurried down there and then have to stand. Thinking about the letters,
:26:47. > :26:51.as a military historian, you must have read many of these touching,
:26:52. > :26:56.but often reticent letters coming from the front, of young men who did
:26:57. > :27:00.not want their parents to know everything? Well, how wonderful it
:27:01. > :27:05.was to hear John Bartholomew with such a firm grasp of his family
:27:06. > :27:11.history. Terrific to hear that there was a sort of informal Bush
:27:12. > :27:15.Telegraph they had to keep in touch. Letters were very important. They
:27:16. > :27:19.were censored, of course, you had to be careful what you put in them.
:27:20. > :27:23.More than anything, what I have discovered, talking first of all to
:27:24. > :27:29.survivors of the First World War, two veterans back in the 90s and
:27:30. > :27:32.80s, they didn't want to say everything that was going on because
:27:33. > :27:39.they didn't want to upset their families. The other thing was, how
:27:40. > :27:43.could you describe something as monstrous as the modern war of
:27:44. > :27:49.attrition, with artillery, machine guns, very, very difficult. But some
:27:50. > :27:51.of the letters that have survived are very humorous, very revealing of
:27:52. > :27:56.the soldiers and fears. Some of are very humorous, very revealing of
:27:57. > :28:00.managed to sound quite perky, although we know what they were
:28:01. > :28:06.going through now? You wanted to keep spirits up. A lot of veterans,
:28:07. > :28:10.in the 1980s, in their 80s and 90s by them, they would say, I didn't
:28:11. > :28:22.want to write anything that was going to upset me mum. You don't
:28:23. > :28:25.want people to think stuff is worse than it really is, although goodness
:28:26. > :28:32.me, it was bad enough. The other thing is diaries. Even with all the
:28:33. > :28:34.rules and regulations, people managed to keep diaries. There you
:28:35. > :28:41.get the private thoughts, not for broadcast, but the soldier wanting
:28:42. > :28:45.to talk privately to himself, often late at night, often in dreadful
:28:46. > :28:50.conditions. You have these little notebooks, with mud on them still,
:28:51. > :28:57.very moving. We will soon be hearing from a lady with a heartbreaking
:28:58. > :29:07.personal story. One family directly affected by the Edinburgh Blitz was
:29:08. > :29:12.the McLaren family. A bomb from a Zeppelin airship landed on their
:29:13. > :29:21.roof. Dougie Vipond is with Dr Hamish McLaren, the grandson of Dr
:29:22. > :29:29.McLaren, whose house was hit that day. Hopefully you will be able to
:29:30. > :29:35.hear me. Your father, Hamish, he was in that house as a young man. Tell
:29:36. > :29:43.us what happened. Well, he was only eight at the time. He was asleep and
:29:44. > :29:47.my grandfather said, get under the bed, they are going to drop a bomb
:29:48. > :29:52.on us. And they were absolutely correct, they did drop a bomb. It
:29:53. > :29:59.exploded on the roof and destroyed the roof of the house. The nose fell
:30:00. > :30:03.right through the bedrooms, but nobody was killed, very fortunately.
:30:04. > :30:09.Your grandfather raised the alarm, were they aware of something coming
:30:10. > :30:13.in? They were aware that a Zeppelin was over Edinburgh. Never one to
:30:14. > :30:17.look on the bright side of things, my grandfather. Your father was just
:30:18. > :30:23.a young man, but he clearly had memories of the explosion and the
:30:24. > :30:27.trauma that it caused? Yes, he wrote a memoir of his life afterwards,
:30:28. > :30:34.which is what my recollections are taken from. As I said, he was only
:30:35. > :30:38.eight at the time. My grandmother... Sorry, my aunt is
:30:39. > :30:42.quoted in the papers are saying, it will be some time before we get our
:30:43. > :30:46.breakfast! Whether that was a bit of propaganda, I've no idea, because
:30:47. > :30:53.she is dead as well. Incredible spirit shown by people fighting, and
:30:54. > :31:06.also at home. There is a lovely photograph them by your uncle, he
:31:07. > :31:12.drew this to represent the bomb? Sunni yes, and the Kaiser. I imagine
:31:13. > :31:16.that would have a massive impact on anybody's life?
:31:17. > :31:28.My grandmother was annoyed that they dropped a bomb on her nice house. So
:31:29. > :31:32.she got a photographer afterwards. Tell me more about the events. As
:31:33. > :31:38.you say, the bomb went right through the roof and the house, yet
:31:39. > :31:44.remarkably, everyone was unharmed? Yes, it missed all the beds. There
:31:45. > :31:55.were two maids at the very top. They were sheltering under the beds. But
:31:56. > :32:00.the others did not bother to move. My aunt, the wardrobe fell over her
:32:01. > :32:01.bed and the rafters came down, and that was what saved her. I
:32:02. > :32:04.bed and the rafters came down, and that was what saved her. understand
:32:05. > :32:10.a house was used as a GP's surgery. How soon was it before business
:32:11. > :32:18.resumed as normal? I think it was about six weeks. Hamish, thank you.
:32:19. > :32:34.Thank you for having me. SALLY MAGNUSSON: they are still
:32:35. > :32:47.processing down the Royal Mile. These are the Royal Marines, aren't
:32:48. > :32:52.they? No, they are not, I'm told. There are a lot today. Feels
:32:53. > :33:03.they? No, they are not, I'm told. every band in the country is here
:33:04. > :33:05.today. Trevor, just thinking of the Zeppelin attack that we heard about,
:33:06. > :33:07.there were today. Trevor, just thinking of the
:33:08. > :33:10.Scotland. Two in Edinburgh, and the Scotland. Two in Edinburgh, and the
:33:11. > :33:15.third was in St Kilda? Well, it Scotland. Two in Edinburgh, and the
:33:16. > :33:19.not so much a Zeppelin attack. St Kilda was shelled by a German
:33:20. > :33:24.submarine for the un-warlike isn't that it had a station there. And in
:33:25. > :33:27.this case, the captain of the German submarine warned the people of St
:33:28. > :33:32.Kilda that he was going to open fire, told them all to take shelter,
:33:33. > :33:38.shelled the radio station and then disappeared off into the Atlantic,
:33:39. > :33:43.never to be seen again. Over the next four years, people will gather
:33:44. > :33:44.across Scotland to remember the exceptional sacrifices made by men
:33:45. > :33:48.and women in World War I. And later this evening, in a special
:33:49. > :33:51.programme, some of Scotland's leading writers and broadcasters
:33:52. > :34:04.will uncover remarkable personal On a journey to the fields of
:34:05. > :34:07.Flanders. Author Andrew O'Hagan offers a personal tribute to
:34:08. > :34:13.arguably Scotland's greatest war poet, Aberdeen born Charles Hamilton
:34:14. > :34:22.Sorley, who was killed in the Battle of Loos. Fellow author Denise Mina,
:34:23. > :34:24.a former nurse, travels to Belgium in the footsteps of the formidable
:34:25. > :34:29.Lady Millicent, Duchess of Sutherland, who established a field
:34:30. > :34:38.hospital there in the early days of the conflict. Rory Bremner uncovers
:34:39. > :34:40.the story of Charles McKerrow, and Ayrshire doctor who developed
:34:41. > :34:49.life-saving techniques in the trenches that are still used today.
:34:50. > :34:52.And Elaine C Smith visits the site of a huge cordite factory just west
:34:53. > :34:55.of Gretna, which employed over 10,000 women to produce artillery
:34:56. > :35:01.shells. World War I: Scotland Remembers -
:35:02. > :35:19.A Drumhead Commemoration, And some of the scenes that we have
:35:20. > :35:24.already witnessed this morning from the service and the marching band,
:35:25. > :35:31.these scenes on the Royal Mile, will be shown tonight as part of that
:35:32. > :35:39.programme, which also includes many extremely moving stories from the
:35:40. > :35:41.First World War. Now, we are joined in the studio by Dame Mary Corsar,
:35:42. > :35:50.who attended today's service and whose life was touched, as were so
:35:51. > :35:54.many, by World War I. Welcome to you, Mary. Your grandfather was
:35:55. > :36:00.killed in World War I. In fact, people on both sides of your family
:36:01. > :36:08.were affected? Both grandfathers and two uncles? That is right. What
:36:09. > :36:16.effect has that had on your family? My grandmother, who lived to 90, was
:36:17. > :36:25.a widow for a huge number of years. It became a matriarchal society as a
:36:26. > :36:32.result of that, I think. The things I remember most chilly moved both my
:36:33. > :36:36.mother and father greatly. Always on Armistice Day, we have a flagpole in
:36:37. > :36:40.the garden, and at 11 o'clock, my four brothers and myself were made
:36:41. > :36:46.to parade there and have our minute's silence, because they
:36:47. > :36:52.wanted us to relies how much the death of my uncles and grandfather
:36:53. > :36:58.had affected the family. I feel so much for your grand mother. As a
:36:59. > :37:05.mother myself, the thought of sending one son off, he dies, then
:37:06. > :37:11.she sends another of and he dies, and then she has to send her third
:37:12. > :37:15.boy off, and that third boy is thankfully your father. There was a
:37:16. > :37:24.photograph of my grandmother with her three sons. There it is. To me,
:37:25. > :37:33.that was very moving, to actually have to say goodbye to her youngest
:37:34. > :37:41.one. My first uncle was killed in the Battle of Loos. My father fought
:37:42. > :37:46.there in 1918. What is also poignant was that my uncle George, the eldest
:37:47. > :37:49.one, was killed on his younger brother's birthday. And the younger
:37:50. > :37:57.brother was killed in East Africa. So it must have been absolutely
:37:58. > :38:02.traumatic for my grandmother. She has written a book. Yes, she and her
:38:03. > :38:11.husband wrote this book, which is called George Buchanan Smith, who is
:38:12. > :38:17.your uncle, 1890-1915, 25 years old. She wrote it the year after he died
:38:18. > :38:21.and before the second son had died. I find this heartbreaking. Your
:38:22. > :38:29.brother George was born on the morning of St Luke 's Day, Saturday
:38:30. > :38:32.to be the 18th, 1890, in 91 fountain haul road, Aberdeen. We used to say
:38:33. > :38:36.that he slipped to ask down a rainbow, one end of which I saw
:38:37. > :38:42.resting on the house as I came up the road a few minutes before his
:38:43. > :38:48.appearance. I mean, there is just so much in that of the tearing loss and
:38:49. > :38:57.desperation to try and keep hold of a person. She also wrote a book
:38:58. > :39:02.about her younger son, and he was in the Indian Army. What I found
:39:03. > :39:06.removing and how I came to be involved in this is that in the
:39:07. > :39:11.National library, there is an exhibition of letters written during
:39:12. > :39:16.the First World War, and my uncle who was in the Indian Army wrote a
:39:17. > :39:22.will to be delivered to his father if he was killed. And in that will,
:39:23. > :39:26.he must have been very impecunious, because he wrote, if there is enough
:39:27. > :39:33.money left over, he would like ?100 set aside to give five rupees a
:39:34. > :39:46.month to his Indian servant. I found that incredibly moving. Trevor,
:39:47. > :39:51.stories like Mary's are only two, to common in a country where every
:39:52. > :39:55.family in the land was losing sons and sometimes daughters in this
:39:56. > :39:59.way. Yes, but Mary's story is a link with that past and it is terrific
:40:00. > :40:03.that it is being remembered in the same way that the Bartholomew family
:40:04. > :40:06.story is being remembered. I hope that in this centenary year, other
:40:07. > :40:11.families all over the country will look back into their own past and
:40:12. > :40:18.start recording what they know about it. It is a truism that it is part
:40:19. > :40:21.of our life, but once all the people start dying, they are no longer
:40:22. > :40:27.there to tell us the story. So my message to everyone this year, is
:40:28. > :40:30.that if you have got grandfathers or great-grandfathers who served in the
:40:31. > :40:36.First World War, find out about what they did. And dig up the old medals
:40:37. > :40:40.if you can. You clearly have. Yes, I have my grandfather's medals on
:40:41. > :40:45.today. Well, thank you for joining us today and sharing your story. And
:40:46. > :40:52.thanks also to Trevor Royle for bringing us his expertise today, and
:40:53. > :40:55.to all our guests and also to our valiant Dougie Vipond
:40:56. > :40:57.to all our guests and also to our Mile. We leave the marchers heading
:40:58. > :41:01.for Olympic Park. I am back Mile. We leave the marchers heading
:41:02. > :41:08.at seven on BBC One Scotland with World War 1:
:41:09. > :41:10.Drumhead Commemoration. For now, we leave you with images of Scotland's
:41:11. > :41:12.National War leave you with images of Scotland's
:41:13. > :41:16.sounds of the leave you with images of Scotland's
:41:17. > :41:23.the forest, written to commemorate those who fell at the Battle of
:41:24. > :41:25.Flodden, but now commemorating losses in all wars.
:41:26. > :41:44.Flodden, but now commemorating commemorated with an extract from a
:41:45. > :42:23.by Aberdeenshire poet Mary Symon, will be read by Gerda Stevenson.
:42:24. > :42:26.Far awa' is the Flanders land Wi' fremmit France atween,
:42:27. > :42:28.But mony a howe o' them baith the day
:42:29. > :42:32.It's them we kent that's lyin' there,
:42:33. > :42:38.But wi' brakin' herts, an' mem'ries sair,
:42:39. > :42:50.That we're biggin' the Soldiers' Cairn.
:42:51. > :42:53.More, more than death is symbolled there,
:42:54. > :43:00.There's the Dream Divine of a starward way
:43:01. > :43:14.In lands we'll never see, This lanely cairn on a hameland hill
:43:15. > :43:23.Is a' that oor love can dee, An' fine an' braw we'll mak' it a',
:43:24. > :43:32.It's a cradle's croon that'll aye blaw doon