0:00:02 > 0:00:04The plaster casts of Pompeii.
0:00:04 > 0:00:09They are some of the world's most famous echoes of our past.
0:00:09 > 0:00:13In this programme, I discover that science can now reveal
0:00:13 > 0:00:19exactly how these people died, and bring us face to face with history.
0:00:19 > 0:00:22That's amazing. That's just amazing.
0:00:43 > 0:00:49On the morning of what is thought to have been 24th of August, 79 AD,
0:00:49 > 0:00:52a powerful earthquake rocked the quiet countryside
0:00:52 > 0:00:54around mount Vesuvius.
0:00:54 > 0:00:55LOUD RUMBLES
0:00:55 > 0:00:58This was a sign that the volcano was stirring.
0:01:02 > 0:01:06Then, at around 1 o'clock, Vesuvius erupted.
0:01:17 > 0:01:21Mount Vesuvius erupted because the pressure exerted by the molten rock
0:01:21 > 0:01:24beneath the earth's crust increased to such a point
0:01:24 > 0:01:26it had to find a way out.
0:01:29 > 0:01:36Within seconds of the eruption, a gigantic cloud of ash and dust formed high above the volcano.
0:01:37 > 0:01:43The cloud was pushed more than 14 kilometres into the atmosphere,
0:01:43 > 0:01:46forced up by a powerful column of gas and debris.
0:01:52 > 0:01:55The cloud spread across the sky like black ink.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02It was so dense, it blocked out the sun
0:02:02 > 0:02:05and turned the sky above Pompeii to night.
0:02:13 > 0:02:15And then, came the downpour.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Only this wasn't rain.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24It was a barrage of fine ash,
0:02:24 > 0:02:28rock and lumps of solidified lava known as pumice stone.
0:02:31 > 0:02:34DOG WHINES
0:02:47 > 0:02:52Every second, one-and-a-half million tonnes of debris were pushed
0:02:52 > 0:02:54high into the stratosphere.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00And then fell back down onto the beleaguered city of Pompeii below.
0:03:00 > 0:03:03LOUD RUMBLING
0:03:03 > 0:03:10Pompeii and the nearby town of Herculaneum were drowning in a thick blanket of ash and pumice.
0:03:12 > 0:03:16The people sheltering in the boat sheds had no idea
0:03:16 > 0:03:17what was about to happen.
0:03:27 > 0:03:3112 hours after the eruption, the column of gas and debris
0:03:31 > 0:03:34stretched 32 kilometres high.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43But under its own weight, it was beginning to weaken.
0:03:47 > 0:03:50And at around 2am part of the column collapsed.
0:03:54 > 0:03:57The collapsing column sent a wave of superheated gas and dust
0:03:57 > 0:04:01surging down the sides of the volcano.
0:04:02 > 0:04:04This is known as a pyroclastic current.
0:04:06 > 0:04:10Temperatures inside the explosive blast were over 500 degrees Celsius,
0:04:10 > 0:04:14and travelled at 350 kilometres an hour.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22As time passed, the column continued to weaken.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26At 2am it collapsed again.
0:04:29 > 0:04:34A second pyroclastic current thundered down the sides of the volcano,
0:04:34 > 0:04:35closely followed by a third.
0:04:37 > 0:04:41Each surge grew in strength and pushed further and further out,
0:04:41 > 0:04:46closer and closer to the city of Pompeii.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52At around dawn, shower of ash
0:04:52 > 0:04:55and debris falling on Pompeii began to ease.
0:04:57 > 0:05:01The survivors in the city thought they were over the worst.
0:05:03 > 0:05:04But this was a cruel deception.
0:05:07 > 0:05:11Many people who'd fled returned to gather money and valuables.
0:05:17 > 0:05:22At around 7:30 AM, the column above Vesuvius collapsed again.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31A fourth pyroclastic current surged down the sides of the volcano.
0:05:38 > 0:05:44This time, gas and debris raced over the ground at even higher speeds.
0:05:51 > 0:05:53This time, it did reach Pompeii.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24Herculaneum, which is five kilometres closer than Pompeii to Vesuvius,
0:06:24 > 0:06:28had been hit by a pyroclastic current over five hours earlier,
0:06:28 > 0:06:31with even more devastating effects.
0:06:44 > 0:06:47Seven kilometres from Vesuvius sits Herculaneum.
0:06:49 > 0:06:51Until the 18th century,
0:06:51 > 0:06:55this town lay hidden beneath more than 20 metres of volcanic debris.
0:06:59 > 0:07:02When excavators first began to uncover Herculaneum,
0:07:02 > 0:07:06they were surprised by how few human remains were found.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10The assumed the population had escaped.
0:07:10 > 0:07:13But then in the 1980s, archaeologists turned
0:07:13 > 0:07:17their attention to a series of boat sheds that once lined the beach.
0:07:18 > 0:07:21Dr Pier Paolo Petrone is an anthropologist
0:07:21 > 0:07:25who excavated three of these boat sheds.
0:07:25 > 0:07:27Here are the victims.
0:07:35 > 0:07:37Gosh, that's horrific.
0:07:39 > 0:07:42And what first struck you about these bones?
0:07:47 > 0:07:50- And it looks as if it's been cut, it's so sharp.- Yes.
0:08:07 > 0:08:11So what force was hot enough to reduce these poor people
0:08:11 > 0:08:12to a pile of scorched bones?
0:08:14 > 0:08:17To understand what happened in Herculaneum,
0:08:17 > 0:08:21we need to look at a volcano that erupted in North America in the 1980s.
0:08:27 > 0:08:32Mount St Helens National Park has some of the most breathtaking scenery in the USA.
0:08:33 > 0:08:37But on Sunday, May 18th, 1980,
0:08:37 > 0:08:40this peaceful world was transformed
0:08:40 > 0:08:43when the Mount St Helens volcano erupted.
0:08:54 > 0:08:57Vulcanologists had seen eruptions before,
0:08:57 > 0:09:01but this was the first time they had managed to capture on film
0:09:01 > 0:09:02a little-known phenomenon.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07If you look at the footage carefully,
0:09:07 > 0:09:11you can see that the whole north face of Mount St Helens collapses.
0:09:14 > 0:09:17As it does, it releases a searing hot avalanche of gas and dust
0:09:17 > 0:09:21that explodes down the sides of the mountain.
0:09:23 > 0:09:27This is called a pyroclastic current.
0:09:28 > 0:09:33The turbulent wave of gas measured 700 degrees Celsius
0:09:33 > 0:09:36and travelled at nearly 500 kilometres an hour.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42Could you explain what a pyroclastic current is?
0:09:42 > 0:09:48A pyroclastic current is an avalanche of searing hot gas, ash and rock
0:09:48 > 0:09:51that travels down the slopes of a volcano
0:09:51 > 0:09:52at hundreds of kilometres an hour.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56It's impossible to outrun and absolutely deadly.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58When I think of an eruption,
0:09:58 > 0:10:01I think of streams of lava coming down a mountain.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03Well, the style of eruption,
0:10:03 > 0:10:05whether a volcano will erupt lava
0:10:05 > 0:10:07or if it were to erupt explosively,
0:10:07 > 0:10:11is primarily a function of how much gas is in the magma.
0:10:11 > 0:10:13If there is no gas in the magma,
0:10:13 > 0:10:17then the magma will erupt as a lava flow or a lava dome.
0:10:17 > 0:10:21And that is the actual magma, the liquefied rock that's coming out?
0:10:21 > 0:10:22Exactly.
0:10:22 > 0:10:26And in an explosive eruption, the difference is the magma
0:10:26 > 0:10:30has gas bubbles, and as the gas in the magma makes its way
0:10:30 > 0:10:33to the surface, the gas bubbles get bigger and bigger and bigger,
0:10:33 > 0:10:35to the point where, when the volcano erupts,
0:10:35 > 0:10:37the gases just expand very quickly,
0:10:37 > 0:10:41and it rips the magma apart into very tiny pieces,
0:10:41 > 0:10:44which are your ash and your pumice.
0:10:44 > 0:10:48From what scientists witnessed at Mount St Helens,
0:10:48 > 0:10:51and data gathered from other volcanic eruptions,
0:10:51 > 0:10:53it's now possible to piece together
0:10:53 > 0:10:56exactly what happened when Vesuvius erupted.
0:11:00 > 0:11:0312 hours after the initial eruption,
0:11:03 > 0:11:07the column above Vesuvius stretched nearly 32 kilometres high.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11But under its own weight, it collapsed.
0:11:15 > 0:11:18A pyroclastic current surged down the sides of the volcano
0:11:18 > 0:11:21at speeds up to 300 km an hour
0:11:27 > 0:11:32Temperatures inside the explosive blast were over 500 degrees Celsius.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40The wave of searing hot gas and ash
0:11:40 > 0:11:45took less than five minutes to strike Herculaneum, seven kilometres away.
0:11:58 > 0:12:00The intense heat surge killed them instantly.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08It vaporised their flesh.
0:12:16 > 0:12:19And that is why all that remained of the people in the boat sheds
0:12:19 > 0:12:23were blackened skeletons and cracked skulls.
0:12:37 > 0:12:42Buried beneath hardened ash, the victims' bodies decomposed.
0:12:45 > 0:12:48Centuries later, archaeologists filled the cavities left behind
0:12:48 > 0:12:51with plaster to make these eerie casts.
0:12:58 > 0:13:01This man's remains were found near the body of a mule,
0:13:01 > 0:13:04and so he's been named The Muleteer.
0:13:09 > 0:13:12Muleteers held one of the lowest social positions,
0:13:12 > 0:13:15but they were vital for transporting goods around the city.
0:13:21 > 0:13:26They knew the narrow streets of Pompeii better than anybody,
0:13:26 > 0:13:29but this knowledge didn't help him escape on the day of the eruption.
0:13:34 > 0:13:36His remains now sit in Pompeii's granary.
0:13:39 > 0:13:44This crouching figure, his hands raised to his face, was taken
0:13:44 > 0:13:49as proof that the people of Pompeii were suffocated by the ash raining down from Vesuvius.
0:13:52 > 0:13:56'But Dr Peter Baxter from Cambridge University thinks
0:13:56 > 0:14:00'the Muleteer's pose has been misinterpreted.'
0:14:00 > 0:14:03Well, when the early archaeologists saw this cast,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06they automatically jumped to the conclusion that the victims died
0:14:06 > 0:14:10as a result of the heavy ash fall from the volcano,
0:14:10 > 0:14:13and that they very quickly got covered and buried in ash
0:14:13 > 0:14:15and suffocated in the ash fall.
0:14:15 > 0:14:18So the hands were protecting the nose?
0:14:18 > 0:14:22The hands were, in effect, protecting the mouth from breathing
0:14:22 > 0:14:24in the ash coming down in the air around them.
0:14:24 > 0:14:29So people used to think that this individual had asphyxiated,
0:14:29 > 0:14:30had choked to death.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33Is this the kind of posture someone would have if that happened to them?
0:14:33 > 0:14:35It's unlikely.
0:14:35 > 0:14:38They're more likely to be unconscious on the ground,
0:14:38 > 0:14:40rather than crouching like this.
0:14:43 > 0:14:47So if the people here didn't suffocate on the ash,
0:14:47 > 0:14:51and weren't consumed by lava, what did kill them
0:14:51 > 0:14:55and fix their bodies in these strange positions?
0:14:58 > 0:15:02There is a clue hidden in the pose of a cast
0:15:02 > 0:15:04which now lies in another part of Pompeii.
0:15:09 > 0:15:11This is the Macellum.
0:15:14 > 0:15:17It was once Pompeii's bustling marketplace,
0:15:17 > 0:15:21a lively and sometimes smelly focal point
0:15:21 > 0:15:23for the city's 20,000 inhabitants.
0:15:27 > 0:15:34It's now the final resting place of two people killed by Vesuvius.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37For years, people thought that this woman had her arms raised
0:15:37 > 0:15:42because she was trying to protect herself against an attacker.
0:15:42 > 0:15:47But recently forensic scientists have reanalysed her strange posture,
0:15:47 > 0:15:50and they now think it holds vital information
0:15:50 > 0:15:53about how the people in Pompeii were killed.
0:15:53 > 0:15:57Yes. This attitude is very typical of someone who has been exposed
0:15:57 > 0:16:00to extreme heat at the moment of death.
0:16:00 > 0:16:03It appears as if the individual is protecting themselves
0:16:03 > 0:16:07by lifting their arms up in that way,
0:16:07 > 0:16:10but it is also very characteristic of the effects of intense heat,
0:16:10 > 0:16:14when they are enveloped in the cloud of very hot ash and gases.
0:16:14 > 0:16:18That almost looks like the way a boxer defends himself, doesn't it?
0:16:18 > 0:16:22Yes, it's called the pugilistic attitude by pathologists,
0:16:22 > 0:16:25because when people are caught and die in fires,
0:16:25 > 0:16:27they can adopt this posture, causing the muscles
0:16:27 > 0:16:29to coagulate and shorten
0:16:29 > 0:16:33so that the limbs flex and adopt this shape,
0:16:33 > 0:16:36and then this posture becomes fixed at the time of death.
0:16:36 > 0:16:38It's very hard to overcome.
0:16:38 > 0:16:42So this isn't just characteristic of death from a volcanic eruption,
0:16:42 > 0:16:44it's death from heat?
0:16:44 > 0:16:48We see this whenever anyone dies from extreme heat.
0:16:58 > 0:17:01But a mystery remains.
0:17:01 > 0:17:04If the victims of Pompeii were killed by intense heat,
0:17:04 > 0:17:09how did their clothes, still visible on the casts, survive?
0:17:25 > 0:17:28If you look closely at the plaster casts in Pompeii, you can
0:17:28 > 0:17:31still see the imprint of the clothes that people were wearing
0:17:31 > 0:17:33when Vesuvius erupted.
0:17:34 > 0:17:35They, like their poses,
0:17:35 > 0:17:38have been beautifully preserved in the plaster.
0:17:40 > 0:17:44So if the people were struck by an intense blast of hot gas,
0:17:44 > 0:17:46why wasn't their clothing destroyed?
0:17:53 > 0:17:56To find out, I've come to Edinburgh.
0:18:02 > 0:18:06Here at the university they have a machine
0:18:06 > 0:18:11that is capable of recreating a pyroclastic current in the laboratory.
0:18:18 > 0:18:24Helping us is fire safety engineer Dr Luke Bisby.
0:18:24 > 0:18:26So, Luke, what does this machine do?
0:18:26 > 0:18:29It's a piece of equipment called a fire propagation apparatus.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32Basically, we place the sample inside this quartz tube on a table
0:18:32 > 0:18:33down inside the machine,
0:18:33 > 0:18:37and we use these very high-powered infrared lamps
0:18:37 > 0:18:41to impose heat that we can supply to the sample in a very controlled way.
0:18:41 > 0:18:46The sample of fabric we are using is a type of boiled wool.
0:18:46 > 0:18:49It's thought to be very similar to the type of material
0:18:49 > 0:18:51worn by the population of Pompeii.
0:18:51 > 0:18:55We're wrapping the wool around pieces of pork
0:18:55 > 0:18:59to replicate the human flesh beneath the cloth.
0:18:59 > 0:19:03So we are going to stimulate what it would have been like
0:19:03 > 0:19:07- for a person being hit by that surge?- That's right.
0:19:07 > 0:19:10What we're trying to do here is simulate a pyroclastic surge
0:19:10 > 0:19:14moving down the side of the volcano and over Pompeii
0:19:14 > 0:19:16at a gas temperature of about 300 degrees Celsius.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18OK, well, let's see what happens.
0:19:24 > 0:19:29The light given off by this machine is powerful enough to blind,
0:19:29 > 0:19:33so before it fires up I've got to put on safety glasses.
0:19:42 > 0:19:46We're going to heat the sample for 150 seconds.
0:19:46 > 0:19:49Experts think this is the length of time the people of Pompeii
0:19:49 > 0:19:52were exposed to the pyroclastic current.
0:20:05 > 0:20:09Right, so let's have a look inside our sample here.
0:20:09 > 0:20:11The cloth is a bit charred, isn't it?
0:20:11 > 0:20:15Yeah, there's some slight discolouration
0:20:15 > 0:20:16and charring of the cloth,
0:20:16 > 0:20:20but, as you can see, it's still very much intact.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23These are predominantly edge effects due to contact with the foil.
0:20:23 > 0:20:26In any case, it's really the centre that we're more interested in,
0:20:26 > 0:20:30- and you can see the cloth there is very well intact.- That's phenomenal.
0:20:30 > 0:20:32And underneath, we have the pork flesh.
0:20:32 > 0:20:36I'll just take it out of the foil here,
0:20:36 > 0:20:39and you can see there is some slight discolouration
0:20:39 > 0:20:43and drying to the top of the pork, so it's definitely been heated.
0:20:43 > 0:20:46I'll just cut into it here
0:20:46 > 0:20:49and see if we can see any discolouration.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52There is some clear discolouration at the surface here,
0:20:52 > 0:20:55although not to a very significant depth.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58You can see that the pork at the top is actually cooked,
0:20:58 > 0:21:01despite the fact that we don't have any damage to the woollen cloth.
0:21:01 > 0:21:06So what temperature would the flesh have got to, to turn out like that?
0:21:06 > 0:21:10I expect the flesh here got to between 200-250 Celsius.
0:21:36 > 0:21:39We have chosen to recreate the face of a cast
0:21:39 > 0:21:42that now rests inside Pompeii's granary.
0:21:43 > 0:21:48To recreate this man's face, we've enlisted Richard Neave.
0:21:48 > 0:21:52He's an expert on anatomical facial reconstruction.
0:21:52 > 0:21:55Tell me, how do you work? What are you going to do?
0:21:55 > 0:21:59Because of the limitations on how we can handle this material,
0:21:59 > 0:22:04if we can get X-rays of the skull from the front and the side,
0:22:04 > 0:22:08then from that information I can rebuild a skull.
0:22:08 > 0:22:12- And you can actually then put flesh on the bones?- Effectively, yes.
0:22:14 > 0:22:19'The handheld X-ray machine sends images directly to a monitor
0:22:19 > 0:22:21'where Richard and I can view them.'
0:22:21 > 0:22:22- Bingo!- Look!
0:22:22 > 0:22:28- It never ceases to amaze me. - That's the expert eye, I think.
0:22:28 > 0:22:30'The X-ray machine is essentially a camera,
0:22:30 > 0:22:35'except instead of visible light, it uses X-rays to expose the image.
0:22:37 > 0:22:40'Because X-rays can pass through the plaster more easily than
0:22:40 > 0:22:46'human bone, when we photograph the body cast it projects a perfect
0:22:46 > 0:22:49'image of the skull beneath the plaster.'
0:22:49 > 0:22:51Oh, wow!
0:22:51 > 0:22:54It's surprising, isn't it, when you look at it like this?
0:22:54 > 0:23:00Just how much...you really can...see.
0:23:00 > 0:23:06- That's the edge of the skull there. - Yes. There's the front of the skull.
0:23:06 > 0:23:09Beautifully shown. There's the frontal sinus here.
0:23:09 > 0:23:12That's the roof of the orbit down there.
0:23:12 > 0:23:15- The roof of the eye socket.- Mm-hm.
0:23:15 > 0:23:20There's the nose, the floor of the mouth, the palate. Hard palate.
0:23:20 > 0:23:23And our teeth.
0:23:23 > 0:23:25Upper and lower teeth.
0:23:25 > 0:23:29So is this good enough to create a reconstruction from?
0:23:29 > 0:23:33From this, we can create a skull.
0:23:33 > 0:23:37And having done that, we can create the face on the skull we've made.
0:23:37 > 0:23:39Two, three.
0:23:41 > 0:23:44'The reconstruction team have also been given access to another
0:23:44 > 0:23:50'victim of Vesuvius, this time from the town of Herculaneum.
0:23:52 > 0:23:55'The face we are going to recreate is that of a young woman
0:23:55 > 0:23:58'who died in one of Herculaneum's boat sheds.
0:24:00 > 0:24:04'She's known as the Bella Donna.
0:24:04 > 0:24:08'She's thought to have been a wealthy inhabitant of Herculaneum,
0:24:08 > 0:24:12'a woman who lived a life of luxury.
0:24:12 > 0:24:14'A life cut all too short.'
0:24:18 > 0:24:22I'm holding a 2,000-year-old skull.
0:24:22 > 0:24:28This is supposed to be a woman's skull, and she's called Bella Donna,
0:24:28 > 0:24:30the beautiful woman.
0:24:30 > 0:24:34I wonder if we can tell that, or if you can tell that.
0:24:35 > 0:24:39Now, we can see from this that it has the features that one would
0:24:39 > 0:24:46associate with a female skull. You have big eye sockets, big orbits.
0:24:46 > 0:24:48And it's very symmetrical,
0:24:48 > 0:24:53and one tends to associate beauty with symmetry.
0:24:53 > 0:24:57- With regular features. - Regular features, yes.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00Because the Bella Donna's skull isn't encased in plaster,
0:25:00 > 0:25:02we don't need to use the X-ray machine.
0:25:02 > 0:25:07Instead, we're going to map her entire skull with a 3D scanner.
0:25:08 > 0:25:12'From this, we can create an exact three-dimensional copy.'
0:25:12 > 0:25:17So now you can see on the screen already, the 3D object.
0:25:17 > 0:25:22- It's like a real object coming out of nothing.- Exactly.
0:25:22 > 0:25:27'Richard will use the 3D copy as a foundation from which to
0:25:27 > 0:25:29'rebuild the face of this victim of Vesuvius.'
0:25:36 > 0:25:41'For the last two months, Richard Neave has been hard at work in his studio in England.
0:25:41 > 0:25:45'Using measurements taken from the X-rays and 3D scans,
0:25:45 > 0:25:49'he's built skulls for both the Bella Donna and the Anonymous Man,
0:25:49 > 0:25:51'and is now starting to put flesh on the bones.
0:25:51 > 0:25:56'Richard then uses wax to build the muscles.
0:25:56 > 0:26:00'Their shape and contours are directly determined by the skull beneath.
0:26:02 > 0:26:09'More wax is then added to simulate the outer layers of subcutaneous tissue and skin.
0:26:09 > 0:26:14'Once the head is modelled, skin colour, hair and other details are added
0:26:14 > 0:26:17'in consultation with archaeological experts.
0:26:19 > 0:26:22'It takes Richard nearly 3 months to complete both heads.'
0:26:27 > 0:26:30'It's now winter, and Richard and I are back in Italy.
0:26:32 > 0:26:36'The first head we are going to see is that of the Bella Donna.
0:26:37 > 0:26:39This is what we've got.
0:26:42 > 0:26:43It's a person.
0:26:43 > 0:26:47It's so real. That's all I can say. So real.
0:26:50 > 0:26:52I find it very hard
0:26:52 > 0:26:56when looking at all those skeletons in the boathouses to think these
0:26:56 > 0:27:00were all individuals, but looking at her and thinking her skull was
0:27:00 > 0:27:04among those, she was an individual and of course, they all were.
0:27:04 > 0:27:07It brings it much more to life, somehow, what happened.
0:27:09 > 0:27:12'The second face Richard has reconstructed is of the man
0:27:12 > 0:27:15'who now lies in Pompeii's granary.
0:27:17 > 0:27:23'I wonder what sort of face Richard has created for this mysterious figure.'
0:27:23 > 0:27:26- Here we are.- Right. Let's see what you've made.
0:27:26 > 0:27:29There he is, Margaret.
0:27:30 > 0:27:34That's amazing! That's just amazing!
0:27:37 > 0:27:40- Not what you were expecting. - Not what I was expecting at all.
0:27:40 > 0:27:44And I think it...looks so real,
0:27:44 > 0:27:49so human and...so much...what would be more lifelike, but so alive,
0:27:49 > 0:27:54and thinking that that actually is what the person
0:27:54 > 0:27:57whose bones are inside that plaster,
0:27:57 > 0:28:00but it doesn't seem to me really like a real person,
0:28:00 > 0:28:06whereas when I see what you've made here, the person comes alive.
0:28:09 > 0:28:12It's extraordinary looking into that man's eyes.
0:28:12 > 0:28:15He seems so human, he's almost alive.
0:28:15 > 0:28:17And he was just an ordinary man who lived here,
0:28:17 > 0:28:20but he died in the most extraordinary way.
0:28:20 > 0:28:22And looking at him, you wonder what can it have
0:28:22 > 0:28:25been like for the people who were caught in that eruption?
0:28:25 > 0:28:27It must have been indescribably awful.
0:28:37 > 0:28:41Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd