0:00:25 > 0:00:27Hello, children, what are you doing?
0:00:27 > 0:00:30We're sticking our pictures up on the wall.
0:00:30 > 0:00:31That's great,
0:00:31 > 0:00:35but have you ever thought about how important walls are?
0:00:35 > 0:00:37That wall doesn't just hold your pictures up,
0:00:37 > 0:00:42it's holding up the roof above our heads and the whole school.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44It has to be very strong to do that.
0:00:44 > 0:00:46Do you know what it's made of?
0:00:46 > 0:00:48Is it made out of bricks?
0:00:48 > 0:00:51That's right. But what are bricks made from?
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Mm... I don't know.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56Bricks start their journey in the ground, as clay.
0:00:56 > 0:00:58Clay is a type of rock.
0:00:58 > 0:01:02In fact, clay is made up of tiny bits of rock,
0:01:02 > 0:01:04smaller than a grain of sand.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06The clay is dug up by big diggers in quarries.
0:01:08 > 0:01:12Clay is special because when it is mixed with water,
0:01:12 > 0:01:17it becomes very sticky and it can be made into lots of different shapes.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19This is why it can be used to make lots of things
0:01:19 > 0:01:22like plates, cups and bricks.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25Clay is the main ingredient to make a brick,
0:01:25 > 0:01:29but a lot has to be done to the clay before it can hold up a building.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32Would you like to find out more?
0:01:32 > 0:01:34BOTH: Yes, please!
0:01:34 > 0:01:38Off you go to the brick factory to find out more from my friend Graham.
0:01:45 > 0:01:47Hello, children. My name is Graham.
0:01:47 > 0:01:49I run this brick factory.
0:01:49 > 0:01:51Would you like us to show you how we make our bricks?
0:01:51 > 0:01:52BOTH: Yeah!
0:01:52 > 0:01:55Come on, then. Let's see what we can find.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59All the clay comes to the factory from local quarries,
0:01:59 > 0:02:01ready to be made into bricks.
0:02:01 > 0:02:06The first thing to do is to move the clay from the yard into the factory.
0:02:11 > 0:02:12Wow!
0:02:12 > 0:02:16It travels on a conveyor, way up in the air.
0:02:16 > 0:02:19You can follow it to see what happens next.
0:02:19 > 0:02:20There's the conveyor belt,
0:02:20 > 0:02:24so the clay was there and it goes all the way up into the factory.
0:02:25 > 0:02:26Wow!
0:02:26 > 0:02:30The next stage is to get rid of all the lumps.
0:02:30 > 0:02:34The conveyor takes the clay to a big machine that crushes it.
0:02:34 > 0:02:37To see inside the crusher, you need to climb up all these stairs.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39Careful now!
0:02:42 > 0:02:44There you go. If you look in,
0:02:44 > 0:02:47those big rollers are crushing up the clay, can you see?
0:02:47 > 0:02:49BOTH: Yeah.
0:02:49 > 0:02:51Each one of those weighs about ten tonnes.
0:02:52 > 0:02:53Wow!
0:02:54 > 0:02:57Now the clay is smoother, water is added.
0:02:59 > 0:03:03So the big mixer we saw up there, that's crushing the clay.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06And we also start adding some water to the clay.
0:03:06 > 0:03:08Why do you add water?
0:03:08 > 0:03:10We have to make sure the clay is nice and soft
0:03:10 > 0:03:13so that we can mould it into bricks.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15To see how soft the clay needs to be,
0:03:15 > 0:03:18Keith can show you how he makes bricks by hand.
0:03:21 > 0:03:23Hello, kids. My name's Keith.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26I'm going to show you now how to make a handmade brick, OK?
0:03:26 > 0:03:27BOTH: Yeah!
0:03:27 > 0:03:29What we do, we get the clay,
0:03:29 > 0:03:33which is the same as the clay they use down in the factories.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35We get enough clay to make the brick.
0:03:35 > 0:03:37Then, we roll it in the sand.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41Why do you roll it in the sand?
0:03:41 > 0:03:44I roll it in the sand so when we make the brick,
0:03:44 > 0:03:46it doesn't stick in the mould.
0:03:46 > 0:03:49So if we didn't do that, we wouldn't be able to get the bricks out
0:03:49 > 0:03:51and they wouldn't be no good.
0:03:52 > 0:03:56OK. Then we pick it up, place it in there.
0:03:56 > 0:03:58This is the noisy bit.
0:04:01 > 0:04:02OK?
0:04:03 > 0:04:05Then, we cut that off.
0:04:05 > 0:04:07We use that to make another brick.
0:04:07 > 0:04:08And we turn it over,
0:04:08 > 0:04:11give it a little tap, like that.
0:04:11 > 0:04:13Then we put it on here, look.
0:04:13 > 0:04:15And lift it up.
0:04:15 > 0:04:17And that's the brick.
0:04:17 > 0:04:19It's amazing.
0:04:19 > 0:04:21Who wants to make a brick?
0:04:21 > 0:04:23Me, me, me!
0:04:23 > 0:04:26Put it on top of there, that's it.
0:04:26 > 0:04:27Pat it down.
0:04:30 > 0:04:31That's it.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37That's it. Pat it on top.
0:04:41 > 0:04:42That's it, pull it towards you.
0:04:44 > 0:04:46Bring it over here.
0:04:49 > 0:04:51There we are, there we go.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00These are how bricks have been made for thousands of years,
0:05:00 > 0:05:03but now the majority of them are made in the factories.
0:05:03 > 0:05:05We can't make enough for all the houses
0:05:05 > 0:05:07that are being built nowadays.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09What happens next?
0:05:09 > 0:05:12Well, Graham will show you what happens next.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14- Shall we go and see him? - BOTH: Yeah!
0:05:14 > 0:05:16Come on, then.
0:05:18 > 0:05:21In order to make lots of bricks in the factory,
0:05:21 > 0:05:23a massive machine is used.
0:05:25 > 0:05:28Just like Keith, the machine squeezes the clay into moulds.
0:05:28 > 0:05:31Each rectangle shape makes a brick.
0:05:38 > 0:05:40So this is actually bricks being made,
0:05:40 > 0:05:43where the soft, sticky clay is coming down through the machine
0:05:43 > 0:05:46and the press block there is just
0:05:46 > 0:05:49squeezing the right amount of clay into the mould.
0:05:49 > 0:05:51So very, very soft, sticky clay.
0:05:51 > 0:05:52Lovely to play with.
0:05:57 > 0:05:59The bricks are pushed out of the mould using sand.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03This is exactly the same as Keith and his handmade bricks.
0:06:03 > 0:06:07But the sand has another really important job.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10We use different types of sand to give us different colours of bricks.
0:06:10 > 0:06:14So we can make purple bricks, black bricks, red bricks.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16In fact, the bricks we're making today,
0:06:16 > 0:06:18that you've seen all the clay coming into the factory,
0:06:18 > 0:06:20will actually come out yellow.
0:06:20 > 0:06:25So a nice buff clay, yellow sand and stain will make a yellow brick.
0:06:25 > 0:06:27Red sand with a red clay.
0:06:27 > 0:06:30And then we can even put a colorant on the brick.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33So lots and lots of different sands, colours, stains
0:06:33 > 0:06:37will make lots of pretty different-coloured bricks. OK?
0:06:39 > 0:06:40Now, the bricks have to be made hard
0:06:40 > 0:06:43and the first part of this is to dry them.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49Once we've made our bricks, we then have to dry them.
0:06:49 > 0:06:51So we put them into dryers.
0:06:51 > 0:06:53They're in the dryers for about 24 hours.
0:06:53 > 0:06:57The temperature of the dryers is up to 100 degrees Celsius,
0:06:57 > 0:06:58so very, very hot.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01That's why there's sometimes steam coming out of the dryers,
0:07:01 > 0:07:04cos that's the water coming out of the bricks.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06Why do you remove the water?
0:07:06 > 0:07:09If we didn't remove the water before they go into the kiln,
0:07:09 > 0:07:12they would actually explode. The water would get trapped
0:07:12 > 0:07:14in the middle of the brick and they'd shatter.
0:07:14 > 0:07:17And we don't like shattered bricks. We like perfect bricks.
0:07:17 > 0:07:20OK, shall we go and see the next stage and the kiln?
0:07:20 > 0:07:21Yes, please.
0:07:23 > 0:07:26Once the bricks are nice and dry, they go to the kiln to be fired.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42So these have just come through the kiln,
0:07:42 > 0:07:45and the kiln is a really, really hot oven.
0:07:45 > 0:07:48It's a hot temperature of 1,080 degrees centigrade.
0:07:48 > 0:07:51So, in a minute, the doors will automatically open,
0:07:51 > 0:07:54and we'll see all the red-hot bricks inside.
0:07:55 > 0:07:58Oh, yeah.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Wow!
0:08:01 > 0:08:03It looks really hot.
0:08:03 > 0:08:06That's right, children. Those flames are firing the bricks,
0:08:06 > 0:08:09hardening them so they're strong enough to hold up a house.
0:08:20 > 0:08:22That's the end of our day.
0:08:22 > 0:08:24This is where the bricks are finally selected.
0:08:24 > 0:08:27We package them up and send them off all over the UK
0:08:27 > 0:08:30for people to build houses, hospitals and schools.
0:08:30 > 0:08:32So you now know exactly how to make bricks,
0:08:32 > 0:08:36so you can go off now and tell Curious Cat all about it, can't you?
0:08:36 > 0:08:38BOTH: Yeah!
0:08:38 > 0:08:41So, children, how was your journey?
0:08:41 > 0:08:42It was great.
0:08:42 > 0:08:45We made our own bricks! See?
0:08:45 > 0:08:48That's fantastic! What did you learn?
0:08:48 > 0:08:51Bricks are made of clay and water.
0:08:51 > 0:08:54The water makes the clay easy to mould.
0:08:54 > 0:08:58The mixture is squished and squashed so it is all the same.
0:08:58 > 0:09:01It's put into a mould to make a brick shape.
0:09:01 > 0:09:07It is dried to get rid of all the water so it wouldn't explode.
0:09:07 > 0:09:12It gets really hot in the kiln and this makes the brick really strong.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15The bricks are packed up to go to building sites.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17Well done, children!
0:09:17 > 0:09:19Now you know how clay becomes strong enough
0:09:19 > 0:09:22to hold up the school and your houses.
0:09:22 > 0:09:24It's time to say goodbye.
0:09:24 > 0:09:26BOTH: Bye-bye, Curious Cat.
0:09:26 > 0:09:30Goodbye, children!
0:09:57 > 0:09:58Hello, children.
0:09:58 > 0:10:00BOTH: Hello, Curious Cat!
0:10:00 > 0:10:03- What are you doing?- We're watching a programme on TV.
0:10:03 > 0:10:05Do you know how TV is made?
0:10:05 > 0:10:07BOTH: No.
0:10:07 > 0:10:10Well, go and meet my friend Steve who can tell you all about it.
0:10:17 > 0:10:19- Hi!- Hi, Louis. Hi, Kai.- Hi!
0:10:19 > 0:10:22- Would you like to see how we make television?- BOTH: Yes, please!
0:10:22 > 0:10:24Follow me.
0:10:26 > 0:10:30It all starts in the television studio, where programmes are filmed.
0:10:30 > 0:10:34For live TV, the studio is connected to a special room,
0:10:34 > 0:10:36where everything is controlled.
0:10:36 > 0:10:40The people who run the show sit in here telling everyone,
0:10:40 > 0:10:42including the presenters, what to do.
0:10:42 > 0:10:46Coming to camera three, then. Last ten seconds...
0:10:46 > 0:10:47In three, two, one...
0:10:51 > 0:10:54That bit is the important bit, yeah?
0:10:54 > 0:10:57Let's find out what a presenter does.
0:11:00 > 0:11:02- Hello!- Hello, how lovely to see you.
0:11:02 > 0:11:04Welcome to my studio.
0:11:04 > 0:11:06Kai and Louis, this is Matt.
0:11:06 > 0:11:08He presents The One Show live for BBC.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11He's going to tell us what being a live presenter is all about.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14- Ahh!- What is being a live presenter all about?
0:11:14 > 0:11:15Well, it's a very good question.
0:11:15 > 0:11:17Basically, you've got half an hour
0:11:17 > 0:11:20to get loads of information into a show.
0:11:20 > 0:11:24We've got lots of different films. And the key is knowing your guest.
0:11:24 > 0:11:25Right, lads, you see this?
0:11:25 > 0:11:28This is a special little tool that all presenters have
0:11:28 > 0:11:29and it's called an earpiece.
0:11:29 > 0:11:33And this fastens, it's a bit like a walkie-talkie system, OK?
0:11:33 > 0:11:35And this is like, you'd go, "Cccrr, hello," right?
0:11:35 > 0:11:37But what you do is you fasten that to the end
0:11:37 > 0:11:40and then you stick this bit in your ear,
0:11:40 > 0:11:42tuck it all in behind so no-one can see it,
0:11:42 > 0:11:45and you can hear what people are saying in the gallery.
0:11:45 > 0:11:48And this is a special room where lots of people are talking.
0:11:48 > 0:11:51So Steve sits in there, he's the director.
0:11:51 > 0:11:55From this special room, Steve can talk to Matt in his earpiece.
0:11:55 > 0:11:58But Matt uses another clever piece of technology
0:11:58 > 0:12:00that tells him what to say.
0:12:00 > 0:12:02It's called an autocue.
0:12:03 > 0:12:06We've seen how Matt and the professionals do it.
0:12:06 > 0:12:09They read the words on the screen in front of the camera.
0:12:09 > 0:12:11Lots of people have helped to write for them.
0:12:11 > 0:12:15The screen is see-through and the camera is hidden behind it.
0:12:15 > 0:12:19This means the presenters are looking directly at the camera
0:12:19 > 0:12:20as they read their words.
0:12:20 > 0:12:25It must be really hard listening and reading at the same time.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27Why don't you have a go!
0:12:27 > 0:12:30Kai, you read the words from the autocue.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32And, Louis, you tell him things to do,
0:12:32 > 0:12:36just like the people talking to Matt in his earpiece.
0:12:36 > 0:12:38We've got you on camera. Action!
0:12:38 > 0:12:41Today, we will learn how TV is made.
0:12:41 > 0:12:42Put your right arm up.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45We are on the set of The One Show...
0:12:45 > 0:12:46Put your left arm up.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49We are filming behind the scenes...
0:12:49 > 0:12:51Put your right arm down.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53Here, we will learn about filming a live TV show...
0:12:53 > 0:12:55Put your left arm down.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58Next, we will see how the show is sent to TVs...
0:12:58 > 0:13:00Put both arms up.
0:13:00 > 0:13:01..all around the country.
0:13:01 > 0:13:04Put both arms down.
0:13:04 > 0:13:07You've had a go at reading and listening at the same time.
0:13:07 > 0:13:09It's difficult, isn't it? BOTH: Yeah.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13While Matt is listening to his earpiece and reading the autocue,
0:13:13 > 0:13:16the cameras are recording his image and sound.
0:13:16 > 0:13:18Why don't you have a go on the cameras?
0:13:25 > 0:13:27Studio cameras are really big.
0:13:27 > 0:13:29They have a screen to see what you're filming
0:13:29 > 0:13:32and buttons to control them.
0:13:32 > 0:13:36They also have wheels so they can move around the studio.
0:13:38 > 0:13:40I like being a cameraman.
0:13:46 > 0:13:48Next, the pictures and sound
0:13:48 > 0:13:51recorded on the cameras in the studio
0:13:51 > 0:13:54go to a special room full of TVs.
0:13:54 > 0:13:57This is where everything is controlled.
0:13:57 > 0:13:58It's called the gallery.
0:13:58 > 0:14:00This is the gallery or control room,
0:14:00 > 0:14:03where everything is controlled on live transmissions.
0:14:03 > 0:14:05The producer talks to Matt in his earpiece.
0:14:05 > 0:14:08And I sit here trying to make sure the show goes out smoothly.
0:14:08 > 0:14:10The producer is in charge,
0:14:10 > 0:14:14and they control everything from this room using the TVs and buttons.
0:14:14 > 0:14:20Steve is the director, and he tells the cameramen what to do.
0:14:20 > 0:14:24Some of the TVs show what each of the studio cameras are recording.
0:14:24 > 0:14:30This one is for the final programme that you watch on your TV at home.
0:14:30 > 0:14:33Let's find out what the buttons do.
0:14:33 > 0:14:37As you press the buttons on this row, here, it changes what happens.
0:14:37 > 0:14:40Can we use these? The lever?
0:14:40 > 0:14:44You can use the lever. Louis, if you just move that lever... See?
0:14:44 > 0:14:46That's something called a mix effect.
0:14:46 > 0:14:53So, the buttons and levers control what you see on the screens.
0:14:53 > 0:14:55What happens next?
0:14:55 > 0:14:59- Shall we go and find out? - Yes.- Yes, please.
0:15:03 > 0:15:06Once the programme is ready, it can be sent
0:15:06 > 0:15:08to all the houses across the country.
0:15:08 > 0:15:10Once the programme is finished, it comes
0:15:10 > 0:15:14to the control room and gets sent all across the country.
0:15:14 > 0:15:18If you look there, you can see the programmes on air live on the BBC.
0:15:18 > 0:15:20So, how does it get to the people's homes?
0:15:20 > 0:15:22- I'll show you. Follow me.- OK.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29So, to send the picture to your homes,
0:15:29 > 0:15:32we first have to turn it into waves.
0:15:32 > 0:15:34I've got a really good way of showing you that.
0:15:34 > 0:15:37If I talk into this microphone, and you look at the screen,
0:15:37 > 0:15:39see the line moving?
0:15:39 > 0:15:41- Yes.- If I talk quietly, see, it's quite small?
0:15:41 > 0:15:45And then if I talk loudly, see, it goes really big?
0:15:45 > 0:15:47- Yeah.- That's the sound being turned into a wave.
0:15:47 > 0:15:50- Do you want to have a go? - Yes, please.
0:15:50 > 0:15:51Ahhhhhhh.
0:15:51 > 0:15:52Looooooooooaaarrr.
0:15:55 > 0:15:58Once we've turned it into waves, we send it to your house.
0:15:58 > 0:16:02Once the pictures and sounds have been changed into waves,
0:16:02 > 0:16:05they're sent to special machine called a satellite dish.
0:16:12 > 0:16:16This is where we broadcast all of the BBC channels from, like CBBC.
0:16:16 > 0:16:18We have to broadcast 365 days a year, 24 hours a day.
0:16:18 > 0:16:21If we didn't, there wouldn't be any telly.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24Why do they have to point upwards, though?
0:16:24 > 0:16:26So they can see a satellite in space.
0:16:26 > 0:16:29That's right, and Steve's got a really good way
0:16:29 > 0:16:32of demonstrating why satellite dishes point upwards.
0:16:34 > 0:16:39So, imagine that light, there, is a satellite dish.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41The TV signals travel in a straight line to your home.
0:16:41 > 0:16:43This mug's your home.
0:16:44 > 0:16:47If the dishes were on the ground, any big building
0:16:47 > 0:16:51like my hand or a tree would block the signal. You see the shadow?
0:16:51 > 0:16:54That's the signal blocking, so people wouldn't get a good picture.
0:16:54 > 0:16:59We don't send it from the dish on the ground directly to people's homes.
0:16:59 > 0:17:02Instead the dish points up at a satellite.
0:17:08 > 0:17:12It's pointing at the satellite way up in space
0:17:12 > 0:17:16and that beams down to people's homes,
0:17:16 > 0:17:18and if you put your hands there, see?
0:17:18 > 0:17:20The signal's not blocked.
0:17:20 > 0:17:22There's no shadow.
0:17:22 > 0:17:24So, that's why we use a satellite -
0:17:24 > 0:17:26to get the signals down to everybody at once.
0:17:26 > 0:17:30So, the TV waves are beamed from the satellite dish
0:17:30 > 0:17:35up to a satellite in space, which sends them back down to your houses.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38What do the TV waves do next?
0:17:38 > 0:17:40They get converted back into sound and pictures,
0:17:40 > 0:17:44- so you can watch them on your television.- Clever idea.- Very clever.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51Hello, children. How was your journey?
0:17:51 > 0:17:54It was really fun. We went behind the scenes at The One Show,
0:17:54 > 0:17:59and we met the presenter, who told us all about his job.
0:17:59 > 0:18:03The presenters listen to the producers in their earpiece
0:18:03 > 0:18:06and they tell them what to do.
0:18:06 > 0:18:11I read from the autocue and Louis told me stuff to do.
0:18:11 > 0:18:14It was very hard to read and listen at the same time.
0:18:14 > 0:18:18We filmed stuff on the big cameras and it was really fun.
0:18:18 > 0:18:22The pictures and sounds go into a special room where
0:18:22 > 0:18:24they put together the programmes.
0:18:24 > 0:18:28Then the programme is made into a wave which can travel really far
0:18:28 > 0:18:31in a straight line.
0:18:31 > 0:18:34Waves can't go round objects,
0:18:34 > 0:18:37so they're sent up to a satellite in space.
0:18:37 > 0:18:40Then the waves are sent down to all the TVs in the UK.
0:18:40 > 0:18:45That's great, children. So, now you know all about how TV is made.
0:18:45 > 0:18:47It's time to say goodbye.
0:18:47 > 0:18:49BOTH: Goodbye, Curious Cat.
0:18:49 > 0:18:53Goodbye, children.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18Hello, children.
0:19:18 > 0:19:21BOTH: Hello, Curious Cat.
0:19:21 > 0:19:22What are you doing?
0:19:22 > 0:19:24We're drawing pictures with crayons.
0:19:24 > 0:19:26We've drawn pictures of you.
0:19:26 > 0:19:28Wow, that's great.
0:19:28 > 0:19:31Crayons can be all sorts of different colours,
0:19:31 > 0:19:32not just orange and purple.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34Do you know what they're made of?
0:19:34 > 0:19:36Are they made of wax?
0:19:36 > 0:19:38Yes, that's right.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40And wax is made from oil,
0:19:40 > 0:19:44a black, shiny liquid that comes from underground.
0:19:44 > 0:19:49Oil is found in rocks which have lots of little holes in them
0:19:49 > 0:19:51like a sponge.
0:19:51 > 0:19:56These rocks, filled with oil, are deep under the sea,
0:19:56 > 0:19:58or are in the ground under our feet.
0:19:58 > 0:20:03Big machines drill down to where the oil is and take it out.
0:20:03 > 0:20:07Oil is really useful for all sorts of things.
0:20:07 > 0:20:08It goes to a factory,
0:20:08 > 0:20:12where it's made into all sorts of stuff,
0:20:12 > 0:20:15including petrol for cars, the chemicals which make plastics,
0:20:15 > 0:20:17and the main ingredient for crayons
0:20:17 > 0:20:20which is called paraffin wax.
0:20:20 > 0:20:23Do you want to find out what happens to the wax next,
0:20:23 > 0:20:26to make it into different-coloured crayons?
0:20:26 > 0:20:27Yes, please!
0:20:27 > 0:20:30OK, then, off you go!
0:20:34 > 0:20:38Liam runs the only children's crayon factory in the UK.
0:20:38 > 0:20:41They can make all your favourite colours.
0:20:41 > 0:20:45He'll tell you where it all starts.
0:20:45 > 0:20:48Wax is the main ingredient we use to make crayons.
0:20:48 > 0:20:53It arrives in small flakes, so it's easier to heat up and melt.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58It feels a bit hard and squishy.
0:20:58 > 0:21:01That's right, but the wax is too hard to write on paper,
0:21:01 > 0:21:03so we add a chemical,
0:21:03 > 0:21:07which makes the wax softer, so it can draw on paper.
0:21:07 > 0:21:10It's very soft.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12Next, we put the two ingredients in this big pot,
0:21:12 > 0:21:15which heats and melts it into a liquid, like ice cream in the sun.
0:21:15 > 0:21:20It heats it up 120 degrees, which is hotter than a boiling kettle.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23Wow, that sounds really hot.
0:21:23 > 0:21:26When the wax gets that hot, it melts into a liquid
0:21:26 > 0:21:29that can be poured into a bucket ready for what happens next.
0:21:37 > 0:21:40Why is the wax really watery?
0:21:40 > 0:21:43It does look like water, doesn't it?
0:21:43 > 0:21:47The wax becomes clear when it melts, so it looks just like water.
0:21:51 > 0:21:53Now the wax is ready, we need to add some colour.
0:21:53 > 0:21:57But it's difficult to add colour to wax so we need to force it together.
0:21:57 > 0:22:00Would you like to see? BOTH: Yes, please.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10So, here are the colours. They are incredibly strong.
0:22:10 > 0:22:12If you touched the powder,
0:22:12 > 0:22:15you wouldn't be able to wash it off for a long time.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18And these are the four main colours we use -
0:22:18 > 0:22:20red, blue, green and yellow.
0:22:20 > 0:22:22Where do those colours come from?
0:22:22 > 0:22:26For thousands of years, colours came from plants and animals.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29Red used to come from crushed spiders,
0:22:29 > 0:22:32yellow comes from plants and animal wee,
0:22:32 > 0:22:35and blue comes from the indigo plant.
0:22:35 > 0:22:38But today, we use chemicals to make our colours.
0:22:38 > 0:22:42That's right, the chemicals can make all sorts of colours,
0:22:42 > 0:22:45but they don't mix well with wax.
0:22:45 > 0:22:49So, the next thing to do is to make the colour ready to add to the wax.
0:22:51 > 0:22:57A little bit of hot wax and colour are mixed,
0:22:57 > 0:23:04and put through a machine which squeezes them together.
0:23:04 > 0:23:10And out comes blue colour ready to add to the wax to make crayons.
0:23:10 > 0:23:15- The colour is still warm, careful when you touch it!- Ah-ah-ah!
0:23:15 > 0:23:20- Smell it, Martin.- Ewwww.- Smells like paint.
0:23:21 > 0:23:26The colour cools down and becomes hard, ready to make crayons.
0:23:26 > 0:23:31This is where the colour is added to the hot wax.
0:23:32 > 0:23:35Andrew is making green crayons.
0:23:38 > 0:23:41What is the white stuff for?
0:23:41 > 0:23:45We add the white powder to the crayons to keep them strong,
0:23:45 > 0:23:47otherwise, when you write with them, they would break.
0:23:47 > 0:23:52The white powder is another chemical added to the crayon mixture.
0:23:54 > 0:23:58The colour has now melted into the wax
0:23:58 > 0:24:00to make a lot of green crayon mixture.
0:24:00 > 0:24:02Next the crayons are made.
0:24:02 > 0:24:05Next, we pour the wax on, and it sinks into the little holes,
0:24:05 > 0:24:07Can you see the holes? BOTH: Yes.
0:24:07 > 0:24:09Well, each of the holes makes a crayon.
0:24:09 > 0:24:13The hot wax pours down into each hole to make a crayon.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15Now this is the clever bit -
0:24:15 > 0:24:18we circulate cold water around each crayon
0:24:18 > 0:24:21to make sure it cools at just the right temperature.
0:24:21 > 0:24:23If it cools too quickly,
0:24:23 > 0:24:25we end up with a very bumpy crayon,
0:24:25 > 0:24:27and they break easily.
0:24:27 > 0:24:31The cold water inside the machine cools each crayon
0:24:31 > 0:24:32in just the right way.
0:24:42 > 0:24:44After a couple of minutes
0:24:44 > 0:24:46the liquid wax has cooled into a solid crayon
0:24:46 > 0:24:48and we scrape the rest of the wax off.
0:24:56 > 0:24:59That wax goes back in the pot to be used again and again.
0:25:03 > 0:25:06But where are the crayons?
0:25:06 > 0:25:09If you go and pull that lever next to Andrew, you'll see.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28Wow, that's clever!
0:25:28 > 0:25:31Let's find out what happens next.
0:25:31 > 0:25:35The last part of the process is one of the hardest,
0:25:35 > 0:25:38and that's picking up all the crayons without dropping any.
0:25:43 > 0:25:46Now, that may look easy, but, Hari, why don't you give it a try?
0:25:52 > 0:25:55Oh, dear, Hari. It isn't as easy as it looks.
0:25:55 > 0:25:59Next the crayons are labelled.
0:26:07 > 0:26:11Can you see how the labelling machine works?
0:26:11 > 0:26:13The crayons all line up ready.
0:26:13 > 0:26:14The labels are made sticky with glue
0:26:14 > 0:26:19and are stuck on, one crayon at a time.
0:26:19 > 0:26:23And out roll the crayons ready to go into boxes!
0:26:26 > 0:26:29So, Martin, pick three colours that you'd like
0:26:29 > 0:26:31in your own box of crayons.
0:26:32 > 0:26:38Green, blue and yellow.
0:26:40 > 0:26:43- Thank you. Hari, would you like to choose three?- Yes.
0:26:45 > 0:26:50Green, blue and yellow.
0:26:50 > 0:26:52Thank you.
0:26:52 > 0:26:54So, now you each have your own pack of crayons
0:26:54 > 0:26:56to take back and show Curious Cat.
0:26:56 > 0:26:59- Cool!- That's great!
0:27:01 > 0:27:04So, children, how was the crayon factory?
0:27:04 > 0:27:06It was great and fun.
0:27:06 > 0:27:08We got our own box of crayons!
0:27:08 > 0:27:11Brilliant! And what did you learn?
0:27:11 > 0:27:14The crayons are made out of wax
0:27:14 > 0:27:17and another thing to make it soft enough to draw on paper.
0:27:17 > 0:27:20The mixture is heated up really hot
0:27:20 > 0:27:24and it becomes a runny liquid like water.
0:27:24 > 0:27:26Next, the colours are added.
0:27:26 > 0:27:28They don't mix well with wax,
0:27:28 > 0:27:31so they are forced together in a special machine.
0:27:31 > 0:27:37The colour block is added with something to make the crayons hard.
0:27:37 > 0:27:39The mould is cooled with water.
0:27:39 > 0:27:43The extra wax is scraped off
0:27:43 > 0:27:44and used again.
0:27:44 > 0:27:47The crayons come up out of the mould,
0:27:47 > 0:27:49and then they are put in boxes.
0:27:49 > 0:27:54They are labelled and loads of bright colours go in each box.
0:27:54 > 0:27:55That sounds great!
0:27:55 > 0:27:57Now you can draw lots more pictures with your crayons.
0:27:57 > 0:27:59Time to say goodbye.
0:27:59 > 0:28:02BOTH: Bye-bye, Curious Cat.
0:28:02 > 0:28:05Goodbye, children.
0:28:25 > 0:28:30Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd