0:00:16 > 0:00:19Will you go see the order of the course?
0:00:19 > 0:00:21Not I.
0:00:21 > 0:00:22I pray you do.
0:00:22 > 0:00:27I am not gamesome, I do lack some part of that quick spirit that is in Antony,
0:00:27 > 0:00:31let me not hinder, Cassius, your desires so I will leave you.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33Brutus.
0:00:33 > 0:00:37I do observe you now late, I have not from your eyes that
0:00:37 > 0:00:40gentleness and show of love as I was wont to have.
0:00:40 > 0:00:46You bear too stubborn and too strange a hand over your friend that loves you.
0:00:46 > 0:00:49Cassius, be not deceived, if I had veiled my look
0:00:49 > 0:00:53I turn the trouble of my countenance merely upon myself,
0:00:53 > 0:01:00vexed I am of late with passions of some difference, conceptions
0:01:00 > 0:01:05only proper to myself which gives some soil perhaps to my behaviours.
0:01:06 > 0:01:08But let not therefore my good friends be grieved
0:01:08 > 0:01:11among which number, Cassius, be you one.
0:01:11 > 0:01:16Nor construe any further my neglect than that poor Brutus
0:01:16 > 0:01:20with himself at war forgets the shows of love to other men.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25Then Brutus have I much mistook your passion.
0:01:25 > 0:01:32By means whereof this breast of mine hath buried thoughts of great value
0:01:32 > 0:01:40worthy cogitations. Tell me, good Brutus, can you see your face?
0:01:41 > 0:01:48No, Cassius, for the eye sees not itself
0:01:48 > 0:01:53but by reflection by some other things.
0:01:53 > 0:01:55'Tis just.
0:01:55 > 0:02:00And it is very much lamented, Brutus, that you have no such
0:02:00 > 0:02:03mirrors as will turn your hidden worthiness into your eye
0:02:03 > 0:02:04that you may see your shadow.
0:02:05 > 0:02:08I have heard where many of the best respect in Rome
0:02:08 > 0:02:13except in mortal Caesar speaking of Brutus and groaning underneath
0:02:13 > 0:02:19this age's yoke have wished that noble Brutus had his eyes.
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Into what danger house would you lead me, Cassius, that you
0:02:22 > 0:02:25would have me seek into myself for that which is not in me?
0:02:25 > 0:02:29Therefore, good Brutus, be prepared to hear
0:02:29 > 0:02:32and since you know you cannot see yourself
0:02:32 > 0:02:37so well as by reflection I your glass will modestly discover
0:02:37 > 0:02:41to yourself, that of yourself which you yet know not of.
0:02:41 > 0:02:42DISTANT CHEERING
0:02:42 > 0:02:45What means the shouting?
0:02:45 > 0:02:48I do fear the people choose Caesar for their king.
0:02:48 > 0:02:53Ay, do you fear it, then must I think you would not have it so.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02I would not, Cassius. Yet I love him well.
0:03:05 > 0:03:07But wherefore do you hold me here so long,
0:03:07 > 0:03:09what is it that you would impart to me,
0:03:09 > 0:03:14if it be aught towards the general good, set honour in one eye
0:03:14 > 0:03:19and death in the other, then I will look on both indifferently
0:03:19 > 0:03:24for let the god so speed me as I love the name of honour
0:03:24 > 0:03:27more than I fear death.
0:03:27 > 0:03:31I know that virtue to be in you, Brutus, as well as I do
0:03:31 > 0:03:33know your outward favour.
0:03:33 > 0:03:39Well, honour is the subject of my story.
0:03:41 > 0:03:44I cannot tell what you and other men think of this life
0:03:44 > 0:03:48but for my single self I had as lief not be
0:03:48 > 0:03:51as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself.
0:03:54 > 0:03:58I was born free as Caesar, so were you.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01We both have fared as well
0:04:01 > 0:04:04and we can both endure the winter's cold as well as he.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07For once upon a raw and gusty day
0:04:07 > 0:04:12the troubled Tiber chaffing with her shores
0:04:12 > 0:04:14Caesar said to me, "Darest thou, Cassius
0:04:14 > 0:04:17"now leap in with me into this angry flood."
0:04:17 > 0:04:23Upon the word, accoutred as I was I plunged in and begged him follow.
0:04:23 > 0:04:28So indeed he did. And the torrent roared and we did buffet it
0:04:28 > 0:04:33with lusty sinews, throwing it aside and stemming it with hearts of controversy.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37But ere we could arrive the point proposed,
0:04:37 > 0:04:42Caesar cried, "Help me, Cassius, or I sink"
0:04:42 > 0:04:49And this man has now become a god and Cassius is a wretched creature
0:04:49 > 0:04:54and must bend his body if Caesar carelessly but nod on him.
0:04:54 > 0:04:59He had a fever when he was in Spain and when the fit was on him,
0:04:59 > 0:05:01I did mark how he did shake.
0:05:01 > 0:05:04'Tis true this god did shake, his coward lips
0:05:04 > 0:05:08from the colour fly and that same eye whose bend of all the world
0:05:08 > 0:05:11did lose his lustre. I did hear him groan, ay,
0:05:11 > 0:05:13and that tongue of his
0:05:13 > 0:05:18that begged the Romans mark him and write his speeches in their books,
0:05:18 > 0:05:21alas it cried, "Give me some drink,"
0:05:21 > 0:05:26as a sick girl. Ye gods, it doth amaze me.
0:05:26 > 0:05:27A man of such a feeble temper should
0:05:27 > 0:05:31so get the start of the majestic one and bear the palm alone.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34DISTANT CHEERING
0:05:34 > 0:05:37Another general shout.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43I do believe these applauses are for some new honours
0:05:43 > 0:05:46- that are heaped on Caesar. - Why man,
0:05:46 > 0:05:49he does bestride the narrow world like a Colossus
0:05:49 > 0:05:52and we petty men walk under his huge legs
0:05:52 > 0:05:57and peep about to find ourselves dishonourable graves.
0:05:59 > 0:06:03Men, at some times are masters of their fates.
0:06:05 > 0:06:06The fault, dear Brutus,
0:06:06 > 0:06:10is not in our stars but in ourselves that we are underlings.
0:06:13 > 0:06:17Brutus and Caesar, what should be in that Caesar,
0:06:17 > 0:06:21why should that name be sounded more than yours? Write them together
0:06:21 > 0:06:27it is as fair a name, sound them, it doth become the mouth as well.
0:06:27 > 0:06:31Weigh them. It is as heavy, come jump with them.
0:06:31 > 0:06:33Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Caesar.
0:06:33 > 0:06:35Now in the name of all the gods at once, upon what meat
0:06:35 > 0:06:37doth Caesar feed that he has grown so great?
0:06:40 > 0:06:47Age thou art shamed. Rome, thou has lost the breed of noble bloods.
0:06:49 > 0:06:52When went there by an age since the great flood
0:06:52 > 0:06:54but it was famed with more than with one man.
0:06:54 > 0:06:58And could they say till now they talked of Rome that her wide walls
0:06:58 > 0:07:00encompassed but one man?
0:07:00 > 0:07:03Now is it Rome indeed
0:07:03 > 0:07:07and Rome enough when there is in it but one only man.
0:07:07 > 0:07:10But you do love me I am nothing jealous,
0:07:10 > 0:07:14what you would work me to I have some aim.
0:07:14 > 0:07:15How I have thought of this
0:07:15 > 0:07:20and of these times I shall recount hereafter for this present
0:07:20 > 0:07:25I would not so with love I might entreat you be in further moved.
0:07:35 > 0:07:39Shakespeare's written quite a poignant story of two men who
0:07:39 > 0:07:43although they are very different emotionally,
0:07:43 > 0:07:48one keeps his emotions or tries to keep his emotions in control,
0:07:48 > 0:07:52Brutus, and another who wears his heart on his sleeve.
0:07:52 > 0:07:55I think the two of them complement each other really well.
0:07:58 > 0:08:00Good Brutus, be prepared to hear,
0:08:00 > 0:08:04and since you know you cannot see yourself so well
0:08:04 > 0:08:09as by reflection I, your glass, will modestly
0:08:09 > 0:08:15discover to yourself that of yourself which you yet know not of.
0:08:15 > 0:08:19Cassius has shared the dream of the republic with Caesar
0:08:19 > 0:08:21and has witnessed him
0:08:21 > 0:08:25running ahead of the pack and taking power for himself
0:08:25 > 0:08:26and he feels very strongly
0:08:26 > 0:08:28that something needs to be done about that.
0:08:28 > 0:08:31Because Cassius is the main driving force of the scene,
0:08:31 > 0:08:37I would like to see you use that to really press Brutus.
0:08:38 > 0:08:41Charm, will you go see the order of the course.
0:08:41 > 0:08:43Block, not I,
0:08:45 > 0:08:47Warm, I pray you do.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51Avoid, I am not gamesome.
0:08:51 > 0:08:55Brutus tries to remove himself from the situation as quickly as possible.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59- Run. I will leave you. - Brutus.
0:08:59 > 0:09:06Cassius then somewhat uses emotional blackmail to coax him back in.
0:09:06 > 0:09:11Accuse, I have not from your eyes that gentleness
0:09:11 > 0:09:13and show of love as I was wont to have.
0:09:16 > 0:09:18Pin, you bear too stubborn
0:09:18 > 0:09:24and too strange a hand over your friend. Embrace, that loves you.
0:09:24 > 0:09:27What is great about it is because you are reacting
0:09:27 > 0:09:31almost from each thing that comes at you.
0:09:31 > 0:09:32Yeah.
0:09:32 > 0:09:35In detail as opposed to as I just hear the splurge of you
0:09:35 > 0:09:38trying to make me feel guilty basically.
0:09:38 > 0:09:41Because it then becomes very specific,
0:09:41 > 0:09:46if you find that to cajole doesn't quite get what you wanted
0:09:46 > 0:09:52out of the sentence, you know, you entice.
0:09:52 > 0:09:57Cassius says these are the reasons why he must die, this, this,
0:09:57 > 0:09:59this and this, he is a dictator.
0:10:01 > 0:10:03- So why don't we go for Brutus' pride.- Shall we do it?
0:10:03 > 0:10:06Yeah, let's have a go.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10Wherefore do you hold me here so long? What is it that you would impart to me?
0:10:10 > 0:10:15If it be aught toward the general good,
0:10:15 > 0:10:18set honour in one eye and death in the other
0:10:18 > 0:10:20and I will look on both indifferently.
0:10:20 > 0:10:25What was curious about that is how much pride
0:10:25 > 0:10:29'I could get and actually it's still there when I play it,
0:10:29 > 0:10:31'there was always a touch of it,'
0:10:31 > 0:10:36but it was really like in the background and now I touch it,
0:10:36 > 0:10:38I really make it hit me.
0:10:38 > 0:10:40For let the gods so speed me
0:10:40 > 0:10:46as I love the name of honour more than I fear death.
0:10:46 > 0:10:48I know that virtue to be in you
0:10:48 > 0:10:51as well as I do know your outward favour.
0:10:51 > 0:10:55Well, honour is the subject of my story.
0:10:55 > 0:11:00The thing that Roman men had to do in their lives
0:11:00 > 0:11:03was to die with a noble name,
0:11:03 > 0:11:07with an honourable name to do something, to make a mark.
0:11:07 > 0:11:14Now, you needed to be ambitious but you needed not to be ambitious, to be seen to be ambitious for yourself.
0:11:14 > 0:11:17It had to be for the republic.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21But you try and separate - I'm going to do this for the republic
0:11:21 > 0:11:26and I am doing this for my own glory from a human being... Impossible.
0:11:26 > 0:11:31I love the name of honour more than I fear death.
0:11:34 > 0:11:41Cassius has shared the dream of the republic with Caesar
0:11:41 > 0:11:45and has witnessed him taking power for himself
0:11:45 > 0:11:50and he feels very strongly that something needs to be done about that.
0:11:50 > 0:11:56And he starts setting up a plan of action to rid Rome of this tyrant.
0:11:56 > 0:12:00So the main emphasis of this particular exercise
0:12:00 > 0:12:03is to find those moments where it feels as if Cassius' words
0:12:03 > 0:12:06are striking a chord with Brutus and...
0:12:06 > 0:12:08We're sitting on the chairs and then moving around...
0:12:08 > 0:12:13Yeah, so you start sat opposite each other and then furthest away
0:12:13 > 0:12:18and then slowly see how the scene brings you closer or kind of...
0:12:18 > 0:12:20Am I allowed to leave the room when he repels me?
0:12:20 > 0:12:22HE LAUGHS
0:12:24 > 0:12:27Will you go see the order of the course?
0:12:27 > 0:12:29Not I.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37- I pray you do. - I am not gamesome.
0:12:37 > 0:12:41I do lack some part of that quick spirit that is in Anthony.
0:12:41 > 0:12:43Let me not hinder, Cassius, your desires, I will leave you.
0:12:43 > 0:12:45Brutus.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49One character is clearly trying to do something to the other character,
0:12:49 > 0:12:53so Cassius was trying to get close enough to Brutus
0:12:53 > 0:12:57trying to align him towards this issue,
0:12:57 > 0:13:00how Julius Caesar should be dealt with.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03Cassius says, "I have not from your eyes that gentleness
0:13:03 > 0:13:07"and show of love as I was wont to have," as I used to have.
0:13:07 > 0:13:13To which Brutus says, "Cassius, no, don't be, don't be deceived,
0:13:13 > 0:13:17"that's not what's happening, what's happening is that I am not as friendly as I was
0:13:17 > 0:13:18"because I've got stuff going on."
0:13:18 > 0:13:23Vexed I am of late with passions of some difference,
0:13:23 > 0:13:25conceptions only proper to myself
0:13:25 > 0:13:28which gives some soil perhaps to my behaviour,
0:13:28 > 0:13:32but not therefore my good friends be grieved,
0:13:32 > 0:13:35among which number, Cassius, be you one.
0:13:35 > 0:13:40In our production, we've used the charm and the mimicry
0:13:40 > 0:13:44and the togetherness of a sheer bond of school.
0:13:44 > 0:13:46HE SINGS: For the eye sees not itself...
0:13:46 > 0:13:51BOTH: But by reflection, by some other things.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53It is just.
0:13:53 > 0:13:56In rehearsals, I started sort of sing-songing it
0:13:56 > 0:13:58and then Cyril joined in and I thought it was brilliant,
0:13:58 > 0:14:01because then it shows that we were probably at school together
0:14:01 > 0:14:03and that teacher that we remember,
0:14:03 > 0:14:06he give us those philosophical quotes by rote,
0:14:06 > 0:14:08so that's how that came about.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14We don't really know why Cassius is talking in these couched terms
0:14:14 > 0:14:17about there are many of the best respect in Rome
0:14:17 > 0:14:20who think that you are a pretty cool guy
0:14:20 > 0:14:23and that you should think more of yourself than you do.
0:14:23 > 0:14:27So we're all going... He's not saying anything, he's not being overt.
0:14:27 > 0:14:31And then you get to the nitty gritty of the word Brutus and Caesar,
0:14:31 > 0:14:33what's the difference between these two names.
0:14:35 > 0:14:40Write them together, it is as fair a name.
0:14:40 > 0:14:45Sound them, it doth become the mouth as well.
0:14:45 > 0:14:49Weigh them, it is as heavy.
0:14:49 > 0:14:51Conjure with them.
0:14:53 > 0:14:57Brutus will start a spirit as soon as Caesar.
0:14:57 > 0:15:02And then, Brutus gives away that he fears
0:15:02 > 0:15:07that honours are going to be heaped on Caesar,
0:15:07 > 0:15:11this is what the crowd is shouting about.
0:15:11 > 0:15:13What means the shouting?
0:15:13 > 0:15:16I do fear the people choose Caesar for their king.
0:15:16 > 0:15:18Aye, do you fear it?
0:15:18 > 0:15:21Then must I think you would not have it so.
0:15:23 > 0:15:25I would not, Cassius.
0:15:26 > 0:15:29Right, then I know I am safe to go ahead.
0:15:29 > 0:15:34Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world like a Colossus,
0:15:34 > 0:15:37and we, petty men, walk under his huge legs
0:15:37 > 0:15:42and peep about to find ourselves...
0:15:42 > 0:15:43dishonourable graves?
0:15:48 > 0:15:54And then, at the end of the scene, Cassius begins to touch on Rome,
0:15:54 > 0:16:00what Rome was, what Rome has become, who Romans are
0:16:00 > 0:16:06and he says something to Brutus that completely changes Brutus' focus.
0:16:06 > 0:16:09Now, is it Rome indeed and Rome enough,
0:16:09 > 0:16:11when there is in it but one only man.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14'There can't be one only man in Rome.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16'That's all we need to hear,'
0:16:16 > 0:16:20Brutus is on side and he's on side because he is a Roman
0:16:20 > 0:16:22and he's going to show himself to be a Roman.
0:16:28 > 0:16:32What would be really nice, a really simple exercise
0:16:32 > 0:16:34looking at the Colossus speech,
0:16:34 > 0:16:36"Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world?"
0:16:36 > 0:16:38And using this post-it
0:16:38 > 0:16:44to try and pinpoint where the key points and ideas of that speech are.
0:16:44 > 0:16:48Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world...
0:16:51 > 0:16:54..like a Colossus,
0:16:54 > 0:16:57and we, petty men,
0:16:57 > 0:17:01walk under his huge legs
0:17:01 > 0:17:05and peep about to find ourselves...
0:17:07 > 0:17:09..dishonourable graves?
0:17:11 > 0:17:13In there,
0:17:13 > 0:17:14for me the most important thing
0:17:14 > 0:17:17is the dishonourable graves.
0:17:17 > 0:17:18- Yeah.- And, you know,
0:17:18 > 0:17:24petty men...peep about words
0:17:24 > 0:17:26that I've heard
0:17:26 > 0:17:29and affect me but not as strongly as that.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32When somebody is going, "You are just a coward."
0:17:32 > 0:17:35- Yeah.- It's very different to say "You're a coward," it passes you by.
0:17:35 > 0:17:36You might react to it,
0:17:36 > 0:17:39but not in the same way as if somebody pointedly gives that to you.
0:17:39 > 0:17:44- So that's a good exercise, we're just lifting up words and what they're doing to you.- Yeah.
0:17:44 > 0:17:45When we do that exercise,
0:17:45 > 0:17:49you realise how many attacking words that there are,
0:17:49 > 0:17:52emotional words that there are within Cassius' speech to Brutus.
0:17:52 > 0:17:59Men at some time are masters of their fates.
0:17:59 > 0:18:02The fault,
0:18:02 > 0:18:04dear Brutus,
0:18:04 > 0:18:08is not in our stars,
0:18:08 > 0:18:11but in ourselves,
0:18:11 > 0:18:14that we are underlings.
0:18:14 > 0:18:17It forces you to listen they kind of have to make sure
0:18:17 > 0:18:21that they are always listening to what they're saying,
0:18:21 > 0:18:25but then also what's being said to them and how, how that affects them.
0:18:25 > 0:18:29There is a kind of pressure cooker that you put on me,
0:18:29 > 0:18:32I feel it already when we work on it.
0:18:32 > 0:18:34It's that at the beginning it's all about Caesar
0:18:34 > 0:18:37and then, suddenly, you start being really specific
0:18:37 > 0:18:40about you're not being a Brutus.
0:18:40 > 0:18:41It touches on his pride,
0:18:41 > 0:18:44the fact that his family were the ones who drove out people,
0:18:44 > 0:18:49who wanted to be kings, and here he is, a nobody.
0:18:49 > 0:18:51Probably going to die in a dishonourable grave,
0:18:51 > 0:18:54as Cassius has only just put in his head.
0:18:54 > 0:18:57Then you get to the nitty gritty of the word Brutus and Caesar,
0:18:57 > 0:18:59what's the difference between these two things?
0:18:59 > 0:19:03If I weigh them, to weigh these two names,
0:19:03 > 0:19:06if I conjure with them, starting spirits,
0:19:06 > 0:19:10all these things that are about rousing and getting up and getting at
0:19:10 > 0:19:14and why is he choosing that word instead of another word which is maybe, might have been weaker?
0:19:14 > 0:19:18In a way, hopefully, Cyril's gone away thinking,
0:19:18 > 0:19:21"Right I can, I can use that speech a bit more,
0:19:21 > 0:19:27"I can, I can definitely pinpoint certain words and ideas
0:19:27 > 0:19:31"that I can use to really stir up an emotion."
0:19:31 > 0:19:32That talked of Rome...
0:19:34 > 0:19:37..that her wide walls encompassed
0:19:37 > 0:19:39but one...
0:19:42 > 0:19:44..man.
0:19:44 > 0:19:46I don't know how he does it,
0:19:46 > 0:19:49but the sort of secret way in which Shakespeare gets to,
0:19:49 > 0:19:54gets under us and gets under our skin with a sort of... We're bombarded with words,
0:19:54 > 0:19:58but, at the same time, there is only one or two of them that are really going to fire us up,
0:19:58 > 0:20:01but Shakespeare keeps on at us in that way
0:20:01 > 0:20:06and keeps on at Brutus in that way, to get him, to goad him to action.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16ALL: Oh, Caesar!
0:20:16 > 0:20:18What is now amiss?
0:20:18 > 0:20:23Most high, most mighty, and most puissant Caesar,
0:20:23 > 0:20:27Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat an humble heart.
0:20:27 > 0:20:30I must prevent thee, Cimber,
0:20:30 > 0:20:34these couchings and these lowly cadencies
0:20:34 > 0:20:37might fire the blood of ordinary men
0:20:37 > 0:20:43and turn preordinance and first decree into the law of children.
0:20:43 > 0:20:48Be not fond to think that Caesar bares such rebel blood
0:20:48 > 0:20:51that will be thawed from the true quality
0:20:51 > 0:20:54with that which melteth fools.
0:20:54 > 0:20:59I mean, sweet words, low-crooked curtseys
0:20:59 > 0:21:02and base spaniel-fawning.
0:21:02 > 0:21:06Thy brother by decree is banished,
0:21:06 > 0:21:10if thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him,
0:21:10 > 0:21:15I spurn thee like a cur out of my way.
0:21:16 > 0:21:19Know, Caesar doth not wrong,
0:21:19 > 0:21:22nor without cause will he be satisfied.
0:21:22 > 0:21:25Is there no voice more worthy than my own to sound more sweetly
0:21:25 > 0:21:30in great Caesar's ear for the repealing of my banished brother?
0:21:30 > 0:21:33I kiss thy hand...
0:21:35 > 0:21:37..but not in flattery, Caesar,
0:21:37 > 0:21:43desiring thee that Publius Cimber may have an immediate freedom of repeal.
0:21:43 > 0:21:44What, Brutus!
0:21:44 > 0:21:47Pardon, Caesar. Caesar, pardon.
0:21:47 > 0:21:49As low as to thy foot doth Cassius fall
0:21:49 > 0:21:52to beg enfranchisement for Publius Cimber.
0:21:52 > 0:21:57I could be well moved, if I were as you.
0:21:58 > 0:22:04If I could pray to move, prayers would move me,
0:22:04 > 0:22:08but I am constant as the Northern Star,
0:22:08 > 0:22:11of whose true fixed and resting quality
0:22:11 > 0:22:14there is no fellow in the firmament.
0:22:14 > 0:22:18The skies are painted with unnumbered sparks,
0:22:18 > 0:22:22they are all fire and every one doth shine,
0:22:22 > 0:22:27but there is but one in all doth hold his place.
0:22:27 > 0:22:32So in the world, it is furnished well with men,
0:22:32 > 0:22:37and men are flesh and blood and apprehensive.
0:22:37 > 0:22:41Yet, in the number I do know but one
0:22:41 > 0:22:44that unassailable hold on his rank,
0:22:44 > 0:22:48unshaked of motion,
0:22:48 > 0:22:50and that I am he.
0:22:50 > 0:22:54Let me a little show it, even in this,
0:22:54 > 0:22:58that I was constant Cimber should be banished,
0:22:58 > 0:23:01and constant do remain to keep him so.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03- Oh, Caesar! - Hence! Wilt thou lift up Olympus?
0:23:03 > 0:23:05Great Caesar...
0:23:05 > 0:23:09- Doth not Brutus bootless kneel? - Speak, hands for me!
0:23:09 > 0:23:12HE SCREAMS
0:23:21 > 0:23:24Et tu, Brute!
0:23:28 > 0:23:30Then fall, Caesar.
0:23:31 > 0:23:35THEY SCREAM
0:23:42 > 0:23:46SCREAMS
0:23:52 > 0:23:54SCREAMS
0:24:08 > 0:24:12Liberty! Freedom!
0:24:12 > 0:24:16Tyranny is dead! Run hence, proclaim, cry it about the streets.
0:24:16 > 0:24:20Some to the common pulpits and cry out,
0:24:20 > 0:24:24"Liberty, freedom, enfranchisement!"
0:24:24 > 0:24:27People and senators, be not affrighted.
0:24:27 > 0:24:29Fly not, stand stiff,
0:24:29 > 0:24:32ambition's debt is paid.
0:24:32 > 0:24:33Go to the pulpit, Brutus!
0:24:33 > 0:24:36- And Cassius too. - Where's Lepidus?
0:24:36 > 0:24:39Here, quite confounded with this mutiny.
0:24:39 > 0:24:42Stand fast together, lest some friend of Caesar's...
0:24:42 > 0:24:44Talk not of standing, Lepidus, good cheer,
0:24:44 > 0:24:47there is no harm intended to your person.
0:24:47 > 0:24:50Nor to no Roman else, so tell them, Lepidus.
0:24:50 > 0:24:51And leave us, Lepidus,
0:24:51 > 0:24:55lest that the people, rushing on us, should do your age some mischief.
0:24:55 > 0:24:58Do so, and let no man abide this deed,
0:24:58 > 0:25:00but we, the doers.
0:25:00 > 0:25:02Where is Anthony?
0:25:02 > 0:25:03Fled to his house amazed -
0:25:03 > 0:25:07men, wives, children stare, cry out and run as it were doomsday.
0:25:07 > 0:25:10Fates, we will know your pleasures -
0:25:10 > 0:25:14that we shall die, we know, tis but the time
0:25:14 > 0:25:16and drawing days out, that men stand upon.
0:25:16 > 0:25:19Why he who cuts off twenty years of life
0:25:19 > 0:25:23cuts off so many years of fearing death?
0:25:26 > 0:25:28Stoop.
0:25:28 > 0:25:33Romans, stoop,
0:25:33 > 0:25:36and let us bathe our hands in Caesar's blood.
0:25:39 > 0:25:42Up to the elbows,
0:25:42 > 0:25:46and besmear our swords.
0:25:46 > 0:25:49Then walk away forth,
0:25:49 > 0:25:51even to the market place
0:25:51 > 0:25:56and, waving our red weapons over our heads,
0:25:56 > 0:26:00let's all cry, "Peace...
0:26:03 > 0:26:08"..Freedom and liberty!"
0:26:08 > 0:26:10HE LAUGHS
0:26:10 > 0:26:12Stoop, then, and wash.
0:26:16 > 0:26:22How many ages hence shall this our lofty scene be acted over
0:26:22 > 0:26:27in states unborn and accents yet unknown!
0:26:27 > 0:26:33How many times shall Caesar bleed in sport that now lies here,
0:26:33 > 0:26:35no worthier than the dust.
0:26:35 > 0:26:38So oft as that shall be,
0:26:38 > 0:26:41so often shall the knot of us be called...
0:26:43 > 0:26:48..the men that gave their country liberty.
0:26:56 > 0:26:59Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat an humble heart.
0:26:59 > 0:27:03I must prevent thee, Cimber...
0:27:03 > 0:27:08'Historically, Caesar was killed, so Shakespeare had to show Caesar'
0:27:08 > 0:27:12in a, an unsavoury light, didn't he?
0:27:12 > 0:27:16He had to show him as a kind of tyrant,
0:27:16 > 0:27:20as a sort of dictator in order for the audience to feel,
0:27:20 > 0:27:24"Yeah, they are justified in killing him if he's going to talk to people like that."
0:27:24 > 0:27:26'Shakespeare set that up wonderfully.'
0:27:26 > 0:27:29Thy brother by decree is banished.
0:27:29 > 0:27:33If thou dost bend and pray and fawn for him,
0:27:33 > 0:27:36I spurn thee like a cur out of my way.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39Know, Caesar doth not wrong,
0:27:39 > 0:27:42nor without cause will he be satisfied.
0:27:42 > 0:27:45'They are all pleading and there is Brutus even'
0:27:45 > 0:27:50who is the most respected man and well-loved by Caesar.
0:27:50 > 0:27:55I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery, Caesar,
0:27:55 > 0:28:00desiring thee that Publius Cimber may have an immediate freedom of repeal.
0:28:00 > 0:28:03What, Brutus!
0:28:03 > 0:28:06I think the reason
0:28:06 > 0:28:11that they are doing this for me is simply to facilitate his death, simply to hold him here.
0:28:11 > 0:28:14The fact is that he then says, "Without cause, I won't be satisfied,"
0:28:14 > 0:28:18and is about to leave, that's when people have to come in and stop him.
0:28:18 > 0:28:22Most mighty and most puissant Caesar...
0:28:22 > 0:28:25I kiss thy hand, but not in flattery.
0:28:25 > 0:28:28As low as to thy foot doth Cassius fall
0:28:28 > 0:28:32to beg enfranchisement for Publius Cimber.
0:28:32 > 0:28:36What seems to be happening is everything that is played out
0:28:36 > 0:28:38is played out quite publicly.
0:28:38 > 0:28:46What if we made the appeal by Cimber a private encounter?
0:28:46 > 0:28:48Shall we have a go at that?
0:28:48 > 0:28:50- OK.- Great.
0:28:50 > 0:28:54Mighty and most puissant Caesar.
0:28:58 > 0:29:02Metellus Cimber throws before thy seat an humble heart.
0:29:02 > 0:29:04I must prevent thee, Cimber,
0:29:04 > 0:29:09these couchings and these lowly courtesies
0:29:09 > 0:29:13might fire the blood of ordinary men
0:29:13 > 0:29:19and turn preordinance and first decree into the law of children.
0:29:19 > 0:29:25Be not fond to think that Caesar bears such rebel blood
0:29:25 > 0:29:29that will be thawed from the true quality
0:29:29 > 0:29:33with that which melteth fools.
0:29:33 > 0:29:40I mean, sweet words, low-crooked courtesies.
0:29:40 > 0:29:46I felt that you could really see the reasonable nature of Caesar.
0:29:46 > 0:29:51What I felt was if Metellus had another something else to add
0:29:51 > 0:29:53because Shakespeare doesn't give him,
0:29:53 > 0:29:55perhaps Caesar could have changed his mind.
0:29:55 > 0:30:00But then, there is no conspiracy, there's no reason for killing him.
0:30:00 > 0:30:02It's not working at first because
0:30:02 > 0:30:04Caesar is being reasonable in saying to him,
0:30:04 > 0:30:08"I'm not just going to change the law cos you're begging me."
0:30:08 > 0:30:11So that what we need is to fire him up, which we do
0:30:11 > 0:30:15by Cassius coming and going even lower than Cimber.
0:30:15 > 0:30:18As low as to thy boot thou Cassius fall
0:30:18 > 0:30:21to beg enfranchisement for Publius Cimber.
0:30:21 > 0:30:25Which makes Caesar go, "This is ridiculous."
0:30:25 > 0:30:29And that's really disrespectful.
0:30:29 > 0:30:33And he's so outraged by this behaviour
0:30:33 > 0:30:37that he, he, he disses him and tells him to clear off.
0:30:37 > 0:30:41I could be well moved if I were as you.
0:30:41 > 0:30:46If I could pray to move prayers would move me.
0:30:46 > 0:30:49But I am constant as the Northern Star
0:30:49 > 0:30:53of whose true fixed and resting quality
0:30:53 > 0:30:56there is no fellow in the firmament.
0:30:56 > 0:31:01And it makes us and the rest of the conspirators think that
0:31:01 > 0:31:06this egotistical unapproachable man
0:31:06 > 0:31:11definitely needs to be seen to, as it were, before, you know,
0:31:11 > 0:31:15he gets absolute power when he becomes king.
0:31:15 > 0:31:18Shakespeare is setting him up
0:31:18 > 0:31:23to be assassinated by the next speech to, to Cassius.
0:31:23 > 0:31:26But hang on, he's setting him up
0:31:26 > 0:31:30in order for the audience to feel justified in this killing
0:31:30 > 0:31:33and therefore the senate feels justified in doing this killing.
0:31:33 > 0:31:39I do know but one that unassailable hold on his rank,
0:31:39 > 0:31:43unshaped of motion, and that I am he.
0:31:43 > 0:31:46Let me a little show it even in this
0:31:46 > 0:31:49that I was constant Cimber should be banished
0:31:49 > 0:31:53and constant to remain to keep him so.
0:31:55 > 0:31:59Shakespeare dealt with gods, kings and men brilliantly.
0:31:59 > 0:32:04But when any one of those
0:32:04 > 0:32:10steps above where they can be or should be...
0:32:10 > 0:32:12trouble ensues.
0:32:12 > 0:32:16How do we know who, who goes in when, who stabs him when?
0:32:16 > 0:32:20"Speak hands for me" is the first stab, and that's Casca's line
0:32:20 > 0:32:23so I think we're locked into that.
0:32:23 > 0:32:26It tells us that Casca is the first.
0:32:26 > 0:32:28- I am the first.- Right.
0:32:28 > 0:32:32We know that Casca indeed is supposed to make the first thrust,
0:32:32 > 0:32:36we know that Casca also is very close to Caesar
0:32:36 > 0:32:38so therefore that's why he is able to make that first thrust.
0:32:38 > 0:32:42Caesar would not be suspicious of him being so close to him.
0:32:42 > 0:32:45I feel like it's more Casca's waiting for the right moment.
0:32:45 > 0:32:46That's right.
0:32:46 > 0:32:49The line "Casca be sudden" means use the element of surprise.
0:32:49 > 0:32:51- Yeah.- So he's waiting for the right moment.
0:32:51 > 0:32:55When Casca starts, everybody has got to be in.
0:32:55 > 0:32:57- Oh, Caesar.- Hence! Wilt thou lift up Olympus?
0:32:57 > 0:32:59Great Caesar.
0:32:59 > 0:33:01Doth not Brutus, Brutus still stand?
0:33:01 > 0:33:03Speak hands for me!
0:33:03 > 0:33:06SHOUTING
0:33:06 > 0:33:10It's so strong, that line. "Speak hands for me."
0:33:10 > 0:33:16And so that I take my cue from that knowing that I sit back,
0:33:16 > 0:33:18I wait and I wait for the right moment,
0:33:18 > 0:33:25I allow Caesar to pontificate and puff himself up and then...
0:33:27 > 0:33:32From all these brave honourable men the blow is a behind the back blow
0:33:32 > 0:33:35which says something about the strength of Caesar
0:33:35 > 0:33:37that he has to be behind him.
0:33:37 > 0:33:40Well, it's Caesar. I mean, it's no small thing to stab Caesar.
0:33:40 > 0:33:42Better make sure it works.
0:33:42 > 0:33:46Yeah, but it means that he is also like a raging bull,
0:33:46 > 0:33:50whatever, he is capable of defending himself it seems.
0:33:50 > 0:33:51Speak hands for me!
0:33:51 > 0:33:54SHOUTING
0:34:06 > 0:34:08Et tu, Brute?
0:34:08 > 0:34:13"Et tu, Brute?" And you, Brutus? Are you also going to kill me?
0:34:13 > 0:34:19One of the most famous lines in all Shakespeare, isn't it?
0:34:19 > 0:34:21It's like Caesar is saying "I loved you all
0:34:21 > 0:34:24"and I thought you all knew that I loved you.
0:34:24 > 0:34:28"But you? Especially you, Brutus."
0:34:28 > 0:34:34In our production, his only hope, cos he is still standing there,
0:34:34 > 0:34:37he hasn't gone down, he is very strong and they've all stabbed him
0:34:37 > 0:34:41and his only hope would be Brutus, who is like a son to him.
0:34:41 > 0:34:45"So well, if the person that I love the most is going to kill me,
0:34:45 > 0:34:48"then I'd rather die than live."
0:34:50 > 0:34:52Et tu, Brute.
0:34:52 > 0:34:54Then fall, Caesar.
0:34:54 > 0:34:57A-a-a-argh.
0:34:57 > 0:35:01In our production, Caesar covered his head
0:35:01 > 0:35:04and Brutus stabbed him in the private parts.
0:35:04 > 0:35:09And there is no more violent act that I can think of.
0:35:09 > 0:35:12A-a-a-argh!
0:35:12 > 0:35:15It's a very visceral act, the stabbing of Caesar in that way.
0:35:15 > 0:35:18A-a-a-a-argh!
0:35:18 > 0:35:22Hu-u-urgh! H-u-u-urgh!
0:35:26 > 0:35:29Liberty. Freedom.
0:35:29 > 0:35:32Tyranny is dead.
0:35:32 > 0:35:35Run hence, proclaim! Cry it about the streets!
0:35:35 > 0:35:36Some to the common pulpits
0:35:36 > 0:35:42and cry out, "Liberty, freedom, enfranchisement!"
0:35:42 > 0:35:45The freneticism is shown in the language
0:35:45 > 0:35:49in its jagged language in, you know, not quite having the plan in,
0:35:49 > 0:35:53nobody quite knows when to act and as with these things
0:35:53 > 0:35:55it goes way over the top.
0:35:55 > 0:36:00There is no self-respecting human being within the audience
0:36:00 > 0:36:05who would see them going at this savage act and go,
0:36:05 > 0:36:08"Oh my God, you know, I completely support
0:36:08 > 0:36:11"the way they carry out the action."
0:36:11 > 0:36:15It is a play that touches heart strings.
0:36:15 > 0:36:17it's not about the intellect,
0:36:17 > 0:36:19it's about, "How do you feel about this, though?"
0:36:19 > 0:36:22As an idea it sounded brilliant.
0:36:22 > 0:36:26The way it's carried out, it's savage.
0:36:33 > 0:36:35SHOUTING AND CHATTER
0:36:39 > 0:36:44Be patient!
0:36:44 > 0:36:52Till the last Romans, countrymen and lovers
0:36:52 > 0:36:55hear me for my cause and be silent,
0:36:55 > 0:36:59that you may hear, believe me for mine honour
0:36:59 > 0:37:04and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.
0:37:04 > 0:37:07Censure me in your wisdom
0:37:07 > 0:37:10and awake your senses that you made a better judge.
0:37:12 > 0:37:17If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesar's,
0:37:17 > 0:37:23to him I say, Brutus love to Caesar was no less than his.
0:37:23 > 0:37:27If then that friend demands why Brutus rose against Caesar
0:37:27 > 0:37:31this is my answer. Not that I loved Caesar less...
0:37:32 > 0:37:37..but that I loved Rome more.
0:37:40 > 0:37:45Would you rather Caesar were living to die all slaves
0:37:45 > 0:37:49or that Caesar were dead to live all free men?
0:37:51 > 0:37:54As Caesar loved me, I weep for him.
0:37:54 > 0:37:58As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it.
0:37:58 > 0:38:03As he was valiant, I honour him, but as he was ambitious, I slew him!
0:38:03 > 0:38:07There is tears for his love, joy for his fortune,
0:38:07 > 0:38:11honour for his valour and death for his ambition.
0:38:14 > 0:38:19Who is here so rude that would be a bond man?
0:38:20 > 0:38:24If any, speak, for him have I offended.
0:38:24 > 0:38:30Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman?
0:38:30 > 0:38:33If any, speak, or him have I offended.
0:38:33 > 0:38:38Who is here so vile that will not love his country?
0:38:38 > 0:38:41If any, speak, for him have I offended.
0:38:41 > 0:38:43I pause for reply.
0:38:43 > 0:38:46- SHOUTING - None, Brutus, none.
0:38:47 > 0:38:50Then none have I offended.
0:38:51 > 0:38:54Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony, who,
0:38:54 > 0:38:56though he had no part in Caesar's death
0:38:56 > 0:38:58shall receive the benefit of his dying,
0:38:58 > 0:39:04a place in the commonwealth, as which of you shall not.
0:39:07 > 0:39:10With this I depart,
0:39:10 > 0:39:15that as I slew my best lover for the good of Rome
0:39:15 > 0:39:19I have that same dagger for myself
0:39:19 > 0:39:22when it shall please my country to need my death.
0:39:22 > 0:39:27- ALL: Live, Brutus, live, live! - Let him be Caesar!
0:39:28 > 0:39:31My countrymen!
0:39:31 > 0:39:34Good countrymen, let me depart alone,
0:39:34 > 0:39:37and for my sake, stay here with Antony.
0:39:37 > 0:39:40Do grace to Caesar's corpse and grace his speech
0:39:40 > 0:39:42tending to Caesar's glories,
0:39:42 > 0:39:46which Mark Antony, by our permission, is allowed to make.
0:39:46 > 0:39:52I do entreat you, not a man depart save I alone.
0:39:52 > 0:39:53Till Antony have spoke.
0:39:53 > 0:39:55Stay, let us hear Mark Antony!
0:39:55 > 0:39:59Noble Antony, go on!
0:40:03 > 0:40:06For Brutus's sake I am beholding to you.
0:40:06 > 0:40:10What does he say of Brutus? 'Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here!
0:40:10 > 0:40:13CLAMOUR
0:40:13 > 0:40:16We are blessed that Rome is rid of him!
0:40:17 > 0:40:21Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!
0:40:22 > 0:40:27I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
0:40:29 > 0:40:32The evil that men do lives after them,
0:40:32 > 0:40:37the good is oft imparted with their bones.
0:40:37 > 0:40:39So let it be with Caesar.
0:40:42 > 0:40:45The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.
0:40:46 > 0:40:48If it was so,
0:40:48 > 0:40:50it was a grievous fault
0:40:50 > 0:40:54and grievously hath Caesar answered it.
0:40:56 > 0:41:01Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest.
0:41:01 > 0:41:05For Brutus is an honourable man.
0:41:05 > 0:41:08So an honourable man,
0:41:08 > 0:41:13come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
0:41:28 > 0:41:31He was my friend...
0:41:33 > 0:41:35..faithful and just to me.
0:41:37 > 0:41:40But Brutus says he was ambitious,
0:41:40 > 0:41:43and Brutus is an honourable man.
0:41:45 > 0:41:49He hath brought many captives home to Rome
0:41:49 > 0:41:53whose ransoms did the general corpus fill,
0:41:53 > 0:41:56that this in Caesar seem ambitious.
0:41:58 > 0:42:01When that the poor hath cried,
0:42:02 > 0:42:04Caesar hath wept!
0:42:04 > 0:42:07Ambition should be made of sterner stuff -
0:42:07 > 0:42:13yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man.
0:42:14 > 0:42:18You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him
0:42:18 > 0:42:24a kingly crown - which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?
0:42:25 > 0:42:31Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure he is an honourable man.
0:42:33 > 0:42:36I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
0:42:36 > 0:42:40but here I am to speak what I do know.
0:42:46 > 0:42:51You all did love him once.
0:42:52 > 0:42:56Not without cause.
0:42:56 > 0:43:00What cause withholds you then to mourn for him?
0:43:02 > 0:43:05O, judgment!
0:43:05 > 0:43:07Thou art fled to brutish beasts...
0:43:07 > 0:43:10and men have lost their reason.
0:43:20 > 0:43:26When I first read Brutus's oration just after the murder of Caesar,
0:43:26 > 0:43:29I felt that this was a man who was justifying murder,
0:43:29 > 0:43:32but he wasn't justifying it in order to manipulate the crowd -
0:43:32 > 0:43:36he was justifying it in order to show them why he had done it.
0:43:38 > 0:43:42Romans, countrymen and lovers.
0:43:43 > 0:43:46Hear me for my cause,
0:43:46 > 0:43:48and be silent that you may hear.
0:43:48 > 0:43:51Believe me for mine honour,
0:43:51 > 0:43:55and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.
0:43:55 > 0:43:59When somebody talks to us, and everything they're saying,
0:43:59 > 0:44:03inside we're going, "Mm, that's true. Actually, that's right..."
0:44:03 > 0:44:05that feels to me what rhetoric is.
0:44:05 > 0:44:08The person has sort of got your argument,
0:44:08 > 0:44:11knows what you're feeling, or knows what you're thinking,
0:44:11 > 0:44:14and sort of says what you're thinking, and then says something else that you go,
0:44:14 > 0:44:18"Yeah. Actually, no, that IS the inevitable conclusion of my thoughts."
0:44:19 > 0:44:24So, where do we think Brutus uses
0:44:24 > 0:44:26pathos, ethos and logos -
0:44:26 > 0:44:28the structures of rhetoric?
0:44:28 > 0:44:30Well, the main thing that he uses is ethos -
0:44:30 > 0:44:36"Who am I?" And the first thing he says is, "I'm a man of honour."
0:44:38 > 0:44:40That's the first personal thing he says to them - "Who am I?
0:44:40 > 0:44:43"I'm a man of honour. And you all know I'm a man of honour."
0:44:44 > 0:44:46Believe me, for mine honour,
0:44:46 > 0:44:50and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.
0:44:50 > 0:44:55Logos, yes - he definitely uses words that are very clear.
0:44:55 > 0:44:56At the very beginning
0:44:56 > 0:44:59he says, you know,
0:44:59 > 0:45:02"Hear me, believe me, censure me."
0:45:03 > 0:45:07"Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses."
0:45:07 > 0:45:12He then appeals to them, and appeals to their emotions, I suppose - pathos -
0:45:12 > 0:45:15when he says, "If there's any here who loved Caesar...
0:45:15 > 0:45:18"well, I'm just like them, I loved Caesar too."
0:45:18 > 0:45:20But I think the main thrust of his argument
0:45:20 > 0:45:23is logos, is the word -
0:45:23 > 0:45:24is to give them the truth,
0:45:24 > 0:45:26and to say to them
0:45:26 > 0:45:29this is what happened, and this is WHY this happened.
0:45:29 > 0:45:32As Caesar loved me, I weep for him.
0:45:32 > 0:45:35As he was fortunate, I rejoice at it.
0:45:35 > 0:45:38As he was valiant, I honour him -
0:45:38 > 0:45:40but as he was ambitious, I slew him.
0:45:40 > 0:45:44His lines are well-balanced,
0:45:44 > 0:45:46but they're not overly emotional.
0:45:46 > 0:45:49You could argue that he patronises them
0:45:49 > 0:45:51by just speaking down to them slightly,
0:45:51 > 0:45:54not getting down and dirty on their level -
0:45:54 > 0:45:56but I think what he does is slightly more honest
0:45:56 > 0:46:00in that he just delivers the truth and expects
0:46:00 > 0:46:05that they'll be adult enough to, to accept that, and he is so wrong.
0:46:08 > 0:46:13Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears.
0:46:14 > 0:46:19I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
0:46:20 > 0:46:23The evil that men do lives after them,
0:46:23 > 0:46:26the good is oft interred with their bones.
0:46:26 > 0:46:29So let it be with Caesar.
0:46:29 > 0:46:32He's just seen Brutus do a fantastic speech,
0:46:32 > 0:46:34which actually HAS won over this crowd,
0:46:34 > 0:46:37and by the end of it they've actually said,
0:46:37 > 0:46:39"Build a statue for him. Let him be Caesar."
0:46:39 > 0:46:42But I think Mark Antony knows that the audience is quite fickle.
0:46:42 > 0:46:47Mark Antony immediately takes the pathos side of things,
0:46:47 > 0:46:49and starts to be emotional.
0:46:49 > 0:46:56And in his speech you see long lines, but you also see punch.
0:46:56 > 0:47:01He has a great capacity to use visceral language -
0:47:01 > 0:47:04he talks about the wounds of Caesar,
0:47:04 > 0:47:09he talks about the wounds speaking poor, poor dumb mouths...
0:47:09 > 0:47:13he talks about the fact that they loved him once.
0:47:13 > 0:47:18He uses very emotional words, and it wins the crowd over, it woos them.
0:47:18 > 0:47:21I think people won't believe you when you're emotional.
0:47:21 > 0:47:25They'll actually just believe in just sort of dry rhetoric.
0:47:25 > 0:47:28Which is what Brutus uses, he uses rhetoric without the emotion.
0:47:28 > 0:47:32And it's a great argument - but it ain't good enough.
0:47:33 > 0:47:38So let's try an exercise to pick out words within that speech,
0:47:38 > 0:47:43and just stress a counter argument against Brutus's argument
0:47:43 > 0:47:45of why they took out Caesar,
0:47:45 > 0:47:48- and just do it with your eyes closed.- OK.- Great.
0:47:51 > 0:47:56When that the poor hath cried, Caesar hath wept.
0:47:57 > 0:48:02Ambition should be made of sterner stuff,
0:48:02 > 0:48:07yet Brutus says he was ambitious.
0:48:07 > 0:48:11- He's trying to break down ambition. What is ambition?- Yeah, yeah.
0:48:11 > 0:48:15Was this act ambitious? Or was that act ambitious?
0:48:15 > 0:48:17Because it doesn't seem to me that
0:48:17 > 0:48:19that seems like a man who's ambitious,
0:48:19 > 0:48:23but by the end, you're kind of questioning,
0:48:23 > 0:48:25"Are these guys honest?"
0:48:25 > 0:48:26After hearing both speeches,
0:48:26 > 0:48:30the fact that one's written in prose and the other in verse...
0:48:30 > 0:48:33- Why?!- Yeah, why do we think that is?
0:48:33 > 0:48:36I often think that often in Shakespeare
0:48:36 > 0:48:40what I've seen is that his honest -
0:48:40 > 0:48:42as in, they're just going to tell it like it is -
0:48:42 > 0:48:44characters tend to speak in prose.
0:48:44 > 0:48:47It might be that Shakespeare's saying
0:48:47 > 0:48:50- that Brutus is speaking straightforwardly.- Yeah.
0:48:50 > 0:48:53And that Antony is more structured, and more in control.
0:48:54 > 0:48:56Bear with me.
0:48:56 > 0:49:01My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,
0:49:01 > 0:49:04and I must pause till it come back to me.
0:49:04 > 0:49:09This guy is just ten times more astute than I am
0:49:09 > 0:49:12about how to work a crowd.
0:49:12 > 0:49:15When he's got them to real fever pitch...
0:49:15 > 0:49:20he then raises up the will.
0:49:21 > 0:49:23And then promises them law.
0:49:23 > 0:49:27"This is what's in Caesar's will - he's promised you money."
0:49:27 > 0:49:30Suddenly I've lost them, and I wanted to get up then and go
0:49:30 > 0:49:33"Actually I've got some more to say..."
0:49:33 > 0:49:35But it was too late. And that's the brilliance of Mark Antony
0:49:35 > 0:49:37and the brilliance of Shakespeare,
0:49:37 > 0:49:39to put those two speeches side by side.
0:49:42 > 0:49:46Brutus says, "Why did I kill this man?
0:49:46 > 0:49:48"I killed him to make you free.
0:49:48 > 0:49:50"Not because I didn't like him,
0:49:50 > 0:49:55"but because I loved you much more than I liked him."
0:49:55 > 0:49:58And this is, you know,
0:49:58 > 0:50:02political suicide, admitting the truth.
0:50:02 > 0:50:04We're going to be looking at the role of the citizens
0:50:04 > 0:50:08during the oration after Caesar's assassination,
0:50:08 > 0:50:11and what would be nice is for you to stay up here
0:50:11 > 0:50:14and just face out,
0:50:14 > 0:50:18and the rest of you guys, if you just turn your backs on him
0:50:18 > 0:50:20and when you feel as if
0:50:20 > 0:50:24you're being swayed by Brutus's speech,
0:50:24 > 0:50:26you just turn round and listen to him.
0:50:26 > 0:50:28- Let's do it, yeah?- OK.
0:50:29 > 0:50:31BABBLE OF VOICES
0:50:34 > 0:50:37Be patient till the last,
0:50:37 > 0:50:41Romans, countrymen and lovers.
0:50:41 > 0:50:43Hear me for my cause,
0:50:43 > 0:50:46and be silent that you may hear.
0:50:46 > 0:50:47Believe me for mine honour,
0:50:47 > 0:50:52and have respect to mine honour that you may believe.
0:50:52 > 0:50:54Censure me in your wisdom,
0:50:54 > 0:50:56and awake your senses
0:50:56 > 0:50:59that you may the better judge.
0:50:59 > 0:51:03If there be any in this assembly,
0:51:03 > 0:51:04any dear friend of Caesar's...
0:51:04 > 0:51:08to him I say, Brutus's love to Caesar
0:51:08 > 0:51:11was no less than his.
0:51:11 > 0:51:13If then that friend demand
0:51:13 > 0:51:16why Brutus rose against Caesar,
0:51:16 > 0:51:18this is my answer.
0:51:18 > 0:51:21Not that I loved Caesar less...
0:51:21 > 0:51:25..but that I loved Rome more.
0:51:27 > 0:51:32Would you rather Caesar were living, and die all slaves...
0:51:33 > 0:51:38..or that Caesar were dead to live all free men?
0:51:39 > 0:51:45So, was there a particular phrase that made you turn?
0:51:45 > 0:51:48For me it was the first word that really made me want to listen
0:51:48 > 0:51:50and the repetition of the word "honour".
0:51:50 > 0:51:54For me it was more, "Hear me, that you may the better judge."
0:51:54 > 0:51:58Awake your senses, that you may the better judge.
0:51:58 > 0:52:01Because my character continually says,
0:52:01 > 0:52:03"Let us hear what they have to say. No, let us hear them -
0:52:03 > 0:52:06"let's hear what they're going to say first of all,"
0:52:06 > 0:52:10before actually making that decision at the end of the forum scene.
0:52:10 > 0:52:15For me, yeah, "Would you rather Caesar live and be all slaves?"
0:52:15 > 0:52:20Would you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves?
0:52:20 > 0:52:22'I hadn't thought of myself as a slave'
0:52:22 > 0:52:24and having less liberty and freedom
0:52:24 > 0:52:28so that's the line that made me think.
0:52:28 > 0:52:30The fact that he loves Rome.
0:52:30 > 0:52:33Not that I loved Caesar less,
0:52:33 > 0:52:36but that I loved Rome more.
0:52:37 > 0:52:42He loves the people of Rome more than he loves the person leading it,
0:52:42 > 0:52:46so that made me want to listen, it made me want to listen a bit more.
0:52:46 > 0:52:50Once you'd kind of made your initial decision to turn to hear him,
0:52:50 > 0:52:52was that enough to, kind of, hold you?
0:52:52 > 0:52:57I... It lost me when he told me to listen to Antony
0:52:57 > 0:53:00because he had... Because I did not want to hear him at first
0:53:00 > 0:53:04and then he convinced me to listen to him and then he asked me
0:53:04 > 0:53:07to listen to Antony and, you know,
0:53:07 > 0:53:09I mean, it just didn't make any sense.
0:53:09 > 0:53:12But his actual mistake in the whole play
0:53:12 > 0:53:13is letting Antony speak at all.
0:53:13 > 0:53:16- Yeah.- I think if Brutus had been more of a political player
0:53:16 > 0:53:18then he would have just gone, "I've got them,
0:53:18 > 0:53:21"I'm just going to keep them. I am not going to let Antony -
0:53:21 > 0:53:23"however rubbish I might think he is at oratory -
0:53:23 > 0:53:24"have a go at these guys at all
0:53:24 > 0:53:27"cos I've got them eating out of my hands,"
0:53:27 > 0:53:31but he doesn't think that way. Unfortunately for him, politically.
0:53:34 > 0:53:36He wants them to get to mob mentality
0:53:36 > 0:53:39cos he wants them to actually rip the place apart
0:53:39 > 0:53:43that's what it, you know... It's riots. That's what he wants.
0:53:43 > 0:53:46What would be nice is to see whether we can mark those moments
0:53:46 > 0:53:51when what Antony is saying is affecting the citizens
0:53:51 > 0:53:56and they feel compelled to, kind of, move closer towards him,
0:53:56 > 0:54:00and if there is anything that he says that you disagree with
0:54:00 > 0:54:02also taking steps back out, OK?
0:54:02 > 0:54:06And we'll just start from this wall over here.
0:54:07 > 0:54:11The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.
0:54:11 > 0:54:16If it were so, it was a grievous fault
0:54:16 > 0:54:19and grievously hath Caesar answered it.
0:54:20 > 0:54:24Here on the leave of Brutus and the rest,
0:54:24 > 0:54:27for Brutus is an honourable man -
0:54:27 > 0:54:32so are they all, all honourable men -
0:54:32 > 0:54:34come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
0:54:37 > 0:54:39He was my friend.
0:54:40 > 0:54:42Faithful and just to me.
0:54:44 > 0:54:46But Brutus says he was ambitious
0:54:46 > 0:54:49and Brutus is an honourable man.
0:54:52 > 0:54:56He hath brought many captives home to Rome
0:54:56 > 0:55:00whose ransoms did the general coffers fill.
0:55:01 > 0:55:04Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
0:55:05 > 0:55:08When that the poor have cried,
0:55:08 > 0:55:11Caesar hath wept.
0:55:11 > 0:55:13Ambition should be made of sterner stuff,
0:55:13 > 0:55:19yet Brutus says he was ambitious and Brutus is an honourable man.
0:55:22 > 0:55:25How did that feel for you guys?
0:55:25 > 0:55:31Were you affected more than perhaps with Brutus or less so?
0:55:31 > 0:55:36- Brutus' version was Caesar's Assassination For Dummies.- Right.
0:55:36 > 0:55:38And Antony's version is actually...
0:55:38 > 0:55:42I think you're intelligent enough to think about this a little bit more
0:55:42 > 0:55:43and see the truth for yourself.
0:55:43 > 0:55:48For me, I've just been talked to about Brutus
0:55:48 > 0:55:51and I'm pretty much on Brutus' side.
0:55:51 > 0:55:54I mean, I'm not just going to jump straight,
0:55:54 > 0:55:59though he does give some very, very good, valid, interesting points.
0:55:59 > 0:56:01You all did see that on the Lupercal
0:56:01 > 0:56:04I thrice presented him a kingly crown
0:56:04 > 0:56:06which he did thrice refuse.
0:56:06 > 0:56:08Was this ambition?
0:56:08 > 0:56:10I think it's the way it's constructed.
0:56:10 > 0:56:12He asks a lot of questions.
0:56:12 > 0:56:14But it's questions that you can't answer,
0:56:14 > 0:56:20so he's kind of drawing it out of them to think for themselves.
0:56:20 > 0:56:23You all did love him once.
0:56:25 > 0:56:28Not without cause.
0:56:28 > 0:56:32What cause withholds you, then, to mourn for him?
0:56:32 > 0:56:35He's not presenting the argument as black and white,
0:56:35 > 0:56:38he's saying, "But hang on you've seen this, you've seen this,
0:56:38 > 0:56:41"you've seen Caesar do this and you loved Caesar once,"
0:56:41 > 0:56:43and you're actually... It's almost as though
0:56:43 > 0:56:48you're giving us a lot more credit from that point of view as Antony,
0:56:48 > 0:56:52to allow us to come up with the conclusion on our own.
0:56:52 > 0:56:54Even though what you're actually doing
0:56:54 > 0:56:56is being very manipulative with it,
0:56:56 > 0:57:01but for us it feels as though we are the ones in control.
0:57:01 > 0:57:07The point that Brutus misses is that Brutus talks at people
0:57:07 > 0:57:13whereas I think Mark Antony talks to people, with people,
0:57:13 > 0:57:18and I think because of that there is a bigger connection.
0:57:19 > 0:57:24Mark Antony and Caesar, they've come from, kind of, nothing
0:57:24 > 0:57:26and built themselves up,
0:57:26 > 0:57:30so they've got more of an identification with the people
0:57:30 > 0:57:34so obviously that is what I use to my advantage.
0:57:34 > 0:57:38How come it feels as if there's still the distance
0:57:38 > 0:57:43between you and him? How come no-one got right behind him
0:57:43 > 0:57:46to kind of say, "Hey, everyone, you know,
0:57:46 > 0:57:48"he's making a lot of sense?"
0:57:48 > 0:57:53I mean, I still feel instinctively
0:57:53 > 0:57:56that there is more that he has to say.
0:57:56 > 0:57:58Yeah, I think I'm quite the same actually.
0:57:58 > 0:58:01At this point in the speech he said, "Bear with me,"
0:58:01 > 0:58:05because he's got a bit emotional so I know there's more to come
0:58:05 > 0:58:08so I am prepared to listen a bit more and find out
0:58:08 > 0:58:12what else he's got to say about Caesar and the conspirators.
0:58:12 > 0:58:13They only got halfway
0:58:13 > 0:58:17because Mark Antony still had a lot more work to do
0:58:17 > 0:58:20and Shakespeare has given him those speeches
0:58:20 > 0:58:26to help him get them to rise up and mutiny and revolt
0:58:26 > 0:58:29against Brutus and the rest of the conspirators.
0:58:58 > 0:59:01Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd