0:00:29 > 0:00:31APPLAUSE
0:00:36 > 0:00:41Hello and welcome to what promises to be a very special evening.
0:00:41 > 0:00:44Tonight, on the occasion of his 90th birthday,
0:00:44 > 0:00:46we are privileged to be celebrating the life and career
0:00:46 > 0:00:49of a man whose passion and knowledge of the natural world
0:00:49 > 0:00:52has fundamentally changed how we see the world.
0:00:52 > 0:00:56His unique ability to help us understand our planet
0:00:56 > 0:00:58is little short of remarkable.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00He is frequently referred to
0:01:00 > 0:01:02as THE greatest broadcaster of all time.
0:01:02 > 0:01:04He's even beaten David Beckham
0:01:04 > 0:01:06in a poll of the coolest men on the planet.
0:01:06 > 0:01:11I am, of course, talking about the one and only Sir David Attenborough.
0:01:11 > 0:01:15Tonight, we've got rather a different programme for you.
0:01:15 > 0:01:18# Don't stop me now
0:01:19 > 0:01:21# Don't stop me
0:01:21 > 0:01:24# Cos I'm having a good time Having a good time
0:01:24 > 0:01:29# I'm a shooting star leaping through the sky like a tiger
0:01:29 > 0:01:32# Defying the laws of gravity... #
0:01:32 > 0:01:37And top of the menu right now is...salmon.
0:01:37 > 0:01:41# ..Go, go, go There's no stopping me
0:01:41 > 0:01:45# I'm burning through the sky, yeah
0:01:45 > 0:01:46# 200 degrees
0:01:46 > 0:01:48# That's why they call me Mr Fahrenheit... #
0:01:48 > 0:01:51And for that, he must fight!
0:01:51 > 0:01:54# ..I want to make a supersonic man out of you... #
0:01:54 > 0:01:56Boo!
0:01:56 > 0:01:57# Don't stop me now
0:01:57 > 0:02:00# I'm having such a good time
0:02:00 > 0:02:02# I'm having a ball
0:02:02 > 0:02:04# Don't stop me now
0:02:04 > 0:02:08# If you want to have a good time just give me a call
0:02:08 > 0:02:11# Don't stop me Yes, I'm having a good time
0:02:11 > 0:02:13# I don't want to stop at all... #
0:02:13 > 0:02:15Thanks for that. Great talking to you.
0:02:15 > 0:02:19# Don't stop me, don't stop me Don't stop me
0:02:19 > 0:02:21# Don't stop me, don't stop me Ooh-ooh-ooh... #
0:02:21 > 0:02:24- You should see the outtakes. - I would LOVE to see the outtakes!
0:02:24 > 0:02:25Maybe we can arrange a viewing.
0:02:25 > 0:02:28- Yes, any time.- OK. - LAUGHTER
0:02:28 > 0:02:31# ..Don't stop me Yes, I'm having a good time
0:02:31 > 0:02:35# I don't want to stop at all... #
0:02:42 > 0:02:47Ladies and gentlemen, it gives me the greatest of pleasure
0:02:47 > 0:02:49to welcome Sir David Attenborough.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52CHEERING
0:02:59 > 0:03:01Welcome, welcome, welcome
0:03:01 > 0:03:03to your little television party.
0:03:09 > 0:03:13Well...I think they are pleased to see you.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15- First things first, happy birthday. - Thank you very much.
0:03:15 > 0:03:18In your 90th year, building up to the birthday,
0:03:18 > 0:03:20it strikes me you've been as happy as ever.
0:03:20 > 0:03:22I've been talking to people behind the scenes,
0:03:22 > 0:03:24they say Argentina to Australia and everywhere in between.
0:03:24 > 0:03:27Remind us of what you've been filming in the last 12 months.
0:03:27 > 0:03:29Well, I filmed that big dinosaur,
0:03:29 > 0:03:32the biggest one yet found, in Argentina.
0:03:32 > 0:03:39I've filmed luminous earthworms in France, believe it or not.
0:03:39 > 0:03:41I've been on the Barrier Reef.
0:03:41 > 0:03:42So I've had a good time.
0:03:42 > 0:03:45Your fascination with the natural world is obvious
0:03:45 > 0:03:47to all of us and it's interesting that
0:03:47 > 0:03:49the beginnings of your career in television
0:03:49 > 0:03:51were really the beginnings of television.
0:03:51 > 0:03:54I mean, that's when it really got off the ground,
0:03:54 > 0:03:55in those very early 1950s.
0:03:55 > 0:03:57How did you get into television?
0:03:57 > 0:04:00Oh, by accident and certainly not by design,
0:04:00 > 0:04:04because I had never seen television in 1952.
0:04:04 > 0:04:07And the number of people who could see it were tiny,
0:04:07 > 0:04:09they were just in London, a few thousand people.
0:04:09 > 0:04:15And then I was working in publishing in an extremely boring job,
0:04:15 > 0:04:17putting commas into manuscripts
0:04:17 > 0:04:20or occasionally taking them out if I was feeling bad-tempered.
0:04:20 > 0:04:22LAUGHTER
0:04:22 > 0:04:25And it was... it was indescribably boring.
0:04:25 > 0:04:28And I saw an advertisement in the paper that said
0:04:28 > 0:04:31the BBC wanted a radio producer, a talks producer,
0:04:31 > 0:04:34and I thought, "Well, I can talk, I must know how to talk,"
0:04:34 > 0:04:38and so I applied and I got a polite refusal,
0:04:38 > 0:04:40- I didn't get an interview or anything.- Right.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42It just said, "No, thank you very much,"
0:04:42 > 0:04:45which was understandable, I'm sure they got thousands.
0:04:45 > 0:04:47And then about a fortnight after that,
0:04:47 > 0:04:51I got another letter from someone else in the BBC,
0:04:51 > 0:04:55saying, "We are starting this new thing called television,
0:04:55 > 0:04:57"which a lot of people are rude about,
0:04:57 > 0:04:59"and we think that there could be something in it
0:04:59 > 0:05:02"and we've seen your... we've seen your application
0:05:02 > 0:05:04"and you're the sort of person we're looking for.
0:05:04 > 0:05:05"Would you like to apply?"
0:05:05 > 0:05:08And you ranged across, as a young producer, all subjects, then?
0:05:08 > 0:05:11- What would you have been covering as a young producer?- Nonfiction.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13And so I did...
0:05:13 > 0:05:16I mean, I started off by doing an archaeological quiz
0:05:16 > 0:05:18called Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?
0:05:18 > 0:05:22But I did political talks, I did political discussions,
0:05:22 > 0:05:24I did gardening.
0:05:24 > 0:05:26What else did I do? Erm...
0:05:26 > 0:05:28- Knitting! - LAUGHTER
0:05:28 > 0:05:31They had a programme on knitting, yeah!
0:05:31 > 0:05:34By 1954, you had honed your skills enough
0:05:34 > 0:05:36to be allowed to work on something...
0:05:36 > 0:05:37I mean, it was called Zoo Quest
0:05:37 > 0:05:40and actually it would go on to be a very, very popular series,
0:05:40 > 0:05:43but you were working as a producer, or you were working as a presenter?
0:05:43 > 0:05:46I was working... Oh, no, not at all, I was entirely a producer,
0:05:46 > 0:05:48I had no intention of being a presenter
0:05:48 > 0:05:51and the only reason I did was because the man from the zoo,
0:05:51 > 0:05:54- Jack Lester, became very ill. - Yes.
0:05:54 > 0:05:59And it was a live show, so I was told by the head of television,
0:05:59 > 0:06:02"The only other person who can do this is you."
0:06:02 > 0:06:04So I appeared by accident, really.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08So, you travelled around the world for Zoo Quest with...
0:06:08 > 0:06:09Your companion at the time
0:06:09 > 0:06:11was a cameraman called Charles Lagus.
0:06:11 > 0:06:14He's a slip of a lad, David, he's just 88.
0:06:14 > 0:06:16And we went to hear some of his memories
0:06:16 > 0:06:18of those early days working with you.
0:06:18 > 0:06:21I met this young man called Attenborough.
0:06:22 > 0:06:25We seemed to hit it off straightaway.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30And David's knowledge just staggered me.
0:06:33 > 0:06:36When we first got off this aeroplane and started walking,
0:06:36 > 0:06:40there would be the odd bush animal that would walk past, you know.
0:06:40 > 0:06:45He instantly knew what it was, what genus it was.
0:06:46 > 0:06:49Look at trees, he knew what tree it was.
0:06:50 > 0:06:56His zoological knowledge in a country he'd never been to -
0:06:56 > 0:06:58he'd never been out of England -
0:06:58 > 0:07:01was absolutely brilliant, I mean, it was just so reliable.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06We slept in hammocks,
0:07:06 > 0:07:10we spent a lot of time eating boiled rice.
0:07:12 > 0:07:17And yet, we just got on and did it, it just seemed natural.
0:07:17 > 0:07:21But it was quite good coming back and having a proper meal!
0:07:27 > 0:07:30When... When you look at that film, what are your memories?
0:07:30 > 0:07:34Are you suddenly back there, are you taken back to the moment?
0:07:34 > 0:07:36Er, yes, yes, I truly am.
0:07:36 > 0:07:40They were marvellous trips, of course,
0:07:40 > 0:07:42and you couldn't do anything like it now
0:07:42 > 0:07:45because there were no mobile phones, there were...
0:07:45 > 0:07:46You know, when you left, you left.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50And so the animals that you would bring back then,
0:07:50 > 0:07:53one of the most notable is the python.
0:07:53 > 0:07:58Well, that was one we caught in Indonesia, in Java.
0:07:58 > 0:07:59Did you catch it?
0:07:59 > 0:08:01Well, yes, I did, because, you see, poor old Jack,
0:08:01 > 0:08:04he had left, and I, in order to carry on
0:08:04 > 0:08:08this...charade that I was an animal collector, you know,
0:08:08 > 0:08:10- I had to actually... - LAUGHTER
0:08:10 > 0:08:12I actually did do the business.
0:08:12 > 0:08:14How do you catch a python?
0:08:14 > 0:08:15With great difficulty!
0:08:17 > 0:08:20And considerable alarm, I don't mind telling you!
0:08:20 > 0:08:23OK, well, let's just take a little look
0:08:23 > 0:08:26at the Zoo Quest episode with the python.
0:08:26 > 0:08:31Helping me control this python is Mr Lanwarn
0:08:31 > 0:08:33from the Reptile House in the London Zoo,
0:08:33 > 0:08:37who, in fact, has it in his care now. How is he?
0:08:37 > 0:08:39Well, he's doing very fine, actually.
0:08:39 > 0:08:41He's...!
0:08:41 > 0:08:44That's a very good example of how he constricts his food!
0:08:44 > 0:08:46Shall I just show you, or will you lose your hand?
0:08:46 > 0:08:49No, I don't think so, I'll be able to get out eventually.
0:08:49 > 0:08:52While I leave Mr Lanwarn to untie himself from this snake,
0:08:52 > 0:08:55er...we must say goodnight.
0:08:55 > 0:08:57So, from us both, goodnight.
0:09:04 > 0:09:07David, I think that must have been the last time you used Brylcreem.
0:09:07 > 0:09:09You did look very smart there!
0:09:09 > 0:09:13Let's talk, then, about making a name for yourself on screen.
0:09:13 > 0:09:17You did that with Zoo Quest, it became hugely popular,
0:09:17 > 0:09:19and then something rather unusual happened.
0:09:19 > 0:09:21As we know, again, it was the fledgling days of television,
0:09:21 > 0:09:24it was 1965, and they said to you,
0:09:24 > 0:09:26who was becoming this televisual presence,
0:09:26 > 0:09:29"Would you like to come and run BBC Two,
0:09:29 > 0:09:32"to be the Controller of BBC Two?"
0:09:32 > 0:09:34What was your plan?
0:09:34 > 0:09:36Well, it was...
0:09:36 > 0:09:39just about the best job you could possibly have
0:09:39 > 0:09:43in broadcasting, really, if you were interested in programming.
0:09:43 > 0:09:48And the brief was, "Whatever you do, make it different from BBC One."
0:09:50 > 0:09:54They'd go a bit further, they said, "Provide an ALTERNATIVE to BBC One."
0:09:54 > 0:09:57Now, actually, you can't define what an alternative...
0:09:57 > 0:09:58What is the alternative to football?
0:09:58 > 0:10:01It's certainly not Beethoven's string quartets.
0:10:01 > 0:10:02I mean, people who play quartets
0:10:02 > 0:10:05like football just as much as anybody else does.
0:10:05 > 0:10:07So in the end, we decided,
0:10:07 > 0:10:12as long as we got a new kind of programme, it would do.
0:10:12 > 0:10:18So, we developed new things in every genre, really.
0:10:18 > 0:10:20We had new kinds of drama,
0:10:20 > 0:10:24we had classic serials from the great authors,
0:10:24 > 0:10:28we had new sports, we had floodlit rugby league, which we started...
0:10:28 > 0:10:31And we started snooker, I don't mind telling you!
0:10:31 > 0:10:34So, then, you'd been Controller of BBC Two,
0:10:34 > 0:10:36you'd made such a good job of that
0:10:36 > 0:10:39that you were then promoted to Director of Programmes
0:10:39 > 0:10:41and you were very diverse and innovative.
0:10:41 > 0:10:44Interestingly, the big landmark series
0:10:44 > 0:10:47was something that you became known for.
0:10:47 > 0:10:50There was Civilisation, there was The Ascent Of Man.
0:10:50 > 0:10:52There were lots of comedies too, David,
0:10:52 > 0:10:56there was The Likely Lads, there was Monty Python's Flying Circus.
0:10:56 > 0:11:00- Yes.- And the Pythons even did a sketch about you, supposedly,
0:11:00 > 0:11:05tracking down the elusive walking tree of Dahomey.
0:11:05 > 0:11:09Well, we're still keeping up with it, but it's setting a furious pace.
0:11:09 > 0:11:11Early this morning, we thought we'd spotted it,
0:11:11 > 0:11:14but it turned out to be an Angolan sauntering tree,
0:11:14 > 0:11:16Amazellus robinrayi,
0:11:16 > 0:11:18out walking with a Gambian sidling bush.
0:11:18 > 0:11:22So on we go. It's going to be difficult.
0:11:22 > 0:11:24The walking tree can achieve speeds of up to 50mph,
0:11:24 > 0:11:26especially when it's in a hurry.
0:11:29 > 0:11:30Super!
0:11:30 > 0:11:32Well, Rupert has spotted something.
0:11:32 > 0:11:36This could be it, a walking tree on the move.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40APPLAUSE
0:11:40 > 0:11:44Well, joining us now to explain himself,
0:11:44 > 0:11:47please welcome the wonderful Michael Palin.
0:11:52 > 0:11:55APPLAUSE DROWNS SPEECH
0:11:58 > 0:12:00David! Good to see you!
0:12:02 > 0:12:03Oh, dear...
0:12:03 > 0:12:06So, Michael, was that an homage,
0:12:06 > 0:12:07or was it just a straight mickey-take?
0:12:07 > 0:12:10"Dam-age", I think, wasn't it, really?
0:12:10 > 0:12:13Of course it was homage, yes, he's a great man.
0:12:13 > 0:12:16Unfortunately, something went terribly wrong with the sketch,
0:12:16 > 0:12:18which you can't actually see, but the idea was
0:12:18 > 0:12:20that anybody who was a presenter in the jungle
0:12:20 > 0:12:21got very hot and very sweaty,
0:12:21 > 0:12:25so we decided that we would have sort of a plumbed outfit,
0:12:25 > 0:12:27which would pour water down
0:12:27 > 0:12:30through your shirt and jacket as you were talking.
0:12:30 > 0:12:32Unfortunately, in the first take, it went wrong
0:12:32 > 0:12:37and the plumbing got blocked at the top and went down the trousers.
0:12:37 > 0:12:41So, actually, you know, David was eternally incontinent,
0:12:41 > 0:12:42it just poured, poured down.
0:12:42 > 0:12:45"Turn it off, turn it off!"
0:12:45 > 0:12:49David, do you think, did he capture something of the spirit of you,
0:12:49 > 0:12:50do you think, in the impersonation?
0:12:50 > 0:12:54I thought it was absolutely indistinguishable from me!
0:12:54 > 0:12:56Well, I got to be your doppelganger.
0:12:56 > 0:12:58It would be a great job.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00I mean, Monty Python at the time...
0:13:00 > 0:13:02Of course, cult status for many decades now,
0:13:02 > 0:13:04but at the time, it split audiences.
0:13:04 > 0:13:06A lot of people didn't like it, didn't get it,
0:13:06 > 0:13:09and certainly, among a lot of the sort of management of the BBC,
0:13:09 > 0:13:12- it was not popular.- I must say, you were very good, you were the one...
0:13:12 > 0:13:16A lot of other BBC executives avoided us completely
0:13:16 > 0:13:17and you came up and said, "Well,
0:13:17 > 0:13:20"you know, the fact you are not on every night in the provinces,
0:13:20 > 0:13:23"the fact you get taken off when Horse Of The Year Show overruns,
0:13:23 > 0:13:26- "means you're going to become a cult show."- Yes!
0:13:26 > 0:13:27"And cult shows are never forgotten."
0:13:27 > 0:13:30I thought, "What a load of old rubbish!" But he was right!
0:13:30 > 0:13:32LAUGHTER
0:13:32 > 0:13:34And the nice thing about Python was that we were...
0:13:34 > 0:13:39The BBC let us just get on with it, nobody...supervised the programme,
0:13:39 > 0:13:41or watched what we were doing,
0:13:41 > 0:13:43we were able to hone it over sort of 13 shows.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45There was a lot of very bad stuff that we did
0:13:45 > 0:13:48and a lot of very good stuff, but it was amazing the BBC let us
0:13:48 > 0:13:51just carry on experimenting in our little basement.
0:13:51 > 0:13:53And, David, you mentioned the sports programming
0:13:53 > 0:13:56that you were responsible for as Director of Programmes,
0:13:56 > 0:13:57there was Match Of The Day,
0:13:57 > 0:13:59you introduced one-day cricket.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01And you mentioned the snooker and, of course,
0:14:01 > 0:14:02you decided to put snooker on at a time,
0:14:02 > 0:14:05much like a lot of the technology that you've used subsequently,
0:14:05 > 0:14:08because it was only then that people could see the different colours.
0:14:08 > 0:14:11- Yes.- And did people think snooker would be good TV?
0:14:11 > 0:14:13- No. - LAUGHTER
0:14:13 > 0:14:14There was a classic line.
0:14:14 > 0:14:19I had to explain, you see, although people with colour sets
0:14:19 > 0:14:20could see it in colour,
0:14:20 > 0:14:23the majority of the people couldn't see it in colour,
0:14:23 > 0:14:27so the commentator had to help them understand.
0:14:27 > 0:14:28And I impressed this
0:14:28 > 0:14:30on the commentator who was doing the first show
0:14:30 > 0:14:33and he sort of, after he'd got into the show
0:14:33 > 0:14:37and the game was progressing, and he was doing the hushed tones,
0:14:37 > 0:14:39you know, he eventually said,
0:14:39 > 0:14:43"And now he's going for the blue,
0:14:43 > 0:14:46"and for those of you with black-and-white sets,
0:14:46 > 0:14:48"the blue is next to the green."
0:14:48 > 0:14:51LAUGHTER
0:14:54 > 0:14:58David, you are very well known for quizzing visitors to your home
0:14:58 > 0:15:01on some of the... Well, they are very exotic,
0:15:01 > 0:15:03very rare objects that you have collected over the years.
0:15:03 > 0:15:07Indeed, Michael, you were put to the test back in 2002, I think it was.
0:15:07 > 0:15:10- I was, I was. I was quaking in my boots!- Oh, come along now!
0:15:10 > 0:15:13Let's take a look at this documentary, Life On Air.
0:15:13 > 0:15:16- Yes, well...- Object number three is? - Oh, wow!
0:15:16 > 0:15:17Well, it's extremely heavy.
0:15:17 > 0:15:19I would've thought it was an egg of some kind
0:15:19 > 0:15:22- but I can't imagine any animal... - Yes, yes.- It is an egg?
0:15:22 > 0:15:25- Yes.- This has come from inside some...- It's an egg.- ..creature?
0:15:25 > 0:15:27- It's an egg.- Erm...
0:15:27 > 0:15:29- Oh. Dinosaur egg?- Full marks. - Really?
0:15:29 > 0:15:30Ten out of ten.
0:15:30 > 0:15:33There are two things you can always say under these circumstances,
0:15:33 > 0:15:37- either it's a ritual object...- Mm. - ..or else money.
0:15:37 > 0:15:40There's always two, you can always say one of the two,
0:15:40 > 0:15:41- one or the other.- OK.
0:15:41 > 0:15:43- And that is...- Is a ritual object. - ..money.- Oh!
0:15:43 > 0:15:45THEY LAUGH
0:15:47 > 0:15:48There we are.
0:15:50 > 0:15:53We're rather a good comic team, I think, David, actually.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56- So it is your turn, then, Michael, we're giving you the turn.- Yes!
0:15:56 > 0:15:57You're going to turn the tables.
0:15:57 > 0:16:00I have something. It probably won't be that difficult
0:16:00 > 0:16:03but I've got something which I procured on my travels
0:16:03 > 0:16:06and I wonder if you know what it might be, where it's from,
0:16:06 > 0:16:09- what it's for and... - Money or ritual object?
0:16:09 > 0:16:11- ..whether you'd like to use it? - MICHAEL LAUGHS
0:16:11 > 0:16:12Use it?
0:16:14 > 0:16:17First of all, David, it's the wrong way up.
0:16:17 > 0:16:19- I was going to say a flower arrangement. No?- No.
0:16:19 > 0:16:22- Turn it the right way up and then... Ah.- Ah.- Yes.
0:16:22 > 0:16:24Well...
0:16:24 > 0:16:27Well, it's either a neck rest or a bottom rest and I reckon
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- that's a bottom rest...- Yeah.- ..and I reckon it must be an African one.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35- Yeah, people would carry them around, actually, like...- Exactly.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38- He got that annoyingly quickly, didn't he?- Took him a while!
0:16:38 > 0:16:39LAUGHTER
0:16:39 > 0:16:41- That is from the Karamojong people...- Oh, really?
0:16:41 > 0:16:42- Isn't it brilliant?- It is.
0:16:42 > 0:16:45These very, very big guys, they're enormous people and they just
0:16:45 > 0:16:47take these round and, whenever they want to sit, just sit on these.
0:16:47 > 0:16:51I mean, it's really... It looks easy. But actually...
0:16:51 > 0:16:52Oh...
0:16:52 > 0:16:53LAUGHTER
0:16:53 > 0:16:56Oh, actually, that's not bad, really. There you are.
0:17:01 > 0:17:04- Beautiful, economic, clever... - Oh, it's a wonderful thing.- Perfect.
0:17:04 > 0:17:07But it's the only thing they have apart from their spears,
0:17:07 > 0:17:08as far as I remember, is that right?
0:17:08 > 0:17:11One of them had a Rolex watch, actually. No, seriously.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13Quite seriously.
0:17:13 > 0:17:15- Michael Palin, thank you very much indeed.- It's a pleasure.
0:17:15 > 0:17:18APPLAUSE
0:17:21 > 0:17:24David, I think it would be fair to say that you have probably
0:17:24 > 0:17:28travelled to more places than anybody else who has ever lived,
0:17:28 > 0:17:32but there is one place you still haven't been to.
0:17:32 > 0:17:34Good evening, Sir David.
0:17:34 > 0:17:36And good evening, everyone, and welcome on board
0:17:36 > 0:17:38the International Space Station,
0:17:38 > 0:17:42where we're orbiting 400km above the Earth's surface.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46Sir David, your adventures and your words have inspired us enormously
0:17:46 > 0:17:48and changed the way that we look at our Earth.
0:17:48 > 0:17:52Britain has a long history of scientific endeavour,
0:17:52 > 0:17:55and just like the naturalists and explorers of our history,
0:17:55 > 0:17:58it's important that we tell the story of the scientists,
0:17:58 > 0:18:02conservationists and explorers of today to the next generation
0:18:02 > 0:18:04to change our future for the better.
0:18:04 > 0:18:07So from here in space above the equator,
0:18:07 > 0:18:11I would like to wish you, Sir David, a very happy 90th birthday.
0:18:11 > 0:18:13APPLAUSE
0:18:17 > 0:18:19You had, then, as is clear,
0:18:19 > 0:18:22spent a very successful time as a backroom boy.
0:18:22 > 0:18:25You're running BBC Two, being Director of Programmes,
0:18:25 > 0:18:28you had risen pretty high and you decided, extraordinarily,
0:18:28 > 0:18:30and this seems to be a sort of pivotal point in your life,
0:18:30 > 0:18:34it was 1972 and you resigned those big jobs.
0:18:34 > 0:18:36You said, "I don't fancy this any more."
0:18:36 > 0:18:37What was your thinking?
0:18:37 > 0:18:41And it must have been personally a pretty momentous decision.
0:18:41 > 0:18:43Erm, well, I don't know.
0:18:43 > 0:18:46I mean, you know, I'd paid off the mortgage, and the children,
0:18:46 > 0:18:48the children had left school and had been educated
0:18:48 > 0:18:51and what was I going to do?
0:18:51 > 0:18:53And what I thought I was...
0:18:53 > 0:18:56What I know I enjoyed most was making programmes,
0:18:56 > 0:18:58so why not go back to making programmes?
0:18:58 > 0:19:021979, Life On Earth makes it onto our screens,
0:19:02 > 0:19:06it is a ground-breaking series, it's a 13-part series,
0:19:06 > 0:19:09it was hugely popular, it made you a household name.
0:19:09 > 0:19:11What was the inspiration for that series?
0:19:11 > 0:19:13Why did you passionately want to make it?
0:19:13 > 0:19:18Well, when I was running BBC Two, we started a new kind of
0:19:18 > 0:19:22documentary which was 13-part one-hour programmes
0:19:22 > 0:19:27which set out to more or less say, my implication to viewers,
0:19:27 > 0:19:32"Look, if you want to know about this that you've often heard about,
0:19:32 > 0:19:36"stay with us for 13 hours, week by week, and at the end of it,
0:19:36 > 0:19:39"we'll have given you a reasonably responsible outline
0:19:39 > 0:19:40"of what it's about."
0:19:40 > 0:19:43But I knew, you see, that the, THE subject
0:19:43 > 0:19:46that you could really make a mind-blowing series about
0:19:46 > 0:19:49would be the history of life on Earth,
0:19:49 > 0:19:53from the very simplest to the primates like ourselves.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56And that could easily fall into 13 parts, and I thought,
0:19:56 > 0:19:59"By golly, that's a thing I'd like to do."
0:19:59 > 0:20:03My worry was that while I was Director of Programmes,
0:20:03 > 0:20:06that some other perisher was going to go to the BBC
0:20:06 > 0:20:09and say, "What about this wonderful idea of doing the history of life?"
0:20:09 > 0:20:13And I couldn't in all conscience then say no.
0:20:13 > 0:20:18But fortunately nobody did and so as soon as I resigned,
0:20:18 > 0:20:22I suggested to the BBC that maybe this would be something
0:20:22 > 0:20:23they might consider.
0:20:23 > 0:20:27It was a huge hit with viewers, it was full of extraordinary moments.
0:20:27 > 0:20:31But, of course, the most celebrated moment from Life On Earth is...
0:20:31 > 0:20:33I don't even have to say what it is.
0:20:33 > 0:20:35It's this magical sequence here. Let's watch it.
0:20:37 > 0:20:39There is more...
0:20:39 > 0:20:43meaning and mutual understanding in exchanging
0:20:43 > 0:20:45a glance with a gorilla...
0:20:47 > 0:20:50..than any other animal I know.
0:20:50 > 0:20:53And this is how they spend most of their time,
0:20:53 > 0:20:56lounging on the ground, grooming one another.
0:20:57 > 0:21:01Sometimes they even allow others to join in.
0:21:24 > 0:21:25APPLAUSE
0:21:32 > 0:21:35Extraordinary. Well, joining us now to tell us more about that moment
0:21:35 > 0:21:39is someone who was just a fresh- faced research assistant in Rwanda
0:21:39 > 0:21:43at the time. He is now chairman of the Gorilla Organization,
0:21:43 > 0:21:45please welcome Ian Redmond.
0:21:45 > 0:21:47APPLAUSE
0:21:53 > 0:21:55Happy memories, I can tell, watching that clip.
0:21:55 > 0:21:59David, what was the original purpose of filming this sequence
0:21:59 > 0:22:00among the gorillas?
0:22:00 > 0:22:05Well, I wanted... One of the key things in the history of humanity
0:22:05 > 0:22:07and the evolution of humanity was the moment
0:22:07 > 0:22:12when our ancient primate cousins developed the ability
0:22:12 > 0:22:16to put thumb and forefinger together so they could hold,
0:22:16 > 0:22:19initially, of course, branches so they can swing around.
0:22:19 > 0:22:22But if you can do that, you can hold a tool.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25And if you can hold a tool, you can make weapons,
0:22:25 > 0:22:29you can make all kinds of objects that you wanted to.
0:22:29 > 0:22:34So it's the opposable thumb, as it's called, is the crucial thing.
0:22:34 > 0:22:38And I wanted to illustrate that with apes.
0:22:38 > 0:22:43And, Ian, were you surprised when you saw the behaviour
0:22:43 > 0:22:46of these gorillas around David?
0:22:46 > 0:22:49Well, at the time the gorillas were used to one observer.
0:22:49 > 0:22:52- So it was very unusual to have a group of people coming in.- Right.
0:22:52 > 0:22:56But gorillas seem to have this concept of a friend of a friend
0:22:56 > 0:22:58and if they know someone
0:22:58 > 0:23:00and there's somebody else they don't know with them,
0:23:00 > 0:23:03because they're with that someone, it... "Mm, OK."
0:23:03 > 0:23:05And before you visit gorillas,
0:23:05 > 0:23:09you're given a sort of briefing in gorilla etiquette
0:23:09 > 0:23:13and David absorbed it almost like second nature.
0:23:13 > 0:23:17I was preparing myself to talk about the opposable thumb
0:23:17 > 0:23:19when I felt a hand on my head
0:23:19 > 0:23:22and I turned around and there was this huge gorilla.
0:23:22 > 0:23:27And she actually started by putting her big forefinger
0:23:27 > 0:23:29in my mouth. Like that.
0:23:29 > 0:23:30And I thought,
0:23:30 > 0:23:34"This is not the moment to talk about the opposable thumb."
0:23:36 > 0:23:39And it went rather out of my mind, really,
0:23:39 > 0:23:42and I was just sort of lying there in...
0:23:42 > 0:23:47I suppose it was... Really, it was a kind of paradise, really,
0:23:47 > 0:23:51because you were being accepted by an animal
0:23:51 > 0:23:56which was immensely powerful and which was clearly friendly
0:23:56 > 0:24:00and accepting you on your own terms, as it were,
0:24:00 > 0:24:03and there are very few animals that you can do that with.
0:24:03 > 0:24:06You can't do that with lions, you can't do that with...
0:24:06 > 0:24:08- It's a mutual trust. - It's a mutual trust.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10You're trusting them and they're trusting you.
0:24:10 > 0:24:12And, David, what is so extraordinary,
0:24:12 > 0:24:15that this has become a sort of emblematic moment in your career,
0:24:15 > 0:24:18it almost was not filmed at all.
0:24:18 > 0:24:21Well, John Sparks, who was the director,
0:24:21 > 0:24:25was worried about this because it might appear to the audience
0:24:25 > 0:24:29that we were, as it were, part of Blue Peter or something
0:24:29 > 0:24:32and that these were tame gorillas,
0:24:32 > 0:24:35and so he didn't want them to appear tame.
0:24:35 > 0:24:39But Martin Saunders, who was the cameraman, said to him after a bit,
0:24:39 > 0:24:42he said, "We really ought to be filming this, you know,"
0:24:42 > 0:24:46and so he pressed the button and got that footage.
0:24:46 > 0:24:49And so, Ian, this was sort of 38 years ago, I think,
0:24:49 > 0:24:51that this was filmed.
0:24:51 > 0:24:54The situation then was perilous for these gorillas. What about today?
0:24:54 > 0:24:57Well, then the gorillas were at their lowest ebb.
0:24:57 > 0:25:00We thought there were about 250 mountain gorillas in the Virungas.
0:25:00 > 0:25:04A few years before that footage, a poll among schoolchildren
0:25:04 > 0:25:08had gorillas in there with spiders and sharks as the scariest animals.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11And so having a well-known TV presenter being accepted
0:25:11 > 0:25:14in a trusted way by a family of gorillas
0:25:14 > 0:25:16transformed people's attitudes.
0:25:16 > 0:25:21The result of that was a coalition of organisations got together
0:25:21 > 0:25:24and things changed. And decades later,
0:25:24 > 0:25:26we can say that there is a census going on right now,
0:25:26 > 0:25:31we're expecting there to be nearly 1,000, so from 250 to 1,000,
0:25:31 > 0:25:33not all in the Virungas but in the two populations,
0:25:33 > 0:25:35so it's been...it's one of those rare things -
0:25:35 > 0:25:37a conservation success story,
0:25:37 > 0:25:40- which this man played a significant role in.- Fantastic.
0:25:40 > 0:25:42APPLAUSE
0:25:48 > 0:25:51Just before you go, do tell me, the little baby gorillas,
0:25:51 > 0:25:53did they thrive, were they fine?
0:25:53 > 0:25:57Pablo grew up to be a splendid silverback,
0:25:57 > 0:26:00became one of the most successful silverbacks of the study.
0:26:00 > 0:26:05And Poppy, who was a little younger than Pablo, is still with us
0:26:05 > 0:26:06and still producing babies
0:26:06 > 0:26:10and she's one of the elders in the gorilla population.
0:26:10 > 0:26:13But, yes, we follow their lives, it's like a never-ending soap opera
0:26:13 > 0:26:17and every year we learn new things about gorilla society.
0:26:17 > 0:26:20Ian Redmond, thank you so much for joining us tonight. Fascinating.
0:26:20 > 0:26:22APPLAUSE
0:26:29 > 0:26:31So in the interests of BBC non-bias,
0:26:31 > 0:26:34we thought it entirely necessary that we should hear
0:26:34 > 0:26:36the gorillas' side of the encounter.
0:26:36 > 0:26:40So our friends at Aardman Animation have lent a little hand.
0:26:41 > 0:26:43He was talking very quietly.
0:26:43 > 0:26:46And he's very tall. Yeah, I noticed he's very tall,
0:26:46 > 0:26:50because when he's sitting down, he's really sprawly.
0:26:50 > 0:26:54Erm... But, yeah, I mean, he, you know, he could get close
0:26:54 > 0:26:57if he came into my space.
0:26:57 > 0:27:00I mean, I wouldn't let him walk all over me.
0:27:00 > 0:27:05But I think David Attenborough's probably got an empathy with nature
0:27:05 > 0:27:10and not just animals, you know, but any living things, you know.
0:27:10 > 0:27:12It's like you're sitting down with a mate
0:27:12 > 0:27:15and he's telling you all these stories.
0:27:15 > 0:27:16What is he?
0:27:16 > 0:27:19He's not an archaeologist, is he? What, what's his...?
0:27:19 > 0:27:22He's not a naturist, he doesn't go around naked, does he?
0:27:23 > 0:27:27- Does he? - APPLAUSE
0:27:31 > 0:27:33You're not a naturist, are you?
0:27:33 > 0:27:35Why'd you ask?
0:27:35 > 0:27:36Well, they mentioned it.
0:27:36 > 0:27:39Now, David, obviously you are someone who is watched,
0:27:39 > 0:27:42who's admired all over the world
0:27:42 > 0:27:45but I would say nowhere more than here in Britain.
0:27:45 > 0:27:48Sir David, on behalf of the whole country,
0:27:48 > 0:27:52I want to wish you a very happy 90th birthday.
0:27:52 > 0:27:55Like so many, I grew up watching you and learning from you
0:27:55 > 0:28:00as your enthusiasm opened my eyes to the natural world around me.
0:28:00 > 0:28:03Your lifelong service has created the most extraordinary
0:28:03 > 0:28:05educational legacy.
0:28:05 > 0:28:09And even today, you're pioneering the latest technologies.
0:28:09 > 0:28:11Britain is incredibly proud
0:28:11 > 0:28:15to have THE greatest naturalist on the planet.
0:28:15 > 0:28:19For just as you treasure the world, so the world rightly treasures you.
0:28:19 > 0:28:22Thank you for all that you've given to us
0:28:22 > 0:28:24and all that you're continuing to do.
0:28:24 > 0:28:27And I wish you a very special evening.
0:28:27 > 0:28:29APPLAUSE
0:28:32 > 0:28:35David, it is surely true what the Prime Minister says there, you know,
0:28:35 > 0:28:39technology has done so much to bring the natural world
0:28:39 > 0:28:42into people's living rooms and into their consciousness.
0:28:42 > 0:28:44When you started, I mean,
0:28:44 > 0:28:45it's brilliant looking at that, isn't it?
0:28:45 > 0:28:49I mean, the technology was so much more difficult, I'm guessing,
0:28:49 > 0:28:51to work with because it was so simplistic?
0:28:51 > 0:28:55Yes, but now we have absolutely everything.
0:28:55 > 0:28:59In fact, I truly think there is almost no circumstance
0:28:59 > 0:29:01that we can't film.
0:29:01 > 0:29:03The new thing that we're doing, of course,
0:29:03 > 0:29:07about bioluminescence is the latest step forward.
0:29:07 > 0:29:10Martin Dawn, who is the cameraman,
0:29:10 > 0:29:13is passionate about experimenting electronically with new cameras
0:29:13 > 0:29:15and new ways of doing things
0:29:15 > 0:29:19in order to get these shots of very, very bioluminescent animals.
0:29:19 > 0:29:21And as you were saying, five years ago,
0:29:21 > 0:29:23- that would have been impossible, to film that.- Impossible.
0:29:23 > 0:29:26Let's just remind ourselves of the fascinating sequences that
0:29:26 > 0:29:30have been captured using some of the world's most incredible technology.
0:29:30 > 0:29:34We really know very little of what goes on in the heart
0:29:34 > 0:29:36of a bivouac like this.
0:29:36 > 0:29:39But this optical probe may help us find out.
0:29:41 > 0:29:45Here is the nursery, full of young, developing grubs.
0:29:49 > 0:29:52The lions are now so at ease,
0:29:52 > 0:29:56our spy in the den can often approach to within a whisker.
0:29:58 > 0:30:00Once they're thoroughly warmed up,
0:30:00 > 0:30:03marine iguanas can maintain their body temperature
0:30:03 > 0:30:07just about as constantly as I can and, what's more,
0:30:07 > 0:30:10at about the same level or indeed slightly higher.
0:30:11 > 0:30:16With a 360-degree view, and an extremely powerful lens,
0:30:16 > 0:30:20the camera can zoom in from a kilometre away.
0:30:23 > 0:30:26Another revelatory film technique
0:30:26 > 0:30:29involves slowing down the action
0:30:29 > 0:30:33simply by increasing the number of images taken per second.
0:30:39 > 0:30:43As the sophistication of time-lapse photography has increased,
0:30:43 > 0:30:48so we've been able to show that plants can be as competitive
0:30:48 > 0:30:51and as aggressive as many an animal.
0:31:00 > 0:31:02Wow!
0:31:05 > 0:31:08APPLAUSE
0:31:11 > 0:31:13So of course that was time-lapse that we saw there,
0:31:13 > 0:31:15which I think you are a great fan of.
0:31:15 > 0:31:18It reveals so much that the naked eye can't see,
0:31:18 > 0:31:21and one of the cameramen responsible for many of those
0:31:21 > 0:31:24really magical films is called Tim Shepherd.
0:31:24 > 0:31:27You've described him as a genius, no less.
0:31:27 > 0:31:30We've actually... We've got a new sequence here which Tim has made
0:31:30 > 0:31:32especially for you this evening.
0:31:32 > 0:31:34- For me?- For you.
0:32:04 > 0:32:06Beautiful.
0:32:06 > 0:32:07APPLAUSE
0:32:14 > 0:32:16Thank you very much, Tim. Yeah.
0:32:16 > 0:32:20Whilst we're on the subject of technology, talking,
0:32:20 > 0:32:21doing pieces to camera underwater
0:32:21 > 0:32:24is surely one of the trickiest things to pull off.
0:32:24 > 0:32:26Maybe the bubble helmet was going to be the answer?
0:32:26 > 0:32:30Yes, it's a hideous memory to me. I'm sorry to see it again. It's...
0:32:30 > 0:32:32LAUGHTER
0:32:32 > 0:32:33It's a long time ago now.
0:32:33 > 0:32:37Having been talking to camera on land for a long time,
0:32:37 > 0:32:41there was a new series about...underwater
0:32:41 > 0:32:44which was being produced by a friend of mine
0:32:44 > 0:32:46called Alastair Fothergill, who was the director.
0:32:46 > 0:32:50And he explained that if I was going to be a narrator,
0:32:50 > 0:32:52it was going to be quite difficult.
0:32:52 > 0:32:55I could do it sitting on a ship, of course, on a boat,
0:32:55 > 0:32:58but how was I going to talk about coral or sharks
0:32:58 > 0:33:00or whatever underwater?
0:33:00 > 0:33:02And Alastair said, "I've got a great idea.
0:33:02 > 0:33:05"We've got a new technological thing.
0:33:05 > 0:33:09"It's called the bubble helmet. See? And what we do is you put that
0:33:09 > 0:33:14"on your shoulders and screw it down and then you'll be able to talk,
0:33:14 > 0:33:16"because there's a microphone in there."
0:33:16 > 0:33:20And I said, "It doesn't seem a very good idea to me at all."
0:33:20 > 0:33:23And I said, "What's all this business with screwing it down?"
0:33:23 > 0:33:24He said, "Well, you've got to screw it down
0:33:24 > 0:33:26"because otherwise it will leak."
0:33:26 > 0:33:29So I said, "That's all very well but how are we going to get it off?"
0:33:29 > 0:33:32"Oh, we'll be able to get it off in, you know, five minutes or so."
0:33:32 > 0:33:34I said, "Five minutes is a very long time.
0:33:34 > 0:33:37"Suppose it goes wrong?" He said, "It won't go wrong.
0:33:37 > 0:33:39"But I'll tell you what, if you're nervous about it, we'll test it."
0:33:39 > 0:33:43This was in... We were going to film electric eels in the Amazon
0:33:43 > 0:33:44and I was going to talk about them.
0:33:44 > 0:33:48"We'll do it in the hotel swimming pool," he said.
0:33:48 > 0:33:51So he put this on my shoulders.
0:33:51 > 0:33:54Well, getting your head inside that is not easy, actually.
0:33:54 > 0:33:55- See?- Ooh.
0:33:55 > 0:33:57- Your nose gets caught.- Yes, yes.
0:33:57 > 0:34:02And when you screw that down on there, you really do feel trapped.
0:34:02 > 0:34:07So I waded into the pool and then very gingerly sort of
0:34:07 > 0:34:11submerged myself and water started coming in,
0:34:11 > 0:34:14you see, and I thought, "It takes about five minutes to get this off."
0:34:14 > 0:34:17So I came out in a hurry and Alastair said, "What's the matter?"
0:34:17 > 0:34:19LAUGHTER
0:34:19 > 0:34:22- You know how directors are. - Oh, yes.- Yeah.
0:34:22 > 0:34:24"What's your problem?" I said...
0:34:24 > 0:34:27- AS IF UNDERWATER:- "It's filling up with water!"
0:34:27 > 0:34:31So he said, "Well, you must be doing something wrong."
0:34:31 > 0:34:32I said, "I'm not...!
0:34:32 > 0:34:35"I just walked into the pool and it's filled with water."
0:34:35 > 0:34:37He said, "I'll show you."
0:34:37 > 0:34:39So he took it, so he put it on.
0:34:39 > 0:34:42I had some pleasure in screwing it down...
0:34:42 > 0:34:44I said, "Go on in there."
0:34:44 > 0:34:47He went in there, he came out quicker than me!
0:34:47 > 0:34:49He took it off and said, "There must be a fault!"
0:34:49 > 0:34:51I said, "Well, thank you very much."
0:34:51 > 0:34:56So we then quietly decided that actually we wouldn't use it.
0:34:56 > 0:34:59Of course, when you're filming in the great outdoors,
0:34:59 > 0:35:04even with sometimes the most hi-tech equipment, as we've just heard,
0:35:04 > 0:35:06things don't always go to plan.
0:35:06 > 0:35:09Because this snow is not white...
0:35:13 > 0:35:16HE LAUGHS
0:35:16 > 0:35:20Red and black venom lack.
0:35:20 > 0:35:24Red and yellow... And I get out of the way.
0:35:26 > 0:35:30The volcanoes of today are mere feeble flickers...
0:35:31 > 0:35:34HE LAUGHS
0:35:35 > 0:35:38The influence of this continent is global.
0:35:38 > 0:35:40What happens here matters.
0:35:43 > 0:35:46This is the first time I've ever known you do that.
0:35:46 > 0:35:47LAUGHTER
0:35:47 > 0:35:53They reunite once they come back here onto their own patch...
0:35:53 > 0:35:55patch of shingle.
0:35:55 > 0:35:58It's so effective that even a rich woodland like this
0:35:58 > 0:36:00can seem totally devoid of birds.
0:36:00 > 0:36:02AEROPLANE FLIES OVERHEAD
0:36:02 > 0:36:06But that, that's a completely different sound.
0:36:06 > 0:36:07That's an aeroplane.
0:36:09 > 0:36:11He is...
0:36:11 > 0:36:13so charged up,
0:36:13 > 0:36:14this being the breeding season,
0:36:14 > 0:36:19that he will display to almost anything, including me!
0:36:19 > 0:36:21HE LAUGHS
0:36:21 > 0:36:22Now, now.
0:36:22 > 0:36:23This surely...
0:36:23 > 0:36:26BIRD SQUAWKS
0:36:27 > 0:36:29This surely is what...
0:36:29 > 0:36:32BIRDS CAW
0:36:32 > 0:36:36..when he came to allocate a scientific name to this bird,
0:36:36 > 0:36:37called it...
0:36:37 > 0:36:38BIRD CAWS
0:36:38 > 0:36:40"Woo-hoo!" Ha-ha.
0:36:40 > 0:36:42Paradisaea apoda.
0:36:43 > 0:36:44APPLAUSE
0:36:52 > 0:36:54David, let's take a little look now at a really...
0:36:54 > 0:36:56a very touching moment.
0:36:56 > 0:36:59It was filmed just a few years ago for the series Africa.
0:36:59 > 0:37:01- You met this little baby rhino called Nicky...- Baby rhino.
0:37:01 > 0:37:03..you'll remember, of course.
0:37:03 > 0:37:06And what was remarkable about this little rhino
0:37:06 > 0:37:08is that he was blind.
0:37:10 > 0:37:12But just as we think we are finishing,
0:37:12 > 0:37:14someone won't let us go.
0:37:17 > 0:37:18Hello, little fellow.
0:37:20 > 0:37:25He starts to squeak and we are able to have a little chat.
0:37:25 > 0:37:28- RHINO SQUEAKS - Oh!
0:37:28 > 0:37:30HE IMITATES THE RHINO
0:37:40 > 0:37:43Thinking about it, he has got a black world, hasn't he?
0:37:43 > 0:37:47And he's got smell and he's got sound,
0:37:47 > 0:37:50so he's more likely to be responding to sound
0:37:50 > 0:37:52if he hasn't got the vision.
0:37:52 > 0:37:55And he's just inquisitive, I suppose.
0:37:55 > 0:37:56Are you coming back?
0:37:57 > 0:37:59THEY SQUEAK
0:38:08 > 0:38:10APPLAUSE
0:38:14 > 0:38:16Just remarkable. Well, joining us in the studio now
0:38:16 > 0:38:19from the Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in Kenya,
0:38:19 > 0:38:21where those moments were filmed, is Sarah Watson.
0:38:21 > 0:38:22Sarah, welcome.
0:38:22 > 0:38:25APPLAUSE
0:38:26 > 0:38:28Tell us a little bit about
0:38:28 > 0:38:31this remarkable little creature's background, about Nicky.
0:38:31 > 0:38:34Well, he is blind and we realised that he was...
0:38:34 > 0:38:38Black rhino, quite early on, when they are about one or two weeks old,
0:38:38 > 0:38:41are meant to follow their mothers out and about in the bush
0:38:41 > 0:38:42but he wasn't doing that.
0:38:42 > 0:38:45So it was at that point we thought, actually, we've got to bring him in.
0:38:45 > 0:38:48So the guys brought him in, and I've got a big boma at the back
0:38:48 > 0:38:52of my house where these rhino live and he became part of the family.
0:38:52 > 0:38:54We got him when he was three-and-a-half months old
0:38:54 > 0:38:57and, yeah, he's still with us. He is now three-and-a-half.
0:38:57 > 0:39:01David, so much of the programming that you make is so meticulously
0:39:01 > 0:39:05planned - it has to be by virtue of the scale and the complexity of it.
0:39:05 > 0:39:08And yet it is so often those moments,
0:39:08 > 0:39:12the moments that just seem to unfold and that you are so capable
0:39:12 > 0:39:17of taking us on this little journey through this moment of magic.
0:39:17 > 0:39:20Watching that, the whole thing feels remarkably emotional to me
0:39:20 > 0:39:22and I'm just watching it on TV.
0:39:22 > 0:39:26When you were there doing it, are your emotions involved
0:39:26 > 0:39:28when you're filming something like that?
0:39:28 > 0:39:31Oh, well, that is such an endearing little creature
0:39:31 > 0:39:37and the fact that he couldn't see brought out a sympathy in one,
0:39:37 > 0:39:39and then he suddenly started talking to me.
0:39:39 > 0:39:42He had a long chat, yeah.
0:39:42 > 0:39:45I'm not absolutely sure of what I said or what he said in reply.
0:39:45 > 0:39:48But you actually took the words out of my mouth,
0:39:48 > 0:39:51because can you speak rhino?
0:39:51 > 0:39:52So, you were just chatting.
0:39:52 > 0:39:55- Yes, I was just responding to his noise.- Shooting the breeze.
0:39:55 > 0:39:57But a charming creature, really lovely.
0:39:57 > 0:40:02I wonder what you think is the most important factor in protecting
0:40:02 > 0:40:04endangered species like Nicky the rhino,
0:40:04 > 0:40:07and actually, endangered species more generally.
0:40:07 > 0:40:09What should our approach be?
0:40:10 > 0:40:15Well, the rhinos, as you say, is a special problem
0:40:15 > 0:40:19because of poaching, and poaching is a huge problem worldwide.
0:40:19 > 0:40:24So we have to develop a sympathy for the natural world everywhere.
0:40:24 > 0:40:28And actually, I think that's one of the things that television can do,
0:40:28 > 0:40:30that natural-history programmes can do.
0:40:30 > 0:40:32I mean, it's a bizarre thing, isn't it?
0:40:32 > 0:40:35There are more people living on Earth today than
0:40:35 > 0:40:38there have ever been in the history of the universe.
0:40:38 > 0:40:42I mean, there are three times more many people on this planet now
0:40:42 > 0:40:45than when I started making those programmes back in the '50s.
0:40:45 > 0:40:48And they all need places to live and so on, of course they do,
0:40:48 > 0:40:51but if we go on increasing at that sort of rate,
0:40:51 > 0:40:54there won't be any wilderness left.
0:40:54 > 0:40:57And there are other creatures on the Earth
0:40:57 > 0:40:59that also call this planet home,
0:40:59 > 0:41:02and we have the responsibility for them.
0:41:02 > 0:41:05So what we have to do is to give them the space, to give them
0:41:05 > 0:41:10the natural reserves where they can flourish, which is their right.
0:41:10 > 0:41:13Sarah, you work hard at giving them the space and you were saying now
0:41:13 > 0:41:16that Nicky is a big, relatively healthy boy now.
0:41:16 > 0:41:18- How is he getting on? - No, he's thriving.
0:41:18 > 0:41:20- He's an extraordinary animal. - There he is.
0:41:20 > 0:41:23I mean, I know I am biased, but a lot of it is because
0:41:23 > 0:41:26he is blind, but his other senses are very heightened.
0:41:26 > 0:41:30I mean, he knows my smell and he knows my voice and so he sees me.
0:41:30 > 0:41:32He basically rolls over a bit like a Labrador -
0:41:32 > 0:41:35he knows he's going to get de-ticked. He thinks it's heaven.
0:41:35 > 0:41:40But he represents one 5,000th of the remaining population
0:41:40 > 0:41:43of black rhino in the world, so his job is going to be an ambassador.
0:41:43 > 0:41:47And through people like David who, you know...
0:41:47 > 0:41:50The fact that everyone I know has seen that clip and I'm like,
0:41:50 > 0:41:51"Yeah, that's my rhino!"
0:41:53 > 0:41:57But if we can just get a little bit of the message out, it's a start.
0:41:57 > 0:41:58Sarah, thank you very much indeed
0:41:58 > 0:42:00- for joining us this evening. - Pleasure.
0:42:08 > 0:42:12Just before we move on, let's hear from another rather special
0:42:12 > 0:42:16conservationist who has been inspired by your work.
0:42:16 > 0:42:19David has been the single most important
0:42:19 > 0:42:23impact on my conservation thinking, and I used to love,
0:42:23 > 0:42:26and I still do, but when I was a young boy I used to love turning on
0:42:26 > 0:42:29the television and watching David's programmes
0:42:29 > 0:42:34and really feeling like I was either back out in Africa or I was
0:42:34 > 0:42:39learning about something magical and almost out of this planet.
0:42:39 > 0:42:41And there's something very calming
0:42:41 > 0:42:46and sort of warm about his programmes.
0:42:46 > 0:42:48There's something very reassuring about seeing
0:42:48 > 0:42:51David Attenborough on BBC One doing his documentaries.
0:42:51 > 0:42:55It is part of the national psyche now and he is a national treasure.
0:42:55 > 0:42:58And it's very fitting that he is having his 90th birthday
0:42:58 > 0:43:00only a few weeks after the Queen.
0:43:00 > 0:43:03I think they are two incredible national treasures who have
0:43:03 > 0:43:05done so much over the years.
0:43:05 > 0:43:08APPLAUSE
0:43:13 > 0:43:16So, His Royal Highness there talking so genuinely about turning on
0:43:16 > 0:43:19the telly when he was a little boy and seeing you there,
0:43:19 > 0:43:22and that is something that is familiar to all of us
0:43:22 > 0:43:23here in this audience.
0:43:23 > 0:43:26I'm interested, though, for you, when you were a little boy,
0:43:26 > 0:43:28what turned you on to natural history?
0:43:28 > 0:43:31Where did it begin for you?
0:43:31 > 0:43:32By and large there were two things.
0:43:32 > 0:43:35First of all, there was the Leicestershire countryside,
0:43:35 > 0:43:37which is where I grew up.
0:43:37 > 0:43:41And apart from that, there were wonderful books.
0:43:41 > 0:43:44One of the ones which I don't think anybody, or very few people,
0:43:44 > 0:43:48know about now, a man called Ernest Thompson Seton, who wrote...
0:43:48 > 0:43:53He was a ranger in the Canadian prairie and he wrote
0:43:53 > 0:43:54about the animals that he knew -
0:43:54 > 0:43:57the wolves and the buffalo and so on.
0:43:57 > 0:43:59And he drew - he was a good artist as well -
0:43:59 > 0:44:03he drew the little footprints down the margins, the side margins.
0:44:03 > 0:44:06I adored those books. Wept over them, too.
0:44:06 > 0:44:07And what about...?
0:44:07 > 0:44:10There you are, look at you in your little Fair Isle socks.
0:44:10 > 0:44:14What about the influence...? You're not still wearing them!
0:44:14 > 0:44:17What about the influence of your parents?
0:44:17 > 0:44:20Were they interested in the natural world?
0:44:20 > 0:44:22My father was a scholar, an academic,
0:44:22 > 0:44:26- and an expert on Anglo-Saxons. - Right.
0:44:26 > 0:44:30But he was also... He understood about education and
0:44:30 > 0:44:34he said to each of his three sons, you know,
0:44:34 > 0:44:38"What is it you want to do?", and when I said that I wanted to do
0:44:38 > 0:44:42something to do with animals, he didn't say... Or fossils.
0:44:42 > 0:44:46He didn't say, "Well, the name of that is this, that or the other."
0:44:46 > 0:44:48In any case, he didn't know.
0:44:48 > 0:44:49But what he did say was,
0:44:49 > 0:44:51"Look, there's ways of finding out about that.
0:44:51 > 0:44:54"You can go to the museum, they will tell you about that.
0:44:54 > 0:44:57"And there's some good books and you can read about that."
0:44:57 > 0:44:59And so he encouraged us to find out for ourselves.
0:44:59 > 0:45:031945, you won a place at Clare College, Cambridge
0:45:03 > 0:45:06to read geology and zoology.
0:45:06 > 0:45:08- Now, you got it on a scholarship. - Yes.
0:45:08 > 0:45:11That's a blinking big deal, when you get a scholarship.
0:45:11 > 0:45:14What do you remember of the moment of finding out?
0:45:14 > 0:45:16My father said, "Look, if you want to go to Cambridge,
0:45:16 > 0:45:21- "you have to get a scholarship, because I can't afford it."- Right.
0:45:21 > 0:45:24And so I worked pretty hard to try
0:45:24 > 0:45:28and get a scholarship which the colleges gave.
0:45:28 > 0:45:30And I remember...
0:45:30 > 0:45:33It was during the war and my father was a...
0:45:33 > 0:45:36I was digging an allotment, my father came running down
0:45:36 > 0:45:39from the house where we lived waving a telegram and saying,
0:45:39 > 0:45:42"You've got it, my son! You've got it!"
0:45:42 > 0:45:44- Remarkable. - Then I was off to Cambridge.
0:45:44 > 0:45:47When you were working on the natural-history programmes,
0:45:47 > 0:45:51it also became, did it not, something of a routine for you
0:45:51 > 0:45:54to bring your work home, not to put too fine a point on it?
0:45:54 > 0:45:56The house was full of animals, wasn't it?
0:45:56 > 0:45:58We had a whole host of different things,
0:45:58 > 0:46:00all of which wouldn't be allowed by law now.
0:46:00 > 0:46:04But I had lemurs, lungfish,
0:46:04 > 0:46:07parrots, hummingbirds - all sorts of things.
0:46:07 > 0:46:10One of my favourites was a little pair of bushbabies.
0:46:10 > 0:46:11- You know bushbabies?- Yes.
0:46:11 > 0:46:15They're like tiny little monkeys about that big, primitive monkeys.
0:46:15 > 0:46:17And what the male does in order to establish his home
0:46:17 > 0:46:19and make him feel good
0:46:19 > 0:46:23and think that we might produce some kids
0:46:23 > 0:46:25would be to pee on his hands.
0:46:25 > 0:46:27He would pee on his hands like that, you see,
0:46:27 > 0:46:31rub them together and then go all over the furniture
0:46:31 > 0:46:35and all up the walls as well as his hollow log and everything else...
0:46:35 > 0:46:38- Nice.- ..which gave a nice, homely atmosphere.
0:46:38 > 0:46:39LAUGHTER
0:46:39 > 0:46:44But then friends would come to dinner and I'd open the door
0:46:44 > 0:46:49and I'd see the wife of the friend's dilate her nostrils
0:46:49 > 0:46:51and, you know...
0:46:51 > 0:46:53"That is not mulligatawny soup."
0:46:55 > 0:46:57You know? And so a bit of a problem there.
0:46:57 > 0:47:02But in fact, I had, I think, about 14 births of these little babies.
0:47:02 > 0:47:03- Did you?- Oh, we did.
0:47:03 > 0:47:06And I'll tell you, a baby bushbaby...
0:47:06 > 0:47:07Oh!
0:47:08 > 0:47:10It's time now to welcome another guest.
0:47:10 > 0:47:14Joining us to share with us his own treasures of the natural world
0:47:14 > 0:47:17is a fellow passionate naturalist, conservationist
0:47:17 > 0:47:21and collector extraordinaire, it has to be said, David.
0:47:21 > 0:47:23Please welcome Chris Packham.
0:47:28 > 0:47:31Welcome, thanks for coming. Nice to see you.
0:47:36 > 0:47:39Chris, I said you were a collector extraordinaire.
0:47:39 > 0:47:40You've brought some treasures.
0:47:40 > 0:47:42- Show us one of the pieces. - Look at this.
0:47:42 > 0:47:44There is always a romance in these sorts of things.
0:47:44 > 0:47:49This is a fossil shark tooth, a megalodon tooth, which belonged
0:47:49 > 0:47:54to an extinct species now, many times the size of a great white.
0:47:54 > 0:47:59But when I handle that, I can't help but try and transport myself
0:47:59 > 0:48:03back in time to imagine the world that this animal was living in.
0:48:03 > 0:48:06And at the same time, look at... It's just perfect, isn't it?
0:48:06 > 0:48:08You run a finger along that serrated edge.
0:48:08 > 0:48:11- You've got to have that in your drawer, haven't you?- You have.
0:48:13 > 0:48:16- I was going to say, are you impressed?- You call that a...
0:48:16 > 0:48:18LAUGHTER
0:48:19 > 0:48:21APPLAUSE
0:48:26 > 0:48:29- I want it back.- OK.
0:48:29 > 0:48:31We won't mix them up - yours is cream, mine is black.
0:48:31 > 0:48:35- What a beauty, what a beautiful thing that is.- Amazing.
0:48:35 > 0:48:38But there is this competitive thing about collecting,
0:48:38 > 0:48:41- which we won't go into. - No. We don't need to!
0:48:41 > 0:48:43But I have got the biggest.
0:48:44 > 0:48:46I was going to say, boys will be boys.
0:48:48 > 0:48:51- Do you know what this is? - Let's have a look.
0:48:52 > 0:48:55Yeah, yeah, I do. I do know what it is, yeah.
0:48:55 > 0:48:57It has been inside a dinosaur.
0:48:57 > 0:48:59- It is a gastrolith, isn't it?- It is.
0:48:59 > 0:49:02So this is a stone which it swallowed.
0:49:02 > 0:49:05- I presume we don't know which species, but...- I do.- You do?
0:49:05 > 0:49:08It came from the carcass, did it?
0:49:08 > 0:49:10Don't know which species?!
0:49:10 > 0:49:12LAUGHTER
0:49:12 > 0:49:14How very dare you, Chris Packham!
0:49:14 > 0:49:17Well, yes, but we can't tell from the stone which species.
0:49:17 > 0:49:19- That's better. - But you'll know if you found it
0:49:19 > 0:49:22- in association with the rest of the fossil.- I did, I did.
0:49:22 > 0:49:25Go on, then. Don't tell me it's a T-rex gastrolith!
0:49:25 > 0:49:27- It's a Seismosaurus.- A Seismosaurus.
0:49:27 > 0:49:30A Seismosaurus, which at the time was the biggest known dinosaur.
0:49:30 > 0:49:33It isn't any more, of course, but at the time it was,
0:49:33 > 0:49:35and I went to the excavation.
0:49:35 > 0:49:38And you have this near-complete skeleton
0:49:38 > 0:49:43with the backbone and the ribs, and there between the ribs
0:49:43 > 0:49:48in the position of the stomach was like half a sackload of pebbles.
0:49:48 > 0:49:50But if you look at it, you can see
0:49:50 > 0:49:53that it's got an extremely high polish, hasn't it?
0:49:53 > 0:49:55It's beautifully polished and this was polished inside
0:49:55 > 0:49:58the gut of a giant dinosaur.
0:49:58 > 0:50:02I mean, there isn't anything better than that, is there?
0:50:02 > 0:50:04- There really isn't anything... - Hey, hey!
0:50:04 > 0:50:05LAUGHTER
0:50:05 > 0:50:09David, do tell me about this splendid thing here.
0:50:09 > 0:50:12Yes, I mean, I've got the biggest tooth there.
0:50:12 > 0:50:13HE CLEARS HIS THROAT
0:50:13 > 0:50:16And you haven't got a bigger bird's egg than that, have you?
0:50:16 > 0:50:18No, I haven't. And that one...
0:50:18 > 0:50:20I have seen many of these - that one is pretty good.
0:50:20 > 0:50:23It was broken but it's put together very well.
0:50:23 > 0:50:26In fact, let's just see the moments on film - it was captured -
0:50:26 > 0:50:30when you found this and put this egg together.
0:50:30 > 0:50:33The best method of starting seemed to be the same as you use
0:50:33 > 0:50:35when you begin on a jigsaw puzzle -
0:50:35 > 0:50:39to lay out everything face-up on the ground.
0:50:39 > 0:50:42To fasten them temporarily, I used adhesive tape.
0:50:44 > 0:50:48The egg began to appear even bigger than I had imagined.
0:50:50 > 0:50:53At the end of an hour, I had two halves.
0:50:56 > 0:50:59And to my joy, they fitted together perfectly.
0:51:00 > 0:51:01APPLAUSE
0:51:06 > 0:51:09All I have to do is say thank you for bringing
0:51:09 > 0:51:11your wonderful treasures. Chris Packham.
0:51:11 > 0:51:13APPLAUSE
0:51:17 > 0:51:20Well, probably one of the highest tributes for anyone
0:51:20 > 0:51:22working in the natural world is to have
0:51:22 > 0:51:24a newly discovered species named after them.
0:51:24 > 0:51:26In fact, David, I know you have
0:51:26 > 0:51:29quite a number already named after you.
0:51:29 > 0:51:32It's your birthday, so one of the world's foremost
0:51:32 > 0:51:36dragonfly experts wanted to give you a little gift.
0:51:36 > 0:51:39Here is Klaas-Douwe Dijkstra.
0:51:39 > 0:51:43On your 90th birthday, I want to wish you not only many more years
0:51:43 > 0:51:48of good health and of broadcasting, but I wish everyone more of you.
0:51:50 > 0:51:53And to thank you, I've named, together with colleagues,
0:51:53 > 0:51:55a dragonfly in your honour -
0:51:55 > 0:51:57Acisoma attenboroughi.
0:51:57 > 0:52:00Your new dragonfly is from Madagascar
0:52:00 > 0:52:06and I'm happy to report that your dragonfly is actually very common.
0:52:06 > 0:52:08Every farmer can find it in her paddy,
0:52:08 > 0:52:11every fisherman can see it in his pond,
0:52:11 > 0:52:14every schoolchild can find it in the yard.
0:52:14 > 0:52:17It simply is another one of those species that is unique
0:52:17 > 0:52:20but no-one noticed that it was.
0:52:20 > 0:52:23But now people can go out there and say,
0:52:23 > 0:52:26"Hey, look, that is Sir David's dragonfly."
0:52:26 > 0:52:28Thank you and happy birthday.
0:52:28 > 0:52:30- APPLAUSE - Very nice.
0:52:30 > 0:52:32And here it is.
0:52:35 > 0:52:38There it is, David, a very special little birthday gift -
0:52:38 > 0:52:40Acisoma attenboroughi. Rather beautiful.
0:52:40 > 0:52:43- Don't you think? - I think it's stunningly beautiful.
0:52:43 > 0:52:47Dragonflies are magical insects, aren't they?
0:52:47 > 0:52:51You know, they date back for 300 million years.
0:52:51 > 0:52:54- Just like that, yeah. - Extraordinary.- What a thrill.
0:52:54 > 0:52:57As we said when we began talking this evening,
0:52:57 > 0:52:59you are still filming all over the world.
0:52:59 > 0:53:02Indeed, you are doing Planet Earth II, which is a big new series.
0:53:02 > 0:53:06Well, Planet Earth II, when the idea was put up,
0:53:06 > 0:53:09people said, "You've done it all."
0:53:09 > 0:53:11But the fact is that when you really start researching,
0:53:11 > 0:53:14you find things that you haven't done at all
0:53:14 > 0:53:17- that are going to be thrilling, new and exciting.- Incredible.
0:53:17 > 0:53:19So, so much more of that to look forward to.
0:53:19 > 0:53:23We are almost out of time tonight but before we go,
0:53:23 > 0:53:26here are a few more happy-birthday messages.
0:53:26 > 0:53:30Sir David Attenborough, we love having you on the show,
0:53:30 > 0:53:34and beyond that, I'd just like to say thank you.
0:53:34 > 0:53:37Thank you for everything you have done on television over the years.
0:53:37 > 0:53:40You have really changed this country and given us
0:53:40 > 0:53:44such an extraordinary awareness of the world around us.
0:53:44 > 0:53:45Have a very happy birthday.
0:53:45 > 0:53:49Happy 90th birthday, David Attenborough.
0:53:49 > 0:53:51I've grown up watching your films
0:53:51 > 0:53:54and now my children have grown up watching your films
0:53:54 > 0:53:59and I'm very proud to have been on this Earth at the same time as you.
0:53:59 > 0:54:01Sir David, this is Sting behind this beard.
0:54:01 > 0:54:03I'm somewhere in the tundra.
0:54:03 > 0:54:06I've been a fan of yours since your search
0:54:06 > 0:54:08for the Komodo dragon, I think, in 1956.
0:54:08 > 0:54:11You have been an inspiration and a wonder to me.
0:54:11 > 0:54:13Happy birthday and many happy returns.
0:54:13 > 0:54:17Thank you so much for the many years of inspirational,
0:54:17 > 0:54:20motivational and ground-breaking television,
0:54:20 > 0:54:23for spurring me and millions of others
0:54:23 > 0:54:26to want to be better custodians of the planet.
0:54:26 > 0:54:29For me and the hundreds of thousands of other people who have been
0:54:29 > 0:54:32inspired to go out, buy a pair of jungle boots
0:54:32 > 0:54:35and some camouflage and maybe a blue shirt, thank you.
0:54:35 > 0:54:39Thank you so much for all you have given us and a very,
0:54:39 > 0:54:40very happy birthday.
0:54:41 > 0:54:44ALL: Happy birthday, David!
0:54:44 > 0:54:47From all of us here on the Springwatch team.
0:54:47 > 0:54:49You must pause to reflect on this special day
0:54:49 > 0:54:53on the incredible impact that you have had around the world.
0:54:53 > 0:54:56You are an absolute legend and have changed the face
0:54:56 > 0:54:58of conservation for the future.
0:54:58 > 0:55:02I wish you a very happy birthday on this milestone day.
0:55:02 > 0:55:03You are fantastic, you are such a hero.
0:55:03 > 0:55:07You have been such an inspiration, not only to all of us
0:55:07 > 0:55:09but more especially to me!
0:55:09 > 0:55:15You'll go on for ever, and I hope you do, because you are priceless.
0:55:15 > 0:55:17Happy birthday.
0:55:17 > 0:55:18APPLAUSE
0:55:27 > 0:55:31So, we know you keep making these extraordinary programmes
0:55:31 > 0:55:33that we all love so much, and thank goodness for that.
0:55:33 > 0:55:35You are not taking your foot off the gas.
0:55:35 > 0:55:40But I wonder - it's hard work, filming, it's really hard work -
0:55:40 > 0:55:43what is it that inspires you to get up every morning
0:55:43 > 0:55:44and go and work so hard?
0:55:44 > 0:55:48Making programmes is just huge fun.
0:55:48 > 0:55:52I mean, not only go to exciting places, do exciting things,
0:55:52 > 0:55:53you do it with pals.
0:55:53 > 0:55:56You do it with people, you know, who are a joy to work with.
0:55:56 > 0:56:01And making programmes is, as you know, very much a team thing
0:56:01 > 0:56:05and I feel constantly embarrassed about the amount of credit
0:56:05 > 0:56:08I get for the amount of work that many,
0:56:08 > 0:56:11many other people are actually, in fact, doing.
0:56:11 > 0:56:14So I've had a singularly, unbelievably fortunate time.
0:56:14 > 0:56:16I'm afraid I might embarrass you a little more,
0:56:16 > 0:56:19because I'm going to say on behalf of not just
0:56:19 > 0:56:22everybody in the studio but on behalf of everybody watching at home
0:56:22 > 0:56:26and the hundreds of millions of people around the world who love,
0:56:26 > 0:56:29from the bottom of their hearts, what you do,
0:56:29 > 0:56:31thank you for doing it and happy birthday.
0:56:31 > 0:56:33Thank you very much indeed.
0:56:33 > 0:56:34APPLAUSE
0:56:41 > 0:56:43CHEERING
0:56:47 > 0:56:49Thank you, thank you.
0:56:52 > 0:56:53Well, as a final treat tonight,
0:56:53 > 0:56:57taking time out from his hectic schedule touring his new album,
0:56:57 > 0:56:58Take Me To The Alley,
0:56:58 > 0:57:02and singing something that sums up the spirit of everything that
0:57:02 > 0:57:04David has devoted his life to,
0:57:04 > 0:57:08please welcome the brilliant Gregory Porter.
0:57:08 > 0:57:10APPLAUSE
0:57:16 > 0:57:21# I see trees of green
0:57:21 > 0:57:24# And red roses too
0:57:25 > 0:57:29# I'll watch them bloom
0:57:29 > 0:57:32# For me and you
0:57:32 > 0:57:35# And I think to myself
0:57:38 > 0:57:42# What a wonderful world
0:57:48 > 0:57:53# I see skies of blue
0:57:53 > 0:57:56# And clouds of white
0:57:58 > 0:58:01# The bright, blessed day
0:58:01 > 0:58:04# The dark, sacred night
0:58:05 > 0:58:08# And I think to myself
0:58:11 > 0:58:17# What a wonderful world
0:58:17 > 0:58:20# Oh
0:58:22 > 0:58:27# And I think to myself
0:58:29 > 0:58:37# What a wonderful world. #
0:58:45 > 0:58:47APPLAUSE
0:58:52 > 0:58:53Thank you very much!