0:00:02 > 0:00:04Music and monarchy.
0:00:04 > 0:00:07They're two of the most powerful words in the language,
0:00:07 > 0:00:13yet we seldom come across them together. We should.
0:00:13 > 0:00:14For the next hour,
0:00:14 > 0:00:17we'll be hearing some of our greatest music,
0:00:17 > 0:00:21performed by our finest instrumentalists and singers
0:00:21 > 0:00:25in the splendid historic locations for which it was first written.
0:00:27 > 0:00:30And it's all, one way or another, royal.
0:00:31 > 0:00:35Composed for a royal ceremony.
0:00:35 > 0:00:38Was performed by a king or queen.
0:00:38 > 0:00:42Even composed by one of the many talented musicians
0:00:42 > 0:00:44to have sat on the throne.
0:00:49 > 0:00:55We begin with the greatest, grandest piece of royal music of all -
0:00:55 > 0:00:58Handel's anthem, Zadok The Priest,
0:00:58 > 0:01:04composed by royal command for the coronation of George II in 1727.
0:01:05 > 0:01:07We hear it performed
0:01:07 > 0:01:10in the Coronation Theatre of Westminster Abbey,
0:01:10 > 0:01:11for which it was written
0:01:11 > 0:01:15and first performed almost 300 years ago.
0:02:34 > 0:02:40# Zadok the priest
0:02:40 > 0:02:48# And Nathan the prophet
0:02:48 > 0:02:52# Anointed
0:02:52 > 0:02:55# Solomon
0:02:55 > 0:03:00# King
0:03:02 > 0:03:07# And all the people rejoiced
0:03:08 > 0:03:09# Rejoiced
0:03:11 > 0:03:12# Rejoiced
0:03:12 > 0:03:17# And all the people rejoiced
0:03:19 > 0:03:20# Rejoiced
0:03:21 > 0:03:23# Rejoiced
0:03:24 > 0:03:25# Rejoiced
0:03:26 > 0:03:28# Rejoiced
0:03:29 > 0:03:30# Rejoiced
0:03:31 > 0:03:36# And all the people rejoiced
0:03:37 > 0:03:38# Rejoiced
0:03:40 > 0:03:42# Rejoiced
0:03:42 > 0:03:48# And said
0:03:48 > 0:03:51# God save the King
0:03:51 > 0:03:54# Long live the King
0:03:54 > 0:03:57# God save the King
0:03:57 > 0:04:02# May the King live for ever
0:04:02 > 0:04:04# Amen, amen, hallelujah
0:04:04 > 0:04:07# Hallelujah, amen
0:04:07 > 0:04:14# Ah
0:04:14 > 0:04:19# Amen, amen, amen, hallelujah
0:04:19 > 0:04:20# Amen
0:04:31 > 0:04:34# God save the King
0:04:34 > 0:04:37# Long live the King
0:04:37 > 0:04:41# May the King live for ever
0:04:41 > 0:04:44# Amen, amen, hallelujah
0:04:44 > 0:04:47# Hallelujah, amen
0:04:47 > 0:04:53# Ah
0:04:53 > 0:04:55# May the King live
0:04:55 > 0:04:59# May the King live for ever!
0:04:59 > 0:05:01# For ever! For ever!
0:05:01 > 0:05:04# Amen, amen, hallelujah
0:05:04 > 0:05:06# Hallelujah, amen
0:05:06 > 0:05:11# Ah
0:05:11 > 0:05:12# Amen
0:05:13 > 0:05:19# Hallelujah, hallelujah, amen
0:05:19 > 0:05:20# Amen, amen
0:05:21 > 0:05:23# Amen, amen
0:05:24 > 0:05:28# Hallelujah, hallelujah, hallelujah
0:05:28 > 0:05:29# Amen!
0:05:34 > 0:05:36# Long live the King
0:05:36 > 0:05:39# God save the King
0:05:39 > 0:05:42# Long live the King
0:05:42 > 0:05:44# May the King live
0:05:44 > 0:05:49# May the King live for ever!
0:05:49 > 0:05:51# For ever! For ever!
0:05:51 > 0:05:54# Amen, amen, hallelujah
0:05:54 > 0:05:57# Hallelujah, amen
0:05:57 > 0:06:00# Ah
0:06:00 > 0:06:02# Amen, amen
0:06:02 > 0:06:09# Ah
0:06:09 > 0:06:11# Amen, amen
0:06:11 > 0:06:14# Amen, hallelujah
0:06:14 > 0:06:15# Amen
0:06:15 > 0:06:18# Hallelujah, amen, amen
0:06:18 > 0:06:19# Hallelujah
0:06:19 > 0:06:29# Hallelujah! #
0:06:33 > 0:06:35If it weren't so damn difficult to sing,
0:06:35 > 0:06:40Zadok The Priest would surely be our national anthem.
0:06:40 > 0:06:43Indeed, for the first few decades after its composition,
0:06:43 > 0:06:45it actually functioned as such,
0:06:45 > 0:06:52appearing in concert programmes as "The Anthem, God Save The King".
0:06:52 > 0:06:54But the real God Save The King
0:06:54 > 0:06:57was born in very different circumstances.
0:06:57 > 0:07:03It is a product of crisis - the Jacobite revolt of 1745 -
0:07:03 > 0:07:09and not a royal ceremony of popular claim, and not a royal commission.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14Even the tune is a kind of folk melody -
0:07:14 > 0:07:17the sort of thing that was used for the congregational
0:07:17 > 0:07:22singing of Psalms, that was then the staple of English church music.
0:07:22 > 0:07:26Granted, it's not the most exciting tune in the world.
0:07:26 > 0:07:29We leave that kind of thing to the French.
0:07:29 > 0:07:32But at least it's easy to sing
0:07:32 > 0:07:37and it is the world's first national anthem.
0:07:37 > 0:07:41# God bless our noble King
0:07:41 > 0:07:45# God said great George the King
0:07:45 > 0:07:50# God save the King
0:07:50 > 0:07:54# God bless our noble King
0:07:54 > 0:07:58# God save great George, our King
0:07:58 > 0:08:03# God save the King
0:08:03 > 0:08:07# Send him victorious
0:08:07 > 0:08:11# Happy and glorious
0:08:11 > 0:08:16# Long to reign over us
0:08:16 > 0:08:20# God save the King
0:08:20 > 0:08:25# Send him victorious
0:08:25 > 0:08:29# Happy and glorious
0:08:29 > 0:08:33# Long to reign over us
0:08:33 > 0:08:38# God save the King
0:08:39 > 0:08:43# Oh, Lord our God, arise
0:08:43 > 0:08:47# Scatter his enemies
0:08:47 > 0:08:52# And make them fall
0:08:52 > 0:08:56# Oh, Lord our God, arise
0:08:56 > 0:09:00# Scatter his enemies
0:09:00 > 0:09:05# And make them fall
0:09:05 > 0:09:09# Confound their politics
0:09:09 > 0:09:13# Frustrate their knavish tricks
0:09:13 > 0:09:17# On him or hopes we fix
0:09:17 > 0:09:22# God save us all
0:09:22 > 0:09:26# Confound their politics
0:09:26 > 0:09:31# Frustrate their knavish tricks
0:09:31 > 0:09:35# On him or hopes we fix
0:09:35 > 0:09:43# God save us all. #
0:09:45 > 0:09:47Both Zadok The Priest
0:09:47 > 0:09:52and God Save The King are big music for big occasions.
0:09:52 > 0:09:56But that's only one end of the spectrum of royal music.
0:09:56 > 0:09:58At the other, is music composed
0:09:58 > 0:10:02for the personal pleasure of the sovereign
0:10:02 > 0:10:06or for specific court occasions like royal birthdays.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10This is music as a bouquet of flowers.
0:10:10 > 0:10:15It is beautiful and it was intended as fleeting.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18But here are three such pieces that,
0:10:18 > 0:10:21thanks to the genius of their composers,
0:10:21 > 0:10:23Purcell, Dowland and Handel,
0:10:23 > 0:10:26have transcended the long-forgotten occasions
0:10:26 > 0:10:29for which they were first written.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32For who cares about or who remembers
0:10:32 > 0:10:36the return of Charles II from Windsor to Whitehall,
0:10:36 > 0:10:40that sickly love cult of Queen Elizabeth I,
0:10:40 > 0:10:43or Queen Anne's birthday?
0:10:43 > 0:10:48But who could forget the music?
0:10:48 > 0:10:52Especially Handel's Eternal Source Of Light Divine,
0:10:52 > 0:10:55the last piece of the three.
0:10:55 > 0:10:56# Welcome
0:10:57 > 0:10:59# Welcome
0:10:59 > 0:11:05# Welcome Viceregent of the Mighty King
0:11:05 > 0:11:07# That made and governs
0:11:07 > 0:11:12# And governs everything
0:11:15 > 0:11:18# Welcome from rural pleasures
0:11:18 > 0:11:23# From rural pleasures
0:11:23 > 0:11:26# To the busy throne
0:11:26 > 0:11:31# In this head city, this imperial town
0:11:31 > 0:11:36# The seat and centre of the crown
0:11:36 > 0:11:38# Welcome
0:11:38 > 0:11:44# Welcome to the seat and centre of the crown
0:11:44 > 0:11:45# Welcome
0:11:45 > 0:11:52# Welcome to the seat and centre of the crown. #
0:11:57 > 0:12:01# Say, Love, if ever thou didst find
0:12:01 > 0:12:04# A woman with a constant mind
0:12:04 > 0:12:07# None but one
0:12:07 > 0:12:11# And what should that rare mirror be
0:12:11 > 0:12:14# Some goddess or some queen is she
0:12:14 > 0:12:17# She, she, she
0:12:17 > 0:12:20# She, she, she and only she
0:12:20 > 0:12:27# She only queen of love and beauty
0:12:28 > 0:12:31# But could thy fiery poison'd dart
0:12:31 > 0:12:35# At no time touch her spotless heart
0:12:35 > 0:12:38# Nor come near
0:12:38 > 0:12:41# She is not subject to love's bow
0:12:41 > 0:12:45# Her eye commands, her heart saith no
0:12:45 > 0:12:47# No, no, no
0:12:47 > 0:12:51# No, no, no and only no
0:12:51 > 0:12:56# One no, another still doth follow
0:12:57 > 0:13:01# How might I that fair wonder know
0:13:01 > 0:13:05# That mocks desire with endless no
0:13:05 > 0:13:06# See the moon
0:13:08 > 0:13:11# That ever in one change doth grow
0:13:11 > 0:13:15# Yet still the same and she is so
0:13:15 > 0:13:16# So, so, so
0:13:16 > 0:13:21# So, so, so and only so
0:13:21 > 0:13:27# From heaven her virtue she doth borrow
0:13:28 > 0:13:32# To her then yield thy shafts and bow
0:13:32 > 0:13:36# That can command affection so
0:13:36 > 0:13:38# Love is free
0:13:39 > 0:13:42# So are her thoughts that vanquish thee
0:13:42 > 0:13:46# There is no queen of love but she
0:13:46 > 0:13:48# She, she, she
0:13:48 > 0:13:52# She, she, she and only she
0:13:52 > 0:13:59# She only queen of love and beauty. #
0:14:02 > 0:14:28# Eternal
0:14:28 > 0:14:34# Source
0:14:54 > 0:15:16# Eternal
0:15:16 > 0:15:19# Source
0:15:19 > 0:15:26# Of love
0:15:26 > 0:15:34# Divine
0:15:37 > 0:15:43# With double warmth
0:15:43 > 0:15:48# Thy beams display
0:15:56 > 0:16:05# With double warmth thy beams display
0:16:05 > 0:16:12# And with distinguished glory shine
0:16:13 > 0:16:23# And with distinguished glory shine
0:16:23 > 0:16:31# To add a lustre
0:16:31 > 0:16:37# To this day. #
0:16:41 > 0:16:47A coronation, when the Church clothes the nakedness of royal power and makes it sacred.
0:16:47 > 0:16:52There's always been an opportunity for grand musical display.
0:16:52 > 0:16:58Originally, the music was strictly segregated into the sacred and the profane.
0:16:58 > 0:17:01Drums and trumpets to signify royal power,
0:17:01 > 0:17:05choirs and organs to accompany the religious ritual.
0:17:05 > 0:17:11It took the genius of Handel to combine the two in his coronation anthems.
0:17:11 > 0:17:15We've already heard his Zadok The Priest.
0:17:15 > 0:17:19Now, we're about to hear one of the very few works able to stand
0:17:19 > 0:17:23comparison with it - Hubert Parry's I Was Glad.
0:17:23 > 0:17:27Originally written for the coronation of Edward VII in 1902,
0:17:27 > 0:17:33and extensively reworked for that of George V in 1911.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35Parry not only writes in the fanfares
0:17:35 > 0:17:42of the traditional acclamation of "Vivat, Vivat Rex" by the boys of Westminster School.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46He even paces the music to match the length of time
0:17:46 > 0:17:50that it takes to process along the nave, through the screen
0:17:50 > 0:17:55and the choir of Westminster Abbey, where we hear the piece performed.
0:17:55 > 0:17:59It's followed by two other coronation anthems.
0:18:02 > 0:18:07# I was glad
0:18:07 > 0:18:13# Glad when they said unto me
0:18:13 > 0:18:15# We will go
0:18:15 > 0:18:19# We will go
0:18:20 > 0:18:24# We will go
0:18:24 > 0:18:32# Into the house of the Lord
0:18:37 > 0:18:41# Our feet shall stand in thy gates
0:18:41 > 0:18:47- # Our feet shall stand in thy gates - O Jerusalem
0:18:47 > 0:18:50# Stand in thy gates
0:18:50 > 0:18:54# Our feet shall stand
0:18:54 > 0:18:57# Our feet shall stand
0:18:57 > 0:19:01# Shall stand in thy gates
0:19:01 > 0:19:04# Shall stand in thy gates
0:19:04 > 0:19:08# Our feet shall stand
0:19:08 > 0:19:14# Our feet shall stand
0:19:14 > 0:19:16# In thy gates
0:19:16 > 0:19:26# O Jerusalem
0:19:31 > 0:19:38# Jerusalem is built
0:19:38 > 0:19:46# Is built as a city
0:19:46 > 0:19:52# Is built as a city
0:19:52 > 0:19:55# That is at unity
0:19:55 > 0:20:10# That is at unity with itself
0:21:01 > 0:21:06# Vivat Regina!
0:21:08 > 0:21:13# Vivat Regina Elizabetha!
0:21:15 > 0:21:16# Vivat!
0:21:16 > 0:21:18# Vivat!
0:21:18 > 0:21:19# Vivat!
0:21:21 > 0:21:27# Vivat Regina!
0:21:29 > 0:21:35# Vivat Regina Elizabetha!
0:21:38 > 0:21:39# Vivat!
0:21:39 > 0:21:42# Vivat!
0:21:42 > 0:21:44# Vivat!
0:21:44 > 0:21:47# Vivat!
0:22:17 > 0:22:27# O pray for the peace of Jerusalem
0:22:27 > 0:22:36# They shall prosper that love thee
0:22:36 > 0:22:38# They shall prosper that love thee
0:22:38 > 0:22:45# Pray for the peace of Jerusalem
0:22:45 > 0:22:49# They shall prosper that love thee
0:22:49 > 0:23:00# They shall prosper that love thee
0:23:07 > 0:23:11# Peace
0:23:15 > 0:23:23# Peace be within they walls
0:23:23 > 0:23:27# And plenteousness
0:23:27 > 0:23:29# Plenteousness
0:23:29 > 0:23:35# And plenteousness
0:23:35 > 0:23:42# Plenteousness within thy palaces
0:23:42 > 0:23:46# And plenteousness
0:23:46 > 0:23:56# Within thy palaces. #
0:24:22 > 0:24:27# She shall be brought unto the King
0:24:27 > 0:24:30# In raiment of needlework
0:24:32 > 0:24:35# She shall be brought unto the King
0:24:35 > 0:24:40# In raiment of needlework
0:24:41 > 0:24:44# She shall be brought unto the King
0:24:46 > 0:24:49# In raiment of needlework
0:24:50 > 0:24:53# The virgins that follow her
0:24:53 > 0:24:56# The virgins that follow
0:24:56 > 0:25:00# The virgins that follow her
0:25:00 > 0:25:05# The virgins shall bear her company
0:25:06 > 0:25:08# With joy and gladness
0:25:08 > 0:25:09# Joy and gladness
0:25:09 > 0:25:12# With joy and gladness
0:25:12 > 0:25:14# With joy and gladness
0:25:14 > 0:25:17# Shall they be brought
0:25:17 > 0:25:22# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:25:22 > 0:25:25# Joy and gladness
0:25:25 > 0:25:29# With joy and gladness
0:25:29 > 0:25:32# Shall they be brought
0:25:32 > 0:25:37# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:25:38 > 0:25:43# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:25:44 > 0:25:47# And shall enter, shall enter
0:25:47 > 0:25:52# Into the King's palace, into the King's palace
0:25:53 > 0:25:57# With joy and gladness shall they be brought
0:25:59 > 0:26:03# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:26:10 > 0:26:15# With joy and gladness, with joy and gladness
0:26:15 > 0:26:20# Shall they, shall they be brought
0:26:25 > 0:26:31# With joy and gladness, with joy and gladness
0:26:31 > 0:26:33# Shall they be brought
0:26:36 > 0:26:40# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:26:41 > 0:26:46# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:26:47 > 0:26:50# And shall enter, shall enter
0:26:50 > 0:26:53# Into the King's palace
0:26:53 > 0:26:59# And shall enter, shall enter into the King's palace
0:26:59 > 0:27:05# Into the King's palace. #
0:27:08 > 0:27:12# O Lord, grant the King
0:27:12 > 0:27:15# A long life
0:27:15 > 0:27:19# That his years may endure
0:27:19 > 0:27:24# Throughout all generations
0:27:26 > 0:27:32# He shall dwell before God for ever
0:27:34 > 0:27:40# O prepare thy loving mercy
0:27:40 > 0:27:43# And faithfulness
0:27:44 > 0:27:48# That they may preserve him
0:27:49 > 0:27:53# That they may preserve him
0:27:54 > 0:27:57# As for his enemies
0:27:59 > 0:28:01# Clothe them with shame
0:28:03 > 0:28:10# But upon himself let his crown flourish
0:28:11 > 0:28:15# But upon himself
0:28:15 > 0:28:19# Let his crown flourish
0:28:21 > 0:28:26# Hallelujah, hallelujah, hallelujah
0:28:27 > 0:28:30# Hallelujah, hallelujah
0:28:30 > 0:28:33# Hallelujah
0:28:34 > 0:28:39# Hallelujah, hallelujah, hallelujah
0:28:39 > 0:28:40# Hallelujah
0:28:42 > 0:28:45# Hallelujah. #
0:28:52 > 0:28:56The enriched musical language with drums, trumpets
0:28:56 > 0:28:59and majestic massed choruses,
0:28:59 > 0:29:02which Handel had devised for his coronation anthems,
0:29:02 > 0:29:08was re-used 20 years later by the English Sacred Oratorios.
0:29:08 > 0:29:12These draw on the same rich source of the King James Bible,
0:29:12 > 0:29:17but to tell the story of God's chosen people.
0:29:17 > 0:29:20That is, of course, the English and their kings.
0:29:20 > 0:29:25So, now we hear Arm, Arm Ye Brave from Judas Maccabaeus
0:29:25 > 0:29:29which celebrates the Duke of Cumberland's crushing victory
0:29:29 > 0:29:32over the Jacobite revolt whose nervous first moments
0:29:32 > 0:29:35had spawned God Save The King.
0:29:35 > 0:29:40It's followed by Thanks Be To God from Mendelssohn's Elijah
0:29:40 > 0:29:44in which another German and favourite royal composer
0:29:44 > 0:29:51revived the oratorio in the religious and imperial high noon of Victorian England.
0:29:56 > 0:29:59# Arm, arm ye brave
0:30:00 > 0:30:02# Arm, arm ye brave
0:30:02 > 0:30:04# A noble cause
0:30:06 > 0:30:11# Arm, arm, arm, arm ye brave
0:30:11 > 0:30:14# Arm, arm, arm, arm ye brave
0:30:14 > 0:30:17# A noble cause
0:30:17 > 0:30:21# The cause of Heav'n your zeal demands
0:30:21 > 0:30:23# A noble cause
0:30:23 > 0:30:25# Arm, arm ye brave
0:30:25 > 0:30:27# A noble cause
0:30:27 > 0:30:31# The cause of Heav'n your zeal demands
0:30:33 > 0:30:35# Your zeal
0:30:35 > 0:30:42# The cause of Heav'n your zeal demands
0:30:53 > 0:30:56# In defence of your nation Religion and laws
0:30:56 > 0:31:01# The Almighty Jehovah will strengthen your hands
0:31:03 > 0:31:07# In defence of your nation
0:31:07 > 0:31:11# Religion and laws
0:31:11 > 0:31:15# The Almighty Jehovah
0:31:15 > 0:31:22# Will strengthen
0:31:22 > 0:31:29# The Almighty Jehovah
0:31:29 > 0:31:34# Will strengthen
0:31:34 > 0:31:38# Your hands
0:31:40 > 0:31:44# Arm, arm, arm, arm ye brave
0:31:44 > 0:31:46# A noble cause
0:31:46 > 0:31:50# The cause of Heav'n your zeal demands
0:31:50 > 0:31:53# A noble cause
0:31:53 > 0:31:55# Arm, arm ye brave
0:31:55 > 0:31:57# Arm ye brave
0:31:57 > 0:32:05# The cause of Heav'n your zeal demands. #
0:32:05 > 0:32:12- # But the Lord- But the Lord - But the Lord- But the Lord
0:32:12 > 0:32:18# Is above them and Almighty
0:32:18 > 0:32:23- # Thanks be to God- Thanks be to God - Thanks be to God
0:32:23 > 0:32:26# He laveth the thirsty land
0:32:26 > 0:32:29# The stormy billows are high
0:32:29 > 0:32:32# Their fury is mighty
0:32:34 > 0:32:40- # But my Lord- But my Lord - But my Lord- But my Lord
0:32:40 > 0:32:46# Is above them and Almighty
0:32:46 > 0:32:50# But the Lord
0:32:50 > 0:32:54- # But the Lord- But the Lord - But the Lord
0:32:54 > 0:33:00# But the Lord is above them
0:33:00 > 0:33:02# And Almighty
0:33:02 > 0:33:05- # Thanks be to God - Thanks be to God
0:33:05 > 0:33:08# He laveth the thirsty land
0:33:08 > 0:33:12# Thanks be to God
0:33:12 > 0:33:15- # He laveth the thirsty land - Thanks be to God
0:33:15 > 0:33:19# Thanks be to God
0:33:19 > 0:33:25# He laveth the thirsty land
0:33:25 > 0:33:28# Thanks be to God
0:33:28 > 0:33:31# Thanks be to God
0:33:31 > 0:33:35# Thanks be to God
0:33:35 > 0:33:38# Thanks be to God
0:33:38 > 0:33:42# The waters gather, they rush along
0:33:42 > 0:33:45# The waters gather, they rush along
0:33:45 > 0:33:48# They rush along, they rush along
0:33:51 > 0:33:54# Thanks be to God
0:33:54 > 0:33:58# He laveth the thirsty land
0:33:58 > 0:34:01# Thanks be to God
0:34:01 > 0:34:13# He laveth the thirsty land. #
0:34:16 > 0:34:19But monarchs didn't only listen to music.
0:34:19 > 0:34:23Two of our queens, Queen Elizabeth I and Victoria,
0:34:23 > 0:34:26were both skilled musical performers.
0:34:26 > 0:34:29And two kings were composers.
0:34:29 > 0:34:32One of them we have all heard of.
0:34:32 > 0:34:35Henry VIII did not write Greensleeves
0:34:35 > 0:34:38but he did write Pastime With Good Company
0:34:38 > 0:34:41which was top of the Tudor pops,
0:34:41 > 0:34:45and quoted by trendy Tudor vicars in their sermons.
0:34:45 > 0:34:49But the real surprise is King Henry V who found time
0:34:49 > 0:34:54to spare from conquering France to compose settings of the mass.
0:34:54 > 0:34:56Or rather, because they pleased God,
0:34:56 > 0:34:59he thought that his musical compositions
0:34:59 > 0:35:02actually helped him to conquer France.
0:35:02 > 0:35:06But probably the best royal composer of all was Prince Albert,
0:35:06 > 0:35:09the consort of Queen Victoria, who,
0:35:09 > 0:35:12unlike his fellow Germans in England,
0:35:12 > 0:35:14set music in his own language
0:35:14 > 0:35:21which Victoria was also able to speak and sing like a native.
0:35:21 > 0:35:25# Pastime with good company
0:35:25 > 0:35:29# I love and shall until I die
0:35:29 > 0:35:33# Grudge who likes, but none deny
0:35:33 > 0:35:37# So God be pleased, thus live will I
0:35:37 > 0:35:41# For my pastance, hunt, sing, and dance
0:35:41 > 0:35:44# My heart is set!
0:35:44 > 0:35:48# All goodly sport for my comfort
0:35:48 > 0:35:51# Who shall me let?
0:35:51 > 0:35:55# Youth must have some dalliance
0:35:55 > 0:36:00# Of good or ill, some pastance
0:36:00 > 0:36:04# Company me thinks then best
0:36:04 > 0:36:08# All thoughts and fancies to digest
0:36:08 > 0:36:10For idleness
0:36:10 > 0:36:12# Is chief mistress
0:36:12 > 0:36:14# Of vices all
0:36:14 > 0:36:16# Then who can say
0:36:16 > 0:36:18# But mirth and play
0:36:18 > 0:36:22# Is best of all?
0:36:22 > 0:36:26# Company with honesty
0:36:26 > 0:36:30# Is virtue vices to flee
0:36:30 > 0:36:34# Company is good and ill
0:36:34 > 0:36:38# But every man has his free will
0:36:38 > 0:36:41# The best ensue
0:36:41 > 0:36:43# The worst eschew
0:36:43 > 0:36:45# My mind shall be
0:36:45 > 0:36:47# Virtue to use
0:36:47 > 0:36:49# Vice to refuse
0:36:49 > 0:36:55# Thus shall I use me! #
0:36:56 > 0:37:05# Gloria in excelsis Deo
0:37:05 > 0:37:10# Et in terra
0:37:10 > 0:37:15# Pax hominibus
0:37:15 > 0:37:24# Bonae voluntatis
0:37:24 > 0:37:31# Laudamus te
0:37:31 > 0:37:42# Et benedicimus te
0:37:42 > 0:37:50# Adoramus te, glorificamus te
0:37:50 > 0:37:58# Gratias agimus tibi
0:37:58 > 0:38:08# Propter magnam gloriam tuam. #
0:38:24 > 0:38:30# Fand ich doch auf ird'scher Flur
0:38:30 > 0:38:38# Fand ich doch die Liebe nur
0:38:38 > 0:38:43# Die ich liebend denke
0:38:43 > 0:38:49# Dass in sie der irre Geist
0:38:49 > 0:38:56# Der sich wild durch Welten reist
0:38:56 > 0:39:04# Liebevoll versanke
0:39:04 > 0:39:12# Liebevoll versanke
0:39:24 > 0:39:30# Oder nur ein teures Bild
0:39:30 > 0:39:37# Das aus Himmelschonen mild
0:39:38 > 0:39:43# Mir sich nieder neigte
0:39:43 > 0:39:50# Auf den Pfad von ihm erhellt
0:39:50 > 0:39:57# Aufwarts aus der dunklen Welt
0:39:57 > 0:40:05# Meinen Flug mir zeigte
0:40:05 > 0:40:14# Meinen Flug mir zeigte. #
0:40:20 > 0:40:26The musicality of monarchs was one element in the story of royal music.
0:40:26 > 0:40:28The other was the Chapel Royal.
0:40:29 > 0:40:34From its re-foundation under that musically minded military genius Henry V,
0:40:34 > 0:40:37the Chapel Royal not only provided the lavish round of services
0:40:37 > 0:40:41that were the backbone of court ceremonial,
0:40:41 > 0:40:44it was also the largest, the best paid
0:40:44 > 0:40:49and the most distinguished group of musicians in the country.
0:40:49 > 0:40:52The Chapel Royal reached its peak under that other great
0:40:52 > 0:40:56musically minded King, Henry VIII.
0:40:56 > 0:40:59We are going to hear the prayer for Henrico Octavo,
0:40:59 > 0:41:01by Robert Fayrfax.
0:41:01 > 0:41:04Fayrfax was one of Henry VIII's most distinguished
0:41:04 > 0:41:06gentlemen of the Chapel Royal.
0:41:06 > 0:41:10And the fantastic elaboration of the music is designed to give
0:41:10 > 0:41:14visiting diplomats something to write home about.
0:41:14 > 0:41:18But then, Henry VIII launched the Reformation
0:41:18 > 0:41:22and that threatened to destroy everything.
0:41:22 > 0:41:26For Protestants vehemently objected to elaborate church music
0:41:26 > 0:41:30because it distracted from the pure Word of God
0:41:30 > 0:41:33and stopped people from understanding it.
0:41:33 > 0:41:37Only the music-loving Elizabeth I saved something from the wreck.
0:41:37 > 0:41:42She protected the often Catholic composers and performers
0:41:42 > 0:41:45of the Chapel Royal from Protestant ravages
0:41:45 > 0:41:50which destroyed both choirs and church music everywhere else.
0:41:50 > 0:41:54Here we hear two of the most beautiful works in this fragile
0:41:54 > 0:41:58golden age of church music.
0:41:58 > 0:42:03Thomas Tallis's If You Love Me and William Byrd, Sing Joyfully.
0:42:04 > 0:42:11# Henrico Octavo
0:42:11 > 0:42:15# Inclito
0:42:15 > 0:42:21# Henrico Octavo
0:42:21 > 0:42:26# Inclito
0:42:26 > 0:42:32# Henrico Octavo
0:42:32 > 0:42:36# Inclito
0:42:36 > 0:42:44# Ac implora optanda
0:42:44 > 0:42:51# Illi semper dari
0:42:51 > 0:43:02# Gaudia nunc et tandem
0:43:02 > 0:43:13# Immarcessibilem
0:43:13 > 0:43:23# Gloriam. #
0:43:25 > 0:43:30# Sing joyfully
0:43:30 > 0:43:36# Unto God our strength
0:43:36 > 0:43:41# Unto God our strength
0:43:41 > 0:43:46# Unto God our strength
0:43:46 > 0:43:51# Sing loud, sing loud
0:43:51 > 0:44:01# Unto the God of Jacob
0:44:01 > 0:44:05# Take the song
0:44:05 > 0:44:07# Take the song
0:44:07 > 0:44:12# And bring forth the timbrel
0:44:12 > 0:44:16# And bring forth the timbrel
0:44:16 > 0:44:22# The pleasant harp and the viol
0:44:22 > 0:44:26# The pleasant harp and the viol
0:44:26 > 0:44:31# The pleasant harp and the viol
0:44:31 > 0:44:36# Blow the trumpet in the new moon!
0:44:36 > 0:44:39# Blow the trumpet in the new moon!
0:44:39 > 0:44:43# In the new moon!
0:44:43 > 0:44:51# Blow the trumpet in the new moon!
0:44:51 > 0:44:57# Even in the time appointed
0:44:57 > 0:45:03# Even in the time appointed
0:45:03 > 0:45:08# And at our feast day
0:45:08 > 0:45:12# And at our feast day
0:45:12 > 0:45:17# And at our feast day
0:45:17 > 0:45:23# For this is a statute
0:45:23 > 0:45:27# For Israel
0:45:27 > 0:45:32# And a law of the God of Jacob
0:45:32 > 0:45:36# The God of Jacob
0:45:36 > 0:45:41# And a law of the God of Jacob
0:45:41 > 0:45:45# And a law of the God of Jacob
0:45:45 > 0:45:53# And a law of the God of Jacob
0:45:53 > 0:46:11# And a law of the God of Jacob. #
0:46:14 > 0:46:21# If ye love me
0:46:21 > 0:46:26# Keep my commandments
0:46:26 > 0:46:32# And I will pray the Father
0:46:32 > 0:46:37# And I will pray the Father
0:46:37 > 0:46:45# And he shall give you another comforter
0:46:48 > 0:46:56# That he may bide with you for ever
0:46:57 > 0:47:03# That he may bide with you for ever
0:47:03 > 0:47:09# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:09 > 0:47:13# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:13 > 0:47:19# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:19 > 0:47:23# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:23 > 0:47:31# That he may bide with you for ever
0:47:31 > 0:47:38# That he may bide with you for ever
0:47:38 > 0:47:44# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:44 > 0:47:49# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:49 > 0:47:54# Ev'n the spirit of truth
0:47:54 > 0:48:01# Ev'n the spirit of truth. #
0:48:05 > 0:48:10The Chapel Royal had a final burst of glory after the Restoration,
0:48:10 > 0:48:14when it produced the last great English musical genius
0:48:14 > 0:48:16for most 200 years.
0:48:16 > 0:48:18Henry Purcell.
0:48:18 > 0:48:20But then the Glorious Revolution
0:48:20 > 0:48:26and the accession of that austere Dutch Calvinist, William III,
0:48:26 > 0:48:29put an end the Chapel Royal for ever
0:48:29 > 0:48:32as the centre of English musical life.
0:48:32 > 0:48:35It wasn't until almost 200 years later
0:48:35 > 0:48:40that another, similar national conservatoire entered British life
0:48:40 > 0:48:44in the form of the Royal College of Music.
0:48:44 > 0:48:49The College nurtured most of the best composers of more recent times
0:48:49 > 0:48:56and they repaid the debt by writing glorious, heart-wrenching melodies
0:48:56 > 0:49:01that were inspired by the still lively ideal of king and country.
0:49:02 > 0:49:05We hear two of the finest -
0:49:05 > 0:49:07Hubert Parry's Jerusalem
0:49:07 > 0:49:11and Gustav Holst's I Vow To Thee, My Country.
0:49:11 > 0:49:16Composed in the final, tormented years of the First World War,
0:49:16 > 0:49:21they've become definitive statements of our national identity.
0:49:32 > 0:49:38# And did those feet in ancient time
0:49:38 > 0:49:46# Walk upon England's mountains green?
0:49:46 > 0:49:53# And was the holy Lamb of God
0:49:53 > 0:50:00# On England's pleasant pastures seen?
0:50:00 > 0:50:06# And did the countenance divine
0:50:06 > 0:50:14# Shine forth upon our clouded hills?
0:50:14 > 0:50:21# And was Jerusalem builded here
0:50:21 > 0:50:28# Among these dark, satanic mills?
0:50:39 > 0:50:46# Bring me my bow of burning gold
0:50:46 > 0:50:53# Bring me my arrows of desire
0:50:53 > 0:50:56# Bring me my spear
0:50:56 > 0:51:00# O clouds, unfold
0:51:00 > 0:51:07# Bring me my chariot of fire
0:51:07 > 0:51:14# I will not cease from mental fight
0:51:14 > 0:51:21# Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand
0:51:21 > 0:51:28# Till we have built Jerusalem
0:51:28 > 0:51:36# In England's green and pleasant Land. #
0:51:52 > 0:51:57# I vow to thee, my country
0:51:57 > 0:52:02# All earthly things above
0:52:02 > 0:52:08# Entire and whole and perfect
0:52:08 > 0:52:13# The service of my love
0:52:13 > 0:52:18# The love that asks no question
0:52:18 > 0:52:23# The love that stands the test
0:52:23 > 0:52:28# That lays upon the altar
0:52:28 > 0:52:33# The dearest and the best
0:52:33 > 0:52:39# The love that never falters
0:52:39 > 0:52:44# The love that pays the price
0:52:44 > 0:52:49# The love that makes undaunted
0:52:49 > 0:52:55# The final sacrifice
0:52:57 > 0:53:02# And there's another country
0:53:02 > 0:53:07# I've heard of long ago
0:53:07 > 0:53:12# Most dear to them that love her
0:53:12 > 0:53:18# Most great to them that know
0:53:18 > 0:53:23# We may not count her armies
0:53:23 > 0:53:28# We may not see her King
0:53:28 > 0:53:33# Her fortress is a faithful heart
0:53:33 > 0:53:39# Her pride is suffering
0:53:39 > 0:53:44# And soul by soul and silently
0:53:44 > 0:53:50# Her shining bounds increase
0:53:50 > 0:53:55# And her ways are ways of gentleness
0:53:55 > 0:54:03# And all her paths are peace. #
0:54:07 > 0:54:12And we end with perhaps the most breathtaking piece of music of all,
0:54:12 > 0:54:16written by the German who gave England and her monarchy
0:54:16 > 0:54:19their most triumphant musical voice.
0:54:19 > 0:54:22Handel's Hallelujah Chorus.
0:54:30 > 0:54:34# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:54:34 > 0:54:39# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:54:39 > 0:54:44# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:54:44 > 0:54:49# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:54:49 > 0:54:56# For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth
0:54:56 > 0:55:01# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:55:01 > 0:55:08# For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth
0:55:08 > 0:55:13# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:55:13 > 0:55:20# For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth
0:55:20 > 0:55:24# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:55:24 > 0:55:27# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:55:27 > 0:55:32# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:55:32 > 0:55:37# For the Lord God omnipotent reigneth
0:55:37 > 0:55:40# Hallelujah!
0:55:42 > 0:55:49# The kingdom of this world
0:55:49 > 0:55:53# Is become
0:55:53 > 0:55:57# The kingdom of our Lord
0:55:57 > 0:56:02# And of His Christ And of His Christ
0:56:02 > 0:56:08# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:56:08 > 0:56:14# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:56:14 > 0:56:21# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:56:21 > 0:56:27# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:56:27 > 0:56:30# King of kings
0:56:30 > 0:56:32# For ever and ever
0:56:32 > 0:56:35# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:56:35 > 0:56:37# And Lord of lords
0:56:37 > 0:56:40# For ever and ever
0:56:40 > 0:56:42# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:56:42 > 0:56:45# King of kings
0:56:45 > 0:56:47# For ever and ever
0:56:47 > 0:56:49# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:56:49 > 0:56:52# And Lord of lords
0:56:52 > 0:56:54# For ever and ever
0:56:54 > 0:56:57# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:56:57 > 0:56:59# King of kings
0:56:59 > 0:57:02# For ever and ever
0:57:02 > 0:57:05# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:57:05 > 0:57:08# And Lord of lords
0:57:08 > 0:57:12# King of kings and Lord of lords
0:57:12 > 0:57:14# And He shall reign
0:57:14 > 0:57:16# And He shall reign
0:57:16 > 0:57:19# And He shall reign
0:57:19 > 0:57:25# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:57:25 > 0:57:27# King of kings
0:57:27 > 0:57:29# For ever and ever
0:57:29 > 0:57:32# And Lord of lords
0:57:32 > 0:57:34# Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:57:34 > 0:57:42# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:57:42 > 0:57:44# King of kings
0:57:44 > 0:57:47# And Lord of lords
0:57:47 > 0:57:49# King of kings
0:57:49 > 0:57:52# And Lord of lords
0:57:52 > 0:57:59# And He shall reign for ever and ever
0:57:59 > 0:58:04- # For ever and ever and ever and ever - King of kings and Lord of lords
0:58:04 > 0:58:08# Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah! Hallelujah!
0:58:10 > 0:58:18# Hallelujah! #
0:58:24 > 0:58:32# Amen
0:58:37 > 0:58:42# Amen
0:58:42 > 0:59:00# Amen. #