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0:00:36 > 0:00:39- Welcome to my classical journey.
0:00:39 > 0:00:42- Today we're departing Helsinki - for Yorkshire.
0:00:42 > 0:00:45- The county in northern England...
0:00:45 > 0:00:49- ..is renowned for its peaks, - vales, beer, cheese, cricket...
0:00:50 > 0:00:54- ..and folk music, not forgetting - the good old Yorkshire pudding.
0:01:01 > 0:01:04- The scenery - is among the best in England.
0:01:05 > 0:01:08- The effects - of the Industrial Revolution...
0:01:08 > 0:01:13- ..are still visible today in cities - such as Leeds, Bradford and Hull...
0:01:14 > 0:01:16- ..which were commercial centres.
0:01:17 > 0:01:19- These days, the tourist industry...
0:01:20 > 0:01:22- ..contributes greatly - to the local economy.
0:01:23 > 0:01:26- It is rich in history - from the Celtic era onwards...
0:01:27 > 0:01:31- ..until the demise of the coal, - steel and weaving industries.
0:01:36 > 0:01:41- Yorkshire has also contributed to - the arts, including classical music.
0:01:42 > 0:01:44- Delius was born in Bradford - 150 years ago.
0:01:45 > 0:01:46- More about him later...
0:01:47 > 0:01:51- ..but first, we shall discover more - about a famous Yorkshire family.
0:01:51 > 0:01:55- Haworth is - a stereotypical Yorkshire village...
0:01:55 > 0:02:00- ..made famous by its association - with the Bronte sisters.
0:02:00 > 0:02:04- Their father, Patrick, - was a vicar here in 1820.
0:02:04 > 0:02:08- It is a sad fact - that he outlived his children.
0:02:08 > 0:02:12- It was here that Charlotte, - Anne and Emily Jane lived...
0:02:12 > 0:02:15- ..and wrote some of - the most famous English novels.
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- Since they were daughters - of a vicar, they used pseudonyms.
0:02:22 > 0:02:26- Views such as these inspired - Charlotte to write Jane Eyre...
0:02:26 > 0:02:29- ..and Emily, Wuthering Heights.
0:02:30 > 0:02:34- As well as their novels, - they also penned poetry and plays...
0:02:34 > 0:02:36- ..and were gifted artists.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- This is where it all happened.
0:02:39 > 0:02:44- The parsonage is where they lived - with their father, Patrick...
0:02:44 > 0:02:47- ..until his death in 1861, aged 84.
0:02:47 > 0:02:50- It was here - that they wrote their novels.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53- It has become a famous setting - in English literature.
0:02:54 > 0:02:58- Attending church on a Sunday was - an important ritual for the Brontes.
0:02:59 > 0:03:02- All that remains - of the building is the tower.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06- The vicar - who succeeded Patrick Bronte...
0:03:06 > 0:03:08- ..insisted - that the church be rebuilt.
0:03:08 > 0:03:12- It is a significant place - in the Brontes' history...
0:03:12 > 0:03:16- ..since Emily, Charlotte and Patrick - are buried in a family grave.
0:03:17 > 0:03:20- The graveyard dates back to 1645.
0:03:21 > 0:03:25- Two centuries later and more than - 40% of Haworth's children...
0:03:25 > 0:03:30- ..died before their sixth birthday - due to squalid conditions.
0:03:33 > 0:03:35- The graveyard may appear small...
0:03:36 > 0:03:38- ..but 40,000 people are buried here.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49- One of Haworth's ancient buildings - is Old Hall...
0:03:49 > 0:03:52- ..which dates back - to Henry VIII's reign.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55- It was known as - the Manor House to the Brontes...
0:03:56 > 0:03:58- ..who organized village events here.
0:04:06 > 0:04:09- With plenty of coal - and fast-flowing water...
0:04:10 > 0:04:14- ..Yorkshire was prepared for - the Industrial Revolution.
0:04:14 > 0:04:18- By the mid-19th century, - there were 38 mills in Bradford...
0:04:18 > 0:04:21- ..as well as 70 more - in the locality.
0:04:21 > 0:04:25- Two thirds of Britain's wool - was manufactured in Bradford.
0:04:26 > 0:04:28- It became - the world's textile capital.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31- This is Cartwright Hall...
0:04:31 > 0:04:35- ..a purpose-built art gallery - built from industry profits.
0:04:35 > 0:04:40- Samuel Lister, one of the city's - richest men, donated the paintings.
0:04:40 > 0:04:42- He was also responsible...
0:04:43 > 0:04:46- ..for presenting Bradford - with its myriad parks.
0:04:54 > 0:04:59- Lister owned the largest mill in - Bradford, which employed thousands.
0:04:59 > 0:05:02- The industry was revolutionized...
0:05:02 > 0:05:04- ..by the Lister nip comb...
0:05:04 > 0:05:09- ..which separated and straightened - the wool into yarn for weaving.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13- Prior to this invention, - it was dirty work done by hand.
0:05:13 > 0:05:18- The gallery is named after - the Honourable Edmund Cartwright...
0:05:18 > 0:05:21- ..the inventor - of the first power loom in 1785.
0:05:22 > 0:05:25- The invention replaced the need - for a large workforce.
0:05:26 > 0:05:31- This, in turn, led to the workers - striking and rioting in some towns.
0:05:31 > 0:05:34- The Industrial Revolution - was underway.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47- This is the striking statue - in Bradford's Exchange Square...
0:05:47 > 0:05:49- ..built as a memorial to Delius.
0:05:50 > 0:05:54- Behind the statue are buildings - which serve as a reminder...
0:05:54 > 0:05:57- ..of the city's - thriving industrial past.
0:05:57 > 0:06:02- Remnants of the old industries - are housed in an impressive museum.
0:06:02 > 0:06:06- Remarkably, all the machinery - is still in working order...
0:06:06 > 0:06:09- ..and is testament - to the grandeur of the past.
0:06:15 > 0:06:18- Fittingly, the museum - is housed in Moorside Mills...
0:06:19 > 0:06:24- ..erected as - a worsted spinning mill in 1875.
0:06:29 > 0:06:33- Inventive machinery - led to the Industrial Revolution.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37- They succeeded in harnessing - hydro and steam power...
0:06:38 > 0:06:42- ..to produce much more - than had previously been produced.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45- The machinery required - a specialist workforce.
0:06:45 > 0:06:47- In the first half of the 18thC...
0:06:48 > 0:06:52- ..Bradford's population rose from - 6,000 to more than 100,000.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56- But its evolution - came with few benefits.
0:06:56 > 0:06:59- Blake was right to call them - 'dark Satanic Mills'...
0:07:00 > 0:07:03- ..since working conditions - were abominable.
0:07:04 > 0:07:06- These classic cars - are the Jowetts...
0:07:06 > 0:07:11- ..reminding us that Britain once - led the way in the motor industry.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15- The first Jowett was - manufactured in Bradford in 1901.
0:07:15 > 0:07:18- The company - produced machinery engines...
0:07:19 > 0:07:22- ..before it manufactured - cars and vans.
0:07:22 > 0:07:25- The company folded in 1955.
0:07:25 > 0:07:30- The prosperous printing industry - also flourished in Bradford.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34- It is here, - in the printing gallery...
0:07:34 > 0:07:38- ..that you'll find - 19th-century printing machinery.
0:07:38 > 0:07:41- It is still in working order.
0:07:43 > 0:07:46- For me, this is the star attraction.
0:07:46 > 0:07:50- It is a loom weaving - Bradford's famous worsted wool.
0:07:50 > 0:07:54- It remains in situ - where it first functioned.
0:07:54 > 0:07:57- It is a wonderful example - of living history.
0:08:00 > 0:08:03- This is how a museum should be...
0:08:03 > 0:08:07- ..giving a true reflection - of how things worked in the past.
0:08:09 > 0:08:14- Bolling Hall is another museum - tracing Bradford's social history.
0:08:15 > 0:08:18- This is the baby grand on which - Delius practised as a child.
0:08:20 > 0:08:24- It was one of the few items salvaged - from his old home in Claremont.
0:08:25 > 0:08:29- Very little has survived - from Delius's time in Bradford.
0:08:29 > 0:08:32- Bolling Hall - takes us back to the 14th century.
0:08:32 > 0:08:36- It was the Royalists' headquarters - during the Civil War...
0:08:36 > 0:08:41- ..which is strange, since the rest - of Bradford supported Cromwell.
0:08:41 > 0:08:45- Delius's family hailed from - the old city of Bielefeld...
0:08:45 > 0:08:48- ..between Dortmund - and Hanover in Germany.
0:08:48 > 0:08:50- It was a family of merchants.
0:08:51 > 0:08:55- In 1840, three of the brothers - moved to the north of England...
0:08:55 > 0:08:58- ..eager to make their fortune - in the woollen mills.
0:08:59 > 0:09:02- The middle brother, Julius, - succeeded.
0:09:02 > 0:09:07- He married and raised his family in - a large house in a wealthy suburb.
0:09:07 > 0:09:10- It was in one of England's - industrial centres...
0:09:11 > 0:09:13- ..that the most creative...
0:09:13 > 0:09:16- ..and enigmatic - of European composers was born.
0:09:17 > 0:09:20- Delius's music - offers much diversity.
0:09:20 > 0:09:25- First-time listeners are surprised - by its originality and charm.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28- He was well thought of - among his contemporaries...
0:09:29 > 0:09:31- ..such as Edward Elgar - and Edvard Grieg.
0:09:32 > 0:09:36- Grieg became a lifelong friend, - as did Percy Grainger later on.
0:09:37 > 0:09:40- It was the conductor, - Sir Thomas Beecham...
0:09:40 > 0:09:45- ..who wrote that Delius, Grieg - and Grainger were well acquainted...
0:09:45 > 0:09:48- ..by their admiration - for one another.
0:09:48 > 0:09:51- Behind me - is the glorious Bradford Cathedral.
0:09:51 > 0:09:54- But when Delius - was christened here...
0:09:54 > 0:09:59- ..it was merely a parish church, - the Church of St Peter.
0:10:14 > 0:10:16- On 18 July, 1862...
0:10:17 > 0:10:20- ..Fritz Albert Theodore Delius - was christened here.
0:10:21 > 0:10:25- He was the second son of Julius - Frederick William and Elise Pauline.
0:10:26 > 0:10:29- Julius was a merchant, - by all accounts.
0:10:29 > 0:10:32- He and Elise raised 14 children...
0:10:32 > 0:10:35- ..of which four were boys - and 10 were girls.
0:10:35 > 0:10:40- The name, Delius, appears often - in the christening register.
0:10:40 > 0:10:44- We are fortunate to be able - to peruse the church's logs.
0:10:44 > 0:10:47- Delius's christening - is recorded here in 1862.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56- Parts of the church - date back to the 15th century...
0:10:56 > 0:11:01- ..though Christians worshipped here - as early as the seventh century.
0:11:01 > 0:11:04- This was Bradford's church - until the mid-18th century.
0:11:04 > 0:11:08- But as its population soared, - its importance grew.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11- Bradford evolved into a bishopric...
0:11:11 > 0:11:17- ..and the church became a cathedral - in 1919, and remains so to this day.
0:11:17 > 0:11:21- Delius is not the only famous name - associated with the cathedral...
0:11:22 > 0:11:26- ..but one thing's for sure, - his will never be forgotten.
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0:11:30 > 0:11:30- Subtitles
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0:11:37 > 0:11:39- Welcome back to Yorkshire.
0:11:40 > 0:11:43- Today we remember - the music of composer, Delius.
0:11:43 > 0:11:46- Behind me is where Delius was born.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49- There is a small - commemorative plaque on the wall.
0:11:50 > 0:11:53- I expected more since - he was such a remarkable composer.
0:11:54 > 0:11:56- The pub next door makes more noise!
0:11:58 > 0:12:03- The pub regularly provides - musical entertainment.
0:12:03 > 0:12:07- You won't hear much of Delius's work - but as an experimental composer...
0:12:07 > 0:12:11- ..I'm sure he would have approved!
0:12:11 > 0:12:14- The family lived here - for only a short time.
0:12:14 > 0:12:18- When Delius was still a baby, - they moved a few doors away.
0:12:18 > 0:12:21- That house - was demolished 50 years ago.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- Fritz, as he was called, - adored music.
0:12:25 > 0:12:27- He was naturally gifted.
0:12:27 > 0:12:32- Like other boys his age, he liked - cricket, horse riding and walking.
0:12:32 > 0:12:37- Like many composers, he took walks - to engage with his surroundings...
0:12:38 > 0:12:40- ..as much as to keep fit.
0:12:42 > 0:12:46- The young Fritz played cricket - in the park near his home.
0:12:47 > 0:12:49- This is Horton Park.
0:12:49 > 0:12:53- The rows of poplar trees - are a worthy memorial to him.
0:12:53 > 0:12:57- Delius struggled for recognition - as a classical composer.
0:12:57 > 0:13:00- It's little wonder - that back in the 1960s...
0:13:00 > 0:13:05- ..the city was reluctant to buy - the house in which he was born.
0:13:05 > 0:13:09- At the outbreak of WWI, Fritz - changed his name to Frederick.
0:13:09 > 0:13:13- The arrival of German - textile merchants in Bradford...
0:13:14 > 0:13:16- ..in the early 19thC - created an impact...
0:13:17 > 0:13:20- ..and contributed - to the city's social life.
0:13:20 > 0:13:24- This is the impressive warehouse - erected for Delius & Co...
0:13:25 > 0:13:27- ..and is testament - to Julius's success.
0:13:28 > 0:13:32- The company traded - in stuff and yarn.
0:13:32 > 0:13:36- Caspian House - has remained a commercial building.
0:13:36 > 0:13:41- They still refer to this part - of the city as Little Germany.
0:13:41 > 0:13:45- Julius was a wealthy businessman - and supporter of the arts...
0:13:46 > 0:13:48- ..especially music.
0:13:48 > 0:13:52- He helped to fund - Manchester's Halle Orchestra...
0:13:52 > 0:13:55- ..enabling them to perform - at St George's Hall.
0:13:56 > 0:14:00- With a cultured background, Delius's - love of music is no surprise.
0:14:08 > 0:14:12- The young Frederick learned to play - the violin and piano.
0:14:12 > 0:14:16- He wanted a future in music - rather than the woollen industry.
0:14:17 > 0:14:20- It was in this hall - with its incredible acoustics...
0:14:20 > 0:14:25- ..that he came to hear the music - of Beethoven, Schubert and Rossini.
0:14:25 > 0:14:27- Choral works were popular.
0:14:27 > 0:14:32- Handel's Messiah and Mendelssohn's - Elijah were obvious favourites.
0:14:38 > 0:14:43- Despite his love of music and his - talent as a violinist and pianist...
0:14:43 > 0:14:46- ..he was expected - to join the family business.
0:14:46 > 0:14:50- After leaving school, he was sent - to London for business training.
0:14:51 > 0:14:54- Shortly afterwards, he joined - the family business as a merchant.
0:14:55 > 0:14:57- His job involved travelling.
0:14:57 > 0:15:00- It was during a trip - to Sweden and Norway...
0:15:00 > 0:15:05- ..that he fell in love with - the striking Scandinavian landscape.
0:15:06 > 0:15:10- Although he was a successful - merchant for Delius & Co...
0:15:10 > 0:15:14- ..back in Bradford, - Frederick neglected his duties.
0:15:14 > 0:15:20- He lost the company business, so - they decided to send him elsewhere.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22- He ended up in Florida...
0:15:23 > 0:15:25- ..managing an orange plantation.
0:15:25 > 0:15:28- It was a failure - in terms of business...
0:15:28 > 0:15:32- ..but the plantation's folk - tradition made an impact on him.
0:15:32 > 0:15:36- His talents were nurtured - at the Leipzig Conservatory...
0:15:36 > 0:15:38- ..where he studied in 1886.
0:15:38 > 0:15:41- It was there - that he met Edvard Grieg.
0:15:42 > 0:15:47- Grieg struck up an instant rapport - with the composer from England.
0:15:48 > 0:15:51- Grieg encouraged him - to follow his calling.
0:15:51 > 0:15:55- He warned him not to mix - too many different influences.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59- Until Edvard's death in 1907...
0:15:59 > 0:16:04- ..Delius spent almost every summer - on walking holidays in Norway...
0:16:04 > 0:16:06- ..with Grieg's family.
0:16:08 > 0:16:13- Although he settled in France after - admitting he disliked Yorkshire...
0:16:13 > 0:16:19- ..the English countryside had a - profound influence on Delius' music.
0:16:19 > 0:16:24- Works such as On Hearing - The First Cuckoo In Spring...
0:16:24 > 0:16:27- ..Over The Hills And Far Away...
0:16:27 > 0:16:31- ..and North Country Sketches - are rooted in Yorkshire.
0:16:31 > 0:16:35- The first 20 years of the 20thC - were halcyon days...
0:16:35 > 0:16:38- ..in terms of - his composing and popularity.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41- Brigg Fair was a firm favourite.
0:16:41 > 0:16:46- Percy Grainger had first encountered - the folk song in Lincolnshire.
0:16:46 > 0:16:49- He allowed Delius - to write its variations...
0:16:49 > 0:16:52- ..which he did very successfully.
0:16:53 > 0:16:57- Grainger and Delius had similar - ideas in terms of composing.
0:16:57 > 0:17:01- It was through Delius's - relationship with Thomas Beecham...
0:17:02 > 0:17:04- ..that he was introduced - to Grainger.
0:17:04 > 0:17:08- The conductor brought much publicity - to Grainger's work.
0:17:08 > 0:17:12- The last decade - of Delius's life was unhappy.
0:17:12 > 0:17:16- He was unable to work - due to paralysis and blindness...
0:17:16 > 0:17:20- ..although he managed to complete - Grainger's unfinished work.
0:17:21 > 0:17:24- In 1929, he was - the focus of a London festival...
0:17:24 > 0:17:28- ..in which six concerts - were staged in his honour.
0:17:29 > 0:17:32- Delius passed away on 10 June 1934.
0:17:32 > 0:17:37- A year later, he was buried - at Limpsfield parish church, Surrey.
0:17:37 > 0:17:42- He was back on English soil which - had influenced so much of his music.
0:17:44 > 0:17:46- Delius was certainly a romantic.
0:17:47 > 0:17:51- He was also a luminary in terms of - his harmonies and arrangements.
0:18:00 > 0:18:02- 150 years after his death...
0:18:02 > 0:18:07- ..Delius's music has the ability - to surprise and enchant.
0:18:17 > 0:18:20- When WWI was - ominously near to him in France...
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- ..Delius fled to - his favourite place, Norway...
0:18:24 > 0:18:27- ..while England's young composers - were called up.
0:18:27 > 0:18:31- Ralph Vaughan Williams - was an ambulance driver.
0:18:31 > 0:18:34- Gustav Holst - taught British soldiers music.
0:18:34 > 0:18:38- The multi-talented - George Butterworth was killed.
0:18:38 > 0:18:41- Born in 1885 in London...
0:18:41 > 0:18:44- ..George Butterworth - was rather old going to war.
0:18:44 > 0:18:49- He volunteered to serve in the 13th - Battalion Durham Light Infantry.
0:18:49 > 0:18:53- He was promoted to Lieutenant - and sent to France.
0:18:53 > 0:18:57- Before the War, Butterworth was - one of many English composers...
0:18:58 > 0:19:00- ..who were interested in folk music.
0:19:01 > 0:19:05- This mutual interest led him - to Ralph Vaughan Williams...
0:19:05 > 0:19:07- ..who became a close friend.
0:19:07 > 0:19:09- They collected folk songs.
0:19:10 > 0:19:13- Butterworth was one of the first - to record with a phonograph.
0:19:14 > 0:19:19- After being educated at Eton, Oxford - and the Royal College of Music...
0:19:19 > 0:19:23- ..George Butterworth became - a music critic for The Times...
0:19:23 > 0:19:27- ..and a music teacher - at Radley College in Oxfordshire.
0:19:28 > 0:19:32- His compositions were influenced - by the English countryside...
0:19:33 > 0:19:36- ..and its seasons, festivals, - customs and traditions.
0:19:39 > 0:19:42- Butterworth's most famous work...
0:19:42 > 0:19:47- ..are his settings based on AE - Housman's poetry, A Shropshire Lad.
0:19:48 > 0:19:52- The second in the series is - called Bredon Hill And Other Songs.
0:19:53 > 0:19:56- # In summertime on Bredon
0:19:56 > 0:20:00- # The bells, they sound so clear
0:20:00 > 0:20:03- # Round both the shires - they ring them
0:20:04 > 0:20:07- # In steeples far and near
0:20:07 > 0:20:12- # A happy noise to hear
0:20:21 > 0:20:27- # Here of a Sunday morning, - my love and I would lie
0:20:27 > 0:20:29- # And see the coloured... #
0:20:30 > 0:20:34- It's easy to see why the countryside - has inspired poets, authors...
0:20:34 > 0:20:36- ..artists and composers.
0:20:36 > 0:20:40- # Without us in the sky
0:20:46 > 0:20:50- # The bells would ring to call her #
0:20:50 > 0:20:55- Until the War, it seems that George - Butterworth was an innocent soul.
0:20:55 > 0:20:58- But on the frontline - of the Somme in June 1916...
0:20:58 > 0:21:04- ..he showed his strength as a leader - which nobody had realized before.
0:21:05 > 0:21:08- In July, he received - the Military Cross...
0:21:08 > 0:21:12- ..for continuing to lead his men - despite injury.
0:21:12 > 0:21:15- On 5 August, five weeks into - the Battle of the Somme...
0:21:16 > 0:21:19- ..Butterworth - was shot dead by a sniper.
0:21:25 > 0:21:29- It's apt that we end the series - here in Westminster Abbey...
0:21:29 > 0:21:32- ..near the grave - of The Unknown Warrior.
0:21:32 > 0:21:36- Butterworth's corpse - was never recovered...
0:21:36 > 0:21:41- ..from the fierce battle to capture - Munster Alley in the Somme in 1916.
0:21:42 > 0:21:45- Along with thousands - of other soldiers...
0:21:45 > 0:21:49- ..who died for their country, - he is honoured here.
0:21:49 > 0:21:52- His composition, - The Banks Of Green Willow...
0:21:52 > 0:21:56- ..became an anthem - for every unknown soldier.
0:22:25 > 0:22:28- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
0:22:28 > 0:22:29- .