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0:00:33 > 0:00:35- Hello, and welcome to Vienna.
0:00:35 > 0:00:39- I'm on a journey through - the history of classical music...
0:00:39 > 0:00:43- ..visiting the places where many - great composers lived and worked.
0:00:44 > 0:00:48- This is the city - of Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn...
0:00:48 > 0:00:52- ..Brahms, Mahler, Schubert - and Johann Strauss I and II.
0:00:53 > 0:00:55- Later in this programme...
0:00:56 > 0:01:00- ..we'll be heading for - Durnstein, Melk, Linz and Salzburg.
0:01:00 > 0:01:04- First, let's savour - some of the glories of Vienna.
0:01:11 > 0:01:13- The Vienna Boys Choir - is world renowned.
0:01:13 > 0:01:18- Over the centuries, they've worked - with the greatest composers.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21- Gluck, Mozart, Salieri, - Schubert and Bruckner.
0:01:21 > 0:01:23- Even I've sung with them!
0:01:23 > 0:01:26- As we can hear, - they're very talented boys.
0:01:49 > 0:01:50- There's so much to see.
0:01:51 > 0:01:54- You could stay for weeks in Vienna - without seeing it all.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59- It would take many days to follow - the history of classical music.
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- Let's see some of the highlights.
0:02:07 > 0:02:12- The local name for this museum - is the Danube Waltz House.
0:02:12 > 0:02:16- It gives you an idea - of the former resident's identity.
0:02:16 > 0:02:20- Johann Strauss Jr was a more - prolific composer than his father.
0:02:21 > 0:02:25- Known as the king of the Viennese - waltz, he composed more than that.
0:02:25 > 0:02:30- The opera Die Fledermaus is a - great example of this kind of music.
0:02:32 > 0:02:38- Strauss lived here with his - first wife, soloist Jetty Treffz...
0:02:38 > 0:02:41- ..from 1863 until her death, - 15 years later.
0:02:43 > 0:02:47- The Blue Danube is - the most famous waltz of all time.
0:02:47 > 0:02:50- This classic was composed - on this desk.
0:02:50 > 0:02:53- As you can see, - he stood up to compose.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02- After sailing down the Danube, - I can see a new meaning to it.
0:03:03 > 0:03:08- Let's enjoy the Blue Danube, - with the views that inspired it.
0:03:30 > 0:03:35- Strauss composed numerous pieces - of lively music.
0:03:35 > 0:03:38- His music was influenced - by the scenery of Vienna.
0:03:39 > 0:03:42- Tales From the Vienna Woods - is one such composition.
0:03:53 > 0:03:55- This golden statue, - in Stadtpark Vienna...
0:03:56 > 0:03:59- ..captures the gaiety - of Strauss's music.
0:03:59 > 0:04:03- During his lifetime, he wrote - over 400 waltzes and polkas...
0:04:03 > 0:04:05- ..and 14 operettas.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08- He managed the family orchestra too.
0:04:10 > 0:04:13- He was also known - for having a keen eye for the girls!
0:04:15 > 0:04:18- This is the Ringstrasse, - Vienna's circular road.
0:04:18 > 0:04:22- It caused much controversy - when it was built in the 1860s.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26- It replaced the city's - ancient walls and ditches.
0:04:30 > 0:04:34- Emperor Franz Joseph refused - to listen to the dissenting voices.
0:04:34 > 0:04:37- This was his wish - and his wish was granted.
0:04:38 > 0:04:42- In truth, Vienna wouldn't have - developed as a city without it.
0:04:43 > 0:04:47- The first building on the new - Ringstrasse was the opera house.
0:04:47 > 0:04:50- It was completed in 1869...
0:04:50 > 0:04:53- ..badly damaged - during the Second World War...
0:04:53 > 0:04:55- ..and rebuilt in 1955.
0:04:56 > 0:05:00- Today, it's one of Europe's - most exquisite opera houses.
0:05:06 > 0:05:08- It wasn't welcomed at the beginning.
0:05:08 > 0:05:10- Many people thought - it was too small.
0:05:11 > 0:05:15- For some time, the size of an opera - house reflected a city's importance.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19- The Italians, Germans, - French and Austrians...
0:05:19 > 0:05:22- ..tried to gain the upper hand - on each other.
0:05:23 > 0:05:28- The auditorium, the stage, - the props and the costumes...
0:05:28 > 0:05:31- ..were destroyed by fire - at the end of World War II...
0:05:32 > 0:05:34- ..when Americans bombed Vienna.
0:05:34 > 0:05:38- Enough of the building remained - standing to allow it to be rebuilt.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43- This opera house is linked to many - great names from classical music...
0:05:44 > 0:05:46- ..including Gustav Mahler...
0:05:46 > 0:05:49- ..a director here - for a decade from 1897.
0:05:49 > 0:05:53- He was followed by Herbert - von Karajan and Lorin Maazel.
0:05:56 > 0:06:00- The size of this opera house - takes your breath away.
0:06:00 > 0:06:03- There are 2,000 seats - and room for 500 to stand.
0:06:03 > 0:06:05- Standing tickets...
0:06:05 > 0:06:09- ..only go on sale just before - the start of performances.
0:06:09 > 0:06:11- They're always in great demand.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16- Members of the standing audience - are most vocal.
0:06:16 > 0:06:20- As a performer, you'll soon know - if they love you or loathe you!
0:06:25 > 0:06:29- Mozart travelled around Europe - when he was a young boy...
0:06:30 > 0:06:33- ..enchanting audiences - with his incredible talent.
0:06:34 > 0:06:38- His father had already seen - the commercial potential...
0:06:38 > 0:06:42- ..but he also thought - that his son had a God-given talent.
0:06:49 > 0:06:53- He returned to Vienna to become - a composer, teacher and performer...
0:06:53 > 0:06:58- ..after an unhappy period working - with the Archbishop of Salzburg.
0:06:58 > 0:07:01- He met Constanze - and they got married.
0:07:01 > 0:07:04- Together, they had a child, - Raimund Leopold.
0:07:21 > 0:07:24- The young couple - struggled financially.
0:07:24 > 0:07:28- Mozart accepted any work but didn't - always make the right decisions.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34- Despite this, - during his time in Vienna...
0:07:34 > 0:07:37- ..Mozart composed some - of his great piano concertos...
0:07:38 > 0:07:41- ..the six string quartets - dedicated to Haydn...
0:07:41 > 0:07:45- ..and Le Nozze di Figaro, - The Marriage Of Figaro.
0:07:51 > 0:07:55- There's no better way to get - to know the famous composers...
0:07:55 > 0:07:58- ..than by visiting the places - where they lived.
0:07:58 > 0:08:02- Mozart once lived here, - with his wife, Constanze.
0:08:02 > 0:08:05- He composed - some of his greatest works here.
0:08:48 > 0:08:51- He made enough money at the time...
0:08:51 > 0:08:55- ..to afford to live - on the first floor of this building.
0:08:55 > 0:08:59- It hasn't changed much since - Mozart composed his masterpieces.
0:08:59 > 0:09:03- He composed The Marriage Of Figaro - in this house.
0:09:03 > 0:09:05- This place is teeming with history.
0:09:10 > 0:09:15- Mozart, the giant many regard as - the greatest composer of them all.
0:09:15 > 0:09:17- Here he is, in all his glory.
0:09:19 > 0:09:22- Mozart would be shocked to know - that he's still so famous...
0:09:22 > 0:09:25- ..over 200 years after his death.
0:09:25 > 0:09:28- He'd also be surprised at the - many places that include his name...
0:09:29 > 0:09:31- ..such as the Mozart Cafe.
0:09:31 > 0:09:35- The original coffee room here dates - back to two years after his death.
0:09:38 > 0:09:42- You can't visit Vienna without - tasting its famous coffee and cake.
0:09:53 > 0:09:57- It's hard to believe that the man - who composed so much music...
0:09:57 > 0:10:00- ..died in Vienna - without a penny to his name...
0:10:01 > 0:10:04- ..questioning his life's work.
0:10:06 > 0:10:10- He was buried in a pauper's grave - outside the city.
0:10:11 > 0:10:14- It's a very popular attraction - in Vienna.
0:10:46 > 0:10:50- If we needed more evidence - that Vienna is the city of music...
0:10:50 > 0:10:53- ..we only have to visit - the city's central cemetery.
0:10:54 > 0:10:57- This is where many composers - were laid to rest.
0:10:57 > 0:11:00- Strauss and Brahms are over there. - Beethoven's behind me.
0:11:01 > 0:11:03- And here, next door, Franz Schubert.
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0:11:21 > 0:11:25- Franz Schubert was one of the stars - of Vienna's society.
0:11:25 > 0:11:29- By the time he was 31, the good life - had got the better of him...
0:11:30 > 0:11:32- ..and a huge talent was lost.
0:11:33 > 0:11:37- Franz Schubert was born here, - in January 1797.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40- He was the 12th of 14 children.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44- His home looks the same now - as it did then.
0:11:53 > 0:11:55- This special collection - of his work...
0:11:56 > 0:12:00- ..the manuscripts, photographs - and everyday items Schubert used...
0:12:00 > 0:12:04- ..and his characteristic spectacles, - show us what he was like.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08- He was popular, talented - and believed in pleasure.
0:12:08 > 0:12:10- He was the pop star of his day.
0:12:10 > 0:12:16- # Ave
0:12:17 > 0:12:22- # Maria #
0:12:22 > 0:12:27- I feel privileged to be in the room - where Schubert composed Ave Maria.
0:12:27 > 0:12:30- It's a composition - that means so much to me.
0:12:31 > 0:12:33- Schubert died in this room.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37- # Dominus tecum
0:12:38 > 0:12:42- # Benedicta... #
0:12:42 > 0:12:45- You can see some remarkable - buildings in Vienna's main square.
0:12:46 > 0:12:49- The centre point - is St Stephen's Cathedral.
0:12:53 > 0:12:57- The cathedral is a combination - of different architectural styles.
0:12:58 > 0:13:00- The towers are Romanesque - on one side...
0:13:00 > 0:13:02- ..while the main tower is gothic.
0:13:02 > 0:13:06- This tiled roof - includes a two-headed eagle...
0:13:06 > 0:13:09- ..from the Habsburg dynasty.
0:13:09 > 0:13:14- The roof was completely destroyed by - fire during the Second World War...
0:13:14 > 0:13:16- ..before being rebuilt.
0:13:16 > 0:13:20- Look at that roof. It contains - over 250,000 colourful tiles.
0:13:21 > 0:13:24- The gothic interior - is just as splendid.
0:13:24 > 0:13:28- Let's join the other tourists - and take a closer look.
0:13:34 > 0:13:37- Mozart married Constanze - in this cathedral.
0:13:37 > 0:13:40- Far too soon, - it's where her funeral was held.
0:13:40 > 0:13:44- This was also the venue - for Johann Strauss's wedding.
0:13:46 > 0:13:50- Many members of the Habsburg dynasty - are buried in the cathedral...
0:13:51 > 0:13:54- ..but this is the main attraction, - the stone pulpit.
0:13:54 > 0:13:59- It's right in the centre to enable - everyone to hear the priest.
0:13:59 > 0:14:02- Beethoven realized - he was profoundly deaf...
0:14:02 > 0:14:05- ..when he saw birds - flying from the bell tower.
0:14:06 > 0:14:09- He knew the bells were ringing - but he could hear nothing.
0:14:11 > 0:14:16- The Schonbrunn Palace was built - for the Habsburg family...
0:14:16 > 0:14:20- ..the family that ruled Austria - and its empire for 600 years.
0:14:20 > 0:14:24- The palace was purposely built - on the same scale as Versailles.
0:14:33 > 0:14:36- Mozart held a concert here - for the Royal Family.
0:14:36 > 0:14:39- He asked one of the princesses - to marry him.
0:14:39 > 0:14:43- She became prominent later as Marie - Antoinette. What happened to her?
0:14:45 > 0:14:48- Mozart performed - in the palace's mirror room...
0:14:49 > 0:14:52- ..and there are many - similar rooms inside.
0:14:53 > 0:14:54- There are around 1,400 rooms.
0:14:55 > 0:14:59- You can visit the royal rooms - to sample royal life as it was...
0:14:59 > 0:15:03- ..when the country and the treasury - belonged to the Habsburgs.
0:15:04 > 0:15:08- This is the orangery in Schonbrunn, - the largest in the world.
0:15:09 > 0:15:11- Today, concerts are held here...
0:15:11 > 0:15:15- ..which include Mozart - and Johann Strauss's work.
0:15:15 > 0:15:19- This is also where Mozart - held conducting contests...
0:15:20 > 0:15:22- ..with Antonio Salieri.
0:15:25 > 0:15:28- Our visit to Vienna is over.
0:15:28 > 0:15:31- We've been impressed - with what we've seen..
0:15:31 > 0:15:34- ..but it's time to sail away - on our musical journey.
0:15:35 > 0:15:39- We can see the old town - of Durnstein from our boat.
0:15:39 > 0:15:43- It nestles on the banks - of the Danube in the Wachau valley.
0:15:44 > 0:15:48- This is the first of the villages - and towns we'll visit...
0:15:48 > 0:15:50- ..as we travel through Austria.
0:15:51 > 0:15:54- As we see these pleasant views...
0:15:54 > 0:15:58- ..it's easy to see how so much music - was inspired by them.
0:15:58 > 0:16:03- This is the Wachau district and - the Danube flows down its valley.
0:16:04 > 0:16:07- One of the prominent landmarks - is Melk Abbey.
0:16:07 > 0:16:13- It's been here, in some shape - or form, since the 11th century.
0:16:13 > 0:16:17- This baroque abbey was constructed - in the 18th century...
0:16:17 > 0:16:19- ..and is huge.
0:16:22 > 0:16:26- From Melk, the view up to the abbey - gives us a better understanding...
0:16:26 > 0:16:29- ..of the sheer size of the building.
0:16:31 > 0:16:33- It's just as splendid on the inside.
0:16:34 > 0:16:37- The frescos were designed - by Johann Michael Rottmayr.
0:16:38 > 0:16:42- He was the first renowned - baroque artist in northern Europe.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- A remarkable characteristic - of the abbey is the library.
0:16:50 > 0:16:54- It's home to a vast collection - of medieval manuscripts...
0:16:54 > 0:16:56- ..including music manuscripts.
0:17:06 > 0:17:10- The Benedict abbey has stood here - for over 900 years.
0:17:10 > 0:17:15- It serves 23 parishes. 800 children - attend the abbey's school.
0:17:16 > 0:17:20- They commissioned - the best craftsmen and artists.
0:17:20 > 0:17:24- This work is considered one of - the best examples of baroque design.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30- The main altar is stunning...
0:17:30 > 0:17:33- ..made from Salzburg marble, - wood and gold.
0:17:34 > 0:17:38- Biblical characters - and two patron saints can be seen...
0:17:38 > 0:17:39- ..Peter and Paul.
0:17:42 > 0:17:46- In the abbey's gardens, - another piece of artwork.
0:17:46 > 0:17:49- They were designed - in the 18th century...
0:17:49 > 0:17:51- ..as a peaceful place for the monks.
0:17:54 > 0:17:55- Mozart visited the abbey twice...
0:17:56 > 0:17:59- ..both times during his travels - across Europe as a child.
0:17:59 > 0:18:06- Mozart's family visited Melk Abbey - in September 1767 and December 1768.
0:18:06 > 0:18:10- The first time, a young Wolfgang - played the organ...
0:18:10 > 0:18:13- ..and received great acclaim.
0:18:13 > 0:18:17- He had no fear of playing the organ - at the tender age of 11.
0:18:17 > 0:18:21- They still perform concerts - using the same organ.
0:18:23 > 0:18:27- On his first visit, - Mozart met Maximilian Stadler...
0:18:27 > 0:18:30- ..who was born in Melk.
0:18:30 > 0:18:34- He was a member of - the abbey's Benedictine community.
0:18:34 > 0:18:37- They became lifelong friends.
0:18:37 > 0:18:42- When Mozart died, Stadler catalogued - and filed his manuscripts.
0:18:42 > 0:18:45- Archiving is in the blood - if you're born in Melk!
0:18:47 > 0:18:52- We move on to the next city, - which has important musical links.
0:18:56 > 0:19:00- Here, along the wide rivers, - European civilization began.
0:19:01 > 0:19:05- The Romans had fortifications - along the Danube, Main and Rhine...
0:19:05 > 0:19:08- ..two rivers - we'll be visiting later.
0:19:09 > 0:19:12- People had settled here, - in strategic places, before that.
0:19:14 > 0:19:17- This is the story of life on water.
0:19:17 > 0:19:23- A journey through centuries of - commercial and cultural development.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28- The lessons of life's history - can be seen along these riverbanks.
0:19:31 > 0:19:33- As small towns and large cities.
0:19:33 > 0:19:36- Insignificant chapels, - fine churches.
0:19:36 > 0:19:40- Homes of the ordinary people - and lavish palaces.
0:19:48 > 0:19:52- A little further along the Danube, - we reach Linz...
0:19:53 > 0:19:56- ..another place - associated with Mozart.
0:19:57 > 0:19:59- It's Austria's third largest city...
0:19:59 > 0:20:04- ..and the capital of the state - of Upper Austria since 1490.
0:20:06 > 0:20:10- Mozart held his first public concert - here in 1762.
0:20:11 > 0:20:13- He was only six years old.
0:20:13 > 0:20:16- He was about to excel across Europe.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19- When he returned 20 years later - on his way to Vienna...
0:20:20 > 0:20:22- ..he was very famous.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25- The city organized a concert - to honour him.
0:20:25 > 0:20:30- In response, Mozart wrote - Symphony No.36 in four days.
0:20:32 > 0:20:35- It was later renamed - the Linz Symphony.
0:20:35 > 0:20:41- There is no better example of music - directly linked to its location.
0:20:45 > 0:20:48- This is where the symphony - was first performed.
0:20:49 > 0:20:52- Today, it remains - a busy centre for the arts.
0:20:59 > 0:21:01- This is the house - where Mozart stayed.
0:21:02 > 0:21:05- He was probably up into the early - hours writing the symphony.
0:21:06 > 0:21:09- It was built in the 16th century.
0:21:09 > 0:21:14- There's a bust of the composer - at the entrance gate.
0:21:19 > 0:21:22- Working here must have been - a pleasure...
0:21:22 > 0:21:24- ..since Linz is a beautiful city.
0:21:24 > 0:21:28- The centre of the old town - is a reminder of how it was...
0:21:29 > 0:21:32- ..when Wolfgang and Constanze - paid a visit.
0:21:44 > 0:21:48- Linz has strong links - with another notable composer.
0:21:48 > 0:21:52- Anton Bruckner played the organ - in the old cathedral.
0:21:52 > 0:21:57- He was also a music teacher - at the St Florian monastery nearby.
0:21:58 > 0:22:02- Bruckner was well respected - in this part of Austria.
0:22:02 > 0:22:06- He was known as God's musician. - His first major work was a mass.
0:22:12 > 0:22:14- Bruckner was most at home...
0:22:14 > 0:22:17- ..playing the organ in Vienna's - St Stephen's Cathedral...
0:22:18 > 0:22:19- ..and the Linz Cathedral.
0:22:20 > 0:22:24- This is no longer the city's main - cathedral but it's still popular.
0:22:26 > 0:22:30- The concert hall, built 40 years - ago, on the banks of the Danube...
0:22:31 > 0:22:32- ..looks very dramatic.
0:22:32 > 0:22:35- It's called Brucknerhaus, - in his memory.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39- Bruckner was an unassuming man - with simple tastes.
0:22:39 > 0:22:42- His music - has had a lasting effect on Linz.
0:22:42 > 0:22:46- Every year, - a festival is held in his honour.
0:22:48 > 0:22:52- Here's Sydney's Symphony Orchestra, - conducted by Simone Young...
0:22:52 > 0:22:55- ..performing Bruckner's - Symphony No.7.
0:23:07 > 0:23:11- Next time, our musical journey - continues here in Salzburg...
0:23:11 > 0:23:13- ..Mozart's birthplace.
0:23:14 > 0:23:16- We'll move on - to Germany and Amsterdam.
0:23:17 > 0:23:18- Join me then. Cheerio!
0:23:48 > 0:23:50- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.
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