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0:00:49 > 0:00:51- Hello, and thank you - for joining me...
0:00:51 > 0:00:55- ..on my journey - to classical music's key locations.
0:00:55 > 0:01:00- Today, I'm in Salzburg, - one of the world's loveliest cities.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02- It's a picture-postcard landscape.
0:01:23 > 0:01:27- This is the Kapuzinerberg, - one of Salzburg's three hills.
0:01:27 > 0:01:31- A medieval fortress once stood - where I'm now standing.
0:01:31 > 0:01:35- It's easy to see - why this location was so suitable.
0:01:38 > 0:01:43- It was built in 1630 - on Central Europe's largest edifice.
0:01:43 > 0:01:46- The local people were not pleased.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48- They had to pay much more - in taxes...
0:01:48 > 0:01:52- ..but it was value for money - and it has stood the test of time.
0:02:03 > 0:02:08- One of Salzburg's most famous sons - is Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
0:02:08 > 0:02:10- He was born here in 1756.
0:02:10 > 0:02:14- You can't go far in this city - without stumbling across him.
0:02:17 > 0:02:21- Mozart is a favourite composer - of mine, and I love his music.
0:02:22 > 0:02:27- This glorious place inspired him - and ignited his talent.
0:02:30 > 0:02:34- As a three-year-old, Mozart - experimented with piano harmonies.
0:02:35 > 0:02:37- A year later, - he was a master pianist.
0:02:37 > 0:02:39- He learned pieces in half an hour.
0:02:41 > 0:02:43- Salzburg started off well.
0:02:43 > 0:02:46- Its Roman founders - named it Iuvavum.
0:02:46 > 0:02:49- It was the administrative centre - for the province.
0:02:49 > 0:02:52- The name means - "seat of the Lord of Heaven".
0:02:52 > 0:02:55- And it is indeed a heavenly place.
0:02:59 > 0:03:01- A monastery was built here.
0:03:01 > 0:03:04- In time, the dukedom - became a spiritual place.
0:03:05 > 0:03:09- By the 13th century, - archbishops were important figures.
0:03:09 > 0:03:13- They were called Princes - of the Holy Roman Empire.
0:03:17 > 0:03:22- Maybe this had something to do - with the area's vast wealth.
0:03:22 > 0:03:25- Salzburg had productive - salt and silver mines.
0:03:26 > 0:03:30- The literal translation - of Salzburg is Town of the Salt.
0:03:35 > 0:03:36- This wealth...
0:03:36 > 0:03:41- ..and the archbishops' - appreciation of beauty...
0:03:41 > 0:03:46- ..resulted in today's collection of - great churches, squares and palaces.
0:03:47 > 0:03:51- Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau - was a 16th-century bishop.
0:03:51 > 0:03:55- He wanted to turn Salzburg - into the Rome of the North.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59- He began by building - a cathedral to equal St Peter's.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20- He also built the Mirabell Palace.
0:04:21 > 0:04:23- He installed his mistress in it.
0:04:23 > 0:04:25- Presumably you could do so...
0:04:25 > 0:04:28- ..if you were both - a prince and a bishop.
0:04:30 > 0:04:33- The lady in question - was named Salome von Alt.
0:04:33 > 0:04:35- She was doubtless very happy here.
0:04:36 > 0:04:38- She and Wolf had 12 children.
0:04:43 > 0:04:49- Mirabell Palace has been rebuilt - more than once since Wolf's time.
0:04:49 > 0:04:52- It sustained - severe fire damage in 1818.
0:04:52 > 0:04:55- It was even grander - when it was rebuilt.
0:04:55 > 0:04:58- It's the Civic Council Chamber - nowadays.
0:04:58 > 0:05:00- What a magnificent chamber it is.
0:05:04 > 0:05:06- This splendid part - is the Marble Hall.
0:05:07 > 0:05:09- It wasn't destroyed by the fire.
0:05:09 > 0:05:12- The young Mozart gave concerts here.
0:05:12 > 0:05:14- It's a wedding hall nowadays.
0:05:14 > 0:05:17- You'll find nowhere - in the world more romantic.
0:05:21 > 0:05:25- The Baroque-period Mirabell Gardens - are as lovely as the palace.
0:05:25 > 0:05:29- There are statues, - fountains and rows of flowers.
0:05:29 > 0:05:31- It's a public park nowadays...
0:05:31 > 0:05:35- ..where everyone can enjoy - the archbishop's extravagance.
0:05:37 > 0:05:42- Wolf died in 1617, - but his heir also liked to build.
0:05:42 > 0:05:46- We can thank him for - Schloss Hellbrunn, a palatial home.
0:06:00 > 0:06:05- The prince bishops designed Salzburg - in the Renaissance and Baroque eras.
0:06:05 > 0:06:08- This square is the centrepiece.
0:06:13 > 0:06:16- It's the Residenzplatz, - home of the Bishops.
0:06:17 > 0:06:21- As you might expect, - it's not any old home but a palace.
0:06:23 > 0:06:27- Salzburg is the home - of another musical legend.
0:06:27 > 0:06:29- They filmed - The Sound Of Music here.
0:06:30 > 0:06:34- Mozart or the Von Trapps - which - is the greater tourist attraction?
0:06:44 > 0:06:49- This mode of transport - offers a flavour of Salzburg's past.
0:06:49 > 0:06:54- Do you remember this fountain - in the film, The Sound Of Music?
0:06:58 > 0:07:01- This is the way to see Salzburg.
0:07:07 > 0:07:11- In this square, Maria sang - the song, I Have Confidence In Me.
0:07:11 > 0:07:15- She was on the way to the Von Trapp - villa for the first time.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20- The real Maria was a novice nun.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25- In 1927, she married - Captain Georg Ludwig von Trapp.
0:07:25 > 0:07:28- He was a widower - with seven children.
0:07:28 > 0:07:32- He wasn't a supporter of another - infamous Austrian - Adolf Hitler.
0:07:32 > 0:07:36- This led to him and his family - having to flee the country.
0:07:36 > 0:07:40- Afterwards, the true story - was changed for the film.
0:07:40 > 0:07:42- An imaginary tale was created.
0:07:43 > 0:07:47- It hasn't stopped it from being - one of the most popular films ever.
0:07:49 > 0:07:52- And it was all shot - on location around Salzburg...
0:07:53 > 0:07:57- ..but not in the precise places - linked to the von Trapp story.
0:08:04 > 0:08:08- Maria and the children - danced here in The Sound Of Music.
0:08:08 > 0:08:10- And they sang Do-re-mi.
0:08:10 > 0:08:13- This is called the Pegasus Fountain.
0:08:13 > 0:08:18- This sculpture was relocated here - from the castle's old horse well.
0:08:40 > 0:08:44- These steps represented - the doh-ray-me-fah-soh-lah-te-doh.
0:09:00 > 0:09:03- In this pavilion, - Liesl von Trapp sang...
0:09:03 > 0:09:06- ..I Am Sixteen Going On Seventeen.
0:09:06 > 0:09:08- It now stands at Schloss Hellbrunn.
0:09:09 > 0:09:12- The film set - is in Leopoldskron gardens.
0:09:12 > 0:09:15- The castle had been chosen - as the von Trapp home.
0:09:18 > 0:09:20- And this is Leopoldskron Castle.
0:09:20 > 0:09:24- You only saw it - from this angle in the film.
0:09:24 > 0:09:29- Other outdoor scenes were shot in - two separate mansions in Salzburg.
0:09:29 > 0:09:34- Interior scenes were filmed - in Hollywood, somewhat craftily.
0:09:36 > 0:09:39- Salzburg was fortunate - in the Second World War.
0:09:40 > 0:09:42- The old town was spared.
0:09:42 > 0:09:46- It avoided bomb damage - suffered by other historic places.
0:09:46 > 0:09:50- Being here is truly - like stepping back into the past.
0:09:54 > 0:09:58- The cathedral lost its tower - 500 years ago.
0:09:58 > 0:10:03- The bridges crossing the river - Salzach were also destroyed.
0:10:03 > 0:10:05- But the city's charm remains.
0:10:05 > 0:10:10- An outstandingly well-preserved - Baroque city, a true gem of history.
0:10:15 > 0:10:17- This is the old market square.
0:10:17 > 0:10:20- It dates back to the 13th century.
0:10:20 > 0:10:24- People have bought - and sold goods here for centuries.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27- Mozartkugeln - is the name given to these.
0:10:28 > 0:10:30- Paul Furst was the man behind them.
0:10:30 > 0:10:33- They're Mozart chocolate balls.
0:10:33 > 0:10:37- I told you that Mozart - was everywhere, didn't I?
0:10:37 > 0:10:41- These old streets haven't - changed much since Mozart's days.
0:10:42 > 0:10:45- This was one he knew well, - Getreidegasse.
0:10:45 > 0:10:48- It's one of the city's main streets.
0:10:49 > 0:10:52- A distinctive feature is its signs.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56- There are shops galore - in this colourful street...
0:10:57 > 0:11:02- ..but this is not it's claim to fame - in the history of classical music.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07- Although it has many attractions, - one has pride of place.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10- This is it. Mozart's birthplace.
0:11:11 > 0:11:13- What a privilege it is to be here.
0:11:17 > 0:11:18- .
0:11:21 > 0:11:21- Subtitles
0:11:21 > 0:11:23- Subtitles- - Subtitles
0:11:24 > 0:11:26- On this classical journey...
0:11:26 > 0:11:29- ..I am visiting - the birthplace of Mozart.
0:11:29 > 0:11:32- He was born - in this house in Salzburg.
0:11:33 > 0:11:35- His music is everywhere.
0:11:37 > 0:11:40- Leopold, Mozart's father, - was a musician.
0:11:41 > 0:11:45- Employed by the prince bishop, - he was a very gifted violinist.
0:11:46 > 0:11:49- Wolfgang was the youngest - of seven children.
0:11:49 > 0:11:54- Infant mortality was common. - He was one of only two who survived.
0:11:54 > 0:11:56- The other - was his sister, Anna Maria.
0:11:57 > 0:12:00- Known as Nannerl, - she was musical too.
0:12:00 > 0:12:04- Mozart was performing and composing - at the age of five years.
0:12:04 > 0:12:08- At the age of seven, he was touring. - Hardly a natural childhood!
0:12:17 > 0:12:20- This house - has been a museum since 1880.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- The collection includes - many portraits of Mozart.
0:12:28 > 0:12:32- Musical instruments - include his concert violin...
0:12:32 > 0:12:37- ..his clavichord and harpsichord, - as well as manuscripts and letters.
0:12:39 > 0:12:42- The instruments - were left by Mozart's family.
0:12:42 > 0:12:46- There can be no doubt - to their authenticity.
0:12:55 > 0:12:59- It's a wonderful feeling to be - in the house where Mozart was born.
0:13:00 > 0:13:03- Here he is, doing - what he did best - composing.
0:13:10 > 0:13:15- The family home on the third floor - has seen adaptations made to it.
0:13:15 > 0:13:19- Thousands of tourists - flock here every day.
0:13:19 > 0:13:24- But no classical journey would be - complete without visiting here.
0:13:37 > 0:13:42- The prestigious Salzburg Festival is - held at our next venue every July.
0:14:04 > 0:14:07- In this hall, - named in honour of Mozart...
0:14:07 > 0:14:10- ..a music festival is held annually.
0:14:10 > 0:14:12- It draws as many as 200,000 people.
0:14:27 > 0:14:31- We couldn't have timed - our visit to Salzburg any better.
0:14:31 > 0:14:35- Every year at this time, the - Mozart Hall Easter Festival is held.
0:14:36 > 0:14:40- It began in 1967, - conducted by Herbert von Karajan.
0:14:40 > 0:14:44- The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra - visits annually.
0:14:44 > 0:14:47- It's a festival with a difference.
0:14:47 > 0:14:49- People can attend - rehearsals and chat.
0:14:49 > 0:14:52- They become immersed - in Mozart's music.
0:15:15 > 0:15:18- It's a great feeling - to stand on this stage.
0:15:18 > 0:15:21- I'm at the Haus fur Mozart - or the Mozart Hall.
0:15:21 > 0:15:23- Formerly a concert hall...
0:15:23 > 0:15:27- ..it hosts exclusively - performances of Mozart operas.
0:15:27 > 0:15:29- The acoustics and views are good.
0:15:29 > 0:15:31- From any seat in the auditorium...
0:15:32 > 0:15:35- ..you should be able to see - the actors and hear each pianissimo.
0:15:49 > 0:15:52- Salzburg is such a wonderful city.
0:15:52 > 0:15:54- These are the must-see sights.
0:15:58 > 0:16:03- The best city view is found by - ascending to Festung Hohensalzburg.
0:16:04 > 0:16:08- Alternatively, you can walk - up to the fortress in 20 minutes.
0:16:11 > 0:16:14- Mozart dinner concerts - are available daily.
0:16:19 > 0:16:23- You can see the old town - from a horse-drawn carriage.
0:16:27 > 0:16:30- The lovely gothic cathedral - is in the centre.
0:16:30 > 0:16:35- Here, you may reflect in comfort - on the city's history and beauty.
0:16:40 > 0:16:44- Next, take a cruise - along the river Salzach.
0:16:46 > 0:16:50- Walk along the banks, - cross Salzburg's many bridges...
0:16:51 > 0:16:56- ..and see the city and fortress in - all their glory by day and by night.
0:17:00 > 0:17:04- You can enjoy a performance - at the famous marionette theatre.
0:17:05 > 0:17:08- They even perform operas by Mozart - here.
0:17:21 > 0:17:23- Then there's - The Sound Of Music tour.
0:17:24 > 0:17:27- I'd suggest setting aside - a whole day for it.
0:17:28 > 0:17:31- Make sure you visit - the famous Cafe Tomaselli.
0:17:32 > 0:17:34- Mozart was a regular customer here.
0:17:35 > 0:17:37- Cakes are in plentiful supply here.
0:17:46 > 0:17:50- Of course, you must find time - to go shopping for Mozart souvenirs.
0:17:51 > 0:17:52- They're everywhere.
0:18:00 > 0:18:04- You should also try and stroll - through the old cemeteries.
0:18:05 > 0:18:08- The Sound Of Music's - final scenes were set here.
0:18:08 > 0:18:13- Certain members - of Mozart's family are buried here.
0:18:15 > 0:18:19- Another excellent Mozart museum - is at the Tanzmeisterhaus.
0:18:20 > 0:18:24- The family moved to this - Dancemaster's House in 1773.
0:18:25 > 0:18:28- The former family home - had become too small...
0:18:29 > 0:18:31- ..for all their musical instruments.
0:18:36 > 0:18:40- The Salzburg Festival - is an unmissable annual event.
0:18:40 > 0:18:43- It's the highlight - of the city's musical calendar.
0:18:48 > 0:18:52- Without doubt, this is - the king of Salzburg's castles.
0:18:53 > 0:18:57- It's the Festung Hohensalzburg, - built over 600 years.
0:18:59 > 0:19:03- It was initially quite small, - a 16th century fortress.
0:19:03 > 0:19:06- Each successive archbishop - extended it.
0:19:10 > 0:19:15- Today's castle dates - from the 17th century.
0:19:15 > 0:19:19- Hohensalzburg is one of the best - preserved of its kind in Europe.
0:19:20 > 0:19:24- It's much more than a castle, - and more of a hilltop town.
0:19:24 > 0:19:28- It's one of the most popular - tourist attractions.
0:19:36 > 0:19:39- Much has been written - about Mozart over the years.
0:19:39 > 0:19:44- The film Amadeus rekindled - interest in his story and his music.
0:19:44 > 0:19:48- Aged 32, he left Salzburg - and set off for Munich.
0:19:48 > 0:19:50- He then settled in Vienna in 1788.
0:19:51 > 0:19:53- He never returned.
0:19:53 > 0:19:57- He lived a productive - and colourful life in Vienna.
0:19:57 > 0:20:00- This preceded his untimely death.
0:20:05 > 0:20:08- Mozart's final years were not happy.
0:20:08 > 0:20:10- Some problems were self-created.
0:20:11 > 0:20:15- In spite of his great success, - he was becoming poorer.
0:20:15 > 0:20:17- He failed to secure commissions.
0:20:17 > 0:20:21- His rock, Leopold, had died - and his wife Constanze was ill.
0:20:22 > 0:20:24- She needed costly treatment.
0:20:24 > 0:20:28- His talent undiminished, - his own health began to fail.
0:20:28 > 0:20:31- On the 15th of December - in the year 1791, he died.
0:20:32 > 0:20:37- Ironically, he was working on his - final commission, a Requiem Mass.
0:20:43 > 0:20:47- Here is the great man - overlooking a square in Salzburg.
0:20:47 > 0:20:52- It was re-named Mozartplatz - once this statue had been erected.
0:20:52 > 0:20:56- On that day, in September 1842, - Franz Xavier Mozart...
0:20:57 > 0:21:00- ..conducted music - in honour of his father.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05- Mozart was only 35 when he died.
0:21:06 > 0:21:08- He left a mound of work behind.
0:21:09 > 0:21:12- There was both quality and quantity.
0:21:12 > 0:21:16- What might he have achieved - had he lived to a greater age?
0:21:16 > 0:21:21- As it is, Mozart's music - has enriched our lives enormously.
0:21:26 > 0:21:29- I never tire of these views.
0:21:29 > 0:21:34- We're now on the opposite side - from where we started our tour.
0:21:34 > 0:21:39- There are more sturdy walls. - It's a feature of this city.
0:21:40 > 0:21:42- Its valued location - had to be defended.
0:21:45 > 0:21:49- The city also has its history - as a spiritual dukedom.
0:21:50 > 0:21:56- This lay behind its fine palaces - and equally remarkable churches.
0:21:56 > 0:21:58- And then finally, came Mozart.
0:21:58 > 0:22:02- For me, this is the importance - of Salzburg on this journey.
0:22:03 > 0:22:06- Mozart is Salzburg's - great gift to classical music.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10- I, like many others, - will be forever grateful.
0:22:12 > 0:22:18- Let's now take one last look - at the beautiful city of Salzburg...
0:22:18 > 0:22:22- ..and enjoy the amazing talent - of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
0:22:44 > 0:22:47- I'm now heading back - to the river Danube.
0:22:47 > 0:22:49- Our pleasure boat awaits us.
0:22:49 > 0:22:51- We're also leaving Austria.
0:22:51 > 0:22:54- We're heading for - medieval Passau in Germany.
0:22:59 > 0:23:02- With the help of the crew, - we'll sail on westwards.
0:23:03 > 0:23:05- The Main and the Rhine beckon.
0:23:05 > 0:23:08- Eventually, - we'll reach the North Sea.
0:23:13 > 0:23:15- We're sailing through Passau.
0:23:16 > 0:23:19- Napoleon was not easily impressed.
0:23:19 > 0:23:23- And yet he said, "Never - have I seen such a beautiful town".
0:23:24 > 0:23:29- I hope you can join me as we - continue my classical music journey.
0:23:29 > 0:23:33- We shall visit a part of Germany - which has inspired many composers.
0:23:34 > 0:23:36- But for now, cheerio!
0:24:04 > 0:24:07- S4C Subtitles by Adnod Cyf.