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0:00:28 > 0:00:30- Hello and welcome - to Straeon Tafarn...
0:00:30 > 0:00:35- ..with me, leading Welsh - pub historian, Dewi Pws Morris.
0:00:36 > 0:00:40- I'm touring Wales - in this faithful van...
0:00:40 > 0:00:43- ..with the band Radwm.
0:00:46 > 0:00:51- I like arriving early to chat - to locals and learn about the area.
0:00:54 > 0:00:59- This time, I'm in a very Welsh town - that has royal connections.
0:00:59 > 0:01:03- Prince Charles has been here, - and Mother as well!
0:01:05 > 0:01:06- I'm in the north.
0:01:07 > 0:01:13- They speak Welsh in this area, - but the dialect often makes no sense!
0:01:13 > 0:01:16- Yes, I'm in Caernarfon.
0:01:25 > 0:01:30- I'm visiting the Black Boy, - which also hosts our gig tonight.
0:01:30 > 0:01:36- I asked John, the landlord, - a question that's been on my mind.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38- Where did the name come from?
0:01:39 > 0:01:43- The Black Boy - boasts a wealth of stories...
0:01:43 > 0:01:46- ..about its ghosts and its name.
0:01:46 > 0:01:50- They range from the black boy - who came here to work...
0:01:51 > 0:01:53- ..and is buried at Cricieth...
0:01:53 > 0:01:56- ..to the buoys - that float on the strait.
0:01:56 > 0:01:59- Is that the true meaning?
0:01:59 > 0:02:02- I wouldn't like - to put my head on the block...
0:02:02 > 0:02:06- ..but Americans love the name.
0:02:06 > 0:02:11- They can't believe that we still - have a place called the Black Boy.
0:02:11 > 0:02:16- It isn't considered PC, - but that's just its name.
0:02:16 > 0:02:21- The best story is of a black boy - passing by on the street...
0:02:22 > 0:02:26- ..and he said "I've never had - a pub named after me before!"
0:02:26 > 0:02:29- I think it depends - on the attitude of the person.
0:02:30 > 0:02:33- John has two possible meanings.
0:02:33 > 0:02:38- According to the locals, - T Meirion Hughes has the answer.
0:02:38 > 0:02:41- He took me back - to Oliver Cromwell's Roundheads...
0:02:42 > 0:02:45- ..and the Cavaliers - who supported King Charles II...
0:02:45 > 0:02:48- ..who was in exile - in France at the time.
0:02:48 > 0:02:52- This was some 400 years ago.
0:02:52 > 0:02:58- At that time, the people - of Caernarfon were avid royalists...
0:02:58 > 0:03:01- ..and they would meet in this pub.
0:03:01 > 0:03:07- They would drink a toast - and that toast was...
0:03:07 > 0:03:11- ..to the black boy, or the black boy - from over the water.
0:03:12 > 0:03:16- Meirion wasn't referring - to Anglesey, but France.
0:03:16 > 0:03:21- Charles II's mother fled there - when he was a child...
0:03:21 > 0:03:23- ..to escape from Cromwell's armies.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26- There was something special - about the boy.
0:03:27 > 0:03:30- He was black...
0:03:30 > 0:03:33- ..or had a dark pigment to his skin.
0:03:34 > 0:03:36- In English, they used the phrase...
0:03:36 > 0:03:40- .."a swarthy complexion - with black eyes".
0:03:40 > 0:03:45- She had a pet name - that she called him.
0:03:45 > 0:03:49- My beautiful black boy.
0:03:49 > 0:03:53- As far as I'm concerned, - that's the true story.
0:03:55 > 0:04:00- A royalist toast is responsible - for the name of this pub.
0:04:00 > 0:04:01- I suppose it's quite apt.
0:04:02 > 0:04:05- Next, a man who has raised - many a glass...
0:04:05 > 0:04:11- ..the Samson of stories, - Dr John Bwlchllan.
0:04:11 > 0:04:17- This was the main Roman centre - in north-west Wales.
0:04:17 > 0:04:22- When Roman power dwindles, - legends are spawned.
0:04:22 > 0:04:24- The story of Magnus Maximus...
0:04:25 > 0:04:29- ..begins with the king playing chess - in his court at Caernarfon.
0:04:29 > 0:04:35- It's a stronghold of Welsh mythology - from a very early period.
0:04:35 > 0:04:40- Edward I was aware of this - when he built his castle...
0:04:40 > 0:04:46- ..as a move to quash Welsh tradition - and create English imperialism.
0:04:46 > 0:04:48- The irony is that the very site...
0:04:48 > 0:04:52- ..that was created - as an English stronghold...
0:04:53 > 0:04:55- ..now epitomizes the Welsh identity.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59- It's wonderful to tread the streets - of Caernarfon...
0:04:59 > 0:05:02- ..and hear people swearing in Welsh!
0:05:02 > 0:05:05- Nothing beats a Welsh swear word!
0:05:09 > 0:05:15- It's impossible to ignore - Caernarfon's maritime heritage.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19- Emrys Jones is an expert - in its history.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23- I met him near the pub, - in a place that's like a Tardis.
0:05:23 > 0:05:27- It's the town's maritime museum.
0:05:28 > 0:05:31- Caernarfon and the sea...
0:05:31 > 0:05:35- ..have gone hand in hand - for centuries.
0:05:35 > 0:05:39- They started importing goods - into Caernarfon in the 18th century.
0:05:39 > 0:05:43- There was wood from Canada, - stone from Penmaenmawr and Trefor...
0:05:44 > 0:05:48- ..and wool from Ireland, - despite the wealth of sheep here!
0:05:48 > 0:05:54- We exported slate and copper - from the Britannia Mine on Snowdon.
0:05:54 > 0:06:00- Anglesey ochre was exported - to the Indies and America.
0:06:02 > 0:06:05- The young men of the town - wanted to go to sea.
0:06:06 > 0:06:11- They wanted to learn the art - of navigation and tracing the stars.
0:06:12 > 0:06:16- They couldn't earn - a captaincy licence in Caernarfon.
0:06:16 > 0:06:19- They had to travel - to Liverpool or Dublin.
0:06:20 > 0:06:24- The locals decided to establish - a navigation school in Caernarfon.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27- Ellen Francis from Amlwch - came to live in the town.
0:06:28 > 0:06:31- She was the daughter - of Captain Thomas Francis...
0:06:31 > 0:06:34- ..who was shipwrecked - and drowned at Conwy.
0:06:34 > 0:06:37- She married Thomas Edwards - from Caernarfon...
0:06:37 > 0:06:41- ..and they started - a navigation school in New Street.
0:06:42 > 0:06:44- She taught at the school - for 60 years.
0:06:44 > 0:06:50- She taught a thousand young men. - Women weren't educated back then.
0:06:50 > 0:06:55- Many of these men - became the celebs of their day...
0:06:55 > 0:07:01- Men such as Henry James, - who were commodores, not captains.
0:07:01 > 0:07:03- What is a commodore?
0:07:03 > 0:07:06- A commodore has a higher rank - than a captain.
0:07:07 > 0:07:12- I'm not a sailor - I get sick - on the ferry to Ireland!
0:07:12 > 0:07:16- Hugh Thomas had a four-masted ship - that was built at Caernarfon.
0:07:17 > 0:07:19- Only a few of these ships - were built here.
0:07:19 > 0:07:25- There was also the Lewis Hamilton - of his day, namely Robert Thomas.
0:07:25 > 0:07:29- He broke the Liverpool to Melbourne - record twice.
0:07:29 > 0:07:34- When he walked around Caernarfon, - all the young women said hello!
0:07:34 > 0:07:36- Just like Bryn Fon.
0:07:36 > 0:07:40- He was more handsome than Bryn Fon - and a better singer!
0:07:45 > 0:07:50- Captain John Pritchard is one - of Caernarfon's most famous captains.
0:07:55 > 0:08:01- He went to sea as a cabin boy - at the age of 13.
0:08:01 > 0:08:06- He was enthusiastic, - conscientious and ambitious.
0:08:07 > 0:08:12- Aged 30, he became the captain - of the biggest ship in the world...
0:08:13 > 0:08:15- ..the Mauretania.
0:08:15 > 0:08:20- He was at the helm when the ship - made its maiden voyage...
0:08:20 > 0:08:23- ..across the Atlantic to New York.
0:08:25 > 0:08:30- The world's press was waiting, - and one journalist yelled...
0:08:30 > 0:08:34- .."Captain John Pritchard - from Caernarfon, North Wales.
0:08:34 > 0:08:37- "The people of America - want to hear a word from you."
0:08:38 > 0:08:43- "You can tell them that I've worked - for Cunard for over 30 years...
0:08:44 > 0:08:49- "..and the hat I wore - when I started still fits today."
0:08:49 > 0:08:54- He spent a lifetime at sea - but had both feet on the ground.
0:08:56 > 0:09:00- That could reflect - the town's character.
0:09:00 > 0:09:02- It's amazing how things change.
0:09:03 > 0:09:08- Once, large ships and international - business dominated the docks.
0:09:08 > 0:09:12- These days, there's less business - and a lot of pleasure boats...
0:09:13 > 0:09:18- ..but the tide still ebbs and flows.
0:09:19 > 0:09:19- .
0:09:22 > 0:09:22- 888
0:09:22 > 0:09:24- 888- - 888
0:09:27 > 0:09:32- It's great to tour Wales with Radwm - and learn so many new things.
0:09:33 > 0:09:38- I didn't want to be seen - on the street by the Black Boy...
0:09:38 > 0:09:41- ..after Emrys explained - its Welsh name.
0:09:41 > 0:09:45- The respectable folk of Caernarfon - might disagree with me...
0:09:45 > 0:09:49- ..why the Welsh name for Northgate - Street is 'four and six street'.
0:09:49 > 0:09:55- A bed for the night was fourpence, - or sixpence with female company!
0:09:55 > 0:09:59- However, I'm unable - to validate this fact.
0:09:59 > 0:10:02- Pardon? Let's move on.
0:10:02 > 0:10:07- The people of Caernarfon - are known as Cofis.
0:10:07 > 0:10:11- Luckily, local boy Dewi Humps - explained all.
0:10:12 > 0:10:15- He looks mean, but his heart - is in the right place.
0:10:15 > 0:10:18- In the novels - of Charles Dickens...
0:10:18 > 0:10:22- ..some of the characters say - "Here, covey"...
0:10:23 > 0:10:28- ..or "Come with me, covey" - to refer to a friend.
0:10:28 > 0:10:34- The town had a harbour and welcomed - people from across the world...
0:10:34 > 0:10:37- ..including Londoners and Cockneys.
0:10:38 > 0:10:43- Cockneys are quite in-your-face - and probably said "Alright, covey."
0:10:43 > 0:10:46- This may have been adopted - by locals.
0:10:46 > 0:10:49- They also use specific terminology.
0:10:49 > 0:10:51- Dewi says that 'giaman' - means a cat.
0:10:52 > 0:10:56- As he's so tight, - I asked him about money.
0:10:56 > 0:10:58- Money is called 'mags'.
0:10:58 > 0:11:02- 'Sei' is a shilling - and a 'hog' is a sixpence.
0:11:03 > 0:11:07- These are dying out, as sixpences - and crowns are no longer in use.
0:11:08 > 0:11:10- We ask one another for a 'sgrin'.
0:11:10 > 0:11:12- We ask one another for a 'sgrin'.- - That's a pound.
0:11:13 > 0:11:18- 'Niwc' is another one - and it refers to a penny.
0:11:19 > 0:11:24- It's the reverse of the Welsh word - for a queen.
0:11:25 > 0:11:28- Can you explain the nature - of the Cofi?
0:11:28 > 0:11:32- A Cofi is never moved by anything - and doesn't get excited.
0:11:33 > 0:11:38- I remember a specific event - that happened one Sunday afternoon.
0:11:38 > 0:11:42- I thought it would be fun - to have an exciting night...
0:11:42 > 0:11:46- ..as opposed to just sitting - with our heads in our pints.
0:11:47 > 0:11:53- I asked them to imagine that I came - into the pub one day and said...
0:11:53 > 0:11:58- .."Elvis is alive - and he's doing a gig on the Maes."
0:11:59 > 0:12:00- What would you do?
0:12:00 > 0:12:03- "We'd have a pint - and think about it!"
0:12:06 > 0:12:10- The resurrection of Elvis - may not excite the Cofis...
0:12:10 > 0:12:16- ..but one event in the late 1960s - shook the whole of Wales.
0:12:16 > 0:12:21- Prince Charles' investiture - took place in this castle.
0:12:21 > 0:12:24- Bobby Haines told me - of another prince...
0:12:25 > 0:12:27- ..who was invested in this castle.
0:12:28 > 0:12:33- My grandmother's generation - remembered the day in 1911.
0:12:33 > 0:12:39- The investiture of Edward VIII - was a massive event.
0:12:39 > 0:12:43- The man who was to become - Prime Minister, Lloyd George...
0:12:44 > 0:12:46- ..was responsible for the event.
0:12:46 > 0:12:51- Welshman Lloyd George - organized the party in 1911.
0:12:51 > 0:12:53- Believe it or not, - I don't remember it.
0:12:54 > 0:12:59- But I do remember the investiture - of Prince Charles in 1969.
0:12:59 > 0:13:03- Bobby Haines - played an integral role.
0:13:03 > 0:13:06- Who was the mayor at the time?
0:13:06 > 0:13:11- It was none other than - Ifor Bowen Griffith or IB Griffith.
0:13:11 > 0:13:16- The story goes that Charles visited - the castle a few months beforehand.
0:13:16 > 0:13:19- He wanted to oversee - the preparations...
0:13:19 > 0:13:24- ..and that he met IB - on the steps of the Eagle Tower.
0:13:24 > 0:13:27- He introduced himself - as IB Griffith.
0:13:28 > 0:13:32- The Prince responded by saying - "I be Charles."
0:13:32 > 0:13:35- What was your role? - Were you in the castle?
0:13:35 > 0:13:41- I was in the castle and had hired - a special suit for the event.
0:13:41 > 0:13:47- I was on duty at the entrance - and welcomed all of the guests.
0:13:47 > 0:13:50- I had to check their details.
0:13:51 > 0:13:54- If they said John Jones, - they needed John Jones's ticket.
0:13:55 > 0:14:00- However, one man approached me - and I wasn't happy with his ticket.
0:14:01 > 0:14:07- A Metropolitan Police officer - was at my side.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10- Dennis took hold of the ticket - and studied it.
0:14:11 > 0:14:14- He asked the man, "Is this you?"
0:14:14 > 0:14:16- "Yes," he replied.
0:14:16 > 0:14:19- Before I knew it...
0:14:19 > 0:14:24- ..another Metropolitan Police - officer had appeared...
0:14:24 > 0:14:29- ..and escorted the man - into the office near the entrance.
0:14:29 > 0:14:34- I never saw him again. - Perhaps he was sent to the tower!
0:14:36 > 0:14:39- He had forged the ticket - It belonged to someone else.
0:14:39 > 0:14:43- He altered the ticket - to include his own name.
0:14:44 > 0:14:45- What about this photograph?
0:14:46 > 0:14:50- It shows Caernarfon's councillors - passing me on the day.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53- That was when - I shaved in the morning!
0:14:54 > 0:14:55- Is that the expensive suit?
0:14:55 > 0:14:57- Is that the expensive suit?- - Yes, it is.
0:14:57 > 0:15:01- I could only afford two meals a day - after that.
0:15:03 > 0:15:06- Bobby had fond memories - of the big day...
0:15:06 > 0:15:10- ..but this enthusiasm - wasn't shared by everyone.
0:15:10 > 0:15:16- Chaired poet Gerallt Lloyd Owen - remembered the period.
0:15:16 > 0:15:21- What emotions were running - through Wales at the time?
0:15:21 > 0:15:24- There was real conflict - and it divided the nation.
0:15:25 > 0:15:31- One of the aims of the investiture - was to divide the nation.
0:15:32 > 0:15:38- In the 1960s, especially after - the 1966 Carmarthen election...
0:15:38 > 0:15:43- ..when Gwynfor Evans won his seat...
0:15:44 > 0:15:50- ..there was a real excitement - and a rise in nationalism.
0:15:51 > 0:15:55- I, Charles, Prince of Wales, - do become your liege man...
0:15:55 > 0:16:00- The investiture was a topic - of anger and pain for Gerallt.
0:16:00 > 0:16:05- It inspired him to write - the notable Welsh poem, Fy Ngwlad.
0:16:05 > 0:16:08- The divide in the nation - caused by the investiture...
0:16:09 > 0:16:12- ..was witnessed - at the Aberystwyth Urdd Eisteddfod.
0:16:12 > 0:16:18- Gerallt won the chair for a series - of poems that included Fy Ngwlad.
0:16:18 > 0:16:24- The Eisteddfod glitterati - invited Charles as a special guest.
0:16:24 > 0:16:28- I'd like to state - that I haven't come here today...
0:16:29 > 0:16:32- ..unprepared in Welsh literature.
0:16:33 > 0:16:39- I have followed some advice - and read Dafydd ap Gwilym.
0:16:39 > 0:16:41- LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE
0:16:48 > 0:16:53- I read Dafydd ap Gwilym - in bed every night.
0:16:55 > 0:17:01- Congratulations to everyone - who took part in the Eisteddfod...
0:17:01 > 0:17:05- ..especially those - who won individual awards.
0:17:05 > 0:17:11- Gerallt has mixed emotions - about winning the chair in 1969.
0:17:11 > 0:17:16- I have one very strong memory - of the Eisteddfod.
0:17:16 > 0:17:22- The Saturday night, when Dafydd Iwan - sang at the Noson Lawen.
0:17:23 > 0:17:27- Before Dafydd started singing...
0:17:27 > 0:17:32- ..some of his classic tracks, - such as Carlo...
0:17:33 > 0:17:38- ..he started to recite Fy Ngwlad.
0:17:38 > 0:17:43- I've never seen such a response - from an audience.
0:17:43 > 0:17:49- The front half of the audience, - the older generation...
0:17:49 > 0:17:55- ..were clapping, jeering, whistling - and trying to silence him.
0:17:55 > 0:18:01- Conversely, the younger generation - at the back were delighted.
0:18:02 > 0:18:04- It really hurt me.
0:18:04 > 0:18:07- Dafydd Iwan himself has admitted...
0:18:07 > 0:18:13- ..that he's never seen - such a response from any audience.
0:18:14 > 0:18:20- I had to leave - as I was terribly disappointed.
0:18:20 > 0:18:26- They had made a fuss when I won - the chair two days earlier...
0:18:26 > 0:18:30- ..and yet, - they didn't want to hear the words.
0:18:31 > 0:18:34- "Llywelyn, - tears of blood you'd weep
0:18:34 > 0:18:37- "If you see this from your sleep
0:18:37 > 0:18:39- "Our heart in a foreigner's hand
0:18:40 > 0:18:42- "Our ancient throne - in a conqueror's land
0:18:42 > 0:18:45- "A nation where the meek abound
0:18:46 > 0:18:49- "Where once were men - who stood their ground
0:18:49 > 0:18:54- "We smile beneath the Royalty, - peasants are peasants, never free
0:18:54 > 0:18:59- "We'll carry on our slavish way, - content and happy come what may
0:18:59 > 0:19:05- "Lost of roots, nothing to save, - without a care but to behave
0:19:06 > 0:19:11- "We shall not be deceived for long - by fables and historic song
0:19:12 > 0:19:16- "For we, who now just count to ten, - are Wales's Rule-Britannia men
0:19:16 > 0:19:22- "We are the patriots who lack fire, - the headstrong international choir
0:19:24 > 0:19:26- "In honour of your name, my land
0:19:27 > 0:19:30- "I'll ride - with reddened sword in hand
0:19:30 > 0:19:34- "And nothing more - than this is true
0:19:34 > 0:19:37- "How I could spill - this blood for you."
0:19:39 > 0:19:41- I could listen - to Gerallt all night.
0:19:41 > 0:19:45- As dusk approached, the pub filled - and the band arrived.
0:19:46 > 0:19:48- Only one song could be sung.
0:19:48 > 0:19:53- In the shadow of the castle, we sang - Dafydd Iwan's classic, Carlo.
0:19:53 > 0:19:58- # I have a little friend - who lives in Buckingham Palace
0:20:00 > 0:20:05- # And Carlo Windsor is his name
0:20:07 > 0:20:12- # The last time I went - to knock on the door of his house
0:20:13 > 0:20:19- # His mother came to the door - and she said to me
0:20:20 > 0:20:24- # Carlo, Carlo, - Carlo's playing polo today
0:20:24 > 0:20:26- # Today
0:20:27 > 0:20:32- # Carlo, Carlo, Carlo's playing polo - with Daddy, Daddy
0:20:33 > 0:20:35- # Join us in the song
0:20:37 > 0:20:40- # Serfs great and small
0:20:40 > 0:20:44- # At last, we have a Prince - in the Land of Song
0:20:46 > 0:20:51- # He was educated in Australia - and in Scotland
0:20:53 > 0:20:57- # And then he went to Aberystwyth
0:21:00 > 0:21:03- # A pillar of Welsh culture
0:21:03 > 0:21:06- # A contributor to Tafod y Ddraig
0:21:06 > 0:21:11- # A member of the Urdd - and a camper since I can remember
0:21:12 > 0:21:17- # Oh, Carlo, Carlo - Carlo's playing polo today
0:21:17 > 0:21:19- # Today
0:21:20 > 0:21:26- # Carlo, Carlo, Carlo's playing polo - with Daddy, Daddy
0:21:27 > 0:21:29- # Join us in the song
0:21:30 > 0:21:32- # Serfs great and small
0:21:33 > 0:21:37- # At last, we have a Prince - in the Land of Song
0:21:40 > 0:21:45- # Every week, - he reads Y Cymro and Y Faner
0:21:46 > 0:21:51- # He reads Dafydd ap Gwilym - in his bed every night
0:21:53 > 0:21:59- # The future of the country - and language is close to his heart
0:21:59 > 0:22:03- # They say he's a member of the FWA
0:22:06 > 0:22:11- # Carlo, Carlo - Carlo's playing polo today
0:22:11 > 0:22:13- # Today
0:22:13 > 0:22:19- # Carlo, Carlo, Carlo's playing polo - with Daddy, with Daddy
0:22:19 > 0:22:22- # Join us in the song
0:22:23 > 0:22:26- # Serfs great and small
0:22:26 > 0:22:30- # At last, we have a Prince - in the Land of Song
0:22:31 > 0:22:33- # Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
0:22:33 > 0:22:37- # Carlo, Carlo, - Carlo's playing polo today
0:22:38 > 0:22:39- # Today
0:22:40 > 0:22:44- # Carlo, Carlo, - Carlo's playing polo with Daddy
0:22:44 > 0:22:46- # With Daddy
0:22:47 > 0:22:49- # Join us in the song
0:22:50 > 0:22:52- # Serfs great and small
0:22:53 > 0:22:58- # At last, we have a Prince - in the Land of Song #
0:23:00 > 0:23:03- Thank you very much.
0:23:07 > 0:23:09- Oh, I enjoyed that gig.
0:23:10 > 0:23:14- "The camper is in heaven - where there's Welsh 24/7
0:23:15 > 0:23:17- "I stopped for a jar - at the Black Boy bar
0:23:18 > 0:23:21- "And stayed with the Cofis - past eleven."
0:23:22 > 0:23:23- Goodnight.
0:23:24 > 0:23:25- All together...
0:23:26 > 0:23:30- # Lleucu Llwyd, you are beautiful
0:23:31 > 0:23:35- # Lleucu Llwyd, - you're worth the world to me
0:23:36 > 0:23:40- # Lleucu Llwyd, you're an angel
0:23:41 > 0:23:47- # Lleucu Llwyd, - I love you, you, you #
0:23:54 > 0:23:56- S4C subtitles by Tinopolis
0:23:57 > 0:23:57- .