:00:34. > :00:36.Hello and welcome to Lower Manhattan in New York to this BBC
:00:36. > :00:39.News coverage of the ceremonies being held to remember the nearly
:00:39. > :00:42.3,000 people who died on September 11th 2001 on this, the tenth
:00:42. > :00:45.anniversary of the terrorist attacks in the United States, a day
:00:45. > :00:55.of infamy every bit as traumatic as the attacks on Pearl Harbour 60
:00:55. > :00:56.
:00:56. > :00:59.years earlier. This 16 acres of prime real estate behind me is now
:00:59. > :01:02.known as Ground Zero, but ten years ago, it was dominated by the twin
:01:02. > :01:12.towers of the World Trade Center, the workplace of thousands of
:01:12. > :01:14.people and a famous landmark of this world-famous city. Now,
:01:14. > :01:17.relatives of those who died have gathered, together with President
:01:17. > :01:25.Obama and former President George W Bush, for a ceremony to remember
:01:25. > :01:27.loved ones and honour those who risked their lives to save them. On
:01:27. > :01:35.a bright September morning, two passenger planes flew into the twin
:01:35. > :01:38.towers. In Washington, another plane crashed into the Pentagon.
:01:38. > :01:44.And in Pennsylvania, United Flight 93 was downed near the town of
:01:44. > :01:47.Shanksville after the passengers fought back. It was a day which
:01:47. > :01:52.changed America and the world, and has shaped global events for the
:01:52. > :01:57.past decade. Today, here in New York, each of those moments will be
:01:57. > :02:01.remembered with two minutes of silence. Readings and music will
:02:01. > :02:06.accompany the naming of the dead. We'll also bring you coverage of
:02:06. > :02:10.the ceremonies at the Pentagon - and at Shanksville. Ten years has
:02:10. > :02:15.not dulled just how shocking these attacks were. The images were
:02:15. > :02:18.horrific and harrowing. They still are. But it was a day that brought
:02:18. > :02:23.out the best of humanity - extraordinary bravery and stunning
:02:23. > :02:33.sacrifice. Before we join the ceremony, let us recollect what
:02:33. > :03:07.
:03:07. > :03:15.unfolded on that terrible morning It has got to be a terrorist attack.
:03:16. > :03:20.I can't tell you any more. I saw the plane hit the building. There
:03:20. > :03:30.are people jumping out of windows. I have seen at least 14 people
:03:30. > :03:30.
:03:30. > :04:28.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:04:28. > :04:38.jumping out of windows. I can't I went pretty deep. Nobody could be
:04:38. > :05:13.
:05:13. > :05:16.Now we are looking at live pictures here at Ground Zero, the bagpipers
:05:17. > :05:21.and drummers from the Fire Department of New York, the New
:05:21. > :05:29.York Police Department and the Port Authority Police Department forming
:05:29. > :05:33.up to start the ceremonial to mark the tenth anniversary. Of course,
:05:33. > :05:38.the Fire Department of New York band are known throughout the world
:05:38. > :05:42.for their service to their fallen brothers after the September 11th
:05:42. > :05:46.attacks. They have played at over 450 funerals in a two Year period.
:05:46. > :05:51.While we look at these pictures, let us bring in our North America
:05:51. > :05:59.Editor Mark Mardell, who is with me at our vantage point overlooking
:05:59. > :06:03.Ground Zero. The theme of today has been security and also for the past
:06:03. > :06:08.ten years. Like you, I have covered lots of events where the president
:06:08. > :06:12.is there. I have never seen security like this. I walked out of
:06:12. > :06:17.Penn Station under the watchful eye of armed policemen. They have
:06:17. > :06:24.closed off the whole of lower Manhattan to traffic. There is an
:06:24. > :06:28.incredible threat. Al-Qaeda want to attack today, and that is what they
:06:28. > :06:33.are concerned about. Of course, that underlines the central theme
:06:33. > :06:37.of what we are talking about today, whether America is more secured ten
:06:37. > :06:42.years on after the dreadful events that unfolded here? The simple
:06:42. > :06:45.truth is that people at the time worried about a wave of attacks for
:06:45. > :06:51.and that this would be a constant way of life in America, putting up
:06:51. > :06:56.with terrible events. That has not happened. America has become a much
:06:56. > :06:59.more secure society. When I started talking to Americans about what had
:06:59. > :07:03.changed, I was looking for a philosophical answers. But they
:07:03. > :07:08.were saying, look at security in airports and people on the street.
:07:08. > :07:13.That is what they have noticed. 80 American troops have been injured
:07:13. > :07:18.and three Afghans killed today in a truck bomb in Afghanistan. The war
:07:18. > :07:21.over there is still going on. That is a direct consequence of 9/11.
:07:21. > :07:27.suppose the American people have always known there was a risk to
:07:27. > :07:30.them when they were travelling abroad, but they were somehow
:07:30. > :07:36.inviolable while they were in the United States of America, and that
:07:36. > :07:40.was punctured ten years ago. It was an amazing psychic shock. They had
:07:40. > :07:44.never been an attack on the mainland since Pearl Harbor. It is
:07:44. > :07:49.difficult for us to understand. We grew up against the background of
:07:49. > :07:53.an IRA campaign. There was never loss of life on that scale, but we
:07:53. > :07:56.were used to that sort of security. Americans were used to breezing
:07:56. > :08:02.through airports. They thought they were safe while they were here, as
:08:02. > :08:07.you say. It had such a huge impact on the psyche of the country.
:08:07. > :08:10.me show you the pictures of people forming up on the platform. The
:08:11. > :08:17.Brooklyn Youth Chorus will be performing the national anthem
:08:17. > :08:21.shortly. You can see them lined up. It is hard to overstate the extent
:08:21. > :08:26.of the security surrounding this event. We can see President Obama
:08:26. > :08:33.and the first lady taking their place on the platform. They arrived
:08:33. > :08:38.here a short time ago, and they have been speaking to family
:08:38. > :08:47.members, accompanied by the former president George W Bush and his
:08:47. > :08:52.wife. The ceremonial is set to start. There will be a two-minute
:08:52. > :08:58.silence at 840 6am. Before that, we will hear the national anthem. The
:08:58. > :09:00.two-minute silence will mark when the first plane struck the World
:09:00. > :09:06.Trade Center, the start of something unimaginable for the
:09:06. > :09:12.United States of America. It was an hour and a half in which
:09:12. > :09:16.unbelievable things unfolded. But now we see the unfurling of the
:09:16. > :09:20.Stars and Stripes, as the ceremonial prepares to begin. Mark,
:09:20. > :09:28.I wanted to talk to you about the message that the president gave
:09:28. > :09:36.yesterday. People thought maybe there would be a different tone
:09:36. > :09:40.from Obama's predecessor, and yet he was quite firm. After 9/11, he
:09:40. > :09:44.said the country had emerged stronger and Al-Qaeda were being
:09:44. > :09:51.beaten. He said that after ten years of hard wars, it was a time
:09:51. > :09:55.to bring troops home and begin nation-building at home. There was
:09:55. > :09:58.a political message and a bit of a post, saying that since his time in
:09:58. > :10:02.office, more Al-Qaeda leaders had been eliminated than during the
:10:02. > :10:08.previous time under George Bush. He was saying, we got it right this
:10:08. > :10:11.time. Let's listen in to the national anthem.
:10:11. > :10:20.# Oh, say can you see, by the dawn's early light?
:10:20. > :10:30.# What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming.
:10:30. > :10:33.
:10:33. > :10:43.# Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight.
:10:43. > :10:46.
:10:46. > :10:56.# O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming.
:10:56. > :10:58.
:10:58. > :11:08.# And the rockers' red glare, the bombs bursting in air.
:11:08. > :11:12.
:11:12. > :11:22.# Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there.
:11:22. > :11:24.
:11:25. > :11:34.# O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave?
:11:35. > :11:56.
:11:56. > :11:58.# O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
:11:58. > :12:06.# O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave?
:12:06. > :12:09.# O'er the land of the free and the # O say, does that star-spangled
:12:09. > :12:12.banner yet wave? # O'er the land of the free and the
:12:12. > :12:22.home of the brave?$$NEWLINE # On the shore dimly seen thro' the
:12:22. > :12:23.
:12:23. > :15:25.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:15:25. > :15:29.# O'er the land of the free and the Ten years have passed since a
:15:29. > :15:34.perfect blue sky morning turned into the blackest of nights. Since
:15:34. > :15:39.then, we have lived in sunshine and in shad shadow and although we can
:15:39. > :15:43.never unsee what happened here, we can also see that children who lost
:15:43. > :15:47.their parents have grown into young adults, grand grandchildren have
:15:47. > :15:53.been born and good works and public service have taken root to honour
:15:53. > :15:58.those we loved and lost. In all the years that Americans have looked to
:15:58. > :16:03.these ceremonies we have shared both words and silences, the words
:16:03. > :16:08.of writers and poets have helped express in our hearts. The silences
:16:08. > :16:15.have given us a chance to reflect and remember. And in remembrance of
:16:15. > :16:21.all those who died in New York in 1993 and 2001 at the Pentagon, and
:16:21. > :16:31.in the fields near Shanksville Pennsylvania, please join in
:16:31. > :16:31.
:16:31. > :17:41.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:17:41. > :17:49.observing our first moment of God is our refuge and strength. A
:17:49. > :17:54.very present help in trouble. Therefore, we will not fear, even
:17:54. > :18:01.though the earth be removed, though the mountains be carried into the
:18:01. > :18:07.midst of the sea. Though its waters roar and be troubled. Though the
:18:07. > :18:15.mountains shake with its swelling. There is a river and streams shall
:18:15. > :18:22.make glad the city of God. The holy place of the tabernacle of the most
:18:22. > :18:29.high. God is in the midst of her, she shall not be moved. God shall
:18:29. > :18:36.help her, just at the break of dawn. The nations raged, the kingdoms
:18:36. > :18:44.were moved, he uttered his voice, the earth melted. The Lord of hosts
:18:44. > :18:50.is with us. The God of Jacob is our refuge. Come behold the works of
:18:50. > :18:57.the Lord, who has made des hraeugss in the earth. He makes wars cease
:18:57. > :19:06.to the end of the earth. He breaks the bow and cuts the spear in two.
:19:06. > :19:13.He burns the chariot in fire. Be still and know that I am God. I
:19:13. > :19:23.will be exalted among the nations, exalted in the earths. The Lord of
:19:23. > :19:26.
:19:26. > :19:30.hosts is with us, the God of Jacob They were our neighbours, our
:19:30. > :19:39.friends, our husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, children and
:19:39. > :19:44.parents. They were the ones who rushed in to help. 2,983 innocent
:19:44. > :19:51.men, women and children. We have asked their families to come here,
:19:51. > :19:56.to speak the names out loud, to remind each of us of a person we
:19:56. > :20:03.lost in New York, in Washington, and Pennsylvania. They each had a
:20:03. > :20:13.face, a story, a life cut short from under them. As we listen, let
:20:13. > :20:14.
:20:14. > :20:23.us recall the words of Shakespeare, let us not measure our sorrow by
:20:23. > :20:33.their worth, for then it will have Gordon McCannel Aamoth. Maria Rose
:20:33. > :20:33.
:20:33. > :20:43.Abad. Edelmiro (Ed) Abad. Andrew Anthony Abate. Vincent Abate.
:20:43. > :20:46.
:20:46. > :20:56.Laurence Christopher Abel. William F. Abrahamson. Richard Anthony
:20:56. > :21:06.
:21:06. > :21:16.Aceto. Heinrich B. Ackermann. Paul Andrew Acquaviva. Donald L. Adams.
:21:16. > :21:26.Shannon Lewis Adams. Stephen Adams. Patrick Adams. Ignatius Adanga.
:21:26. > :21:27.
:21:27. > :21:36.Christy A. Addamo. My beloved son Joshua Todd Aaron, we miss you and
:21:36. > :21:41.love you forever. You are always in our hearts. My sister, we love you
:21:41. > :21:46.and miss you, you are always in our hearts.
:21:47. > :21:51.Terence E. STUDIO: There are going to be 167 pairs of people who will
:21:51. > :21:55.stand there like these people are now, relatives of those who lost
:21:55. > :22:00.their lives, remembering the nearly 3,000 people who perished ten years
:22:00. > :22:04.ago. While that goes on, let me introduce you to the former US
:22:04. > :22:10.assistant Secretary of State for public affairs, PJ Crowley with us.
:22:10. > :22:17.I want to ask you as an American what today means to you? Well, it's
:22:17. > :22:21.a profound day and to see how the site has been rebuilt and, not just
:22:21. > :22:26.rebuilt, but rebuilt while embracing the history of this
:22:26. > :22:32.tragic day, I think it's remarkable. It's achieved that kind of very
:22:32. > :22:37.difficult balance of how to continue to advance, while
:22:37. > :22:42.remembering the time in 102 minutes where 3,000 people perished. You go
:22:42. > :22:46.back at various times of where we are now, seven minutes to 9.00, the
:22:46. > :22:51.hijacking of Flight 77 begins, every moment in this almost mad
:22:51. > :22:58.hour and a half that did change America, and did change kind of
:22:58. > :23:03.global policy in a way. Well, yes, but the encouraging news is up to a
:23:03. > :23:07.point. Certainly, bin Laden through this attack tried to change US
:23:07. > :23:11.policy, and it did, but not necessarily in ways that he
:23:11. > :23:17.intended and ten years on the most encouraging thing is to see what's
:23:17. > :23:21.happening, the transitions in the Arab world and Islamic world where
:23:21. > :23:25.al-Qaeda's a spectator and not pursuing the bin Laden tried to
:23:25. > :23:29.advance through this attack. you an optimist when you look at
:23:29. > :23:34.what's happening in the Arab spring? To some extent the legacy
:23:34. > :23:39.of 9/11 is not yet written. It really has been ten years, much has
:23:39. > :23:44.happened. The safe haven bin Laden enjoyed to be able to plot and
:23:44. > :23:52.execute this attack, that's been eliminated and there has been
:23:52. > :23:56.relentless pressure on his network culminating in his killing earlier
:23:56. > :23:58.this year. The international community has come together and
:23:59. > :24:03.recognised this is a global challenge, not just a challenge for
:24:03. > :24:07.the United States or Britain or the west. There have been costly
:24:07. > :24:10.missteps along the way, certainly Iraq is probably an example of
:24:11. > :24:16.where whatever has been achieved there come at too high a cost and
:24:16. > :24:21.in fact, for a period of time it actually advanced al-Qaeda's
:24:21. > :24:24.narrative of being at war. We recovered from that. We are
:24:24. > :24:28.unwinding those two wars, but the most encouraging thing is what's
:24:28. > :24:31.happening here here in a sense the Islamic world is taking back a
:24:31. > :24:36.religion itself was hijacked ten years ago. Wasn't there a danger,
:24:36. > :24:39.or hasn't it been one of the effects maybe of maybe, less in
:24:39. > :24:43.Afghanistan, certainly Iraq, it's radicalised a lot of people
:24:44. > :24:48.thinking there is some kind of holy war being waged by the west, by the
:24:48. > :24:51.United States against Islam and therefore, we may not choose it but
:24:51. > :24:54.if we have to pick sides we will pick sides of those people, on the
:24:54. > :25:00.side of those people fighting America, al-Qaeda? Five years ago I
:25:00. > :25:05.think that was the situation. Ten years on you are seeing a steady
:25:05. > :25:15.decline in the popularity of al- Qaeda in the key population within
:25:15. > :25:17.
:25:18. > :25:20.the Islamic world. Now that has not translated into a restoration of
:25:20. > :25:23.opinion visavis the United States. There will be people who will try
:25:23. > :25:30.to exploit that gap going forward. Even with the death of bin Laden
:25:30. > :25:35.there are elements of al-Qaeda, - particularly afillates in Yemen,
:25:35. > :25:41.Somalia that are still very dangerous. I want to spin back to
:25:41. > :25:45.ten years ago, was it clear to you what needed to happen after these
:25:46. > :25:49.terrible, terrible events of here in New York and Shanksville and the
:25:49. > :25:55.Pentagon? Ten years ago I was in a building maybe three blocks from
:25:55. > :25:59.here when the first plane hit the North Tower. The rumour first was
:25:59. > :26:04.traffic helicopter or something like that, the moment the second
:26:04. > :26:08.plane hit, having served at the White House during the time we saw
:26:08. > :26:13.reported attacks on the Embassies in East Africa, the bombing of the
:26:14. > :26:16.USS Cole in Yemen, I knew exactly who was responsible for this and
:26:16. > :26:19.despite entreaties by the Clinton administration and Bush
:26:19. > :26:24.administration for the Taliban to turn over bin Laden which they did
:26:25. > :26:29.not, the first and most decisive action was to eliminate the safe
:26:29. > :26:33.haven that bin Laden had exploited to his advantage, that has helped a
:26:33. > :26:40.lot. Other things have happened here have advanced the point where
:26:40. > :26:44.perhaps ten years on al-Qaeda could not necessarily pull off today the
:26:44. > :26:48.attack that it did ten years ago but it's still very dangerous and
:26:48. > :26:52.it's still the potential to harm the United States, harm the west
:26:52. > :26:56.and risk the same - you know, similar kind of overreaction,
:26:56. > :26:59.that's what we all have to remember and countries like Britain,
:26:59. > :27:03.countries like Israel that have lived with terrorists for a long
:27:03. > :27:06.time, they understand this balance that you learn from attacks, but
:27:06. > :27:10.you don't fundamentally change who you are. But that was something
:27:10. > :27:17.that - that has changed something in America, hasn't it, in a sense
:27:17. > :27:24.that until these attacks America thought it was inviable on its own
:27:24. > :27:28.territory, not since pearl harbour had it come under attack, and since
:27:28. > :27:31.since - people were able to attack on US soil? The United States
:27:31. > :27:35.learned a lesson that Europe had already learned, that terrorism had
:27:35. > :27:39.become a fact of life and was something that you had to deal with,
:27:39. > :27:44.to try to disrupt and defeat and manage while continuing to hold on
:27:44. > :27:48.to what your values and your way of life at its precious. The United
:27:48. > :27:53.States has tried very hard to do that. It's a very difficult balance
:27:53. > :27:57.to accomplish, but we learned on September 11th what other countries
:27:57. > :28:01.already knew. Yes, security is different today but I think we have
:28:01. > :28:11.held on to what's important. Thank you very much. Well, another three
:28:11. > :28:15.minutes to go until the next moment of silence. Let's go to a firehouse
:28:15. > :28:23.near to here and my colleague is there.
:28:23. > :28:27.Thank you. I am here at the Firemens Memorial. 343 men and
:28:27. > :28:30.women died trying to save people in the attacks and there are thousands
:28:30. > :28:34.of firemen here today honouring their fallen colleagues. I am
:28:34. > :28:39.joined now by the deputy commissioner of the New York Fire
:28:39. > :28:42.Department. Thank you very much for coming in. You were in the World
:28:42. > :28:45.Trade Center trying to save people from the attacks. What do you
:28:46. > :28:53.remember of that morning and what happened to you? Well, I remember
:28:54. > :28:57.every moment of the day. We responded to the North Tower of the
:28:57. > :29:04.World Trade Center, we responded right away. We weren't that far
:29:04. > :29:07.away, about a mile away and we arrived at the North Tower of the
:29:07. > :29:13.World Trade Center and just as I was about to get my orders, the
:29:13. > :29:18.second plane hit the South Tower. Now we realised that we were under
:29:18. > :29:24.attack, before we even went to work. You began to make your way down the
:29:24. > :29:29.tower and what happened? We made it up to the 27th floor and the South
:29:29. > :29:33.Tower collapsed. So, we decided that our mission was no longer
:29:33. > :29:38.workable and we started heading down the stairs and on our way down
:29:38. > :29:42.we saw a woman in distress. We stopped to save her, we started
:29:42. > :29:46.carrying her down the stairs, which slowed our escape and we didn't
:29:46. > :29:51.make it out of the building. We got to the 4th floor and the North
:29:51. > :29:57.Tower collapsed with us still inside. Josephine Harris, an
:29:57. > :30:03.elderly lady who you rescued, other people were running past but you
:30:03. > :30:09.got her out. You think trying to save her saved your own life?
:30:09. > :30:14.you could draw that conclusion. We had to be a lot faster in order to
:30:14. > :30:20.survive and I am not sure we would have been that fast. So we kind of
:30:20. > :30:24.had to be where we were. She collapsed on the 4th floor. It's
:30:24. > :30:27.almost she took a stand and was yelling at us to leave her and we
:30:27. > :30:36.weren't going to do that. So, that's where the building collapsed,
:30:36. > :30:40.Only 20 people survived from inside the towers from when the building
:30:40. > :30:44.collapsed, and you were one of them. Do you look back and think, I could
:30:44. > :30:51.so easily have been one of those who did not get out, like one of
:30:51. > :30:55.your colleagues? Oh, yeah. We were at the memorial service yesterday
:30:55. > :31:02.at St Patrick's cathedral. My wife broke down when she saw the 343
:31:02. > :31:06.flags going past. She said, I am so glad you are not a flag. It is very
:31:06. > :31:14.powerful. There were so many people lost that day. It is humbling to
:31:14. > :31:17.know I am still walking in this earth. The memorial is a pale and
:31:17. > :31:25.the first responders are not invited to the World Trade Center.
:31:25. > :31:33.Has that caused some unhappiness? Well, we approach this similar to a
:31:33. > :31:37.line of duty at a funeral. They could not fit everybody there.
:31:37. > :31:44.Through it is better to be with all our fellow firefighters and honour
:31:44. > :31:50.those who we lost. This is a good place for us to be. Thank you.
:31:50. > :31:55.As he said, there will be around 6000 firefighters from all over the
:31:55. > :31:59.world, from Britain, New Zealand, all coming here to remember the 343
:31:59. > :32:09.men and women from the fire- fighting force who died in the
:32:09. > :32:15.attacks on the World Trade Center. There is only a minute or so until
:32:15. > :32:20.9.03, the moment when Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower of the
:32:20. > :32:26.World Trade Center, impacting on the 78th floor. 65 people were on
:32:26. > :32:32.board that plane, which had taken off from Boston Logan Airport, en
:32:32. > :32:39.route to Los Angeles. The 9/11 Commission report into that
:32:39. > :32:44.hijacking can tin -- concluded that it began very soon after take-off.
:32:44. > :32:46.So there will be another moment of silence to mark that moment. The
:32:47. > :32:51.hijackers used knives and the threat of a bomb to subdue
:32:51. > :33:00.passengers. Two pilots were killed in flight and a member of the crew
:33:00. > :33:07.was stabbed in that hijacking. We see the young people there, reading
:33:07. > :33:10.out the names of their family members. After the moment of
:33:11. > :33:17.silence, we will hear from President George W Bush. And after
:33:17. > :33:22.that, from Peter Negron, who lost his father, who worked on the 88th
:33:22. > :33:32.floor of the North Tower. Peter was 11 years old at the time. And the
:33:32. > :34:10.
:34:10. > :34:17.President Lincoln not only understood the heartbreak of his
:34:17. > :34:22.country, he also understood the cost of sacrifice, and reached out
:34:23. > :34:27.to console those in sorrow. In the fall of 1864, he learnt that a
:34:27. > :34:33.widow had lost five sons in the civil war. And he wrote her this
:34:33. > :34:37.letter. "dear Madam, I have been shown in the files of the War
:34:37. > :34:41.Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts,
:34:41. > :34:46.that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously in
:34:46. > :34:52.the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any
:34:52. > :34:58.words of mine which could attempt to beguile you from the grief of a
:34:58. > :35:03.loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the
:35:03. > :35:09.consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they
:35:09. > :35:15.died to save. I pray that our heavenly Father may assuage the
:35:15. > :35:22.anguish of your bereavement and leave you only the cherished memory
:35:22. > :35:27.of the loved and lost and the solemn pride that must be yours to
:35:27. > :35:37.replace a costly a sacrifice upon the altar or freedom. Yours very
:35:37. > :35:42.
:35:42. > :35:47.sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Warm applause for President Bush as
:35:47. > :35:51.he appeared at the rostrum. My name is Peter Negron. My father worked
:35:51. > :35:55.on the 88th floor of the World Trade Center. I was 13 when I stood
:35:55. > :35:59.here in 2003 and read a poem about how much I wanted to break down and
:36:00. > :36:05.cry. Since then, I have stopped crying, but I have not stopped
:36:05. > :36:11.missing my dad. He was awesome. My brother had just turned two when he
:36:11. > :36:15.passed. I have tried to teach him all the things my father taught me.
:36:16. > :36:22.How to catch a baseball, how to ride a bike and to work hard in
:36:22. > :36:27.school. My dad always said how important it was. Since 9/11, my
:36:27. > :36:32.mother, brother and I moved to Florida. I got a job and I rode
:36:32. > :36:37.into college. I wish my dad had been there to teach me to drive,
:36:37. > :36:43.ask a girl out on a date and see me graduate from high school. And 100
:36:43. > :36:47.other things I can't even begin to name. He worked in an environmental
:36:47. > :36:53.department and cared about the earth and our future. I know he
:36:53. > :37:00.wanted to make a difference. I admire him for that, and I would
:37:00. > :37:05.have liked to talk to him about such things. I have decided to
:37:05. > :37:10.become a forensic scientists. I hope that I can make my father
:37:10. > :37:20.proud of the young men my brother and I have become. I miss you so
:37:20. > :37:20.
:37:20. > :40:14.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:40:14. > :40:20.MUSIC: "Sarabande" from Bach's That was Yo-Yo Ma, performing
:40:20. > :40:24.Sarabande from bath's First Suite for Cello Solo -- Barker's First
:40:24. > :40:33.Suite for Cello Solo. We saw the president and some of the families
:40:33. > :40:37.leaving the stage. Now the honour guard ceremonially opens the family
:40:37. > :40:43.entrance, and families can then start to enter the memorial Plaza.
:40:43. > :40:47.The president will be at the North memorial hall. That sits in the
:40:47. > :40:52.footprint of the North Tower, formerly No. 1 World Trade Center.
:40:52. > :40:56.As you look at the names there, which are at waist height, they are
:40:56. > :41:01.lit from underneath. The names have been carved out and at night, they
:41:01. > :41:07.will be lit so that you can see the names of the people 24 hours a day
:41:07. > :41:14.as a mark of respect to those who died. The waterfall cascades down
:41:14. > :41:24.all four sides of the pool and then flows into an inner void. But here
:41:24. > :41:26.
:41:26. > :41:30.with us now in our position overlooking Ground Zero, I am
:41:30. > :41:34.joined by Detective Don Sadowy. You were the chief investigator of the
:41:34. > :41:39.World Trade Center bombing in 1993. I was a leading investigator rather
:41:39. > :41:42.than the chief. I found a mangled piece of chassis frame that
:41:42. > :41:46.contained the confidential number which led to the arrest of the
:41:46. > :41:53.individuals who bombed the World Trade Center in 1993. Where were
:41:53. > :41:59.you in 2001? In 2001, I had recently retired from the NYPD bomb
:41:59. > :42:04.squad. I was employed by Merrill Lynch as a security supervisor,
:42:04. > :42:08.which is right here in this complex. My office was on the second floor
:42:08. > :42:14.across the way from the North Tower. After the first plane hit, nobody
:42:14. > :42:19.knew specifically what was going on at that moment. I knew people
:42:19. > :42:22.across the way and I had people over there from 1993, so I
:42:22. > :42:26.volunteered to go across the street and find out what had happened.
:42:26. > :42:31.When I went into the building, I volunteered to go upstairs and help
:42:31. > :42:35.evacuate people. I came down and then eventually came a point when I
:42:35. > :42:39.had to go back across the street and tell the people I worked for at
:42:39. > :42:44.Merrill Lynch how bad this really was. As I exited the North Tower,
:42:44. > :42:50.the South Tower began to collapse. We ran for our lives literally, and
:42:50. > :42:55.I was fortunate enough to make it underneath a fire truck which was
:42:55. > :43:00.underneath what used to be the pedestrian walkway on the north
:43:00. > :43:03.side by the North Tower. I dove under the truck and two other
:43:03. > :43:08.individuals who tried to make it to the truck with me were killed as
:43:08. > :43:13.the building came down. At that point, I was badly wounded and I
:43:13. > :43:18.could not see anything or walk. So I crawl inside the trapped and
:43:18. > :43:23.hoped I would be found later on. But the thing that really
:43:23. > :43:28.overwhelmed me was the gigantic cement cloud that rose up. Then
:43:28. > :43:34.there was another collapse, and I lost consciousness completely.
:43:34. > :43:40.described a scene of hell. It was like nothing I have ever seen
:43:40. > :43:45.before. The noise was incredibly loud. It sounded like a mountain
:43:45. > :43:52.collapsing or a locomotive coming at you. The debris came down so
:43:52. > :43:58.fast in a wave. It looked like a tidal wave. It swallowed up people
:43:58. > :44:05.and vehicles and buildings. It was just incredible. It was the
:44:06. > :44:10.scariest moment of my life. At a certain point, I realised I was the
:44:10. > :44:16.only one in my group that was still alive. And a lot of things go
:44:16. > :44:20.through your head. I remembered at all the things I had done by choice,
:44:20. > :44:25.including being a member of the bomb squad. Now I am a civilian.
:44:25. > :44:27.How ironic that I will die in this collapse. I slowly lost
:44:27. > :44:34.consciousness with the next collapse, because it could not
:44:34. > :44:39.breathe. As suffocated slowly. I said some prayers. I was prepared
:44:39. > :44:43.to meet my Maker. I lost consciousness with the next
:44:43. > :44:48.collapse. I don't know how long I was there. I lost track of time for
:44:48. > :44:52.the next three days. I was actually found by accident when they would
:44:52. > :44:56.try to see if they could salvage that Reid, the firemen. And my body
:44:56. > :45:03.fell out and they noticed my hand moved, that I was not just another
:45:03. > :45:12.dead body to step over. Some firemen picked me up and carried me
:45:12. > :45:15.away down the street somewhere down here. I could not see anything. I
:45:16. > :45:20.was temporarily blind. I remember how good it was to hear another
:45:20. > :45:30.human voice to tell me I was going to be OK. From there, I was taken
:45:30. > :45:33.to various locations for medical What a traumatic and moving story
:45:33. > :45:36.you have just told of what happened to you, but how long do you think
:45:36. > :45:41.you were unconscious for? How long were you in there before they
:45:41. > :45:45.stumbled across you? I don't think it was a very long time. I can't
:45:45. > :45:49.give you an actual time, but I remember the North Tower when they
:45:49. > :45:54.were traging me away -- dragging me away had not collapsed yet, so it
:45:54. > :45:59.may be it was an hour, less than an hour, but I remember being carried
:45:59. > :46:03.away and I was taken down to the high school behind us by the water
:46:03. > :46:08.and there was an emergency medical treatment centre set up there in
:46:08. > :46:14.the lobby of the high school and just before I was brought there the
:46:14. > :46:18.North Tower collapsed. You must think I am alive because of one
:46:18. > :46:22.split second decision I made to to dive under the truck rather than
:46:22. > :46:27.keep on running? It was, it was a split second decision but when I
:46:27. > :46:33.came out of that lobby of the North Tower I was already walking out
:46:33. > :46:38.into the roadway, which is pretty wide, as you have seen, I knew when
:46:38. > :46:44.I heard the collapse beginning if I was to go back I would be running
:46:44. > :46:50.into the debris falling and I am a middle-aged man out of shape, I am
:46:50. > :46:53.not fooling anybody. I wasn't going to be able to run across the road
:46:54. > :46:58.up to the world financial centre, so I scanned to the left and right
:46:58. > :47:01.and saw that fire truck underneath the walkway and thought it might
:47:01. > :47:05.offer me some hope of surviving, because the debris would have to
:47:06. > :47:12.hit that before it hit me. Finally, I want to ask you this, what does
:47:12. > :47:15.today mean to you watching people gathering around the footprint of
:47:15. > :47:20.the North Tower, looking out for the names of their loved ones?
:47:20. > :47:26.is the first time I am actually seeing this and it's very
:47:26. > :47:33.impressive to me. I think that they've done a wonderful job in
:47:33. > :47:39.creating this memorial. I think it will offer some hope, some closure
:47:39. > :47:42.and peace to the families who never were able to recover a body of
:47:42. > :47:46.their loved one and people still struggle with that, but I think
:47:46. > :47:52.they've done a wonderful job with it. I think it's a very moving
:47:52. > :47:55.ceremony here this morning. I hope it brings some peace to some of the
:47:56. > :48:00.families and the loved ones who have lost people. I am very
:48:00. > :48:03.impressed by it. I feel very - at first I came here this morning I
:48:03. > :48:07.felt rather numb, but I feel very much at peace being back here ten
:48:07. > :48:13.years later and seeing this for the first time. You look a little
:48:13. > :48:20.emotional yourself. Um... Yeah. I think of my friends that were
:48:20. > :48:24.killed. I keep them in my heart and keep them alive with their spirit.
:48:24. > :48:28.Thank you so much for being with us and sharing your recollections of
:48:28. > :48:30.the day and being with us here on this momentous occasion of the 10th
:48:30. > :48:35.anniversary, I am really grateful to you. It's been very good to talk
:48:35. > :48:42.to you. Thank you so much. Great pleasure talking to you. Let us
:48:42. > :48:50.take you now to the Pentagon, I want to show you the pictures there.
:48:50. > :48:55.About ten years ago Flight 77 was 20 minutes away from the Pentagon.
:48:55. > :48:58.That was, of course, another occasion when well over 100 people
:48:58. > :49:06.lost their lives, those people who were on board and those who were in
:49:06. > :49:09.the Pentagon. We saw earlier Donald Rumsfeld at the Pentagon and he
:49:09. > :49:14.actually went missing for a period where people were trying to contact
:49:15. > :49:18.him and the reason they couldn't contact the Secretary of State,
:49:18. > :49:27.Donald Rumsfeld, was because he was busy helping people try to lift
:49:27. > :49:31.them to safety and was a stretcher- bearer for a short period when the
:49:31. > :49:37.vice-president was anxiously trying to seek out the Defence Secretary,
:49:37. > :49:47.so he had gone to help some of his fallen colleagues who had died when
:49:47. > :49:48.
:49:48. > :49:53.the Pentagon was struck by Flight Let us take you now to Shanksville
:49:53. > :49:58.as well, United Flight 93 crashed there. You will remember the the
:49:58. > :50:02.scenes of that crater in the ground and people puzzled initially in the
:50:02. > :50:07.hours after 9/11, what had happened? Where was that plane
:50:07. > :50:10.destined for? It's believed it had been - it was going to be targeted
:50:11. > :50:15.on Washington, the capital, it's second plane to attack the capital.
:50:15. > :50:22.But by the time Flight 93 had taken off word had started to spread of
:50:22. > :50:27.the other hijackings and so the passengers on board Flight 93 and
:50:27. > :50:34.the cockpit records record the screams and crashes and passengers
:50:34. > :50:38.are heard shouting "let's get them" and this was the scene where the
:50:38. > :50:44.passengers bravely fought back and although they weren't able to brick
:50:44. > :50:49.down the plane -- bring the plane down safely they were able to stop
:50:49. > :50:56.it descending on the capital Washington DC. So, that's the scene
:50:56. > :51:01.in Shanksville there. We saw President Bush. Let us go back to
:51:01. > :51:10.Ground Zero as relatives for the first time are allowed to go in and
:51:10. > :51:17.see and find the names of their loved ones carved in bronze at
:51:17. > :51:22.waist height by the cascading pools, the footprint of the North Tower
:51:22. > :51:29.and the South Tower and the water continually pours down in this very
:51:29. > :51:33.impressive memorial that covers some eight acres of a 16-acre World
:51:33. > :51:36.Trade Center site. From our position here overlooking
:51:36. > :51:43.this, and we look down on the family members starting to gather
:51:43. > :51:48.and starting to look out the names of their loved ones I am joined by
:51:48. > :51:52.Philip Zelikow, he has been the executive director of the 9/11
:51:52. > :51:55.Commission. I guess this day means that enormous amount, we heard a
:51:55. > :52:00.moment ago, I don't know whether you heard the interview, I was
:52:00. > :52:04.talking to a former bomb disposal expert who managed to survive
:52:04. > :52:12.against the odds, he said today might bring closure for me and some
:52:12. > :52:17.people I lost. These anniversaries are always arbitrary in a way, but
:52:17. > :52:23.they give us a time where we carve out a moment for reflection about
:52:23. > :52:30.what's gone before and they're healthy. We need to take a moment
:52:30. > :52:35.to reflect and this is a magnificent setting for it. What
:52:35. > :52:40.has changed? What has changed in the last ten years? Well, so many
:52:40. > :52:46.things, of course, on surface level, so many things for the people who
:52:46. > :52:51.were directly harmed and impacted by this terrible tragedy. But in a
:52:51. > :52:56.way the world became a little more tightly knit together. Americans
:52:56. > :53:01.were shocked by the realisation that a handful of zealots in one of
:53:01. > :53:07.the most impoverished countries on earth could reach out and do this
:53:07. > :53:12.kind of damage to their country, that in a way they were connected
:53:12. > :53:15.to events in a remote country most of them had never heard of. That
:53:15. > :53:19.kind of connection of Americans to the rest of the world and the rest
:53:19. > :53:23.of the world to the Americans is kind of a mark of the globalised
:53:23. > :53:27.world we live in today, that's changed. The sense of connection,
:53:27. > :53:32.not only through things like violence or financial turmoil, but
:53:32. > :53:37.the connections we now experience every day in a way as part of the
:53:37. > :53:42.9/11 era. In Britain we grew up with the threat of IRA attacks on
:53:42. > :53:48.the mainland and there were other problems as well. In the United
:53:48. > :53:53.States a sense of security went that day, didn't it? Yes, Americans
:53:53. > :53:57.have lived under the shadow of nuclear danger during the Cold War
:53:57. > :54:01.but it had a certain abstract quality. Even when Britain suffered
:54:01. > :54:04.the IRA attacks it never suffered an attack even one 10th of the
:54:05. > :54:08.magnitude of this one. This attack killed as many people as were
:54:08. > :54:13.killed in far away Pearl Harbour. No one had ever experienced an
:54:13. > :54:18.assault of this kind in their own life Times really, on the continent
:54:19. > :54:23.of the country. It's a trauma. People come to terms with a mass
:54:23. > :54:28.trauma like this according to their lives in all kind of ways. They
:54:29. > :54:32.develop an understanding of what it means for them. But in a way I
:54:32. > :54:37.think the country in many ways is emotionally stronger now than it
:54:37. > :54:44.was. It's a more resill resilient country than it was, sadder in a
:54:44. > :54:50.way by the realisation that we can be harmed, but more able now to
:54:50. > :54:56.cope with new tragedies that are going to be part of this
:54:56. > :55:01.generation's experience. I want to ask you this, who was to blame for
:55:01. > :55:05.the mistakes that led up to 9/11? Were there intelligence failures,
:55:05. > :55:08.did people take the eye off the ball, did people underestimate the
:55:08. > :55:11.dangers al-Qaeda posed, was there nothing that could have been done?
:55:11. > :55:16.Absolutely always you have to begin these conversations by remembering
:55:16. > :55:21.that the people to blame are the mass murderers who deliberately
:55:21. > :55:27.targeted thousands of innocents as the outlet for their rage. That
:55:27. > :55:33.point is well made. All right. Beyond that you can point fingers
:55:33. > :55:37.at this or that operational miscues that shows up in the stark light of
:55:37. > :55:43.hindsight. One of the things we said in our report is ironically
:55:43. > :55:47.people used the expression 20-20 hindsight but in reality hindsight
:55:47. > :55:52.blinds because the path of what could have been is so brightly lit
:55:52. > :55:57.afterwards that the path of what really was possible to people at
:55:57. > :56:00.the time is cast even more deeply in the shadow. So, yes there are
:56:00. > :56:04.operational miscues. Yes, you could look back and say why did we let
:56:04. > :56:09.al-Qaeda hit us again and again from their sanctuary in Afghanistan
:56:09. > :56:14.and not do anything serious about the problem in Afghanistan? So you
:56:14. > :56:20.can point to failures of policy or operational miscues. But I think
:56:20. > :56:26.it's important on a day like today to step back and not use this as an
:56:26. > :56:31.occasion for more finger pointing. And not for finger pointing, let me
:56:31. > :56:37.ask this question, what I am asking there is in a leadup to events of
:56:37. > :56:42.2001, after after after 2001 were mistakes made in the sense that
:56:42. > :56:45.perhaps the response of the United States, you think of Iraq, enforced
:56:45. > :56:50.interrogation techniques, that made things worse, made people think
:56:50. > :56:55.that maybe the United States was engaged in some holy war against
:56:55. > :56:59.Islam? I think a lot of the people involved in that would acknowledge
:56:59. > :57:05.that mistakes were made. What happens when a country suffers a
:57:05. > :57:10.tremendous shock like this is it responds with everything that it
:57:10. > :57:15.has at hand. There wasn't time to really deliberate at length on how
:57:15. > :57:23.to respond. You can fault people that after the initial surge of
:57:23. > :57:28.response in the late months of 2001, early 2002, that they didn't pause
:57:28. > :57:33.and reflect and maybe temper some of the things that they were doing.
:57:33. > :57:38.I think we did some things that were excessive, and over time we
:57:38. > :57:43.have started to correct more of that but let me make a comment in
:57:43. > :57:47.this way. Every family knows in a time of extreme crisis, of
:57:47. > :57:53.wrenching stress, you are going to see both the worst and the best
:57:53. > :57:58.brought out. We look back on the stories of all these wars and so on,
:57:58. > :58:04.partly because we want to learn from the human qualities that
:58:04. > :58:08.surface in these moments of great trauma. We saw a lot of the worst
:58:08. > :58:18.and best about our own society, whether the worst could be
:58:18. > :58:20.
:58:20. > :58:23.symbolised by Abu Graib or the best - the best coming from armed forces,
:58:23. > :58:28.let's use this occasion to think about what we have learned about
:58:28. > :58:33.ourselves. What we learned about what we are capable of in tragic
:58:33. > :58:38.ways, but also the know billity that surfaced in so many ways on
:58:38. > :58:42.this day. I want to talk about that as well, because if the worst of
:58:42. > :58:45.humanity was on show in the actions that took place that led to the
:58:45. > :58:49.bombing of the World Trade Center, the explosion, the planes crashing
:58:49. > :58:54.into the World Trade Center and at the Pentagon, the best of humanity
:58:54. > :58:56.was on show, wasn't it, in the hours and minutes after after wards
:58:56. > :59:02.where New Yorkers came together and other people came together to do
:59:02. > :59:06.their best to help. The tragedy itself, I mean, you have these
:59:06. > :59:12.images, as I investigated and poured through the evidence of a
:59:12. > :59:18.tragedy of this kind, you know, the firefighters still carrying their
:59:19. > :59:23.50lbs of equipment, climbing stairs, even though they knew the situation
:59:23. > :59:26.was chaotic and dangerous, in the hope that maybe somehow they could
:59:26. > :59:34.find someone to still help and losing their lives as a result of
:59:34. > :59:37.that. You have images like that so captured. So many of the first
:59:37. > :59:42.responders who lost their lives were people who simply rushed to
:59:42. > :59:46.the scene as volunteers. They knew that - they weren't even on duty
:59:46. > :59:50.but they thought their help might be needed. That kind of response
:59:50. > :59:56.actually has marked all the last ten years. I have spent time in
:59:56. > :59:59.Afghanistan and Iraq and you see the kind of daily quiet
:59:59. > :00:02.professionalism of so many people and you see some of the noble
:00:02. > :00:07.qualities that this tragedy has summoned forth. I think there are
:00:07. > :00:11.many people in the UK who have been part of that too. And who have
:00:11. > :00:15.exhibited many of these qualities, both in Britain and overseas.
:00:15. > :00:19.Coming over here and reading the testimony of some of the people who
:00:20. > :00:29.were involved in it, the extraordinary stories. A story of a
:00:30. > :00:30.
:00:30. > :00:37.Cornish man, he was 62, he was head of security at Morgan Stanley, he
:00:37. > :00:42.was heard singing sing Celtic ballads escorting people down there
:00:42. > :00:52.is a madness in that image, and yet probably it kept people sane. The
:00:52. > :00:59.fact there was this guy, I am Of the people who could
:00:59. > :01:03.theoretically have been evacuated, more than 90% of them were saved.
:01:03. > :01:07.They were evacuated safely or with the help of the first responders.
:01:07. > :01:11.Almost all the people who could have been saved were saved due to
:01:11. > :01:18.some of the heroism that morning. That is a wonderful illustration
:01:18. > :01:26.you give, to because beyond the superficial courage, there is that
:01:26. > :01:32.extra dimension of human spirit, belting out that Ballard. That
:01:32. > :01:41.somehow reminds us of our humanity. Philip Zelikow, thank you so much.
:01:41. > :01:45.It has been fascinating talking to you. Your reflections on a personal
:01:45. > :01:53.level and a political level about what unfolded and what has changed
:01:53. > :01:57.since then have been fascinating. Those names are continuing to be
:01:57. > :02:04.read out and people are embracing as they look at the family names of
:02:04. > :02:09.loved ones and seeing those names carved for the first time into the
:02:09. > :02:16.bronze around those reflecting pools that reflect the footprints
:02:16. > :02:21.of the North and South Tower. Let us take you to the Pentagon as well,
:02:21. > :02:28.where the national anthem is being played. The vice-president, Joe
:02:28. > :02:36.Biden, is in attendance there to mark the occasion when Flight 77
:02:36. > :02:40.crashed into the Pentagon. # O'er the ramparts we watched,
:02:40. > :02:48.were so gallantly streaming. # And the rockers' red glare, the
:02:48. > :02:55.bombs bursting in air. # Gave proof thro' the night that
:02:55. > :03:05.our flag was still there. # O say, does that star-spangled
:03:05. > :03:07.
:03:07. > :03:17.banner yet wave? # O'er the land of the free and the
:03:17. > :03:33.
:03:33. > :03:43.Let us go now to our correspondent, Adam Brookes, who is there at the
:03:43. > :03:45.
:03:45. > :03:49.Pentagon. Adam, described the scene of Washington DC today? Well,
:03:49. > :03:53.Washington is a city that is still feeling the pain of 9/11 on a daily
:03:53. > :03:57.basis. This is a city where the campaign in Afghanistan was
:03:57. > :04:01.conceived and launched, the campaign in Iraq was conceived and
:04:01. > :04:07.launched. This is the city where the injured come back from those
:04:07. > :04:10.wars to hospital. It is a city where people live and breathe
:04:10. > :04:16.America's involvement in the world and its involvement in these
:04:16. > :04:20.difficult Expeditionary wars even ten years on. This morning in the
:04:20. > :04:24.Pentagon, the ceremony is quite low-key. It will be quite brief.
:04:24. > :04:27.There will be lots of silence, remembering the moment when
:04:28. > :04:32.American Airlines flight 77 crashed into the west wall of the Pentagon
:04:32. > :04:37.and remembering the 125 people who died inside the building and the 64
:04:37. > :04:42.who died on the plane itself. This is slightly different to what
:04:42. > :04:46.happened in New York. This was an attack on a military institution.
:04:46. > :04:52.That institution responded in the way that military is do. It's
:04:52. > :04:58.sorted itself out, it stood up and rebuilt very fast and remembered is
:04:58. > :05:02.dead, and it got on with business. As I say, perhaps the most telling
:05:03. > :05:07.thing about the memory of 9/11 in Washington is the way that it is
:05:07. > :05:15.live doubt every day among your friends and neighbours, who are
:05:15. > :05:20.still fighting these wards and fighting counter-terrorism. Yes,
:05:20. > :05:23.and there was the extraordinary story of what unfolded afterwards,
:05:23. > :05:27.when the vice-president Dick Cheney was desperately tried to find
:05:27. > :05:32.Donald Rumsfeld. And Donald Rumsfeld was not to be found
:05:32. > :05:38.because he was out there, try to help people as a part-time
:05:38. > :05:43.structure bear? There is an extraordinary image of rums felt at
:05:43. > :05:48.that moment, dishevelled, angry, his hair everywhere, carrying
:05:48. > :05:52.people from the site of the attack. As you say, his senior staff came
:05:52. > :05:57.up to him and put their hands on his shoulder and said Mr Secretary,
:05:57. > :06:00.we think you may be needed elsewhere. And they led him away
:06:00. > :06:05.from the site of the attack back into the Pentagon. Much of the
:06:05. > :06:09.building remained functioning. It was only a localised part of the
:06:10. > :06:15.building that was directly affected. There was smoke and stink
:06:15. > :06:20.throughout all the five rings of the Pentagon's vast office complex.
:06:20. > :06:23.But the next day and the day after, the building was up and running
:06:23. > :06:29.again, and people were already considering in the operations rooms
:06:29. > :06:32.and suites that surround the Secretary of Defence, how America
:06:32. > :06:35.would respond to this and what tools of power were available to go
:06:35. > :06:40.after people who had perpetrated this. Soon afterwards, in
:06:40. > :06:45.conjunction with the CIA and US Special Operations Command, the
:06:45. > :06:50.campaign in Afghanistan was launched. Much happened since. And
:06:50. > :06:54.it is not over. I live next to a hospital in the northern part of
:06:54. > :06:58.Washington DC. Every day, I see young men and women without eyes,
:06:58. > :07:02.without hands, covered in Burns, picking their way through the
:07:02. > :07:08.Washington community. Those are the men and women fighting the wars
:07:08. > :07:12.which were a direct response to 9/11. Thank you very much. We will
:07:12. > :07:22.prepare for the moment's silence in Tenterden -- at the Pentagon and
:07:22. > :07:47.
:07:47. > :07:57.# Through many dangers, twirls and snares.
:07:57. > :08:07.# I have already come. # It is grace that has brought me
:08:07. > :08:14.
:08:14. > :08:24.safe thus far. # And Grace will lead me home.
:08:24. > :08:32.
:08:32. > :08:42.# The Lord has promised good to me. # His word my hopes secures.
:08:42. > :09:03.
:09:03. > :09:13.# He will my shield and portion # Amazing grace, how sweet the
:09:13. > :09:32.
:09:32. > :09:42.sound. # I once was lost, but now and
:09:42. > :09:54.
:09:54. > :10:04.found. Ladies and gentlemen, the chairman
:10:04. > :10:05.
:10:05. > :10:10.of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Admiral Michael Mullen.
:10:10. > :10:19.Let's bring you back here to New York. The address is now being made
:10:19. > :10:22.by James Smith, a retired police officer. Since that time, Patricia
:10:23. > :10:27.has grown and blossomed into a lovely 12-year-old, the very
:10:27. > :10:32.picture of her mother, with her mom's smile and sense of adventure.
:10:32. > :10:38.Our family has grown. Patricia now has two little brothers to share
:10:38. > :10:44.her zest for life. Five years ago, we looked back and gave words to
:10:44. > :10:49.our sorrow. Today, we choose to remember and share the jury that
:10:49. > :10:54.was brought to all of us. We vowed that she will always live in our
:10:54. > :11:04.hearts. Mom, I am proud to be your daughter. You will always be my
:11:04. > :11:28.
:11:28. > :11:36.hero and I am proud of New York # Well, the sun is surely sinking
:11:36. > :11:43.down, but the moon is slowly rising. # So this old world must still be
:11:43. > :11:53.spinning round, and I still love you.
:11:53. > :11:53.
:11:53. > :12:03.# So close your eyes, you can close your eyes, it's all right.
:12:03. > :12:03.
:12:03. > :12:13.# I don't know no love songs and I can't sing the blues any more.
:12:13. > :12:20.
:12:20. > :12:30.# But I can sing this song and you can sing this song when I'm gone.
:12:30. > :12:34.
:12:34. > :12:42.# It won't be long before another day, we gonna have a good time.
:12:42. > :12:52.# And no one's gonna take that time away. You can stay as long as you
:12:52. > :12:58.
:12:58. > :13:08.# So close your eyes, you can close your eyes, it's all right.
:13:08. > :13:10.
:13:10. > :13:20.# I don't know no love songs and I can't sing the blues any more.
:13:20. > :13:53.
:13:53. > :14:00.# But I can sing this song and you The wonderful music of James Taylor
:14:00. > :14:04.there, warmly applauded by the audience, and is the Westside
:14:04. > :14:08.Highway. It would normally be streaming with traffic on a Sunday
:14:08. > :14:11.morning. Today, it is given over to those commemorating the tenth
:14:11. > :14:17.anniversary and their loved ones who died in the attacks ten years
:14:17. > :14:22.ago. I am joined now by Clifford Russell, whose brother Stephen was
:14:22. > :14:32.in the twin towers. He was a firefighter. What does today mean
:14:32. > :14:35.
:14:35. > :14:39.to you? Being back at this place in the fashion of the way it has been
:14:39. > :14:48.redesigned, to me, it does not seem like they should have done this.
:14:48. > :14:52.The time I spent down here, it was more Joan -- more than just the
:14:52. > :15:02.look of it, it was the smell of it. It was the sense of community, of
:15:02. > :15:05.
:15:05. > :15:11.love and everybody becoming one. Here, I don't know. But I have been
:15:11. > :15:21.back here since 2002, and I only live a few miles away. Are you
:15:21. > :15:23.
:15:23. > :15:30.finding today difficult? Yeah, It's hard for me to not think about
:15:30. > :15:37.my brother, the reason why I am here, the absolute magnificent
:15:37. > :15:42.response of our fire department, police department and emergency
:15:42. > :15:48.responders. Clifford, tell me what happened to your brother. They were
:15:48. > :15:53.actually out on a call on the westside highway and the plane hit
:15:53. > :15:58.the first building and they were already out so they only lost five
:15:58. > :16:02.guys for that reason. So they came up the highway with ladder 20 and
:16:02. > :16:06.engine 55 was his and they got out and spent a long time in the first
:16:06. > :16:11.building, I think it was well over an hour and never came out. It was
:16:11. > :16:20.the second one to fall. The first one to get hit. They found his body
:16:20. > :16:24.with six others on October 21st. We found out about it on October 22nd.
:16:24. > :16:31.Quite a time elapsed. Yeah, my father used to mark off the days on
:16:31. > :16:35.the calendar with a magic marker and as days started wanning, he
:16:35. > :16:43.started losing hope, although you never give up hope, he always
:16:43. > :16:52.thought he was walking around somewhere with amnesia or is in
:16:52. > :16:58.another state, every window sill, everything dusty, absolutely
:16:58. > :17:00.incredible. That must have been a terrible ordeal to live through, in
:17:00. > :17:06.your gut you probably knew the worst had happened but that little
:17:06. > :17:10.part of the brain that clings to hope. You never would have told me
:17:10. > :17:12.he wasn't alive. I always had a big room for him downstairs somewhere
:17:12. > :17:16.that they were walking around trying to figure a way out because
:17:16. > :17:20.it was such a mess of structure and there was so much infrastructure
:17:20. > :17:29.underneath that it could be possible. I want to ask you about
:17:29. > :17:34.your son. My son! This is a fellow who graduated with high marks and
:17:34. > :17:38.turned around and took my brother's spot in his firehouse, I saw him go
:17:38. > :17:47.out the door this morning around 7.00am, they got a call. I was
:17:47. > :17:53.leaving to come here, so he is working right now. So your son is
:17:53. > :17:58.in I think the bed? The same situation that my brother was in
:17:58. > :18:06.and well received, as well. I am sure. So he is lying in what was
:18:06. > :18:11.his uncle's bed? Pretty much. you proud? Yeah. Ridiculously so. I
:18:11. > :18:16.just - I still can't believe it. I just walked in there today and
:18:16. > :18:21.there he is. What does today mean to him, do you think? I think him
:18:21. > :18:27.becoming a firefighter as opposed to doing so many other things he
:18:27. > :18:31.could have done speaks for itself. I mean, what does he think about
:18:31. > :18:38.it? Like I said, he became a firefighter. I think this is his
:18:38. > :18:42.way of answering it. He is going to spend the next 20 years of his life
:18:42. > :18:48.doing what - it's going to take him 20 years to wear it off. You don't
:18:48. > :18:51.get rid of it, you can't move away from it. You can more to Florida, I
:18:51. > :18:57.could move to Great Britain, you cannot get away from this.
:18:57. > :19:03.Everybody knows about it. Everybody speaks about it. Reporting here
:19:03. > :19:08.from New York to BBC world news, correct? So, it's not like
:19:08. > :19:17.something very local. Does it help that the - you feel the world is
:19:17. > :19:25.with you? I feel very alone a lot. I know I am not the same I used to
:19:25. > :19:30.be before 2001. But that said, I am actually as we speak reinventing
:19:30. > :19:33.myself every day, paying close attention to everything, because it
:19:33. > :19:38.may not be there tomorrow. Clifford Russell, grateful to you. Thank you
:19:38. > :19:40.very much and good luck with the future for you and your son as a
:19:40. > :19:44.firefighter carrying on where your brother left off. Thank you very
:19:44. > :19:48.much indeed for being with us here on BBC News. Thank you. Good luck
:19:48. > :19:54.to you, thank you so much. Thank you.
:19:54. > :20:04.Let's take you back to the reading of the names as they go on. A list
:20:04. > :20:25.
:20:25. > :20:35.John DiFato Vincent F. DiFazio Carl DiFranco Donald J. DiFranco Debra
:20:35. > :20:45.
:20:45. > :20:51.Ann DiMartino Stephen P. Dimino William J. My brother cryster in
:20:51. > :20:55.Newton. My sister, Lisa, Kathy, I can't believe it's been ten years
:20:55. > :20:59.since I have seen your smile or heard your voice. God called all
:20:59. > :21:05.his angels on 9/11 and you are one of the angels he had chosen. You
:21:05. > :21:08.will forever be in our hearts. God also choose daddy on that day five
:21:08. > :21:18.years later. I would like to thank everybody who did the memorial, it
:21:18. > :21:26.
:21:26. > :21:34.was very beautiful. Thank you. I love you, Kathy. Anthony DiOnisio
:21:34. > :21:42.George DiPasquale Joseph DiPilato Douglas Frank DiStefano Ramzi A.
:21:42. > :21:44.Doany John J. Doherty Melissa C. Doi Brendan Dolan Neil Dollard
:21:44. > :21:54.James Joseph Domanico Benilda Pascua Domingo Charles (Carlos)
:21:54. > :22:04.
:22:04. > :22:09.Dominguez Geronimo (Jerome) Mark And my father, love never dies, me
:22:09. > :22:13.and my mum and Grandma we love you so much and miss you. Our beloved
:22:13. > :22:23.father Laurence Davidson, you would be so proud of your granddaughters.
:22:23. > :22:27.
:22:27. > :22:31.We love you. Kevin W. Donnelly Jacqueline
:22:31. > :22:37.Donovan. STUDIO: The reading of all those names,
:22:37. > :22:42.let's take to you Shanksville in Pennsylvania, where the ceremony is
:22:42. > :22:52.already under way. The ABC's Josh Elliot is there for us. Describe
:22:52. > :23:03.
:23:03. > :23:06.We seem to have lost our link there to Shanksville in Pennsylvania. But
:23:06. > :23:16.the ceremony took place and let's listen to the names being read out
:23:16. > :23:21.
:23:21. > :23:31.of those who died in Shanksville, the 40 people aboard United 93.
:23:31. > :23:31.
:23:31. > :25:09.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:25:09. > :25:19.Joseph De Luca. Patrick Joseph Andrew Garcia.
:25:19. > :25:19.
:25:19. > :26:02.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:26:02. > :26:10.STUDIO:: That was the scene there in Shanksville Pennsylvania,
:26:10. > :26:15.commemorating the 40 people who lost their lives on United 93. Here
:26:15. > :26:20.at the World Trade Center site of Ground Zero they're reading the
:26:20. > :26:26.names of the people who perished ten years ago, the people who were
:26:26. > :26:32.on American American Airlines Flight 11, the 60 people on United
:26:32. > :26:37.Flight 175, and in a moment there will be another moment's silence to
:26:37. > :26:46.mark the time when the South Tower fell. Let's listen back in to the
:26:46. > :26:56.reading of names here. Moy brother Michael David Deal, you are loved
:26:56. > :26:56.
:26:56. > :28:26.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:28:26. > :28:29.John W. Farrell Terrence Patrick Farrell John G. Farrell Capt.
:28:29. > :28:36.Joseph Farrelly .Thomas P. Farrelly Syed Abdul Fatha Christopher
:28:36. > :28:46.Faughnan Wendy R. Faulkner Shannon M. Fava Bernard D. Favuzza Robert
:28:46. > :28:52.
:28:52. > :28:58.Fazio Ronald C. Fazio. My family's loved one who we miss and love very
:28:58. > :29:08.much, Joan wreu Jones. My amazing father, we love and miss you so
:29:08. > :29:08.
:29:08. > :30:01.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:30:01. > :30:05.very much. Keep watching over us Today, as you look over the walls
:30:06. > :30:11.of remembrance, we want to share with you the words of the poet Mary
:30:11. > :30:19.Lee Hall, who wrote "turn again to life. If I should die and leave you
:30:19. > :30:25.here awhile, be not like others sore undone, who keep long vigil by
:30:25. > :30:31.the sullen dusk, for my sake, turn again to life and smile. Nerving
:30:31. > :30:38.thy heart and trembling hand to do something to comfort other hearts
:30:38. > :30:48.benign. Complete these dear unfinished tasks of mind, and I put
:30:48. > :30:48.
:30:48. > :34:11.Apology for the loss of subtitles for 57 seconds
:34:11. > :34:14.May God bless those heroes we lost on September 11th, the brave men
:34:14. > :34:19.and women who responded so courageously, the heroes we have
:34:19. > :34:24.lost since that day defending our freedom and the men and women today
:34:24. > :34:31.who risk their lives here and abroad to defend our freedom. No
:34:31. > :34:38.words cried out so fully from the broken heart of our nation as those
:34:39. > :34:43.of a poem called The Names. It was written by the United States poet
:34:43. > :34:48.laureate Billy Collins. He wrote it a year after the attacks and
:34:48. > :34:55.dedicated it simply to those who died and to their survivors. Its
:34:55. > :35:01.last verse reads as follows: "names etched on the head of a pin, one
:35:01. > :35:07.names spanning a bridge, another undergoing a tunnel. A blue name
:35:07. > :35:14.needled into the skin. Names of citizens, mothers and fathers, the
:35:14. > :35:21.bright-eyed daughter, the quicksand. Alphabet of names in a green field.
:35:21. > :35:29.Names in the small tracks of birds. Names lifted from a hat or balanced
:35:29. > :35:35.on the tip of the tongue. Names wheeled in the dim warehouse of
:35:35. > :35:45.memory. So many names, there is barely room on the walls of the
:35:45. > :36:02.
:36:02. > :36:12.Lee S Fehling. Peter Feidelberg. Alan D Feinberg. Rosa Maria
:36:12. > :36:20.
:36:20. > :36:30.Feliciano. Edward T Fergus. George Ferguson. By Joseph Ferguson.
:36:30. > :36:38.Fernandez. Judy H Fernandez. Elisa Giselle Ferraina. Anne Marie
:36:38. > :36:43.Sallerin Ferreira. Robert John Ferris. And with great honour and
:36:43. > :36:48.even greater sadness, my aunt, Cathy, American Airlines attendant
:36:48. > :36:57.on flight 11. We miss you and love you. And my father, Thomas. We love
:36:57. > :37:07.and miss you, Daddy. David Francis Ferrugio. Louis V Fersini. Michael
:37:07. > :37:11.
:37:11. > :37:20.David Ferugio. Bradley James Fetchet. Jennifer Louise Fialko.
:37:20. > :37:30.Kristen Fiedel. Samuel Fields. Michael Bradley Finnegan. Timothy J
:37:30. > :37:32.
:37:32. > :37:42.Finnerty. Michael Curtis Fiore. Stephen J Fiorelli. Paul M Fiori.
:37:42. > :37:42.
:37:42. > :37:52.John Fiorito. Lt John R Fischer. Andrew Fisher. Bennett Lawson
:37:52. > :37:53.
:37:53. > :37:59.Fisher. And my uncle, Gerald Thomas. We miss you more than words could
:37:59. > :38:04.ever describe. My brother-in-law, Thomas -- Timothy. We miss and love
:38:04. > :38:08.you always. Well, these are very moving,
:38:08. > :38:13.emotional readings of the names continuing. So many names to be
:38:13. > :38:17.read out. I am joined here by Martin Dunn, former editor-in-chief
:38:17. > :38:25.of the New York Daily News. Thank you for being with us. It is still
:38:25. > :38:29.emotional, ten years on? It is still very emotional. I find it
:38:29. > :38:33.amazing how the City still has wounds so deep. Obviously
:38:33. > :38:37.understandably. This was a city whose confidence was totally rocked
:38:37. > :38:41.and self-belief was destroyed by the attacks that happened ten years
:38:41. > :38:45.ago. Even though you secret regeneration around here, you see
:38:45. > :38:49.wonderful new buildings coming up and you see people moving to the
:38:49. > :38:55.downtown area of New York, but these guys are never really totally
:38:55. > :38:59.going to heal. Has New York bounced back? It has. I happen to live six
:38:59. > :39:04.or seven blocks north of here, and I have seen a huge resurgence and
:39:04. > :39:08.regeneration of this particular area of New York. It is worth
:39:08. > :39:11.saying that a lot of people thought this part of New York might just
:39:12. > :39:17.die and become toxic, no one would want to live here or have
:39:17. > :39:21.businesses based here. Absolutely. For at least five years after the
:39:21. > :39:26.attack, this was a pretty desolate area. But the population in the
:39:26. > :39:30.last five years has doubled in this area. Restaurants open all the time.
:39:30. > :39:35.Businesses moved down here. You see wonderful buildings going up. That
:39:35. > :39:38.is a part of the healing process. In the back of your mind, there is
:39:38. > :39:44.always that little doubt about what may happen here in New York after
:39:44. > :39:48.what happened ten years ago. that self-confidence and brashness
:39:48. > :39:54.of New Yorkers which we lugged around the world was dented? It was
:39:54. > :39:58.dented, irreparably so. I think a lot of it has come back. There is a
:39:58. > :40:02.lot of self-belief and confidence. But at the back of your mind, there
:40:02. > :40:05.is always that slight worry. The fact that for ten years, we have
:40:05. > :40:10.not had an attack and the police department have thwarted many
:40:10. > :40:14.potential attacks, has given people a lot of confidence. But there will
:40:14. > :40:17.always be that slight worry in the back of people's minds, who
:40:17. > :40:22.previously thought that New York was unassailable. It was one of the
:40:22. > :40:26.most beloved cities in the world. The thought that it could be
:40:26. > :40:30.attacked was a terrible Dent for the New York psyche. It is now
:40:30. > :40:34.starting to come back, but there will always be that doubt at the
:40:34. > :40:37.back of people's minds. I have been here for the past few days and
:40:37. > :40:42.looked at the ramping up of security following this latest
:40:42. > :40:46.threat. New Yorkers accept it. They are not fighting against it. They
:40:46. > :40:50.know they have to go through these security checkpoints. And at
:40:50. > :40:55.airports, they know it is not the same easy way it was to board a
:40:55. > :40:59.flight to San Francisco. That's right. You will see armed guards in
:40:59. > :41:02.Grand Central and Penn Station on the subway is when you are
:41:02. > :41:07.travelling around. A huge amount of credit has to go to Ray Kelly and
:41:07. > :41:11.the New York Police Department for the way they have changed our
:41:11. > :41:16.perception of the police. It used to be a law-and-order organisation.
:41:16. > :41:20.Now it is very much a counter- terrorism organisation as well. I
:41:20. > :41:24.think that has given people a security blanket. It is something
:41:24. > :41:30.we never thought we needed, but the fact that Ray Kelly has brought in
:41:30. > :41:35.people from the CIA and he has put 1000 cops on to counter-terrorism
:41:35. > :41:42.duties, helps give New Yorkers a sense of confidence and belief.
:41:42. > :41:47.Thank you. Our broadcasters going to end soon
:41:47. > :41:51.on this day of remembrance, a day of reflection. And once again for
:41:51. > :42:01.New Yorkers, a day of resilience. Let's listen and again to the
:42:01. > :42:26.
:42:26. > :42:28.reading of the names of those who Pamela Gaff. Ervin Vincent
:42:28. > :42:38.Gailliard. Deanna L Galante. Grace Galante. Anthony Edward Gallagher.
:42:38. > :42:45.Daniel James Gallagher. John Patrick Gallagher. And my uncle, we
:42:45. > :42:50.love and miss you. Take care of mom for me. And our son, Edward Thomas
:42:50. > :42:58.Fergus junior. Ed, Dad, your wife, your children and your three
:42:58. > :43:03.sisters, we all miss you and love you. We will never forget you.
:43:03. > :43:13.E Gallo. Vincenzo Gallucci. Thomas Edward Galvin. Giovanna (Genni)
:43:13. > :43:18.
:43:18. > :43:27.Gambale. Thomas Gambino. Giann F Gamboa. Peter J Ganci. Claude
:43:27. > :43:37.Michael Gann. Lt Charles William Garbarini. Cesar Garcia. David
:43:37. > :43:39.
:43:39. > :43:43.Garcia. Jorge Luis Morron Garcia. Juan Garcia. Marlyn C Garcia.
:43:43. > :43:48.This reading of the names of those who died, part of the rhythm now of