:00:00. > :00:08.On this day every year Britain remembers the Holocaust -
:00:09. > :00:12.the murder of six million Jews by the Nazis.
:00:13. > :00:15.The deliberate attempt to exterminate an entire community
:00:16. > :00:21.And here at the Guildhall in London, 200 survivors are among those
:00:22. > :00:24.gathered for this year's commemoration.
:00:25. > :00:33.On Holocaust Memorial Day we also remember genocides elsewhere -
:00:34. > :00:38.Cambodia, Bosnia, Rwanda, Darfur.
:00:39. > :00:43.And human beings' capacity to hate is even seen in Britain -
:00:44. > :00:46.where research released today suggests one in ten people have been
:00:47. > :00:51.the victims of a hate incident or crime.
:00:52. > :00:55.Today, candles will be lit in memory of those persecuted and killed
:00:56. > :00:59.in the Holocaust and since, their fate is a reminder not only
:01:00. > :01:21.of the horror but of where hate and racism can lead.
:01:22. > :01:36.Then they came for the Trade Unionists
:01:37. > :02:17.Welcome to this commemoration marking Holocaust Memorial Day,
:02:18. > :02:21.one of many events taking place across the country.
:02:22. > :02:25.And a special welcome to the survivors of the Holocaust
:02:26. > :02:31.and those who have survived more recent genocides.
:02:32. > :02:34.We are here to remember the six million Jews,
:02:35. > :02:37.who were exterminated by the Nazis in a planned,
:02:38. > :02:46.One and a half million of whom were babies and children.
:02:47. > :02:48.Millions of others, including Roma, political prisoners,
:02:49. > :02:54.homosexuals and disabled people were all targeted and murdered.
:02:55. > :02:58.We also remember the genocides that have taken place in Cambodia,
:02:59. > :03:10.The Holocaust threatened the very fabric of civilisation.
:03:11. > :03:13.Yet the road that led to the horrors of Auschwitz,
:03:14. > :03:17.Treblinka and Sobibor, began years earlier.
:03:18. > :03:22.Historian David Olusoga returned to Bergen-Belsen to trace the path
:03:23. > :03:25.of escalation that resulted in the scenes that so shocked
:03:26. > :03:29.the world at the end of the Second World War
:03:30. > :03:59.When the British Army arrived here in 1945 they encountered a camp
:04:00. > :04:03.that was overcrowded with tens of thousands of starving and dying
:04:04. > :04:07.people, a camp that had been completely overwhelmed by disease
:04:08. > :04:10.and, perhaps most shockingly, a camp that had become
:04:11. > :04:26.There were thousands of bodies piled up across the camp.
:04:27. > :04:28.What the British soldiers who arrived here had stumbled
:04:29. > :04:34.across was a place that revealed the full scale of Nazi barbarism.
:04:35. > :04:37.Those liberated by the allies across Europe in 1945 were survivors
:04:38. > :04:41.of the brutal concentration and extermination camps established
:04:42. > :04:46.Barbarous institutions where millions of people had been
:04:47. > :04:50.sent to be worked to death, or worse, to be killed
:04:51. > :05:00.For millions of people places like Auschwitz represented the final
:05:01. > :05:04.phase in a nightmare that had begun back in 1933 when Hitler
:05:05. > :05:15.From the early days of the Nazi regime anti-Semitism was actively
:05:16. > :05:27.Perhaps the most significant moment in the pre-war persecution
:05:28. > :05:30.of the Jews of Germany was Kristallnacht, the anti-Jewish
:05:31. > :05:37.Following a night of barbaric state-sponsored violence
:05:38. > :05:41.and vandalism, laws were passed banning Jews from owning businesses,
:05:42. > :05:43.from attending schools and eventually from public life
:05:44. > :05:49.If you were a Jew living under Hitler, the list of things
:05:50. > :05:53.you couldn't even own constantly expanded.
:05:54. > :05:56.A Jew for example couldn't own a radio, or a telephone,
:05:57. > :06:01.or a bicycle, or even a newspaper or a bottle of milk.
:06:02. > :06:05.By the end of 1941 this oppression was sealed with the enforcement
:06:06. > :06:13.Every Jew over the age of six was forced to wear a yellow star.
:06:14. > :06:16.Having been robbed of their livelihoods and their professions,
:06:17. > :06:20.the Jews now lost their homes, they were transported to ghettos,
:06:21. > :06:25.special compounds that were built right across the occupied areas.
:06:26. > :06:29.As the net of Nazi persecution widened across Europe,
:06:30. > :06:38.Hundreds of thousands died of disease and starvation.
:06:39. > :06:41.However, even this form of slow, agonising suffocation was not
:06:42. > :06:49.Execution squads were used to speed up the extermination of those deemed
:06:50. > :06:57.But it was decided that these methods were simply not efficient
:06:58. > :07:01.enough and now the Nazis began to look for an industrial solution
:07:02. > :07:08.The decision had been made to finally deliver on the ambition
:07:09. > :07:22.Camps were to be used as centres for death to obliterate not
:07:23. > :07:46.just their lives but their faith, their culture, their history.
:07:47. > :07:50.This is a significant place in lots of ways but it's significant
:07:51. > :07:54.in the story of the Holocaust in that it was the images taken
:07:55. > :07:59.here, the films and the photographs that were taken here that defined
:08:00. > :08:03.and give us the image, the reality of what the Holocaust was.
:08:04. > :08:07.This is one of those places that define the modern age,
:08:08. > :08:11.it's one of those places that I think is contaminated by history,
:08:12. > :08:15.too much happened here, too much misery and suffering took
:08:16. > :08:20.place on this spot for it ever to be anything other than a warning to us
:08:21. > :08:24.of what, what lies within us and what can happen
:08:25. > :08:54.In 1944 the Nazis and their Hungarian collaborators organised
:08:55. > :09:01.the deportation of Hungarian Jews: in less than two months from mid-May
:09:02. > :09:13.1944, almost all Jews were deported, mostly to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
:09:14. > :09:25.My father was imprisoned before and murdered.
:09:26. > :09:27.Along with Laci, my brother, and my mother, we were all sent
:09:28. > :09:42.to a ghetto in Vac and from there to a prison camp.
:09:43. > :09:44.In late May 1944, we were sent by cattle truck to Auschwitz-Birkenau.
:09:45. > :09:46.In the wagons the sounds were crying, praying,
:09:47. > :10:03.The only consoling mantra for us - we were abandoned.
:10:04. > :10:05.On arrival we scrambled out of the trucks, and men and women
:10:06. > :10:10.I was also then separated from my mother who was sent to join
:10:11. > :10:18.I was left on my own, surrounded by shouting,
:10:19. > :10:24.I soon learned that my mother had been sent directly
:10:25. > :10:45.My emotions shut me down, shut me off fromst world. I survived as a
:10:46. > :10:51.robot. From there I was used as a slave labourer in Guben, Germany. We
:10:52. > :10:55.were sent on a death march in the bitter cold. Over frozen fields, to
:10:56. > :11:04.a place of death. Bergen-Belsen. On 15 April 1945 I was liberated
:11:05. > :11:20.by the British Army. I managed to crawl out and they
:11:21. > :11:25.picked me up and placed me in a clean bed.
:11:26. > :11:30.How do you get over such an experience?
:11:31. > :11:44.There was no revenge. There was no justice. I chose to walk away and
:11:45. > :11:47.rebuild my life in the hope of a just and hate-free future for all of
:11:48. > :11:50.us. Thank you. And now preparing to carry six
:11:51. > :12:08.memorial candles to the stage are young people working with
:12:09. > :12:12.the Holocaust Memorial Day Trust who have committed to continue
:12:13. > :12:14.the work of the survivors in ending hatred and racism amongst
:12:15. > :12:47.their own generation. # Et ne ultra memineris
:12:48. > :13:07.iniquitatis nostrae # Ecce respice populus
:13:08. > :13:13.tuus omnes nos # Civitas sancti tui
:13:14. > :13:21.facta est deserta. # Et ne ultra memineris
:13:22. > :13:29.iniquitatis nostrae # Ecce respice populus
:13:30. > :13:43.tuus omnes nos # Civitas sancti tui
:13:44. > :13:55.facta est deserta. Everything we have heard
:13:56. > :16:37.happened because cultured, educated Europe allowed an evil
:16:38. > :16:48.ideology to take root. by in the face of what was
:16:49. > :16:52.happening around them - some afraid to speak out -
:16:53. > :16:59.many simply indifferent. But a few brave people
:17:00. > :17:02.refused to be bystanders, and would not accept that some
:17:03. > :17:05.people's lives were deemed to be One person who took a stance
:17:06. > :17:13.was Frank Foley. A British diplomat who was also
:17:14. > :17:18.an MI6 agent working in Berlin. Liable for arrest at any time,
:17:19. > :17:23.he ignored the rules to help countless Jews escape
:17:24. > :17:28.from Nazi Germany, among them We left Cologne in June 1939,
:17:29. > :17:42.it was just about two-and-a-half I think it was July
:17:43. > :18:00.1939 and we went, came When I left Berlin I
:18:01. > :18:07.was seven-years-old. As far as I'm concerned,
:18:08. > :18:10.Frank Foley saved our lives, By the end of Hitler's first year
:18:11. > :18:15.in power an estimated 65,000 Germans had fled the country,
:18:16. > :18:17.the vast majority Frank Foley worked secretly behind
:18:18. > :18:27.the scenes to help as many as 10,000 Jews to escape the rising climate
:18:28. > :18:31.of fear and persecution. Jewish people were queuing
:18:32. > :18:38.outside embassies, Here they were only too happy to get
:18:39. > :18:45.rid of the Jews but they wanted My family didn't have money
:18:46. > :18:53.and I suppose it was very difficult to do all that and to
:18:54. > :18:56.get all that together. At great personal risk Frank Foley
:18:57. > :18:59.broke the rules to grant visas without the required financial
:19:00. > :19:01.guarantees. He worked around the clock to answer
:19:02. > :19:04.thousands of requests from people I remember very well the Sunday
:19:05. > :19:17.morning when we received this letter, my best friend
:19:18. > :19:23.was with us at the time and we jumped up for joy,
:19:24. > :19:26.we really didn't know what hit us. And immediately after
:19:27. > :19:27.that, we started making Our papers were -
:19:28. > :19:31.I wouldn't exactly say forged, but certainly there was some
:19:32. > :19:41.skulduggery going on that, For my brother and I,
:19:42. > :19:44.the papers As far as Frank Foley is concerned,
:19:45. > :19:49.I did not find out anything We thought until then that we'd been
:19:50. > :19:54.issued a visa by mistake and only hoped that somebody else
:19:55. > :19:57.wasn't suffering as a result. I found out when somebody
:19:58. > :20:00.was researching my husband's story and we discovered
:20:01. > :20:02.the papers and that was when we found out that it had been
:20:03. > :20:05.stamped by Frank Foley. Frank Foley returned
:20:06. > :20:08.to Britain in 1939. His brave and selfless behaviour
:20:09. > :20:10.remained a largely untold secret Of my own family that did not
:20:11. > :20:30.emmigrate, none survived Frank Foley is my saviour
:20:31. > :20:41.and my saint. Not everyone can be a Frank Foley
:20:42. > :20:46.and save tens of thousands of lives, but during the Holocaust,
:20:47. > :20:48.acts of humanity took huge Each gesture a defiance
:20:49. > :20:57.against the prevailing ideology. Joan Salter and Cirla Lewis are here
:20:58. > :21:04.today because of such gestures. As foreign Jews living
:21:05. > :21:10.in Paris my family were required to register weekly at
:21:11. > :21:18.the local police station. On a hot July day my mother,
:21:19. > :21:22.older sister and I waited our turn My sister started tugging
:21:23. > :21:30.on my dress, demanding mother put me
:21:31. > :21:34.down and pick her up instead. I started crying, my sister
:21:35. > :21:39.continued whining and the official screamed at my mother
:21:40. > :21:47.to remove us from the office. Terrified, my mother waited outside
:21:48. > :21:51.until everyone else had registered. Timidly she approached another
:21:52. > :21:56.policeman, a much more kindly man and he warned my mother
:21:57. > :21:59.that we were to be rounded up That night the Resistance smuggled
:22:00. > :22:10.us out of Paris in the back That act of kindness by a very brave
:22:11. > :22:17.man saved our lives. Sadly I recently came
:22:18. > :22:20.across a report which said that 33 policemen had been shot for helping
:22:21. > :22:38.Jews escape that Paris roundup. During the war, I was a young child
:22:39. > :22:53.growing up in Belgium. My father was deported to a French
:22:54. > :22:56.labour camp and finished up My mother and I were forced
:22:57. > :23:07.into hiding in Antwerp. At first, we stayed
:23:08. > :23:15.with Marie Arekens, a devout Catholic who lived opposite
:23:16. > :23:20.the Gestapo headquarters. We were later taken in by Betty
:23:21. > :23:27.and Jean-Louis Liem, in Ghent. Though we were complete strangers
:23:28. > :23:30.to them, they hid us in their home, along with a British airman
:23:31. > :23:34.and a member of the In hiding Jews, Marie Arekens
:23:35. > :23:48.and the Liem family knew they were risking
:23:49. > :23:51.their lives to help us. My mother and I stayed
:23:52. > :23:57.with the family for 18 months and were not discovered,
:23:58. > :24:03.and we survived the war. After I came to live
:24:04. > :24:06.in England I was determined that the bravery of those
:24:07. > :24:13.who saved me should be recognised. On 10th September 1997,
:24:14. > :24:24.Yad Vashem posthumously honoured the Liem Family and Marie Arekens
:24:25. > :24:43."Righteous Among the Nations". The Nazis didn't want to just
:24:44. > :24:59.exterminate the Jews, but to obliterate all traces
:25:00. > :25:02.of what had been vibrant and flourishing Jewish
:25:03. > :25:07.life and communities. Clinging onto their sense
:25:08. > :25:11.of identity, preserving Jewish culture and recording Nazi crimes
:25:12. > :25:18.became acts of resistance. David Graber was a young man living
:25:19. > :25:23.in the Warsaw Ghetto. One of 400,000 Jews crammed
:25:24. > :25:26.into an area of less than one Imprisoned behind ten-foot-high
:25:27. > :25:36.walls topped with barbed wire and guarded 24 hours a day,
:25:37. > :25:38.83,000 people died Unable to pay burial taxes,
:25:39. > :25:48.many families were forced to leave bodies
:25:49. > :26:02.where they lay in the streets. Despite these appalling conditions
:26:03. > :26:05.where simply getting through every day took a huge amount of strength,
:26:06. > :26:07.a small group looked beyond the daily struggle
:26:08. > :26:09.to the future. Aged only 19 David
:26:10. > :26:11.Graber was among them. David and his colleagues met
:26:12. > :26:13.secretly on the Sabbath led by the historian
:26:14. > :26:15.Emanuel Ringelblum. They collected thousands
:26:16. > :26:22.of items: diaries, letters, official papers, and
:26:23. > :26:26.the fragments of everyday life. Such as tram
:26:27. > :26:29.tickets and sweet wrappers. The aim was to create a secret
:26:30. > :26:32.archive documenting the way Jews The cultural and historical archive
:26:33. > :26:46.was code-named Onag Shabbat meaning In the summer of 1942 mass
:26:47. > :27:00.deportations took place from the ghetto to the extermination
:27:01. > :27:02.camp at Treblinka. For David and his fellow activists
:27:03. > :27:05.it became imperative to preserve the archive for a future
:27:06. > :27:08.they might not live to see. The precious documents were stored
:27:09. > :27:10.in milk churns and boxes, then buried in three separate
:27:11. > :27:12.locations in the ghetto. After the war, two of the three milk
:27:13. > :27:15.churns were discovered and found amongst the papers was
:27:16. > :27:18.David Graber's last testament. I would love to live to see
:27:19. > :27:24.the moment in which the great treasure will be dug up and shriek
:27:25. > :27:28.to the world proclaiming the truth. So the ones who did not live
:27:29. > :27:34.through it may be glad, and we may feel like veterans
:27:35. > :27:38.with medals on our chest. We would be the fathers,
:27:39. > :27:40.the teachers and educators But no, we shall certainly
:27:41. > :27:47.never live to see it, and therefore do
:27:48. > :27:52.I write my last will. May the treasure fall into good
:27:53. > :27:57.hands, may it last into better times, may it alarm and alert
:27:58. > :28:01.the world to what happened and what was played out
:28:02. > :28:03.in the 20th Century. David Graber died in
:28:04. > :28:16.the Warsaw Ghetto at some point after writing this testament
:28:17. > :28:19.on 3rd August 1942. The Warsaw Ghetto was the place of
:28:20. > :28:32.an heroic act of armed resistance. In response to the deportations
:28:33. > :28:37.and threats to crush the remaining population, the starving
:28:38. > :28:39.and weakened Jews of Warsaw rose up With only a small number of weapons
:28:40. > :28:45.smuggled into the ghetto they fought against the organised
:28:46. > :28:46.and well-equipped SS For four extraordinary
:28:47. > :28:55.weeks they held out, but in the end paid a heavy price
:28:56. > :29:03.for their resistance. 7,000 died during the
:29:04. > :29:05.fighting - a further 50,000 were captured
:29:06. > :29:07.and sent to forced labour A small number of Jews managed
:29:08. > :29:16.to evade the Nazis and joined Partisan groups, and carried out
:29:17. > :29:19.acts of sabotage against The song they sang found its way
:29:20. > :29:27.into the ghettos and even Throughout Europe, persecuted Jews
:29:28. > :29:53.sang an anthem of resistance. The Holocaust was unprecedented
:29:54. > :32:25.and shook the very foundations The world's response
:32:26. > :32:32.was 'Never Again', yet genocides have happened again,
:32:33. > :32:38.and again, and again. Killing people purely
:32:39. > :32:41.because of the faith or community they belong to, often
:32:42. > :32:44.with the active involvement Since the Second World War,
:32:45. > :32:49.genocides have taken place in Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia,
:32:50. > :32:54.and is ongoing in Darfur, The testimony you are about to hear
:32:55. > :33:04.is that of a young woman whose family are from the Fur Tribe
:33:05. > :33:06.of black Africans, who have suffered The Sudanese Government have
:33:07. > :33:13.supported Arab militia, known as the Janjaweed,
:33:14. > :33:16.who have destroyed hundreds of villages and murdered
:33:17. > :33:21.thousands of people. She is so afraid of reprisals
:33:22. > :33:25.against her family who are still in Darfur that she cannot
:33:26. > :33:29.appear this evening, but she has asked for her story
:33:30. > :33:43.to be read on her behalf. In the summer of 2004 I was working
:33:44. > :33:47.in Khartoum when I heard news that my father had been killed
:33:48. > :33:51.and my mother had been kidnapped when the Janjaweed
:33:52. > :33:55.attacked our village. When I found out about what had
:33:56. > :33:57.happened I went with my fiance Whilst we were there
:33:58. > :34:03.the Janjaweed came back. They chased us on a horse
:34:04. > :34:09.and we were shot at several times and he was killed,
:34:10. > :34:14.I was shot in my leg. I waited four hours with my fiance
:34:15. > :34:18.after he was killed, with his head on my lap,
:34:19. > :34:23.until somebody came to help me. A year later I received an anonymous
:34:24. > :34:28.call at my personal office. A man asked me why I had been
:34:29. > :34:32.the year before at my home village. At that time the government
:34:33. > :34:35.was looking for people who might be I was being watched inside my own
:34:36. > :34:45.office but I didn't realise it. In the summer of 2006
:34:46. > :34:50.I was walking along the street near to where I lived when three men
:34:51. > :34:53.jumped out of a pick-up truck, grabbing me and forcing
:34:54. > :34:57.me into the vehicle. I was taken into an office
:34:58. > :35:00.where the head man was. He told me it is only prostitutes
:35:01. > :35:04.who work with rebels. I said to him, "I am not a rebel
:35:05. > :35:08.and I am not a prostitute either." A man on my right hit me
:35:09. > :35:11.with the back of his gun, and told me not to talk
:35:12. > :35:15.to the boss like that. They said the money I sent
:35:16. > :35:17.to my family in Darfur I told them, "I was not sending any
:35:18. > :35:22.money to any rebels, I'm just someone with a broken heart
:35:23. > :35:28.who is looking after my family". The man in charge said he wanted
:35:29. > :35:30.to examine me to see if I was a prostitute,
:35:31. > :35:34.so I was taken to a small room which was full of dried
:35:35. > :35:39.blood on the floor. The boss started
:35:40. > :35:42.to remove my clothes. I tried to resist but he was too
:35:43. > :35:48.strong and he stabbed me in the breast and the palm
:35:49. > :35:52.of my hand with a knife. I tried to escape but two
:35:53. > :35:57.men stood in the door. At the police station,
:35:58. > :36:07.I was told no one had reported the security force before,
:36:08. > :36:12.it's better if you go away. I couldn't talk to anybody,
:36:13. > :36:16.in my culture you cannot I was taken from the same street
:36:17. > :36:29.in the same way as before but this I was interrogated with a knife held
:36:30. > :36:38.under my chin, and forced to give I was raped by individuals
:36:39. > :36:48.as well as groups. I was beaten and tortured so badly
:36:49. > :36:53.that I have scars on my stomach, That is when I said to myself
:36:54. > :37:02.I will never ever let them get me Two months later I left
:37:03. > :37:08.Sudan for Europe. The Darfuri singer Shurooq Abu el
:37:09. > :37:24.Nas fled Sudan in 1989 She will now perform a special
:37:25. > :37:28.version of the song Um Al Yatama, The song has been banned
:37:29. > :37:35.by the Sudanese Government because of its message of sympathy
:37:36. > :37:39.for a struggling war widow. MUSIC: Um Al Yatama
:37:40. > :39:11.By Shurooq Abu el Nas Please welcome to the stage
:39:12. > :39:26.the Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth,
:39:27. > :39:43.Chief Rabbi Mirvis. If during the concluding years of
:39:44. > :39:49.the Republic, the Germany electorate would have placed greater confidence
:39:50. > :39:57.in democracy, then perhaps the Nazis would not have seized power, but as
:39:58. > :40:03.is well-known, sometimes poverty and desperation can become the allies of
:40:04. > :40:10.the politics of hatred. If after the Nazis made the Jews into scapegoats,
:40:11. > :40:19.claiming that they were responsible for everything, the German people
:40:20. > :40:23.would have said aloud, no, this is a lie, then perhaps legislation
:40:24. > :40:31.against the Jews could have been prevented. But, unfortunately,
:40:32. > :40:37.sometimes it is just easier to be quiet, while everyone around one is
:40:38. > :40:52.turning a blind eye to everything that is wrong. If the employees in
:40:53. > :40:56.the pesticide factory, if they had turned to their employers and said,
:40:57. > :41:04."Why are we making more of this product? What is it going to be used
:41:05. > :41:09.for?" Then perhaps the murderers might not have had at their disposal
:41:10. > :41:17.the means through which to carry on with their efficient killing
:41:18. > :41:25.machine. But sometimes the easiest way forward is not to ask the
:41:26. > :41:33.difficult questions. But war is complex and it's often difficult to
:41:34. > :41:39.take critical decisions. If in the aftermath of the war, when there was
:41:40. > :41:45.a chorus of never again ringing loudly around the globe, our
:41:46. > :41:52.societies would have internalised the lessons from the Holocaust, then
:41:53. > :41:56.we could have applied them to prevent other tragedies and
:41:57. > :42:07.genocides from taking place, and so many millions of lives could have
:42:08. > :42:14.been saved. But Bosnia, Cambodia, Darfur, Rwanda, they seem, for so
:42:15. > :42:25.many, to be so far away and irrelevant. So many ifs and so many
:42:26. > :42:30.buts. Six million precious Jewish souls perished in the midst of a sea
:42:31. > :42:36.of silence. Let us today make a commitment in the presence of
:42:37. > :42:41.Holocaust survivors and survivors of tragedies and genocides since then,
:42:42. > :42:46.that we will learn the lessons of the Holocaust and those tragedies,
:42:47. > :42:53.we will internalise that information and in the future we will never
:42:54. > :43:01.stand idly by. Let us declare with a full heart with much passion and
:43:02. > :43:04.total sincerity never again, no ifs and no buts.
:43:05. > :43:22.How do we comprehend the idea of six million people?
:43:23. > :43:26.If a minute's silence was held for every Jewish victim
:43:27. > :43:33.of the Holocaust, the world would be silent for more than 11 years.
:43:34. > :43:37.In the camps human beings were reduced to numbers -
:43:38. > :43:41.stripped of humanity, stripped even of a name,
:43:42. > :43:49.identified only by a series of digits tattooed on their arms.
:43:50. > :43:54.But behind every number was an individual with a life,
:43:55. > :44:05.friends, family, likes and dislikes, hopes and aspirations.
:44:06. > :44:08.Nusia Landau, Dziunia Grubsztein, and Lusia Millier were young friends
:44:09. > :44:14.Ordinary schoolgirls who loved to read novels and
:44:15. > :44:19.Everything changed when the deportations began and the three
:44:20. > :44:21.young girls sent their photographs along with a last message
:44:22. > :44:25.to their friend, Bronia, who had already left Piotrkow.
:44:26. > :44:29.Bronia survived the war and kept the photographs.
:44:30. > :44:32.Today we say their names, we see their faces,
:44:33. > :44:41.Nusia wrote, "If it has to be like this, if it has to be the end
:44:42. > :44:48.let my picture be a memento of the old days."
:44:49. > :44:53.Lusia's last words show how aware she was of what lay ahead.
:44:54. > :44:57."It is terribly, terribly sad when young people are dying.
:44:58. > :45:01.Because everything, everything in me wants to live.
:45:02. > :45:04.Especially at such a young age, because at the age of 13 one begins
:45:05. > :45:10.Perhaps it is good that it is at such an early age.
:45:11. > :45:20.And Dziunia wrote simply, "Bronia, now there will be nothing,
:45:21. > :45:31.But there was so much - there could have been so much more."
:45:32. > :45:50.A powerful reminder of the many young lives lost in the Holocaust
:45:51. > :45:53.when 1 million children were killed. The six candles on the stage will
:45:54. > :45:58.now be lit in the memory of Jewish and other victims of the Nazis and
:45:59. > :46:07.of those murdered in genocides in Cambodia, Osney, Rwanda and Darfur
:46:08. > :46:14.-- Bosnia. Jennifer Pike will play the theme from Schindler's List.
:46:15. > :50:54.MUSIC: Theme from Schindler's List By John Williams
:50:55. > :52:28.B'gan eiden t'hei m'nuchatam Adonai hu nachalatam.
:52:29. > :53:31.Elie Wiesel was 16 years old when he was deported
:53:32. > :53:35.from Hungary to Auschwitz, together with his family.
:53:36. > :53:40.His mother and youngest sister were murdered on arrival.
:53:41. > :53:43.His father died in Buchenwald days after he and Elie had arrived
:53:44. > :53:53.Elie survived, and after the war he wrote, 'Night', one of the best
:53:54. > :53:58.In 1986 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
:53:59. > :54:04.for his tireless campaigning to preserve the memory
:54:05. > :54:07.of the Holocaust and to raise awareness of other genocides.
:54:08. > :54:16.This is an extract from his acceptance speech.
:54:17. > :54:26.I remember: it happened yesterday or eternities ago.
:54:27. > :54:31.A young Jewish boy discovered the kingdom of night.
:54:32. > :54:34.I remember his bewilderment, I remember his anguish.
:54:35. > :54:48.The fiery altar upon which the history of our people
:54:49. > :54:53.and the future of mankind were meant to be sacrificed.
:54:54. > :54:59.I remember: he asked his father: "Can this be true?"
:55:00. > :55:03.This is the 20th Century, not the Middle Ages.
:55:04. > :55:07.Who would allow such crimes to be committed?
:55:08. > :55:15.And now the boy is turning to me: "Tell me," he asks.
:55:16. > :55:32.That I have tried to keep memory alive, that I have tried to fight
:55:33. > :55:43.Because if we forget, we are guilty, we are accomplices.
:55:44. > :55:46.And then I explained to him how naive we were, that the world did
:55:47. > :55:53.And that is why I swore never to be silent whenever and wherever human
:55:54. > :55:57.beings endure suffering and humiliation.
:55:58. > :56:07.Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim.
:56:08. > :56:12.Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented.
:56:13. > :56:21.When human lives are endangered, when human dignity is in jeopardy,
:56:22. > :56:27.national borders and sensitivities become irrelevant.
:56:28. > :56:30.Wherever men or women are persecuted because of their race,
:56:31. > :56:36.religion, or political views, that place must - at that moment -
:56:37. > :56:59.MUSIC: A Song of Hope By Howard Goodall
:57:00. > :57:34.# That nothing could survive the grief
:57:35. > :57:42.# The loss, the void with which we could not cope
:57:43. > :57:51.# Once our senses, paralysed by disbelief, took fright and anger
:57:52. > :58:06.# See, see, the gift of life you granted
:58:07. > :58:15.# See, see, the seeds of hope you planted
:58:16. > :58:43.# In ev'ry avenue, on ev'ry sun-scorched frontier.
:58:44. > :58:50.# See, see, the dreams of generations.
:58:51. > :58:52.# See, see, new destinies and nations.
:58:53. > :59:27.# Your names and faiths will survive.
:59:28. > :59:28.# Your words and prayers will survive
:59:29. > :59:54.And with that Song Of Hope This Holocaust Day Of Memorial Service
:59:55. > :59:58.Comes To An End. We Hope That One Day Humanity Will Live Up To The
:59:59. > :00:02.Promises Of Never Again And Thus Truly Learn From This Dark Chapter
:00:03. > :00:04.In Our History.