:00:11. > :00:16.Tonight at Ten. Gaddafi still on the run as the battle for Tripoli
:00:16. > :00:19.claims more lives. Intense fighting around Gaddafi's
:00:19. > :00:23.compound. He calls on loyalists to take up arms.
:00:23. > :00:30.In the network of tunnels underground, a glimpse of the
:00:30. > :00:34.hidden world of the old regime. This secret world was incredibly
:00:34. > :00:39.well constructed, the ceilings very high, the walls very solid.
:00:39. > :00:43.Now it's the battle for Sirte. Gaddafi's home city is where the
:00:43. > :00:46.rebels encounter tough opposition. And the price paid by Gaddafi's
:00:46. > :00:51.enemies is increasingly clear. We have a Special Report.
:00:51. > :00:54.They're going to take these four away and bury them soon. They've
:00:54. > :00:58.all obviously died of gunshot wounds at close range.
:00:58. > :01:03.We'll have the latest from Tripoli where there's a desperate shortage
:01:03. > :01:08.of food, fuel and medical supplies. Also tonight:
:01:08. > :01:12.Another record year for GCSE passes. We report from a school doing well
:01:12. > :01:17.in a challenging area. A surge in net migration to Britain.
:01:17. > :01:21.Ministers say the new rules will soon make a difference.
:01:21. > :01:31.And what's the future for Apple now that the man behind all of this is
:01:31. > :01:55.
:01:55. > :02:00.Good Evening. As rebel forces consolidate their
:02:00. > :02:02.hold on most of Tripoli, there's been another broadcast message from
:02:02. > :02:07.Colonel Gaddafi calling for the city to be liberated.
:02:07. > :02:11.Fighting has been continuing throughout the day amid reports of
:02:11. > :02:15.atrocities committed by Gaddafi's retreating forces. There's growing
:02:16. > :02:19.concern about the shortage of food, fuel and medical supplies. In
:02:19. > :02:23.central Tripoli, the heaviest fighting has been near Gaddafi's
:02:23. > :02:33.old compound. Our correspondent, Orla Gearin, was there, and her
:02:33. > :02:37.report contains some graphic images. Descending into Colonel Gaddafi's
:02:37. > :02:42.underground fortress. A warren of tunnels which run for
:02:42. > :02:46.miles and could have been his escape route.
:02:46. > :02:54.Today, rebel fighters were taking the tour, seeing where Gaddafi's
:02:54. > :03:01.troops had been holed up. Abandoned in a corner, some of
:03:01. > :03:05.their supplies. This underground labyrinth, this secret world, was
:03:05. > :03:09.incredibly well constructed, the ceilings here are very high, the
:03:09. > :03:13.walls are very solid. Over here, I've just found a phone which was
:03:13. > :03:17.obviously used for internal communications. This is a kind of a
:03:17. > :03:22.motorised cart, looks like a golf buggy. Who knows if the Libyan
:03:22. > :03:27.leader was transported through the tunnels in this cart.
:03:27. > :03:32.Colonel Gaddafi thought he wouldn't be disturbed here behind these
:03:32. > :03:36.reinforced doors. But while he may have been able to
:03:36. > :03:41.flee Into the Shadows, above ground others were cut down in the battle
:03:41. > :03:46.for Tripoli. At the edge of the compound today,
:03:46. > :03:51.we found bodies lying where they fell. Gaddafi loyalists one rebel
:03:51. > :03:56.said. We can't be sure who killed them, but one man appeared to have
:03:56. > :04:00.been executed. He had been shot through the head with his hands
:04:00. > :04:04.still bound. A short distance away in Abu Salim
:04:04. > :04:11.district, the rebels are hunting for a sniper's nest, but up ahead,
:04:11. > :04:21.a glimpse of a bigger threat, could these be enemy troops?
:04:21. > :04:28.
:04:28. > :04:37.That was the answer. The fighters were dangerously
:04:37. > :04:47.exposed. They brought out their improvised big guns. And their
:04:47. > :04:51.
:04:51. > :04:53.Another long burst of rebel gun fire there. They believe they are
:04:53. > :04:59.Colonel Gaddafi's troops just a little distance up this road.
:04:59. > :05:02.They've been trying to push forward. They say it's...
:05:03. > :05:10.GUN FIRE For about an hour, we were pinned
:05:10. > :05:14.down. Then, it was time to make a get-away. The rebels were running
:05:14. > :05:22.low on ammunition. We escaped with two bullet holes in
:05:22. > :05:28.our car. This was just one pocket of resistance. Who knows how many
:05:28. > :05:33.more there may be. Let's go... The rebels are
:05:33. > :05:42.tightening their grip here, but in the capital, these are still
:05:42. > :05:46.dangerous days. The BBC team in Tripoli has been
:05:46. > :05:49.shown evidence of atrocities alleged to have been committed by
:05:50. > :05:55.Gaddafi's forces in the days before the fall of the city. It's reported
:05:55. > :05:59.that one group of men was tortured and then shot. This report from our
:05:59. > :06:04.World Affairs Editor, John Simpson also contains some graphic images.
:06:04. > :06:09.The breakdown of the kind of systems most societies take for
:06:09. > :06:14.granted is almost total here. There's little electricity, no safe
:06:14. > :06:18.water, no rubbish collection. The empty shells from yesterday's wild
:06:18. > :06:23.outbursts of firing still lie around everywhere and there are no
:06:23. > :06:27.police on the streets. The rebels who've manned the checkpoints are
:06:27. > :06:31.friendly and still buoyed up by their victory.
:06:31. > :06:38.But they're no substitute for proper law and order. People have
:06:38. > :06:42.to take things into their own hands. At the biggest hospital in Tripoli,
:06:42. > :06:45.they were cleaning the blood off the stretchers this morning, using
:06:45. > :06:49.water taken from the air conditioning system.
:06:49. > :06:53.Things are much quieter here today and the doctors who've worked four
:06:54. > :07:00.straight days and nights can get a bit of rest. Although the pressure
:07:00. > :07:03.on the hospital has been immense, it's just managed to cope.
:07:03. > :07:08.It's the hospitals that are starting to see evidence of some of
:07:09. > :07:13.the last crimes of the Gaddafi regime. At this one, the bodies of
:07:13. > :07:19.25 political prisoners were brought from their jail on Sunday as the
:07:19. > :07:25.rebels began their final attack on Tripoli, and they were herded into
:07:25. > :07:31.the open and shot down. Well, the stench here is absolutely
:07:31. > :07:35.appalling. These bodies have been lying out for some time now. There
:07:35. > :07:40.are altogether, 15 left unburied and they're going to take these
:07:40. > :07:44.four away and bury them soon. They've all obviously died of
:07:44. > :07:50.gunshot wounds at close range. But one of the prisoners survived
:07:50. > :07:55.and I went to see him. His name is Mansour Al-Hadi and he told me
:07:55. > :07:59.they'd been picked up, tortured then taken out where a uniformed
:07:59. > :08:03.pro-Gaddafi soldier and two African mercenaries had opened fire on them.
:08:03. > :08:07.The rebels may control the streets, but Colonel Gaddafi's still trying
:08:07. > :08:12.to give the impression he is staging a fightback. This was his
:08:12. > :08:15.latest broadcast today on a secret television station set up to
:08:15. > :08:20.support him. TRANSLATION: Libya belongs to you,
:08:20. > :08:23.Libya is yours, Tripoli for the people of Tripoli, it's not for the
:08:23. > :08:29.traitors who frustrate themselves before NATO, they are traitors,
:08:29. > :08:33.they are foreigners. Tripoli belongs to you.
:08:33. > :08:38.The rebels are still celebrating. This group comes from Misrata and
:08:38. > :08:43.they've just met up with their comrades.
:08:43. > :08:47.The constant firing in the air is a nuisance. But even though most of
:08:47. > :08:52.the rebels come from other parts of the country, they aren't behaving
:08:52. > :08:56.like a conquering army and there have been no reports of looting or
:08:56. > :09:04.mistreating ordinary people. They're full of confidence about
:09:04. > :09:08.the future. This is Marwan who's come from Wolverhampton. We can do
:09:08. > :09:13.it, we've done it with Gaddafi and we can build it ourselves. We can
:09:13. > :09:17.build houses and do everything for our people.
:09:17. > :09:21.Colonel Gaddafi's regime did huge damage to Libya, the vast oil
:09:21. > :09:30.wealth was spent on things like his palaces, this one for instance,
:09:30. > :09:35.rather than on the Libyan people. Now, it's payback time.
:09:35. > :09:39.All the signs are that Gaddafi's last remaining stronghold is the
:09:39. > :09:43.city of Sirte. His birthplace still home to many loyal supporters too.
:09:43. > :09:48.Rebel forces have been advancing towards the city during the day but
:09:48. > :09:52.their progress has been blocked by Gaddafi's forces. Sirte is some 280
:09:52. > :09:56.miles to the east of Tripoli and the rebel frontline is now thought
:09:56. > :10:06.to be some 60 miles from the city itself. Our correspondent, Paul
:10:06. > :10:06.
:10:06. > :10:11.Wood, sent this report. It's not quite over yet. This
:10:11. > :10:21.afternoon, Grad rockets exchanged fire in the desert.
:10:21. > :10:27.
:10:27. > :10:31.The rebels are pushing up reinforcements with. 60 miles from
:10:31. > :10:35.Sirte, Gaddafi's birthplace. There the troops are expected to make a
:10:35. > :10:38.last stand. We are engaged with the enemy from
:10:38. > :10:43.this morning with the heavy artillery. Maybe you could hear the
:10:43. > :10:46.explosions every now and again. have the chance today to go back to
:10:47. > :10:51.Sirte, but they did not. I think they are coming from Sirte now.
:10:51. > :10:55.They are still attacking? That's what you can see, they're attacking
:10:55. > :11:00.us. Such attacks could be to cover the retreat to Sirte. The rebels
:11:00. > :11:05.still hope that talks with tribal lead, there will end this
:11:05. > :11:10.peacefully. They're baffled by the continued resistance. Gaddafi ran
:11:10. > :11:12.away. They got Tripoli, game over. But apparently it's personal, I
:11:13. > :11:17.don't know what they're fighting for really. They must believe in
:11:17. > :11:20.this guy, I don't know. All around, the signs of Libya's
:11:20. > :11:25.oil wealth, but the infrastructure is broken.
:11:25. > :11:29.Even here in the shadow of the refinery, there are petrol queues.
:11:29. > :11:35.The rebels badly need international agreement to unfreeze a billion and
:11:35. > :11:39.a half dollars in assets. A complete military victory might
:11:39. > :11:43.help that. The rebel commanders had hoped and expected once Colonel
:11:43. > :11:48.Gaddafi was seen to have fled from Tripoli it would all be over, he'd
:11:48. > :11:53.have no more reason to fight. That expectation has been confounded. A
:11:53. > :11:59.rebel commander told me - there goes another one - he thought
:11:59. > :12:04.perhaps that the Gaddafi loyalists simply were not aware that their
:12:04. > :12:08.leader was now out of power. It could also be that they're afraid
:12:08. > :12:11.of revenge attacks. Whatever the cause, both sides are digging in
:12:11. > :12:21.here for a fight which commanders on this side certainly think could
:12:21. > :12:24.last another three or four days. Since Paul filed the report, some
:12:24. > :12:30.news from the United Nations. A deal has been struck during the
:12:30. > :12:34.course of the evening, to allow the release of one-and-a-half billion
:12:35. > :12:38.dollars of Libyan froze enfunds. Let's turn to John Simpson in
:12:38. > :12:42.Tripoli. How significant is that announcement and where will the
:12:42. > :12:47.money be spent, do you think? I think it's very significant, an
:12:47. > :12:51.indication that the world thinks that Libya is now heading in the
:12:51. > :12:55.right direction and should be helped to carry on in that
:12:55. > :13:01.direction. There's an enormous need, of course, for medicines at the
:13:01. > :13:05.moment. There is a great need for electricity, equipment to generate
:13:05. > :13:10.electricity and water, very great importance indeed. In the medium
:13:10. > :13:15.term, I think actually what this country needs, which is full of
:13:15. > :13:19.very educated people, it needs management skills. In the longer
:13:20. > :13:23.run, I think what they really need most of all is training to become a
:13:23. > :13:27.civil society like other democracies. They need training for
:13:27. > :13:36.politicians, for instance, for lawyers, judges, journalists,
:13:36. > :13:42.people who can create the kind of society that Libya could be if the
:13:42. > :13:46.money that's been squandered hopelessly around the world for 4 1
:13:46. > :13:56.years, nearly 4 2 years, can actually be spent on the Libyan
:13:56. > :14:10.
:14:10. > :14:16.It has been another record year for GCSE results. In England and Wales,
:14:16. > :14:25.results have improved for the 23rd year in a row. In Northern Ireland,
:14:25. > :14:30.they dropped slightly, compared to last year. Almost 70% of entries
:14:30. > :14:33.gained Grade C or above. One secondary achieving results far
:14:33. > :14:36.better than the English average is in Peckham, in south London, one of
:14:36. > :14:39.the areas badly affected by the riots earlier this month. Our home
:14:39. > :14:49.editor, Mark Easton, has been to see how young people in deprived
:14:49. > :14:53.
:14:53. > :14:57.areas can be helped to achieve The unconfined joy and disbelief of
:14:57. > :15:02.young people who have achieved the best from the neighbourhood where
:15:02. > :15:08.society expects the worst. In an area with sky-high levels of youth
:15:08. > :15:14.violence, school failure and unemployment, pupils Sacred Heart
:15:14. > :15:20.school have massively outperformed the GCSE national average. More
:15:20. > :15:27.than 80% got five good passes. The secret, according to the pupils
:15:27. > :15:33.themselves, is a school with rules. If you do not do your homework, it
:15:33. > :15:43.is detention, they actually make you do it. Is that good? Yes,
:15:43. > :15:47.because we get good results at the end of the day! The head teacher
:15:47. > :15:53.says his extraordinary success is down to a partnership with parents.
:15:53. > :15:57.If children misbehave at home, school might step in to help.
:15:57. > :16:01.little Johnny is late home, and Mummy is fed up with him coming
:16:01. > :16:05.home late, if they get in touch with me, or the head of year, or
:16:05. > :16:12.their teacher, little Johnny can have a Saturday morning detention
:16:12. > :16:16.for misbehaving at home. Earlier this month, Peckham saw
:16:16. > :16:20.running battles between looters and riot police, scenes of destruction
:16:20. > :16:25.involving young people from the same mistakes as the pupils of
:16:25. > :16:30.Sacred Heart. Two weeks later, it is hard to imagine how these
:16:30. > :16:33.streets descended into violence and anarchy. Apart from a couple of
:16:33. > :16:37.closed shops, windows have been replaced, the damage has been
:16:37. > :16:46.repaired. But what about the underlying social problems, can
:16:46. > :16:49.those be repaired? In 1997, Tony Blair came to Peckham, promising a
:16:49. > :16:54.new deal for communities. Hundreds of millions of pounds have since
:16:54. > :16:58.been spent regenerating the area. But it appears the money has washed
:16:58. > :17:03.over this neighbourhood without watering its roots.
:17:03. > :17:09.The money that is being spent is being spent on buildings, on
:17:09. > :17:14.computers, on sports centres. What these children need is human beings
:17:14. > :17:20.who are going to take care of them. There's no shortage of youth
:17:20. > :17:23.projects, but young people here have seen schemes come and go.
:17:23. > :17:28.While these dancers have found a discipline, many of their friends
:17:28. > :17:34.have lost hope. The youth share are angry, they have given up, sort of
:17:34. > :17:42.thing. They think, get arrested, I do not really care. I cannot afford
:17:42. > :17:47.university, I feel like I have not really got a future. Sacred Heart
:17:47. > :17:51.school insists Peckham's youth does have a future, but reaching out
:17:51. > :17:58.requires clear boundaries and the support of committed parents.
:17:58. > :18:05.Coming up on tonight's programme... Is Texas just bucking the trend? Or
:18:05. > :18:08.has it got the answers to America's There's been a big increase in net
:18:08. > :18:12.migration to Britain, thanks in part to a significant fall in the
:18:12. > :18:15.number of people leaving to live abroad. Last year, the difference
:18:15. > :18:20.between the number of people coming to live here and those leaving was
:18:20. > :18:24.239,000, a rise of nearly 21% on 2009. Ministers insist that changes
:18:24. > :18:34.they have made to the system will begin to make a difference soon, as
:18:34. > :18:36.
:18:36. > :18:42.You never used to see these on the British high street - the Polish
:18:42. > :18:46.shop. But since Eastern European countries joined the EU in 2004,
:18:46. > :18:53.more Poles have been exercising their right to find success in the
:18:53. > :18:56.UK. The standard of living is very low in Poland, the wages are low.
:18:56. > :19:04.And the cost of living is nearly the same as in this country. People
:19:04. > :19:08.in this shop, they earn five or six times more in England. Last year,
:19:08. > :19:13.the Conservatives pledged to radically reduce migration to
:19:13. > :19:17.Britain. I believe that will mean net migration to this country will
:19:17. > :19:21.be in the order of tens of thousands each year, not hundreds
:19:21. > :19:24.of thousands, as we have seen. migration, the Government's measure
:19:24. > :19:30.of success, is the difference between the number of people coming
:19:30. > :19:34.into the country and the number leaving. Getting it down to tens of
:19:34. > :19:38.1,000 means balancing the migration 1,000 means balancing the migration
:19:38. > :19:47.scales. In 2010, there were 574,000 immigrants. Almost balancing that
:19:47. > :19:56.were the people who emigrated... But by 2010, that number had fallen.
:19:56. > :20:00.Result? Net migration has risen. The Government cannot force British
:20:01. > :20:05.residents to emigrate, and under EU your, it cannot restrict the
:20:05. > :20:06.movements of European citizens. So it is limiting students and foreign
:20:06. > :20:11.it is limiting students and foreign workers to reduce levels of
:20:11. > :20:14.immigration. Those numbers are outweighed by
:20:14. > :20:18.increasing numbers of people coming from Eastern Europe, which the
:20:18. > :20:21.Government cannot do anything to control. There's a real danger for
:20:21. > :20:26.the Government in promising to do this, which it cannot deliver
:20:26. > :20:30.because large parts of immigration it cannot control.
:20:30. > :20:35.Ministers accept they can do nothing about Eastern Europeans now
:20:35. > :20:39.working here, but they do have hope. Any sensible government will
:20:39. > :20:43.control what it can control. We can control the numbers coming from
:20:43. > :20:49.outside the EU, who provide the vast bulk of the overall net
:20:49. > :20:55.migration increase. Some experts said tonight the
:20:55. > :20:59.Government could only hit its target if it ignored the thousands
:20:59. > :21:09.Poles already here, and measured success by the number of non-
:21:09. > :21:10.
:21:10. > :21:13.A fierce debate about the best way forward for the US economy has
:21:13. > :21:16.affected share prices, as investors wait for a major statement tomorrow
:21:16. > :21:18.by the chairman of the Federal Reserve, Ben Bernanke. He has been
:21:18. > :21:20.widely expected to unveil a new package to stimulate the struggling
:21:20. > :21:23.US economy. But some prominent Republicans, including presidential
:21:23. > :21:25.contender Rick Perry, are firmly opposed to spending more money.
:21:25. > :21:35.He's advocating the low-tax strategy of his native Texas, as
:21:35. > :21:44.
:21:44. > :21:47.They're prowled of their rodeo stars in Texas. Some boast the very
:21:47. > :21:52.virtues that have allowed them to hang on during the recession,
:21:52. > :21:57.bucking the trend, not least the governor...
:21:57. > :22:03.We have freed the entrepreneur to go out and create the jobs that in
:22:03. > :22:07.turn create the wealth. We're in the air, looking at a slice of the
:22:07. > :22:11.Texas miracle, a development that's bigger than Manhattan. It has got
:22:11. > :22:16.rail lines to bring in containers from around the world, the biggest
:22:16. > :22:24.cargo airport in America, and even an estate of homes for billionaires.
:22:24. > :22:30.So what is drawing companies to Texas? Very low tax, low regulation,
:22:30. > :22:35.pure economic freedom. You're free to do your work and build your
:22:35. > :22:39.business, that's what makes this state special. But Texas is not a
:22:39. > :22:43.great place to be poor. Employment is a bit better than average, many
:22:43. > :22:48.jobs are low-paid, many have no medical insurance and failed to
:22:48. > :22:52.finish school. This pastor is alarmed that in an attempt to
:22:52. > :23:00.balance the books, the education budget is being slashed. No-one
:23:00. > :23:03.really likes paying taxes. Lowering the taxes makes it easy for the
:23:03. > :23:10.haves to keep what they have, but it makes it harder for the have-
:23:10. > :23:16.nots. It is not good for us. here see a Texas miracle. But there
:23:16. > :23:23.is confidence in the state. It is rough right now, but it is not as
:23:23. > :23:27.bad as a lot of other states. of these buildings were not here 30
:23:27. > :23:35.years ago. Richard Fisher, of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, is
:23:35. > :23:41.proud of his city and his estate. He sees it as a model for the Horn
:23:41. > :23:45.of the USA, but he admits it is a choice. Very low taxes, and as a
:23:45. > :23:50.result of that, we have very low services which we deliver to the
:23:50. > :23:54.people. The nice thing in the United States is, you can vote with
:23:54. > :23:59.your feet, you do not have to be here, you can go somewhere else.
:23:59. > :24:05.But according to the numbers, people are coming here in droves.
:24:05. > :24:10.The vision of Governor Perry is central to his party's appeal. The
:24:10. > :24:14.rugged individualism of this state may be ideal for the rodeo, but is
:24:14. > :24:24.it the best way to grow jobs and grow the economy? That is set to be
:24:24. > :24:25.
:24:25. > :24:28.one of the main issues in the Steve Jobs, the man who's made
:24:28. > :24:32.Apple one of the richest and most successful companies in the world,
:24:32. > :24:35.is to step down as chief executive. He has been on medical leave for
:24:35. > :24:38.much of this year, after receiving treatment for cancer. Mr Jobs has
:24:38. > :24:41.overseen the huge success of the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad, and
:24:41. > :24:43.news of his decision reduced the company's share price, as investors
:24:43. > :24:53.wonder whether Apple's creative drive will now weaken. Rory Cellan-
:24:53. > :24:55.
:24:55. > :25:02.He has persuaded consumers to pay top prices for gadgets like these,
:25:02. > :25:06.which look and sometimes work better than their rivals. Apple's
:25:06. > :25:10.founding genius was never one to undersell his products. Now, he's
:25:10. > :25:20.stepping down. Steve Jobs has been in poor health for some time. In a
:25:20. > :25:29.
:25:29. > :25:35.in poor health for some time. In a You have just seen some pictures of
:25:35. > :25:40.Mackintosh, now I would like to show you it in person. Despite his
:25:40. > :25:44.early success, Steve Jobs was forced out of Apple in the 1980s.
:25:44. > :25:53.But he came back to breathe new life into the company. Not everyone
:25:53. > :25:58.liked his autocratic style. I'm very happy to talk about Steve
:25:58. > :26:02.Jobs, because I have known him for some time. I don't think there is a
:26:02. > :26:07.human being on the planet who has been as influential in the last 30
:26:07. > :26:10.years on the way culture has developed. To Steve Jobs, think
:26:10. > :26:16.different was not just an advertising slogan. It was the way
:26:16. > :26:21.he ran his business. The i-Pod came along and changed everything about
:26:21. > :26:24.the music industry. Apple had never made a mobile phone, until the
:26:24. > :26:28.iPhone transformed her the industry. And the idea that millions of
:26:29. > :26:34.people might want to use a tabard computer seem far-fetched until
:26:34. > :26:38.Steve Jobs showed off the Dean Martin. Now, his company will have
:26:38. > :26:43.to think different without him. Continuing to break new ground,
:26:43. > :26:47.like the man who has come to embody Apple, will be a challenge. I think
:26:47. > :26:51.it will be hard for them to find that level of commitment and
:26:51. > :26:57.passion that Steve Jobs brought. That said, there are still really
:26:57. > :27:01.extraordinary people at Apple. Jackie's history has been about