:00:04. > :00:09.The Prime Minister's authority is put to the test as he faces his
:00:09. > :00:12.biggest Commons rebellion yet. Dozens of Conservative MPs are
:00:12. > :00:17.expected to defy him tonight in a vote over a referendum on
:00:18. > :00:22.membership of the European Union. It is not the right time at this
:00:22. > :00:27.moment of economic crisis to launch legislation that includes an in or
:00:27. > :00:31.out referendum. When your neighbour's house is on fire, your
:00:31. > :00:35.first impulse should be to help them to put out the flames. Like
:00:35. > :00:40.his predecessors, he is caught between the party interest and the
:00:40. > :00:44.national interest. It is an out-of- touch Tory party tearing itself
:00:44. > :00:48.apart with Europe. This is the theme live in the House of Commons,
:00:48. > :00:51.where voting is now under way. We will bring you the results as soon
:00:51. > :00:54.as we get it. Also tonight: Trapped beneath tons
:00:54. > :00:58.of rubble. The desperate efforts to rescue survivors of Sunday's
:00:58. > :01:02.earthquake in Turkey, which killed at least 279 people.
:01:02. > :01:07.Claims of a massacre in Libya after the bodies of more than 50 Gaddafi
:01:07. > :01:09.loyalists are found outside a hotel in Sirte. With the Earth's
:01:09. > :01:13.population about to reach seven billion, the United Nations warns
:01:13. > :01:16.of the threat to poorer countries. And the Queen's close encounter
:01:16. > :01:26.with koala bears, as she meets victims of Brisbane's floods in
:01:26. > :01:28.
:01:28. > :01:32.And straight after the 10 o'clock news, we will have continuing
:01:32. > :01:42.coverage from Westminster of tonight's referendum vote and its
:01:42. > :01:51.
:01:51. > :01:54.Good evening. David Cameron's authority is being put to the test
:01:54. > :02:01.tonight as he faces his biggest Commons rebellion since entering
:02:01. > :02:06.Downing Street. MPs have just started voting on a motion calling
:02:06. > :02:08.for a referendum on Britain's membership of the European Union.
:02:08. > :02:13.This afternoon, the Prime Minister made a personal plea to
:02:13. > :02:18.Conservative backbenchers asking them not to support the motion. The
:02:18. > :02:21.government will not lose the vote but it is thought dozens of
:02:21. > :02:26.Conservative MPs will rebel. Let's go straight to Westminster.
:02:26. > :02:29.David Cameron is bracing himself tonight, not just for the biggest
:02:29. > :02:37.rebellion he had faced as prime minister but almost certain the
:02:37. > :02:41.biggest on Europe faced by any Conservative Prime Minister ever.
:02:41. > :02:45.The worst was 41 votes against the government line when John Major
:02:45. > :02:51.fought to keep his government in office over the issue of the
:02:51. > :02:54.Maastricht Treaty in the early 1990s. There will be no instant
:02:55. > :02:59.referendum tonight but David Cameron Dan Snow, depending on the
:02:59. > :03:03.site of the revolt, he could be facing a battle over Europe for
:03:03. > :03:06.many years to come. Europe is like a ticking bomb under the
:03:06. > :03:12.Conservative Party. That is what David Cameron was warned by William
:03:12. > :03:15.Hague when he became Tory leader. Tonight, the crisis in the eurozone
:03:15. > :03:21.and a rebellion in the Commons means it is ticking louder than
:03:21. > :03:24.ever. I am not prepared to go back on my word to my constituents. If
:03:25. > :03:30.Britain's future as an independent country is not a proper matter for
:03:30. > :03:34.a referendum, then I have no idea what is. That was the man who,
:03:34. > :03:38.until he resigned tonight, with the Europe Minister's parliamentary
:03:38. > :03:44.aide. Just one of those Conservatives ready to defy their
:03:44. > :03:49.leader. Rule Britannia! Outside Parliament today, some dreamt of
:03:49. > :03:53.Britain ruling herself again, free from European influence. Inside,
:03:53. > :03:58.demands grew that the people be given a vote on whether to stay in,
:03:58. > :04:01.get out or renegotiate Britain's relationship with the EU. The Prime
:04:01. > :04:06.Minister insisted that that would be the wrong referendum at the
:04:06. > :04:11.wrong time. When your neighbour's house is on fire, your first
:04:11. > :04:16.impulse should be to help them to put out the flames, not least to
:04:16. > :04:21.stop the flames reaching your own house. This is not the time... This
:04:21. > :04:27.is not the time to argue about walking away. Warned that doesn't
:04:27. > :04:30.on his own side did not share that view, the Prime Minister told his
:04:31. > :04:36.backbenchers that he shared their yearning for fundamental change.
:04:36. > :04:40.Like you, I want to see fundamental reform. Like you, I want to
:04:40. > :04:46.refashion our membership of the EU so it better serve the nation's
:04:46. > :04:50.interest. The time for reform is coming. How, when and what that
:04:50. > :04:54.reform would be, he did not say. With his Lib Dem deputy beside him,
:04:54. > :04:58.perhaps he couldn't. The Labour leader was scathing. He is caught
:04:58. > :05:02.between the party interest and the national interest. We see the re-
:05:02. > :05:06.run of the old movie, and out-of- touch Tory party tearing itself
:05:06. > :05:11.apart over Europe and all the time, the British people are left to
:05:11. > :05:15.worry about their jobs and livelihoods. All three main party
:05:15. > :05:18.leaders have ordered their MPs to vote no to a referendum on Europe
:05:18. > :05:22.tonight but it is David Cameron who has failed to convince even his
:05:22. > :05:27.newest MPs, including the backbencher who ensured that
:05:27. > :05:32.today's vote took place at all. Voters know that the tentacles of
:05:32. > :05:36.the European Union intrude into more and more areas of our national
:05:36. > :05:40.life. Understandably they are saddened and disillusioned at being
:05:40. > :05:46.fobbed off, as they see it, by the political elite who always seem to
:05:46. > :05:50.find a reason to stop them having their say. In the last week, I have
:05:50. > :05:54.had dozens and dozens of letters and telephone calls and e-mails
:05:54. > :05:57.from constituents urging me to support this motion and the only
:05:57. > :06:02.communication urging me to vote against it was a phone call from
:06:02. > :06:05.the whip's office. That the Tory party is split on Europe is in no
:06:05. > :06:08.doubt. The only question that remains to be answered is by how
:06:08. > :06:13.much. And the answer to how many
:06:13. > :06:18.Conservatives have rebuilt against their party leadership we will know
:06:18. > :06:21.it in 10 minutes' time -- have rebelled. You can see Members of
:06:21. > :06:26.Parliament the be queuing at the end to go through the voting lobby,
:06:26. > :06:30.to physically vote yes or no to a referendum, or returning to their
:06:30. > :06:34.seats to hear the results. They know the outcome will be defeat for
:06:34. > :06:37.a referendum but they know something else, too. Today and
:06:37. > :06:41.tonight has changed the debate about Europe and the next question
:06:41. > :06:44.facing the Prime Minister is, what exactly did you mean by fundamental
:06:44. > :06:50.reform of the EU and when will we get it?
:06:50. > :06:53.Thank you, for now. Rescue teams in Turkey are still
:06:53. > :06:57.managing to pull more people alive from the rubble after the strong
:06:57. > :07:01.earthquake that hit the east of the country on Sunday. At least 279
:07:01. > :07:05.people are now known to have died, but it's feared the death toll will
:07:05. > :07:08.rise considerably. More than 1,000 people have been injured in the
:07:08. > :07:10.quake, which measured 7.2 and struck close to the border with
:07:10. > :07:16.Iran. The city of Ercis was the worst-hit, with almost 1,000
:07:16. > :07:20.buildings destroyed. From there, Daniel Sandford sent this report.
:07:20. > :07:25.Hammering, cutting, pulling frantically at the remains of
:07:25. > :07:28.reinforced concrete apartment blocks. The ordinary people of
:07:28. > :07:36.Ercis were desperately helping the official rescue teams to look for
:07:36. > :07:40.the hundreds who are missing. At the centre of this rescue effort is
:07:40. > :07:46.the 29-year-old, pinned between a car and the wall. He has been there
:07:46. > :07:50.for over 24 hours. Amongst all of those trying to get him out of all
:07:50. > :07:54.of his brothers. They had formed a human chain, passing saucepans full
:07:54. > :07:59.of rubble away from my injured brother, slowly making space for
:07:59. > :08:03.him to be brought out. With exhaustion setting in, his mother
:08:03. > :08:09.waited patiently near by. We have all been here since yesterday, she
:08:09. > :08:13.told us, we slept in the car overnight. No food has passed any
:08:13. > :08:19.of his brother slips. This six- year-old girl is also somewhere
:08:19. > :08:22.under the rubble. Her uncle told me she had been out playing at the
:08:23. > :08:29.time of the earthquake and no one has heard from her since.
:08:29. > :08:36.TRANSLATION: The saddest part, my sister's husband is dead in more
:08:36. > :08:40.rubble. We were there burying him and then we got back here, hoping
:08:40. > :08:45.that it could well come out. Hopefully... No matter how
:08:45. > :08:49.seriously injured, but alive. Overnight in the regional capital
:08:49. > :08:57.Van, a small boy had been found alive. His rescuers pleading with
:08:57. > :09:02.him to be patient while they worked to get him out. And in Ercis, this
:09:02. > :09:07.toddler were successfully pulled out alive by emergency workers.
:09:07. > :09:11.CCTV footage has emerged, which shows the moment the powerful
:09:11. > :09:15.earthquake struck. The shaking stops this couple in their tracks.
:09:15. > :09:21.And late tonight, the man whose brothers have never given up was
:09:21. > :09:26.lifted out from the rubble. The 29- year-old, cold, dusty and with
:09:26. > :09:29.broken bones, was carried off on concrete that could have been his
:09:29. > :09:35.tomb and down past his mother, before being loaded into an
:09:35. > :09:38.ambulance. He had survived. The United States has pulled its
:09:38. > :09:43.ambassador out of Syria, accusing the authorities there of inciting a
:09:43. > :09:45.campaign of attacks against him. Robert Ford has been openly
:09:45. > :09:51.critical of the Syrian government's violent response to the uprising
:09:51. > :09:54.against President Assad. In response, Syria recalled its
:09:54. > :09:57.ambassador to the US. James Murdoch is to give evidence
:09:57. > :10:01.for a second time to a parliamentary investigation into
:10:01. > :10:03.phone hacking at the News of the World. Rupert Murdoch's son, the
:10:03. > :10:07.executive chairman of News International, will appear before
:10:07. > :10:10.the Commons Culture, Media and Sport Committee on November 10th.
:10:10. > :10:13.In Libya, there are reports that more than 50 pro-Gaddafi fighters
:10:13. > :10:17.have been massacred in Sirte, the city where Gaddafi was found last
:10:17. > :10:20.week. Their bodies were discovered a day after the country's new
:10:20. > :10:23.leaders declared national liberation. Many people who were
:10:23. > :10:28.forced from their homes during the fighting in the city are now
:10:28. > :10:33.returning in the hope that they can rebuild their lives. Wyre Davies
:10:33. > :10:38.reports from Sirte. Some of the images in his report you might find
:10:38. > :10:41.distressing. There was heavy fighting, loss of
:10:41. > :10:47.life and wanton destruction throughout this Libyan conflict,
:10:47. > :10:50.but nothing on the scale of what has happened in Sirte. Some say
:10:50. > :10:56.Gaddafi's home town is where transitional government forces took
:10:56. > :11:01.their revenge, collective punishment for Gaddafi's crimes. A
:11:02. > :11:07.vivid and grotesque example of that in Sirte today. The bodies of 53
:11:07. > :11:13.Gaddafi supporters, discovered shot with their hands tied. The man and
:11:13. > :11:16.aftermath of the dictator's death continues to fascinate, but the
:11:16. > :11:22.interim authorities have finally stopped the increasingly macabre
:11:22. > :11:26.public view of his body at the refrigerated in Misrata. It was to
:11:26. > :11:32.this modest mansion that Gaddafi fled after the fall of Tripoli.
:11:32. > :11:36.Plenty of food for long-stay, even an exercise bike. But when the
:11:36. > :11:44.fighting began to intensify, he had to move from home to home, Senator
:11:44. > :11:48.seller. Caught in the middle of the assault on Sirte, civilians,
:11:48. > :11:58.including this family. We went with them to the home they had to
:11:58. > :12:02.
:12:02. > :12:06.abandon two weeks ago. No chance of moving back in. CRYING. Their four-
:12:06. > :12:10.year-old granddaughter is also missing, not seen in a panic and
:12:11. > :12:18.confusion for days. They hope she is alive somewhere with her father.
:12:18. > :12:23.TRANSLATION: I don't know how to feel. I have been building and
:12:23. > :12:29.living in this house for 30 years. We have no where to go.
:12:29. > :12:33.certainly feels too early here for talk of reconciliation. This town
:12:33. > :12:37.on which Colonel Gaddafi spend billions will not enjoy such
:12:37. > :12:42.privilege and favouritism in the new Libya. Indeed some people say
:12:42. > :12:49.that Sirte should not be rebuilt at all. It should remain to a memorial
:12:49. > :12:54.-- it should remain a memorial for Gaddafi's victims, to eventually be
:12:54. > :12:57.subsumed by the fans of the desert. Coming up on tonight's programme:
:12:57. > :13:07.As Hollywood tackles Tin Tin, we look at why the character's first
:13:07. > :13:11.
:13:11. > :13:14.book, To the Land of the Soviets, This time next week it is thought
:13:14. > :13:19.that the world's population will have reached 7 billion. The number
:13:19. > :13:25.of people on the planet has expanded rapidly in the past decade,
:13:25. > :13:27.the United Nations is warning that the rate of growth is threatening
:13:27. > :13:32.poorer countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our
:13:32. > :13:37.correspondent has been to Zambia, where the population is expected to
:13:37. > :13:43.trim by the middle of the century. Welcome to the world. Like each and
:13:43. > :13:48.every one of us, these new-borns help to make up the 7 billion
:13:48. > :13:54.people in on planet. Katherine Piri has given birth for the fourth time
:13:54. > :13:58.to a daughter. Hours old, she does not have a name yet. Despite living
:13:58. > :14:04.in poverty, the parents want more children and they are ambitious for
:14:04. > :14:08.their future. TRANSLATION: I want my daughter and
:14:08. > :14:12.my sons to become important people. Then they can help us.
:14:12. > :14:17.But I don't know if there will be enough money for them to go through
:14:17. > :14:23.school. Big families are the norm. Six
:14:23. > :14:28.children is the average and it is causing a huge increase in numbers.
:14:28. > :14:34.Zambia's population is project ected to triple by 2050 and --
:14:34. > :14:38.project ected to triple by 2050 and keep rising. That is despite an
:14:38. > :14:43.array of modern contraceptive methods, including injections,
:14:43. > :14:47.implants, the pill and condoms, all available without charge.
:14:47. > :14:52.The family planning methods are free, but the health facilities,
:14:52. > :14:55.people have to travel to, to obtain the services, they are not enough.
:14:55. > :15:00.So they rather use the money for traveling to buy food to feed the
:15:00. > :15:05.family. This is a youthful country. Half of
:15:05. > :15:14.the population is aged 16 or under. More and more families are leaving
:15:14. > :15:18.the countryside to live in the capital, Lusaka in search of work.
:15:18. > :15:22.Population growth can be good for the economy, with the young
:15:22. > :15:28.workforce and relatively few elderly, but the increase here is
:15:28. > :15:33.so rapid, the fear is it could perpetuate poverty. Zambia is
:15:33. > :15:37.barely able to feed 13 million now, how will it cope with 100 million
:15:37. > :15:41.more by the end of the century? And how do you encourage the young to
:15:41. > :15:45.have fewer children than their parents? Aid agencies say it starts
:15:45. > :15:49.with more rights for women. If you are married to a man and he
:15:49. > :15:53.decides to have ten children, you have no say, even when you know
:15:53. > :16:00.that the children will not be looked after properly. We need to
:16:00. > :16:06.empower the women so that they can make decisions about their lives.
:16:06. > :16:11.What can the new government do for you, girls and you... That begins
:16:11. > :16:14.in the classroom where attitudes are changing. These taingers want
:16:14. > :16:18.the careers first and motherhood second.
:16:18. > :16:22.-- teenagers. I want to have two kids, one boy
:16:22. > :16:27.and one girl. I want to have two kids to reduce the population.
:16:27. > :16:31.As nations become richer, population growth stabilises as
:16:31. > :16:34.couples choose to have fewer children. Zambia has lots of
:16:34. > :16:41.economic potential. It is three times the size of Britain, but
:16:41. > :16:46.there is a long way to go before poverty is replaced by pros pairt.
:16:46. > :16:50.-- prosperity. You can see more stories from
:16:50. > :16:55.people affected by the world's growing population on the BBC News
:16:56. > :17:00.website. On Thursday Ireland goes to the
:17:00. > :17:04.polls in the country's presidential elections. There are seven
:17:04. > :17:08.candidates, including McGuinness, whose IRA pass has been a feature
:17:08. > :17:13.of the contest. The country's economic future has taken centre
:17:13. > :17:18.stage. Our Ireland correspondent has been following the final steps
:17:18. > :17:22.of the campaign. Ireland's recovery seems to be on
:17:22. > :17:27.track. After three years of political and financial turmoil.
:17:27. > :17:31.Here in County Tipperary and elsewhere money is at least
:17:31. > :17:36.changing hands. When it comes to betting it is not just on the
:17:36. > :17:41.horses, but the presidential race. In total, there are seven runners.
:17:41. > :17:48.Including a former government minister, mike D Higgins. A former
:17:48. > :17:54.Euro song contest winner, Dana and a former IRA commander. At the
:17:54. > :17:56.start of the campaign McGuinness was confronted by the son of an IRA
:17:56. > :18:01.victim. I believe that you know the names
:18:01. > :18:03.of the killers of my father. No, I don't.
:18:03. > :18:08.Then, a television studio confrontation.
:18:08. > :18:12.How do you square, McGuinness, with your God, the fact that you were
:18:12. > :18:17.involved in the murder of so many people. That is a disgraceful
:18:17. > :18:20.comment to make. In the latest poll he came third, but he still thinks
:18:20. > :18:25.he can win. I think that the Irish people are
:18:25. > :18:27.fair. They understand the history, but I do think that there are
:18:27. > :18:30.critics who know nothing, absolutely nothing about the art of
:18:30. > :18:35.peace making. All seven of the candidates are
:18:35. > :18:39.involved in a last-minute round of TV and radio debates. The job of
:18:39. > :18:43.Irish President is largely ceremonial. Whatever the focus on
:18:43. > :18:48.the past of some of the candidates, the Irish people are being asked to
:18:48. > :18:53.decide on Thursday who they want to represent them in the future.
:18:53. > :19:00.And this is the favourite, businessman Sean gagging a her, one
:19:00. > :19:03.of the Dragons from the Irish TV version of Dragons' Den. He said he
:19:03. > :19:07.is ready to swap the small screen for the big job.
:19:08. > :19:13.We're a great country in Ireland. We hold you are heads up high with
:19:13. > :19:16.the sense of renewed vigour. That is the face and the voice that I'm
:19:16. > :19:21.carrying as a message from Ireland around the world.
:19:21. > :19:25.As they know, the favourite does not always win, but at this stage
:19:25. > :19:32.it looks like Ireland's next President will be a former TV star,
:19:32. > :19:36.rather than a past paramilitary. Now, let's get back to Westminster
:19:36. > :19:40.where MPs have just voted on whether to have a referendum on
:19:40. > :19:45.membership of the EU. Our Political Editor Nick Robinson is there. How
:19:45. > :19:50.big was the rebellion, then? What we know at this stage, Sophie is
:19:50. > :19:57.how many people, MPs of all parties voted for a referendum. That is 111.
:19:57. > :20:02.If you assume that 20 Labour MPs went against their party line, some
:20:02. > :20:07.unionists, that looks to be about 80 Conservative rebels. We cannot
:20:07. > :20:11.confirm that for certain, but about 80. That is a huge rebellion on the
:20:11. > :20:15.issue of Europe. The previous highest figure ever, suffered bir
:20:15. > :20:21.John Major when he was the Prime Minister in 1993 was 41. Of course
:20:21. > :20:26.it was more serious in those days, had he been defeated, the
:20:26. > :20:30.Government would have fall on the issue of the Maastricht rebellion.
:20:30. > :20:36.This rebellion douse not have an immediate consequence, but when a
:20:36. > :20:39.Prime Minister cannot persuade as many as 80 of his own party, not to
:20:39. > :20:43.include the many that chose to abstain, instead of to vote with
:20:43. > :20:47.the Government line, he has a real problem tonight. Now, the Prime
:20:47. > :20:53.Minister has, in effect, promised his MPs that he shares their views,
:20:53. > :20:57.but just did not want to vote with them today. Quickly, he will come
:20:57. > :21:03.under pressure to spell out what change to the EU he wants, when he
:21:03. > :21:06.will get it, how he will get it and how on earth he would get that
:21:06. > :21:10.agreed with his Liberal Democrats pat ners in coalition? What tonight
:21:11. > :21:14.means is that the debate about Europe, far from being over, has
:21:14. > :21:18.really only just begun. Nick Robinson, thank you very much.
:21:18. > :21:22.7 In Australia tens of thousands of people have greeted the Queen as
:21:22. > :21:27.she visited Brisbane, the city hit by floods earlier in the year. She
:21:27. > :21:33.met some people forced to leave their homes when the Brisbane River
:21:33. > :21:36.burst its banks in January, leaving 30,000 homes under water. It was a
:21:37. > :21:40.gesture of solidarity, with the city's whose river had risen
:21:40. > :21:45.against it. The Queen was taken along the Brisbane River. It was
:21:45. > :21:50.benign and welcoming, with tens of thousands lining its banks. Last
:21:51. > :21:56.January, the business bane River had become a swollen torrent,
:21:56. > :22:00.swamping large sections of the city. It was described as Brisbane's
:22:00. > :22:02.darkest hour. Today, the Queen saw a city restored after the floods
:22:02. > :22:06.which had been the worst for a generation.
:22:06. > :22:10.We are right in the heart of the city. Just to give an idea of thou
:22:10. > :22:15.was during the floods, the waters then were above the level where the
:22:15. > :22:20.spectators now are standing. Hard to imagine on a day such as
:22:20. > :22:24.this, how it was in January, but there were many here to share their
:22:24. > :22:28.stories. The Queen heard from some of those who had lost their homed.
:22:28. > :22:32.In a speech she praised the city's resilience.
:22:32. > :22:35.I have seen the fortitude, and the determination of the people of
:22:35. > :22:39.Brisbane. But it was not the words that meant
:22:39. > :22:42.the most, it was the fact that she had wanted to come.
:22:42. > :22:48.It mean as lot to me. It really does.
:22:48. > :22:54.For a person who has taken the time to come and see people who really,
:22:54. > :23:02.really suffered. It is wonderful of her to bother to do that. She made
:23:02. > :23:04.a specific request that she came to Queensland. What she brings is an
:23:04. > :23:09.unmatched presence. Supported as ever by a husband, cutting through
:23:10. > :23:15.the security so that the children could present their flowers. The
:23:15. > :23:19.Queen and Australia, as attached as ever, if seems.
:23:19. > :23:25.-- it seems. Now, it was the book that launched
:23:25. > :23:30.the career of one of the most famous reporters of the century. A
:23:30. > :23:36.boy renowned for he jumpers and ever faithful dog.
:23:36. > :23:44.But, Tintin and his first assignment, The Land of the Soviets,
:23:44. > :23:52.it was a mystery. We asked why its creator Herge, kept it unpublished
:23:52. > :23:56.for so long. The adventures of the plucky boy reporter had become a
:23:56. > :24:00.world wide known phenomenom. But the first ever Tintin book
:24:00. > :24:05.stayed hidden from the English readers fore60 years. The artist
:24:05. > :24:12.thought that this seminal work, crudely drawn, simplistic, even.
:24:12. > :24:16.Yet this unflattering depiction of early Soviet Russia was one of the
:24:16. > :24:21.few glimpses that the Europeans had of the life there after the
:24:21. > :24:26.revolution. So was it accurate? This summer I crossed to Moscow to
:24:26. > :24:33.find out. Here is a Russian historian and the
:24:33. > :24:39.daughter of a KGB colonel. The details of Tintin's adventures
:24:39. > :24:43.in Russia are fantastic, but the spirit of the country, ruthlessly
:24:43. > :24:45.oppressing its citizens, who cannot even be called citizens, who are
:24:45. > :24:50.more like slaves, the spirit is true.
:24:51. > :24:54.Russia has largely come to terms with that dark past. This is a
:24:54. > :24:58.monument outside of the headquarters of the FSB, the
:24:58. > :25:04.Russian intelligence. I think that Herge and his editor would have
:25:04. > :25:08.approved of the sign it refers to the 1920s Russia as the years of
:25:08. > :25:13.terror in which it says that over 40,000 people were shot on
:25:13. > :25:18.groundless political charges. It is that kind of brutality that Herge
:25:18. > :25:23.was describes in Tintin in the Land of the Soviets.
:25:23. > :25:29.The farmers suffered more than most at the hands of the bell shevics. I
:25:29. > :25:38.went to meet a modern day farmer whose grandfather was executed.
:25:38. > :25:42.Do you feel this is a broad lay accurate of the Bolsheviks in the
:25:42. > :25:47.1920s? This is the evidence of one man. It can't be accurate in all
:25:47. > :25:54.things. In all little things, but the majority of it, I think, it is
:25:54. > :26:00.true. It was a statement I was to hear
:26:00. > :26:05.again and again. Life under the early Bolsheviks was grim. Herge's
:26:05. > :26:10.depiction of it, which he was later ashamed of, turns out to be
:26:10. > :26:14.surprisingly accurate for someone who never went there. Although
:26:14. > :26:17.Tintin's Soviet adventure ends there, it went on to spawn a cast
:26:17. > :26:24.of well-loved characters that would entertain millions for years to