:00:50. > :00:54.It was very obvious to us that she was in intense pain, but
:00:54. > :00:58.irrespective of how many times we tried to tell them, they insisted
:00:58. > :01:04.that because she had dementia, it must be a behavioural problem.
:01:04. > :01:07.As vibrant on the page as he was at the bar. Tributes to the writer
:01:07. > :01:13.Christopher Hitchens, who has died. Scotland has been shivering for
:01:13. > :01:18.days, now other parts of the UK get their first blast of winter.
:01:18. > :01:22.Coming up in Sportsday: England players are told if they go to Euro
:01:22. > :01:32.2012, they won't be picked for the Olympics, even if they don't
:01:32. > :01:43.
:01:43. > :01:46.actually play for the tournament. Good evening. The Deputy Prime
:01:46. > :01:51.Minister Nick Clegg has told friends's Prime Minister that
:01:51. > :01:55.recent remarks criticising the UK economy are not acceptable. Downing
:01:55. > :02:00.Street has backed Nick Clegg saying that the comments are not helpful
:02:00. > :02:03.in any way. Tension has grown between the two countries following
:02:03. > :02:09.criticism between the figures, culminating in remarks that the
:02:09. > :02:13.economic situation was very worrying. France's credit rating is
:02:13. > :02:17.also under threat. For a second day, senior French
:02:17. > :02:22.ministers have been criticising Britain and its economy. It has now
:02:22. > :02:26.led to an open row between the two countries. This was the French
:02:26. > :02:30.finance minister on national radio this morning. We don't have any
:02:30. > :02:34.lessons to give, but we don't want to be given any lessons either. The
:02:34. > :02:44.economic situation in Great Britain is very worrying and from an
:02:44. > :02:48.
:02:48. > :02:53.economic standpoint we prefer to be They should start by downgrading
:02:53. > :02:57.Britain. And the French Prime Minister in Brazil said that the
:02:57. > :03:01.ratings agencies don't seem to have noticed that Britain is more
:03:01. > :03:06.indebted than us. It began to look like a coordinated attack on the
:03:06. > :03:10.British economy. Later, the French Prime Minister placed a call to
:03:10. > :03:13.Nick Clegg, the Deputy Prime Minister, too, in his words, clear
:03:13. > :03:16.up misunderstandings. But Nick Clegg said the comments had been
:03:16. > :03:20.simply unacceptable and that steps should be taken to calm the
:03:20. > :03:25.rhetoric. And later, Number 10 Downing Street said the French
:03:25. > :03:30.comments had not been helpful in any way. The French officials very
:03:30. > :03:33.well know how acute their problems are and how damaging for this would
:03:33. > :03:38.be. What they are trying to do is to deflect attention away from
:03:38. > :03:42.their own problems. Here is the background to this. France has long
:03:42. > :03:46.been sensitive about any downgrading of its credit rating if
:03:46. > :03:50.it were to happen. It would be a vote of declining confidence in the
:03:50. > :03:57.second most important economy in the eurozone, and it would force up
:03:57. > :04:03.its borrowing costs. So how does the UK compared with France? This
:04:03. > :04:08.year, British growth is forecast to be 0.8%. France is set to do better.
:04:08. > :04:12.UK Government debt is 84% of annual economic output, and France is
:04:12. > :04:18.about the same. But while the UK Government has to pay just over 2%
:04:18. > :04:22.interest to borrow over 10 years, France has to pay almost 3%. Why?
:04:22. > :04:26.Because financial markets in France's banks are more exposed to
:04:26. > :04:30.the eurozone crisis. Relations between David Cameron and Nicolas
:04:30. > :04:34.Sarkozy, chilled after last week's summit when Britain had vetoed the
:04:34. > :04:38.new treaty to enforce greater budgetary discipline in the
:04:38. > :04:42.eurozone. Tonight one ratings agency warned again of a possible
:04:42. > :04:45.French downgrade and gave this negative assessment. A
:04:45. > :04:53.comprehensive solution to the eurozone crisis appeared beyond
:04:53. > :04:57.reach. Hugh Pym is here. While this goes
:04:57. > :05:02.on, the debt crisis continues and some might argue that this is not
:05:02. > :05:06.helping. Indeed. It is very telling that there has been this
:05:06. > :05:10.undignified spat between France and the UK just a day after the head of
:05:10. > :05:13.the IMF, Christine Lagarde, warned that countries had to work together
:05:13. > :05:17.and they had to be international co-operation to deal with the
:05:17. > :05:22.crisis, and if there was not we could lurch back into a 1930s style
:05:22. > :05:26.downturn. Whatever France says that the UK and vice versa, it cannot
:05:26. > :05:29.conceal the fact that there is a major debt crisis out there. We are
:05:29. > :05:33.a week from the summit supposed to come up with a comprehensive
:05:33. > :05:37.solution and there are still many doubters in the markets. As Gavin
:05:37. > :05:40.referred to, one major credit rating agency, Fitch, has said
:05:40. > :05:44.tonight that France can keep its triple-A rating but it has been put
:05:44. > :05:48.on a negative outlook and it is worried about the future. It has
:05:48. > :05:52.said it does not believe a comprehensive solution to the euro
:05:52. > :05:55.crisis is politically achievable. There is doubt about a credible
:05:55. > :06:00.financial backstop. As we head into Christmas and new year, there are
:06:00. > :06:04.many unanswered questions as far as the markets are concerned.
:06:04. > :06:06.The soldier accused of orchestrating the largest leak of
:06:06. > :06:11.classified information in US history has appeared at a military
:06:11. > :06:14.court house in Maryland. 23-year- old private Bradley Manning is
:06:14. > :06:19.charged with aiding the enemy by allegedly leaking a quarter of a
:06:19. > :06:22.million military and diplomatic secrets to the website WikiLeaks. A
:06:22. > :06:25.military hearing will determine whether he should face a full court
:06:25. > :06:32.martial and the possibility of a life sentence. From Maryland, Mark
:06:32. > :06:37.Mardell sent this report. Private Bradley Manning divides
:06:37. > :06:42.America. An atheist from a small evangelical town, an unhappy misfit,
:06:42. > :06:45.gay in a macho culture, he exposed America's secrets. To some he is
:06:45. > :06:49.being martyred for revealing the truth, to others he betrayed his
:06:49. > :06:54.country. This is the first time he has been seen in public since his
:06:54. > :06:58.arrest. A slight figure, flanked by civilian and military lawyers, he
:06:58. > :07:02.said, yes sir, crisply to a couple of routine questions. Surprisingly,
:07:02. > :07:06.it was the man in charge, the investigating officer, who faced
:07:06. > :07:10.cross-examination. Bradley Manning's lawyer said he was biased,
:07:10. > :07:13.a former military judge now prosecutor for the Government. He
:07:13. > :07:17.called for him to step down and said his case would be that Bradley
:07:17. > :07:23.Manning's actions were not serious. Whereas the damage? Where's the
:07:23. > :07:27.harm, he said. Supporters outside say he did the right thing. He is a
:07:27. > :07:32.military hero who should be given a medal of honour, should be released.
:07:32. > :07:39.We should continue to try to bring about a transformation of our
:07:39. > :07:42.government where secrecy is not over used. This was Bradley
:07:42. > :07:46.Manning's first League, a classified video of the machine-
:07:46. > :07:53.gunning from a helicopter of Iraqi civilians mistaken for insurgents.
:07:53. > :07:56.-- his first leak. For him, it was only the beginning. There has never
:07:56. > :07:59.been anything like it, the largest disclosure of secret information in
:07:59. > :08:03.American history, a quarter of a million diplomatic cables from
:08:03. > :08:07.embassies all over the world. Almost 500,000 military records
:08:07. > :08:11.from Iraq and Afghanistan. Although there was no single, stunning
:08:11. > :08:15.revelation, it ranged from details of American military tactics to the
:08:15. > :08:21.names of Afghan informants. But the main impact was that US diplomats
:08:21. > :08:31.were embarrassed, having their private thoughts made public.
:08:31. > :08:31.
:08:31. > :08:36.was a very unfortunate and damaging action that was taken, that put at
:08:36. > :08:39.risk individuals and relationships. The case being heard here is not so
:08:39. > :08:43.much about the facts of what Bradley Manning did, but about why
:08:43. > :08:48.he did it, his motivation, whether he is hero or traitor, and how much
:08:48. > :08:56.harm he has done his country. Bound up with that is how he was treated
:08:56. > :09:00.after his arrest. This film, made by supporters, dramatises his
:09:00. > :09:04.detention in solitary confinement, which Amnesty International called
:09:04. > :09:07.harsh and putrid to -- punitive. PJ Crowley lost his job at the State
:09:07. > :09:11.Department when he said it was ridiculous and counter-productive.
:09:11. > :09:16.It was my judgment that the last thing the United States needed was
:09:16. > :09:20.another retention issue, -- detention issue, even though this
:09:20. > :09:25.involve one of our own citizens. We had already acquired enough
:09:25. > :09:30.notoriety. This case is about the fate of one man facing life in jail
:09:30. > :09:34.but also about how the world sees America.
:09:34. > :09:38.A radical shake-up is needed in the way the NHS deals with patients
:09:38. > :09:40.with dementia. That is the verdict of the first national audit of
:09:41. > :09:44.dementia care in hospitals in England and Wales. A quarter of
:09:44. > :09:47.hospital beds are occupied by people with dementia but the report
:09:47. > :09:50.found that most staff feel they are not sufficiently trained to look
:09:50. > :09:52.after them. The Government said that while there is some excellent
:09:53. > :09:59.practice, far too many hospitals are failing to provide appropriate
:09:59. > :10:04.care. With every passing year, the NHS is
:10:04. > :10:08.treating more patients with dementia. People for whom hospital
:10:08. > :10:13.can be a frightening and confusing place. Experts say a radical shake-
:10:13. > :10:19.up is needed to cope. The NHS needs to move away from care that is
:10:19. > :10:26.often impersonal, where in some hospitals patients do not receive
:10:26. > :10:30.the specialised attention they deserve. We set up a tent, do you
:10:30. > :10:33.remember? That was the experience of these women. They can look back
:10:33. > :10:40.on many fond memories of their mum, but they are angry and bitter about
:10:40. > :10:44.some of her hospital care. Mary had a broken bone and was in pain, but
:10:44. > :10:51.staff on the ward believed her distressed behaviour was caused by
:10:51. > :10:57.her dementia. Had the staff taken the time to listen to us, instead
:10:57. > :11:00.of assuming they knew best, but listen, that we knew our mum best,
:11:00. > :11:06.and we knew the kind of person that she was. And she was not the kind
:11:06. > :11:11.of person that made a fuss, never. So, how widespread are the gaps in
:11:11. > :11:15.dementia care being given to our elderly? Already 25% of beds are
:11:15. > :11:20.occupied by dementia patients, but only 32% of staff in this research
:11:20. > :11:26.said they had had enough dementia training. Just 40% of hospitals
:11:26. > :11:32.have policies to keep families informed. And 26% of awards in this
:11:32. > :11:35.study said there were not enough staff at meal times to help frail
:11:35. > :11:39.patients to eat. Some experts say that the NHS has to adapt as soon
:11:39. > :11:44.as it can. The population in the United Kingdom is living longer
:11:44. > :11:48.with more and more elderly people. And if we are a civilised society,
:11:48. > :11:52.we have to invest in the care of the elderly. Otherwise you're just
:11:52. > :11:58.going to get a constant stream of these reports that we keep getting
:11:58. > :12:04.on poor standards of care. Now with the time to act. Some hospitals are
:12:04. > :12:08.now designing wards around patients with dementia. Simple homely
:12:08. > :12:12.touches can make a hospital ward less frightening. Patients with
:12:12. > :12:16.dementia are easily confused and become agitated. Keeping some of
:12:16. > :12:20.their things nearby and family photos in sight can help. Health
:12:20. > :12:25.officials accept more needs to be done. In Wales and England,
:12:25. > :12:32.dementia has been made a priority for the NHS. For the families of
:12:32. > :12:35.patients, change cannot happen fast enough.
:12:35. > :12:41.A doctor who took maternity leave and was then hounded out of her job
:12:41. > :12:46.has been awarded damages of �4.5 million by an employment tribunal.
:12:46. > :12:48.Dr Yvonne Akale was dismissed by Pontefract General Infirmary in
:12:48. > :12:52.2008 and is now suffering from what is described as a devastating
:12:52. > :12:57.psychiatric illness as a result of a campaign of harassment and false
:12:57. > :13:00.allegations against her. Labour has won the Feltham and
:13:00. > :13:04.Heston by-election with an increased majority, but turnout in
:13:04. > :13:08.the west London constituency was just 29%, the lowest for more than
:13:08. > :13:12.a decade. The Labour leader, Ed Miliband, described the victory as
:13:12. > :13:21.a verdict on the Government's economic policies. The
:13:21. > :13:25.Conservatives were second, the A coroner has ruled that a five-
:13:25. > :13:29.year-old boy died as a result of gross failings by Milton Keynes
:13:29. > :13:36.Hospital. Harry Mould died following an asthma attack. The
:13:36. > :13:40.coroner said he would probably have survived if the doctors had
:13:40. > :13:47.monitored him properly. Five years old, full of life. Harry
:13:47. > :13:52.Mould was a bright, gifted boy. He and his twin sister Jessica were at
:13:52. > :13:56.the centre of family life. But one month later, tragedy. Harry was
:13:56. > :14:01.dead. His parents attended every day of the inquest into his death.
:14:01. > :14:06.The court was told that he was admitted to Milton Keynes General
:14:06. > :14:10.Hospital on March 26th, 2009, with breathing difficulties. Harry
:14:10. > :14:13.initially responded well to treatment which was then reduced.
:14:13. > :14:19.When his condition worsened dramatically, it was not picked up
:14:19. > :14:24.by the medical team and he died on March 30th. After a two week
:14:24. > :14:28.hearing, the coroner has delivered a damning verdict. He said there
:14:28. > :14:33.was a gross failure to provide basic medical attention for Harry.
:14:33. > :14:38.He concluded that had proper action been taken, he would probably have
:14:38. > :14:44.survived. His mother and father told me that that is perhaps the
:14:44. > :14:48.most difficult thing they have to deal with. We always believed that,
:14:48. > :14:54.absolutely. It is the hardest thing to get into our heads and the
:14:54. > :14:58.hardest thing to explain to our daughter Jessica, that when she
:14:58. > :15:02.does ask these questions, and one day she will, we have to tell her
:15:02. > :15:06.that they could have made a difference to his life. These are
:15:06. > :15:10.troubled times for Milton Keynes hospital. A number of inquests into
:15:10. > :15:15.the deaths of children have been highly critical. Today the hospital
:15:15. > :15:21.has been told it was negligent in the case of Harry Mould. That has
:15:21. > :15:24.upset me hugely. I am determined that we as a hospital will not go
:15:24. > :15:29.back anywhere near to that status again. What do you say to the
:15:29. > :15:34.family, the mother and father that have also sat through these two
:15:34. > :15:38.weeks? I have apologised to the parents in court and also outside.
:15:38. > :15:41.Following Harry Mould's death, Milton Keynes hospital says it has
:15:41. > :15:50.made radical improvements to make sure that nothing like it can ever
:15:50. > :15:54.happen again. Coming up on the programme: After
:15:54. > :16:02.Scotland, an icy blast hits Wales and parts of England as the wintry
:16:02. > :16:07.conditions spread. It is nine months since the giant
:16:07. > :16:10.tsunami swept across north-eastern Japan, killing 15,000 people. It
:16:11. > :16:14.also caused the meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear plant, the
:16:14. > :16:17.world's worst nuclear accident since Chernobyl. The Japanese
:16:17. > :16:22.Government says the damaged reactors are now stable and the
:16:22. > :16:25.radiation leaks are sufficiently reduced. People evacuated from some
:16:26. > :16:32.of the less contaminated areas around the plant may be at last
:16:32. > :16:38.able to return home. Explosions as Japan's nuclear
:16:38. > :16:44.crisis began. The plant had been engulfed by a huge tsunami,
:16:44. > :16:48.crippling the cooling systems, pushing it into meltdown. The
:16:48. > :16:52.workers became known as the Fukushima 50, men who risked
:16:52. > :16:57.radiation to save Japan. Now the Prime Minister has announced they
:16:57. > :17:03.have finally stabilised the reactors. TRANSLATION: Since I took
:17:03. > :17:08.office, I have been saying for Japan to be reborn. Fukushima had
:17:08. > :17:15.to be saved. The nuclear power plant accident needed to be
:17:15. > :17:19.stabilised. Since 11th March, we have been working with our team to
:17:19. > :17:23.get the reactors under control. News today is encouraging for the
:17:23. > :17:28.authorities at the plant. Nuclear material, the heart of the reaction
:17:28. > :17:33.process, is kept cool with water. Otherwise it will melt, and that is
:17:33. > :17:36.what has at least partly happened already. Now the reactors are said
:17:36. > :17:42.to be in cold shutdown, where cooling water remains below boiling
:17:42. > :17:46.point. This prevents the nuclear material from heating up, out of
:17:46. > :17:52.control. But the 12 mile exclusion zone around the plant is likely to
:17:52. > :17:57.remain off-limits for years. Homes lying empty, farm animals left to
:17:57. > :18:04.fend for themselves, a new generation born in a nuclear waste
:18:04. > :18:08.land. The flat on the 26th floor of a Tokyo tower block is where
:18:08. > :18:17.Tetsuko Takahashi lives now. The view is good but it cannot replace
:18:17. > :18:26.the garden that they had planned to spend their retirement tending.
:18:26. > :18:31.don't know where we belong. We cannot discard our own house and
:18:31. > :18:37.garden. They are waiting for us, I believe. For Japan, the challenge
:18:37. > :18:41.now is to keep the lights on in its great cities like Tokyo. Local
:18:41. > :18:46.fears mean that nearly all of the country's reactors of line. The
:18:46. > :18:51.Government must either persuade people they can be operated safely,
:18:51. > :18:56.or find alternative sources of power. At Fukushima the plan now is
:18:56. > :19:01.to dismantle the plant. But the workers who tamed the reactors will
:19:01. > :19:07.be old or gone before the job is finished. It could take more than
:19:07. > :19:12.30 years. In Egypt, at least three people
:19:12. > :19:16.have been killed and more than 200 injured in the bloodiest violence
:19:16. > :19:20.to erupt since the start of the first free elections in 60 years.
:19:20. > :19:24.Clashes broke out in Cairo when the army tried to move protesters who
:19:24. > :19:27.had been staging a sit-in for three weeks near Parliament. Soldiers
:19:27. > :19:32.hurled concrete blocks that demonstrators. They were calling
:19:32. > :19:36.for an end to military rule. The Prime Minister has defied the
:19:36. > :19:39.axiom that politicians should not do God and has spoken about the
:19:40. > :19:43.importance of Christianity in Britain. David Cameron said the
:19:43. > :19:49.Bible had helped give Britain a set of values and morals that should be
:19:49. > :19:53.actively defended. What more can you tell us about what the Prime
:19:53. > :19:57.Minister said? Religion is territory that politicians
:19:57. > :20:00.traditionally steered clear of. Tonight the Prime Minister gave a
:20:01. > :20:06.speech saying that there is a close link between religion and politics.
:20:06. > :20:08.He was speaking to an audience of clergy in Oxford. He said this is a
:20:08. > :20:13.country that is a Christian country and we should not be afraid of
:20:13. > :20:20.saying so. He said that Christianity and being Christian
:20:20. > :20:23.does not mean you are doing down other faiths and people with no
:20:23. > :20:26.faith were somehow less important. He said that the Christian message
:20:26. > :20:31.and the way it prodded people and gave them a moral code was
:20:31. > :20:36.particularly important in the light of the summer riots, the MPs'
:20:37. > :20:41.expenses scandal and so on. This was really an attack on what he
:20:41. > :20:45.regards as moral relativism. Many people will see this as quite a
:20:45. > :20:53.bold speech in a way that he has stood up for Christian values.
:20:53. > :20:57.Thank you. The controversial about spoken of the Christopher Hitchens
:20:57. > :21:02.has died from cancer at the age of 62. The targets of his frequent
:21:02. > :21:04.polemics ranged from Mother Teresa to Henry Kissinger to God. He
:21:04. > :21:09.started his career in London but moved to the United States from
:21:09. > :21:15.where he vociferous the supported the Iraq war. James Robbins looks
:21:15. > :21:18.back at his life. Christopher Hitchens lived hard and
:21:18. > :21:23.fast and wrote even faster. Being a writer is what I am, he said,
:21:23. > :21:27.rather than what I do. He started on the left at the New Statesman in
:21:27. > :21:33.1973. But a double with facts, always a fierce critic, often
:21:33. > :21:39.hilarious. He wrote to provoke, most of all as an ardent atheist.
:21:39. > :21:46.refused to be told what to think or how, let alone what to say or right
:21:46. > :21:50.by anybody, but most certainly not by people who claimed the authority
:21:50. > :21:55.of fabricated works of primeval mist and fiction and want me to
:21:55. > :21:59.believe these are divine. That I won't have. In debate with Tony
:21:59. > :22:07.Blair, Christopher Hitchens told him that believers were slaves to
:22:07. > :22:11.celestial dictatorship, of the sort of divine North Korea. Christopher
:22:11. > :22:20.was a total one-off, unique character, an extraordinary
:22:20. > :22:26.polemicist, contrarian often. But an incredible inspirational writer
:22:26. > :22:30.and thinker. Christopher Hitchens revelled in fights and chose many
:22:30. > :22:35.targets. He called Bill Clinton a cynical, self-seeking, and vicious
:22:35. > :22:39.thug. He scandalised many by accusing Mother Teresa offer
:22:39. > :22:44.withholding proper medical care in favour of a cult based on death and
:22:44. > :22:50.suffering and subjection. He was also fearless, calling 9/11 the
:22:50. > :22:54.work of Islamic fascism. I knew Christopher in the 60s and 70s. I
:22:54. > :22:59.knew him better in the 90s, actually, when we worked together
:22:59. > :23:05.on a number of documentaries. So I will have fond memories of that
:23:05. > :23:12.Christopher. But then you Christopher that emerged after 9/11,
:23:12. > :23:18.as an apologist for the United States and its imperial wars and
:23:18. > :23:22.policies abroad, I had very little sympathy for that. Christopher's
:23:22. > :23:26.the support of George Bush ended some friendships but won new
:23:26. > :23:29.admirers as well. As cancer took hold, he started thinking and
:23:29. > :23:35.writing about dying and death and his certainty that it would be
:23:35. > :23:39.final. Do you fear death? I am not afraid of being dead, per se. There
:23:39. > :23:43.is nothing to be afraid of because I will not now I am dead. If I find
:23:44. > :23:47.that I am alive in any way at all, that will be a pleasant surprise
:23:47. > :23:51.and I quite like surprises. Christopher Hitchens, who died at
:23:52. > :23:58.the age of 62. You can see one of the last television interviews with
:23:58. > :24:01.him on Newsnight on BBC Two at 10:30pm.
:24:01. > :24:04.Parts of Scotland have been shivering in the snow for some days
:24:04. > :24:09.now. Today it was the turn of other parts of the UK to feel the icy
:24:09. > :24:13.blast of winter. Areas of England, Northern Ireland and Wales saw
:24:13. > :24:19.heavy snow and treacherous driving conditions. Collette Hume reports
:24:19. > :24:23.from the Brecon Beacons. It was the day that winter came to
:24:23. > :24:32.Wales. Heavy snow brought freezing temperatures to parts of the
:24:32. > :24:37.country. Driving conditions were difficult and dangerous. Police
:24:37. > :24:44.warned motorists not to travel in the worst affected areas unless
:24:44. > :24:47.their journeys were essential. Drive with care and make sure you
:24:48. > :24:54.have all the safety kit in a car, Dr mobile phone, top of windscreen
:24:54. > :24:58.wipers, check the tyre pressures and the depth of them as well.
:24:58. > :25:02.Brecon Beacons National Park is one of the most popular destinations in
:25:02. > :25:09.the UK for walkers and climbers. Mountain rescue teams so that these
:25:09. > :25:14.conditions would challenge even the most experienced. The snow began to
:25:14. > :25:22.fall in the early hours. Parts of the A55, the main route across
:25:22. > :25:28.North Wales, were close at times and motorist faced the long delays.
:25:28. > :25:32.-- closed. Six centimetres of snow in Glasgow caused difficulties on
:25:32. > :25:36.some roads. In England, the North was affected but disruption was
:25:36. > :25:41.kept to a minimum. Back in the Brecon Beacons, those who could
:25:41. > :25:44.make the best of the wintery conditions. Forecasters in Wales so