:00:06. > :00:10.Tonight at ten: The rapid change in the population of England and Wales
:00:10. > :00:13.over the past decade. The number of residents born overseas has risen
:00:13. > :00:23.by 63% in ten years, prompting a new debate about levels of
:00:23. > :00:28.migration. If we want people to integrate, we have got to slow it
:00:28. > :00:31.down, we have got to manage better than numbers coming in. Quite a lot
:00:31. > :00:37.of immigrants have contributed hugely to Britain's growth
:00:37. > :00:40.strawberry, particularly skilled were close. -- growth story.
:00:40. > :00:42.London has become the first region of England and Wales where white
:00:42. > :00:44.British people have become a minority.
:00:44. > :00:47.We'll also be looking at significant change in people's
:00:47. > :00:51.attitude to religion. Also tonight: New plans for same-
:00:51. > :00:54.sex marriage but the Church of England and the Church in Wales are
:00:54. > :00:58.excluded from the legislation. been a blanket ban on C of E is a
:00:58. > :01:05.shame because I am sure there are diocese that we do it if they had
:01:05. > :01:07.the option. -- would do it. HSBC pays a record �1.2 billion
:01:07. > :01:10.fine to US authorities after allegations of money laundering.
:01:10. > :01:16.In Belfast, more tension after nights of violence and death
:01:16. > :01:21.threats against two Unionist politicians.
:01:21. > :01:25.And I am in Cairo, where supporters and opponents of the embattled
:01:25. > :01:29.Egyptian president of staging their biggest rallies for weeks. The Army
:01:29. > :01:33.calls for a national dialogue. Thousands of anti-government
:01:33. > :01:38.protesters breached a 12 cert security walk and move closer to
:01:38. > :01:42.the presidential palace. Divided Damascus. A special report from
:01:42. > :01:50.inside Syria's capital, and the battle that has left parts of it
:01:50. > :01:55.destroyed. Coming up: 1-0 up against Arsenal
:01:55. > :02:05.but could be underdogs Bradford hold onto their lead in the League
:02:05. > :02:17.
:02:17. > :02:20.Good evening. The latest figures from last year's census in England
:02:20. > :02:23.and Wales show how quickly the population has been changing over
:02:23. > :02:27.the past decade. The number of residents born overseas has risen
:02:27. > :02:35.sharply. The census also records a big change in people's attitude to
:02:35. > :02:39.religion. Mark Easton has the details.
:02:39. > :02:43.The noughties in numbers, a decade of significant social change
:02:43. > :02:47.revealed by the censors and in particular the impact of waves of
:02:47. > :02:51.immigration from the Commonwealth and eastern Europe. The proportion
:02:51. > :02:56.of people in England and Wales describing themselves as white
:02:56. > :03:02.British has fallen from 87% down to 80% in ten years, still the
:03:02. > :03:06.majority in every locality except one. In London only 45% of people
:03:06. > :03:11.call themselves British and wait. In the borough of Newham in east
:03:11. > :03:14.London, just one person in six describes themselves as white
:03:14. > :03:23.British. London is an international city these days with more than a
:03:23. > :03:29.third of the population having been The population born overseas across
:03:29. > :03:36.England and Wales has risen by 2.9 million in ten years. Poland is now
:03:36. > :03:39.the country with the second largest number, almost 580,000, a rise of
:03:39. > :03:43.half-a-million in a decade. The figures will reignite debate as to
:03:43. > :03:50.whether immigration is putting too much pressure on resources and
:03:50. > :03:54.The most important thing is the speed with which immigration has
:03:54. > :03:59.been taking place. If we want people to integrate, we have got to
:03:59. > :04:04.slow it down and manage better the number has coming in. Immigration
:04:04. > :04:08.is an important component of UK economic growth. Quite a lot of
:04:08. > :04:12.immigrants have contributed hugely to Britain's growth, particularly
:04:12. > :04:16.skilled workers who are part of the global market for talent and these
:04:16. > :04:20.are the kind of people we need to attract in order to grow business
:04:20. > :04:24.is in the future. The Lincolnshire town of Boston has seen dramatic
:04:24. > :04:31.cultural change. It now has the highest proportion of Polish
:04:31. > :04:35.residents outside of London. Almost one in 20 come from eastern Europe
:04:35. > :04:40.here. Boston has changed big time in the last five years. Eastern
:04:40. > :04:47.Europeans are coming more and more. Everybody wants better life. That
:04:47. > :04:51.is why they are coming to hear. Despite the arrival of largely
:04:51. > :04:59.Catholic eastern Europeans, the proportion of people describing
:04:59. > :05:07.themselves as Christian has fallen The proportion reporting no
:05:07. > :05:11.religion has risen to 25%. Not rich maybe home to a bishop but it has
:05:11. > :05:21.won a reputation of the most godless place in England -- not
:05:21. > :05:27.rich. 43% of people here think they It goes with the territory of what
:05:27. > :05:32.is going on in the world. Not a lot of people believe. A shopping or
:05:32. > :05:37.football is the next big religion, isn't it. At the cathedral though,
:05:37. > :05:40.they are agnostic about the census findings on religion. In this
:05:40. > :05:45.cathedral we are seen literally hundreds of people through the
:05:45. > :05:52.doors every day this month for the Christmas carol services, so if it
:05:52. > :05:57.is the case we are the most godless city, I dread to think...
:05:57. > :06:00.censors has identified significant cultural change. Home-ownership has
:06:00. > :06:05.fallen for the first time in 60 years, more adults now have a
:06:05. > :06:09.degree than have no qualifications, but it is increasing diversity that
:06:09. > :06:16.history will perhaps remember that the defining feature of Britain in
:06:16. > :06:26.And you can see more details on the 2011 census and the key changes in
:06:26. > :06:26.
:06:26. > :06:28.your area of England or Wales by The government is to legislate to
:06:28. > :06:33.allow gay couples to marry in churches, synagogues, mosques,
:06:33. > :06:36.temples and in civil ceremonies in England and Wales. But in an
:06:36. > :06:40.unexpected move, the Church of England and the Church in Wales
:06:40. > :06:48.would not be included in the plans. Other churches would be allowed to
:06:49. > :06:53.opt in if they wished. Today the prospect of gay marriage
:06:53. > :06:59.in England and Wales moved a step closer. There will be a bill next
:06:59. > :07:04.year, it could be law by 2014 and religious organisations who want to
:07:04. > :07:08.of the same-sex ceremonies will be able to. Well, most of the M.
:07:08. > :07:13.legislation will explicitly state that it would be illegal for the
:07:13. > :07:17.churches of England and Wales to marry same-sex couples. If there is
:07:17. > :07:23.any church, synagogue or any mosque that does not want to conduct a
:07:23. > :07:26.same-sex marriage, it absolutely must not be forced to hold it.
:07:26. > :07:30.there will be safeguards. It will be illegal for the Church of
:07:30. > :07:34.England and Church of Wales to marry same-sex couples. Other
:07:34. > :07:38.religions will only be able to do so if the governing body and
:07:38. > :07:42.religious Minister give their consent. They were also get
:07:42. > :07:47.protection on legal claims against grounds of discrimination. That did
:07:47. > :07:51.not pacified the critics. These proposals are a disgrace and
:07:51. > :07:55.constitutional outrage. It is better to leave religious
:07:55. > :08:00.institutions to manage their discipline. This proposal commands
:08:00. > :08:03.widespread support in the country. No, it doesn't! In the House of
:08:03. > :08:09.Lords the Church of England appeared surprised by the exemption
:08:09. > :08:12.and no less opposed. Marriage is the union of one man and woman, a
:08:12. > :08:17.social institution that predates both church and state and has been
:08:17. > :08:21.the glue that has bound countless successive societies together.
:08:21. > :08:24.other clerics were less worried. good number of members of the
:08:24. > :08:29.Church of England and warmly welcome the government's decision
:08:29. > :08:34.and privately, a fair number of bishops also support it but are not
:08:34. > :08:38.able to say so public league. risk for the government is that by
:08:38. > :08:43.making same-sex marriage legal, it muddies the waters. It might not go
:08:43. > :08:46.far enough to satisfy concerns of bishops and Conservatives and it
:08:46. > :08:51.might raise doubts from others about how committed the government
:08:51. > :08:55.is to equality. The government is giving backwards, they had said any
:08:55. > :09:00.church that wanted to would be able to celebrate same-sex marriage and
:09:00. > :09:07.now they seem to be roaring up the Church of England. A one couple
:09:07. > :09:10.said they felt let down. Having a blanket ban on other C of E is a
:09:10. > :09:16.shame because I am sure certain diocese would do it if they have
:09:16. > :09:20.the option. However we are glad we do at least have the option to do
:09:20. > :09:24.something at places that can do it. The government hopes supporting gay
:09:24. > :09:32.marriage would win him votes by appearing modern but tonight they
:09:32. > :09:34.are being accused of mixed messages -- would win them votes.
:09:35. > :09:38.Thousands of Egyptians are on the streets of Cairo again tonight
:09:38. > :09:41.staging demonstrations for and against President Morsi. Many in
:09:41. > :09:46.the crowd are protesting against a proposed new constitution, which
:09:46. > :09:55.they claim would give the president too much power. For the latest,
:09:55. > :09:58.let's join George Alagiah. Thank you. Yes. Good evening.
:09:58. > :10:02.Thousands of the government opponents have converged on the
:10:02. > :10:07.presidential palace behind me. Earlier today the protesters
:10:07. > :10:12.managed to breach a concrete wall and move closer to the Palace.
:10:12. > :10:16.Across the city, there have been rival demonstrations staged by the
:10:16. > :10:20.President's supporters, with tensions rising ahead of a
:10:20. > :10:29.controversial referendum on Saturday. The head of the military
:10:29. > :10:33.has called for national dialogue. For perhaps the first time in weeks,
:10:33. > :10:41.those opposed to President Morsi and his reforms came together in a
:10:41. > :10:46.united front. Thousands marched on the presidential palace. A huge
:10:46. > :10:51.imposing wall designed to keep them at bay, no obstacle, as they
:10:51. > :10:56.flooded the square. Battered and beleaguered, Morsi is accused by
:10:56. > :11:00.many Egyptians of trying to force through a constitution that limits
:11:00. > :11:07.free speech and ignores the country's religious and social
:11:07. > :11:11.minorities. It is not democratic by any means, he is becoming a
:11:11. > :11:16.dictator and the Muslim Brotherhood are just hitting everybody who
:11:16. > :11:20.opposes them, so it is the same thing over again. This is so far a
:11:20. > :11:24.huge but relatively peaceful protest. There are hundreds if not
:11:24. > :11:30.thousands of riot police and soldiers here, predicting the
:11:30. > :11:33.Palace. The army has been given the full power of detention and arrest
:11:33. > :11:36.but an institution which has thus far remained neutral will be
:11:36. > :11:45.reluctant to get involved on behalf of the government against the
:11:45. > :11:52.People's. -- the people. Early in the day, on the other side of Cairo,
:11:52. > :11:54.President Morsi's own supporters also out in force. They handed back
:11:54. > :12:00.copies of the controversial constitution, which they say is a
:12:00. > :12:03.document that is fair to all Egyptians. All freedoms of
:12:03. > :12:08.religions offer be protected and all rights are protected by
:12:08. > :12:12.minorities, no discrimination whatsoever. It is very clear and
:12:12. > :12:17.concise. Major trouble was averted tonight because the two groups were
:12:17. > :12:21.kept apart by an army that has not taken sides. But in this divided
:12:21. > :12:29.country, a referendum on the constitution is still due to take
:12:29. > :12:33.place on Saturday. In Egypt, the key to the success of
:12:33. > :12:38.the uprising two years ago with the refusal of the military to turn its
:12:38. > :12:43.guns on the military and even today that the presidential guard have
:12:43. > :12:46.not used any force. By contrast in Syria, the army has been fighting
:12:46. > :12:51.on the side of the government and the result is a civil war that is
:12:51. > :13:01.still raging. Jeremy Bowen reports from Damascus on the battle for an
:13:01. > :13:05.
:13:05. > :13:10.increasingly divided city. This Damascus is now at the heart of the
:13:10. > :13:14.bloodiest Arab uprising. The regime keeps the city centre under tight
:13:14. > :13:23.security, squeezing the traffic down the main roads. The capital
:13:23. > :13:27.still functions. But the battle for Damascus is under way. It is
:13:27. > :13:31.happening in the suburbs. This is Duma after months of shelling and
:13:31. > :13:35.air strikes. It is controlled by the rebels, who claim they hold
:13:35. > :13:45.around a third of greater Damascus. The regime says the rebels only
:13:45. > :13:50.have pockets of ground. These were blocks of flats. The laws of war
:13:50. > :13:55.say all sides should distinguish between civilians and fighters.
:13:55. > :14:00.Almost every building in Duma is damaged, which suggests it is all
:14:00. > :14:05.being treated as a military target. They said they saw the bomb, a
:14:05. > :14:11.barrel of explosive, dropped in this neck from a helicopter. The
:14:11. > :14:14.regime's blitz is breaking the city, and breaking lives. It is not
:14:14. > :14:19.breaking the will of President Assad's enemies. The rebels have
:14:19. > :14:24.shown that they have the stomach for a fight. They have shown that
:14:24. > :14:29.they can endure pain, and they have the conviction that if they do not
:14:29. > :14:37.fight on, they will be killed. The question for them is what more they
:14:37. > :14:40.will have to do to get the victory that they insist is coming. A
:14:40. > :14:50.fighters in Duma, from a group called Lewar al-Islam, short of
:14:50. > :14:56.
:14:56. > :15:03.More than 200 recruits were being trained at an army base they said
:15:03. > :15:07.they had captured a month ago. The officers, defectors from the Syrian
:15:07. > :15:11.army, have the trappings of Islamist fighters, but deny the
:15:11. > :15:19.charge from the regime that they are jihadis, influenced by Al-Qaeda.
:15:19. > :15:26.What do you think will happen to Assad? Killed. How important is it
:15:26. > :15:36.for you to win the battle in Damascus? It is very important. It
:15:36. > :15:37.
:15:38. > :15:47.is the capital city, and we will catch the capital city from Assad.
:15:47. > :15:51.In a few weeks. Not if they cannot treat their wounded. They say the
:15:51. > :15:56.regime bombs the hospital, so this is all they have. Nobody here
:15:56. > :16:02.wanted their faces shown. The patient, a civilian, had both his
:16:02. > :16:06.feet blown off by a rocket. The man treating him was a dentist. He said,
:16:07. > :16:14.we will only have peace if this brutal regime, and its leader,
:16:14. > :16:20.Bashar al-Assad, are removed. You can see the rebel-held suburbs, and
:16:20. > :16:25.the bombing, from the windows of the regime's main military hospital.
:16:25. > :16:29.The Syrian army no longer gives out casualty figures. One doctor here
:16:29. > :16:37.said they averaged about 40 new admissions each day. One of the
:16:37. > :16:44.regime's dead was this man, Fadi Hamoud, who served in the Fiat Air
:16:44. > :16:48.force Intelligence Service. He left two small children and a widow. The
:16:48. > :16:51.family are Alawites, from the same sector as the President, and they
:16:51. > :16:55.believe they have no future if he does.
:16:55. > :16:59.TRANSLATION: For the country, for us to live, for the children to
:16:59. > :17:05.grow up, he had to sacrifice himself, and other men should
:17:05. > :17:12.sacrifice themselves for the sake of the country. The Presidential
:17:12. > :17:17.Palace looms over Damascus. Syria has two futures - a political deal
:17:17. > :17:24.between all sides to build a new country, or a long civil war, which
:17:24. > :17:28.is the most likely option right now. Now, the opposition here may have
:17:28. > :17:32.put thousands on to the streets tonight, but it still has the key
:17:32. > :17:37.decision to make - whether or not to take part in Saturday's
:17:37. > :17:45.controversial referendum. To keep up-to-date on that, and to follow
:17:45. > :17:49.our coverage of the Arab uprisings two years on, go to our website.
:17:49. > :17:57.That's all from us, on a day that has shown just how entrenched the
:17:57. > :18:03.political divide has become in Egypt. Back to you.
:18:03. > :18:06.Coming up tonight - English football tries to clamp down on
:18:06. > :18:16.discrimination in the game. Foreign players could face lessons in
:18:16. > :18:18.
:18:18. > :18:21.Britain's biggest international bank, HSBC, is to pay a record �1.2
:18:21. > :18:27.billion to the US authorities, following allegations of money-
:18:27. > :18:31.laundering. The bank was found guilty of stunning oversight. The
:18:31. > :18:35.chairman of HSBC at the time is now a business minister in the
:18:35. > :18:41.coalition government. His office said he shared the regret expressed
:18:41. > :18:46.by HSBC for what had gone wrong. Hugh Pym has more details.
:18:46. > :18:50.Britain's largest bank has owned up to major failings over money-
:18:50. > :18:55.laundering controls. Billions of dollars from Mexican drug cartels
:18:55. > :18:59.were washed through HSBC. Payments involving Iran were covered up. It
:18:59. > :19:04.has resulted in a final �1.2 billion, the biggest in US banking
:19:04. > :19:08.history. American authorities talked of staggering amounts being
:19:09. > :19:12.deposited in boxes made to fit through windows at the cash tills,
:19:12. > :19:17.as they made out the case against the bank. The systemic failure to
:19:17. > :19:22.guard against the corruption of our financial system, by drug
:19:22. > :19:26.traffickers and other criminals, and for evading US sanctions law...
:19:26. > :19:29.The investigation found that more than �4 billion was transferred
:19:29. > :19:39.between the bank's Mexico operation between the bank's Mexico operation
:19:39. > :19:44.
:19:44. > :19:47.The in a statement, HSBC said it was sorry for past mistakes, and it
:19:47. > :19:52.said the bank today was a fundamentally different
:19:52. > :19:56.organisation from the one which made the mistakes. The chief
:19:56. > :20:01.executive during that time was Lord Green, since made a Trade Minister
:20:01. > :20:04.by David Cameron. The allegations first emerged in July, in the US a
:20:04. > :20:09.Senate report, which mentions Lord Green, along with other senior
:20:09. > :20:12.managers. At the time, he had this to say. It is acknowledged that
:20:13. > :20:16.there were some failures of implementation. I share the regret
:20:16. > :20:19.about that. But I have been proud to work for this company, because
:20:19. > :20:25.it has always sought to do the right thing. But at Westminster
:20:25. > :20:29.today, there were demands for Lord Green to offer a more full
:20:29. > :20:32.explanation. I want to hear what he has got to say about his role. He
:20:32. > :20:36.has had more than five months to come to the House of Lords and
:20:36. > :20:41.explain what he knew when he was chief executive and chairman at
:20:41. > :20:46.HSBC. HSBC is not the only British bank to have had a run-in with the
:20:46. > :20:52.US authorities. Just yesterday, Standard Chartered agreed to pay a
:20:52. > :20:56.heavy fine after accusations of sanctions violations. Barclays,
:20:56. > :20:59.Lloyds and other European banks have also reached settlements in
:20:59. > :21:04.recent years following money- laundering allegations. Three
:21:04. > :21:07.arrests have been made today as part of the investigation into the
:21:08. > :21:11.LIBOR scandal. It is just another reminder of the troubled past of
:21:11. > :21:16.the banking industry and the challenges it faces in trying to
:21:16. > :21:19.wipe the slate clean. Customers of the state-owned
:21:19. > :21:25.Northern Rock bank are to receive compensation from the taxpayer,
:21:25. > :21:30.totaling more than �250,000. More than 150,000 people will receive an
:21:30. > :21:35.average payout of �1,700 each, after the bank failed to give them
:21:35. > :21:38.the right information when they took out personal loans.
:21:38. > :21:43.The loyalists involved in the past eight nights of violence in
:21:43. > :21:48.northern island have brought shame on the Union flag, according to the
:21:48. > :21:53.Northern Ireland Secretary, Theresa Villiers. Tonight, the First
:21:53. > :21:59.Minister, Peter Robinson, said that two senior members of his party,
:21:59. > :22:04.the DUP, had received death threats. Protesters were back on the streets
:22:04. > :22:09.tonight. There was no violence, but some main roads in Belfast were
:22:09. > :22:13.blocked. Loyalists are angry at the decision by Belfast City council to
:22:13. > :22:18.stop flying the Union flag every day. That decision was taken more
:22:18. > :22:24.than a week ago. There has been trouble ever since. There is now a
:22:24. > :22:30.daily clean up in parts of the city, and the police are being stretched.
:22:30. > :22:33.We have seen social media playing a very powerful part in this.
:22:33. > :22:38.Organisations are doing things via the social media, which make it
:22:38. > :22:45.very difficult to control. tension has risen here this week,
:22:45. > :22:49.so has the number of death threats against politicians - from hardline
:22:49. > :22:55.loyalists and dissident republicans. The latest to be targeted, two
:22:55. > :23:00.senior members of the main unionist Party, the DUP. Police have met
:23:00. > :23:05.with two senior members of my party, to indicate that their lives and
:23:05. > :23:09.the lives of their families are in danger. There is nothing remotely
:23:09. > :23:14.British about what they are doing. They are dishonouring and shaming
:23:14. > :23:18.the flag of our country with their enormous and violent activities.
:23:18. > :23:23.Historically, most Protestants in northern island have wanted to
:23:23. > :23:28.remain within the UK, while most Catholics prefer reunited Ireland.
:23:28. > :23:33.The latest census, published today, indicates the changing picture. The
:23:33. > :23:39.Protestant population is down to 48%. The Catholic population is up
:23:39. > :23:43.to 45%. Whatever the numbers and whatever the future, the priority
:23:43. > :23:46.now in Northern Ireland is piece on the streets. This is close to where
:23:46. > :23:52.a female police officer was attacked with a petrol bomb last
:23:52. > :23:56.night. Once again, the police are out in numbers. It is the 9th night
:23:56. > :24:03.in a row they have been here. So far, they have not been needed, but
:24:03. > :24:06.the night is not over yet. South African government officials
:24:06. > :24:13.have revealed that none from Mandela is being treated for the
:24:13. > :24:18.recurrence of a lung infection. -- that Nelson Mandela. He is said to
:24:18. > :24:21.be responding well to the treatment. Foreign football players could be
:24:21. > :24:26.asked to attend cultural lessons when the join English clubs, as
:24:26. > :24:31.part of a drive to tackle race- related offences. The governing
:24:31. > :24:37.bodies of English football have included that proposal in a 93-
:24:37. > :24:43.point plan. But one anti-racism campaigner, Lord Ouseley, has
:24:43. > :24:47.claimed there is a "moral vacuum" in the fight against discrimination.
:24:47. > :24:51.Our sports editor, David Bond, has this report. It is the toxic issue
:24:51. > :24:55.which will not go away. Time and again over the last year, players
:24:55. > :25:01.and fans have been involved in racist incidents, damaging the
:25:01. > :25:06.image of the national game. Tonight, things got worse. Lord Ouseley said
:25:06. > :25:09.his position on the FA council had become untenable because of what he
:25:09. > :25:14.claimed was a moral vacuum, and lack of leadership in the sport.
:25:14. > :25:24.One of the FA's directors told me she shared some of his views, and
:25:24. > :25:24.
:25:24. > :25:27.said his departure would be a blow. We need diversity. He has been one
:25:27. > :25:36.of the first members of the FA council. He has brought that
:25:37. > :25:39.experience with him. So, that would be a loss, if he goes. The Premier
:25:39. > :25:44.League attracts top global talent, but it also attracts plenty of
:25:44. > :25:49.controversy, and that has led to renewed scrutiny for those who run
:25:49. > :25:55.the game. English football hoped it had left behind the bad old days of
:25:55. > :25:58.the 1970s and 1980s, when racism on the terraces was quite commonplace.
:25:58. > :26:02.But the recent spate of high- profile controversies, on and off
:26:02. > :26:07.the pitch, have highlighted the need for tougher action. The BBC
:26:07. > :26:12.has learnt that the FA has drawn up a new anti-racism strategy, which
:26:12. > :26:16.includes a plan to tighten the contracts of players and managers,
:26:16. > :26:18.to include clauses dealing with discriminatory behaviour, new
:26:18. > :26:22.discriminatory behaviour, new measures to encourage the reporting
:26:23. > :26:26.of races incidence, and perhaps most controversially, mandatory
:26:26. > :26:31.English cultural lessons for new foreign players. The idea is a
:26:31. > :26:38.direct result of the case of Luis Suarez, banned by the FA for racist
:26:38. > :26:41.abuse. He said the term he used with Patrice Evra was not offensive
:26:41. > :26:49.in his home country. So, what is in his home country. So, what is
:26:49. > :26:54.the idea work? I would say, no. When I finished
:26:54. > :27:00.training, the only thing is to go home, sleep, see my family and
:27:00. > :27:04.friends, am not going to go and sit in the classroom, no. But if