:00:07. > :00:09.Tonight at Ten, the scientific breakthrough which provides
:00:10. > :00:13.a completely new way of looking at the universe.
:00:14. > :00:16.We have detected gravitational waves.
:00:17. > :00:23.The waves were caused by the collision of two black holes
:00:24. > :00:28.It's a discovery that will change astronomy.
:00:29. > :00:31.Gravational waves provide a completely new way of looking
:00:32. > :00:35.The ability to detect them has the potential
:00:36. > :00:41.After decades of searching, it's confirmation of a theory first
:00:42. > :00:49.put forward by Albert Einstein a hundred years ago.
:00:50. > :00:55.We'll have details of the discovery, we'll explain what it means, and how
:00:56. > :01:00.it will change our understanding of the universe. Also tonight.
:01:01. > :01:03.Junior doctors in England say they will not back down,
:01:04. > :01:05.after ministers decide to force through the terms of a controversial
:01:06. > :01:15.Kenya has missed a deadline to prove it has taken decisive action against
:01:16. > :01:18.cheating in athletics. We will have an exclusive report.
:01:19. > :01:21.Two young Syrian boys - now in Turkey - tell us about life
:01:22. > :01:23.under Islamic State, and the terror they witnessed.
:01:24. > :01:27.And the exotic world of Bosch - we look at a major new exhibition
:01:28. > :01:33.Later on BBC London: A year more in charge for London's top policeman
:01:34. > :01:36.- but it falls short of the offer he wanted.
:01:37. > :01:39.And we meet the cool thinking bystander, who tripped up
:01:40. > :02:05.Scientists have been celebrating what they say is one of the biggest
:02:06. > :02:08.discoveries of the past hundred years, providing a completely
:02:09. > :02:13.For the first time, scientists have found solid evidence
:02:14. > :02:16.for the existence of gravitational waves, confirming a theory first put
:02:17. > :02:19.forward by Albert Einstein a century ago.
:02:20. > :02:21.They say it's the culmination of decades of searching
:02:22. > :02:25.and could ultimately offer an all-encompassing explanation
:02:26. > :02:28.for the universe as we know it, as our science editor
:02:29. > :02:39.There is so much that is mysterious about the universe, but occasionally
:02:40. > :02:43.there are genuine breakthroughs in understanding, and this one hinges
:02:44. > :02:46.on the fate of two black holes in distance -based that drew closer
:02:47. > :02:49.together and then collided with massive violence, triggering what
:02:50. > :02:54.are called gravitational waves, which for 100 years have just been a
:02:55. > :02:59.theory but have now been confirmed. We have detected gravitational
:03:00. > :03:05.waves. We did it! APPLAUSE
:03:06. > :03:07.It's a landmark discovery and in a packed news conference in
:03:08. > :03:15.Washington, scientists unveiled a simulation of the sound of those
:03:16. > :03:19.black holes colliding. That is the chirp we have been looking for. That
:03:20. > :03:22.is one of the beautiful things about this, we will not only see the
:03:23. > :03:28.universe, we will be listening to it. It was Albert Einstein 100 years
:03:29. > :03:31.ago who first suggested that waves of gravity are rippling through the
:03:32. > :03:36.universe, triggered by huge events like distant stars exploding. These
:03:37. > :03:41.waves radiate out at the speed of light, stretching and squeezing
:03:42. > :03:45.space as they raced through, and when one of them reaches us it
:03:46. > :03:51.exerts a tiny force, jolting the Earth away from the sun by a minute
:03:52. > :03:55.amount, barely the size of an atom. So why does this discovery matter?
:03:56. > :04:00.Well, it not only proves that Einstein was right, it also opens up
:04:01. > :04:05.an entirely new way to look at space. Until now, our knowledge of
:04:06. > :04:09.the skies have come from light waves and radio waves. Now, with
:04:10. > :04:13.gravitational waves as well, black holes might become far clearer to
:04:14. > :04:18.us, as might neutron stars, which are giant songs that have collapsed.
:04:19. > :04:22.And astronomers should also see much deeper into the universe, further
:04:23. > :04:29.back in time, even to when it all began with the Big Bang. The
:04:30. > :04:33.discovery was made with two vast detectors in opposite corners of the
:04:34. > :04:36.United States, pipes four kilometres long carrying laser beam is
:04:37. > :04:43.sensitive enough to pick up the ripples from space. But for years it
:04:44. > :04:46.was a struggle. When we filmed back in 2003, the instruments were
:04:47. > :04:51.confused by the rumble of trains nearby. But after a major upgrade
:04:52. > :04:55.they cracked it and among those describing this is a massive
:04:56. > :04:59.advances Stephen Hawking. Gravitational waves provide a
:05:00. > :05:03.completely new way of looking at the universe. The ability to detect them
:05:04. > :05:10.has the potential to revolutionise astronomy. It has taken decades to
:05:11. > :05:14.plan and then build the technology to make this possible, with help
:05:15. > :05:19.from America, Britain and the rest of Britain -- Europe. These black
:05:20. > :05:25.holes actually spiralled down over 1 billion years ago and the signal has
:05:26. > :05:30.been travelling to us since then and we turned on our detectors at just
:05:31. > :05:35.the right time to detect it arriving. So 50 years of effort are
:05:36. > :05:38.paying off, as gravitational waves open up a remarkable new view of the
:05:39. > :05:48.heavens, and it is just starting. It's not just the remarkable
:05:49. > :05:52.discovery we are talking about, but what it leads to? Suddenly your
:05:53. > :05:56.window has opened on the universe in a way that no one expected. We have
:05:57. > :06:00.to rewind 400 years, when Galileo took his first look through the
:06:01. > :06:04.telescopes and saw things in the heavens which nobody conceived off.
:06:05. > :06:08.That is where we are now. Much of the universe is dark. It doesn't
:06:09. > :06:13.emit light. You can't see it in the normal way. So gravitational waves
:06:14. > :06:16.as a new route to looking at the universe may suddenly stumble across
:06:17. > :06:20.all kinds of surprises and that puts this discovery in the top rank of
:06:21. > :06:24.scientific achievements, up there with discovering the Higgs boson,
:06:25. > :06:29.that famous particle, unravelling the code of DNA. What is left
:06:30. > :06:35.scientists incredibly excited as they do since they have started a
:06:36. > :06:38.new era of expression. David Sugarman. -- exploration. David
:06:39. > :06:42.Shipman. The government has decided to impose
:06:43. > :06:45.the terms of a new contract on thousands of junior
:06:46. > :06:47.doctors in England. The Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt
:06:48. > :06:50.said he'd been left with no choice following the failure to reach
:06:51. > :06:52.agreement on new working practices. But doctors' leaders have
:06:53. > :06:54.promised to fight on. The British Medical Association says
:06:55. > :06:57.the new contract is flawed and it accused ministers of alienating
:06:58. > :06:59.a generation of junior doctors. Our health editor Hugh
:07:00. > :07:04.Pym has more details. Junior doctors gathering outside
:07:05. > :07:06.the Department of Health showed what they felt about the decision
:07:07. > :07:10.to impose a new contract. While the Health Secretary argued
:07:11. > :07:13.that even after many government concessions, their union had
:07:14. > :07:17.refused to compromise. I've actually chosen a version
:07:18. > :07:21.of the contract that has moved a long way to address the concerns
:07:22. > :07:24.that they and the BMA raised, big reductions in the maximum hours
:07:25. > :07:27.they can be asked to work, the number of nights they can be
:07:28. > :07:30.asked to work in a row, Big safety constraints, to make sure
:07:31. > :07:36.they don't get overtired. A big improvement in fact
:07:37. > :07:38.on what the arrangements He said he had taken his cue
:07:39. > :07:43.from this man, the government's chief negotiator, a leading
:07:44. > :07:46.hospital chief executive. I have to conclude that we have
:07:47. > :07:49.reached the end of the road of negotiations now and therefore
:07:50. > :07:54.have advised the Secretary of State that we in the health service
:07:55. > :07:58.now should not continue with the disruptions that come
:07:59. > :08:02.from the uncertainty, and that we need to bring
:08:03. > :08:08.the matter to a close. The new junior doctors contract
:08:09. > :08:09.will apply from August. It will see basic pay rise 13.5%,
:08:10. > :08:13.but there will be cuts 40,000 doctors will be affected
:08:14. > :08:21.as they move jobs as part of their training, about 75%
:08:22. > :08:25.within the first year. The government has decided to impose
:08:26. > :08:48.the terms of a new contract Trade Union the BMA will now
:08:49. > :08:53.consider its options, including further industrial action. We were
:08:54. > :09:01.always hoping the government wouldn't come to way position but
:09:02. > :09:08.unfortunately they have taken this is very damaging course of action.
:09:09. > :09:12.What we need to do is talk to our membership and the what doctors
:09:13. > :09:17.across this country think is the right thing to do. One doctor told
:09:18. > :09:20.me some colleagues would quit, which she claimed would compromise patient
:09:21. > :09:23.safety. There's a shortage of doctors within the NHS under current
:09:24. > :09:28.conditions. This contract is going to make it worse. There are not
:09:29. > :09:33.going to be enough doctors to look after patients safely. Some would
:09:34. > :09:38.say that is scaremongering. I would say it is reality and we need to
:09:39. > :09:39.face up to it. As junior doctors demonstrate this evening there is
:09:40. > :09:41.speculation about another set of talks involving the medical
:09:42. > :09:43.profession, this time the consultants, and whether they will
:09:44. > :09:47.reach a deal or stall without any agreement. There was talk also of
:09:48. > :09:50.doctors resigning and moving to Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland,
:09:51. > :09:54.where there are no plans to change the current contracts. For now, the
:09:55. > :09:57.campaign momentum doesn't look like slowing.
:09:58. > :09:59.Our political editor Laura Kuenssberg is in
:10:00. > :10:08.We have seen the anger of junior doctors, not least in Whitehall
:10:09. > :10:12.behind you, what can you tell us about the political reasoning of
:10:13. > :10:15.this decision? That the government claims this new contract is
:10:16. > :10:20.essential to improving services at the weekend. That is hotly disputed,
:10:21. > :10:23.but ministers say that was in the Conservative manifesto at the
:10:24. > :10:28.general election and that is what voters chose. Second of all, they
:10:29. > :10:31.feel the BMA left them with no choice because the negotiations
:10:32. > :10:36.ended up hitting a brick wall. There was no further they could go in the
:10:37. > :10:39.talks. And thirdly they hope, and hope is the active word there, that
:10:40. > :10:43.once the new contracts start to come in that junior doctors may actually
:10:44. > :10:49.feel the terms and conditions in the end were not as bad as they feared
:10:50. > :10:54.and they can just get on with it, really. But it is a really big risk.
:10:55. > :10:57.Not just because this has already aggravated even further the
:10:58. > :11:01.thousands and thousands of medics around England, who are already
:11:02. > :11:04.really fed up with this and working in NHS that is already under
:11:05. > :11:08.pressure, but there is a wider political risk as well because for a
:11:09. > :11:13.long time the Tories have really had to sweat to be seen as a political
:11:14. > :11:17.party that can be trusted and believed on the NHS. David Cameron
:11:18. > :11:22.has spent a lot of political capital trying to show the NHS is safe in
:11:23. > :11:26.his hands. If this dispute becomes even more bitter, drags on for a
:11:27. > :11:31.long time with us and worse industrial action and patients feel
:11:32. > :11:36.they are starting to suffer, who will voters really blame? Will they
:11:37. > :11:43.blamed the doctors, or the politicians? Only the public can
:11:44. > :11:47.answer that in the weeks and months to come. Laura Kuenssberg in
:11:48. > :11:52.Westminster. The head of Google in the UK says
:11:53. > :11:55.he understands public anger over reports of the company's
:11:56. > :11:56.tax payments. But he insisted that Google paid
:11:57. > :11:59.corporation tax at 20 per cent, like other firms
:12:00. > :12:01.operating in the UK. Critics have complained that
:12:02. > :12:03.a payment of ?130 million in back taxes for a 10-year
:12:04. > :12:05.period was far too small. Our economics editor
:12:06. > :12:08.Kamal Ahmed has the story. Google, a company that likes to help
:12:09. > :12:10.us answer questions. It's a search powerhouse that makes
:12:11. > :12:12.billions of pounds of profit Today, it appeared to have a little
:12:13. > :12:17.difficulty answering this question - For Matt Brittin, Google's head
:12:18. > :12:23.of Europe, it wasn't that simple. Can you tell me what you get paid,
:12:24. > :12:26.please, Mr Brittin? I don't have the figure,
:12:27. > :12:29.but I will happily provide it. You don't know what you
:12:30. > :12:31.get paid, Mr Brittin? A bit of knock-about maybe,
:12:32. > :12:36.but MPs insisted it showed just how out of touch the
:12:37. > :12:39.technology giant is. Mr Brittin seemed on surer ground
:12:40. > :12:42.when defending Google's settlement We're paying the tax the HMRC
:12:43. > :12:48.believes is the highest They can't settle unless we're
:12:49. > :12:51.paying the tax fully, based on the facts, and we can't pay
:12:52. > :12:54.more than we're required to under the tax system, because there is no
:12:55. > :12:57.legal mechanism to do that. So we're in the spotlight,
:12:58. > :13:00.and I understand why, but we're paying the amount of tax
:13:01. > :13:03.we've been asked to pay. Here at Google's HQ in central
:13:04. > :13:07.London, I'm told they're pretty The company has stuck steadfastly
:13:08. > :13:13.to the argument that it is an American company that
:13:14. > :13:17.pays its taxes in America. There was actually a rather more
:13:18. > :13:21.interesting witness before MPs today - that was the UK
:13:22. > :13:24.tax authority, HMRC. Could they convince a sceptical
:13:25. > :13:28.public that this was not The key question for that tax
:13:29. > :13:35.collector, did Google We don't get outmanoeuvred by these
:13:36. > :13:40.big firms, we make them If I'm honest, I would like to see
:13:41. > :13:44.more recognition of that. We have a fine set of tax inspectors
:13:45. > :13:50.who do an extremely good job. Google says it wants
:13:51. > :13:52.to see a simpler tax code. At the moment it runs
:13:53. > :13:55.to thousands of pages. We have to have confidence that
:13:56. > :14:01.they're not getting But I think we need a process
:14:02. > :14:12.in place which reassures the public. Mr Brittin was still being thrown
:14:13. > :14:15.questions as he left the inquiry. But for now, the technology company
:14:16. > :14:19.decided it had said quite enough. The World Anti-Doping Agency has
:14:20. > :14:30.said tonight that Kenya has missed a deadline to prove that it's taking
:14:31. > :14:33.decisive action to fight cheating in athletics, following a spate
:14:34. > :14:37.of positive drug tests. The country will now be put
:14:38. > :14:40.on a watch-list and could face a ban BBC News has heard evidence
:14:41. > :14:46.of doping from Kenyan athletes and allegations of corruption
:14:47. > :14:49.levelled at sporting officials. Our sports editor Dan Roan has been
:14:50. > :14:51.to the town of Iten, where Kenya's elite runners train,
:14:52. > :14:59.and sent this exclusive report. It's one of sport's
:15:00. > :15:00.most unique settings. Iten, nestled in the Rift Valley,
:15:01. > :15:05.home to Kenya's champions. For decades, this small town has
:15:06. > :15:08.provided a high-altitude training base to thousands of world-class
:15:09. > :15:11.athletes, many of whom have gone on to establish their country
:15:12. > :15:15.as the dominant force Kenya's prowess was underlined
:15:16. > :15:23.at the World Championships in Beijing last year when it
:15:24. > :15:25.topped the medal table. 1,500 metres winner Asbel Kiprop
:15:26. > :15:33.claiming one of his team's seven Back in Iten, he is now in training
:15:34. > :15:37.for the Rio Olympics, but doping has cast a shadow
:15:38. > :15:39.over his country's preparations. 40 Kenyan athletes have been banned
:15:40. > :15:43.to cheating in the last five years, and Kiprop told me of
:15:44. > :15:46.the damage it's doing. It is a disgrace, especially
:15:47. > :15:49.to the sport and ourselves It is a disgrace to hard-working
:15:50. > :15:55.athletes when an athlete is found to have used
:15:56. > :15:58.performance-enhancing drugs. The BBC has obtained previously
:15:59. > :16:04.unseen secretly-filmed footage of an athlete receiving an injection
:16:05. > :16:12.from a doctor. We cannot verify what substance was,
:16:13. > :16:15.but the athlete, who doesn't want to be identified,
:16:16. > :16:17.told me it was a banned substance. Have you used performance-enhancing
:16:18. > :16:18.drugs? In Kenya, most people are using,
:16:19. > :16:26.so if you don't use, you will just be training,
:16:27. > :16:32.training, training all year. In November, athletes staged
:16:33. > :16:35.a protest in Nairobi against the sport's leaders
:16:36. > :16:38.amid corruption allegations. This week, officials had to deny
:16:39. > :16:40.new accusations of extortion, but we spoke to another athlete
:16:41. > :16:44.who said he had been blackmailed by members of the sport's governing
:16:45. > :16:50.body after he failed a drugs test. TRANSLATION: They asked me
:16:51. > :16:52.for 500,000 shillings. I said I couldn't afford to pay,
:16:53. > :16:55.so they told me I would receive The governing body said it couldn't
:16:56. > :17:02.comment as it's under investigation by the International Athletics
:17:03. > :17:05.Federation, but did ask those Kenya's now at serious risk
:17:06. > :17:10.of being dragged into the doping Another of the sport's powerhouse
:17:11. > :17:17.nations, Russia, has already been banned from international
:17:18. > :17:18.competition because of state-sponsored cheating,
:17:19. > :17:32.and now the spotlight Ill voters blame? The doctors or the
:17:33. > :17:33.politicians? Only the public can answer that in the weeks and the
:17:34. > :17:39.months to come. WADA has lost patience, confirming
:17:40. > :17:44.Kenya failed to meet a dead line to confirm it was meeting a process to
:17:45. > :17:49.clear cheating. The consequences could be severe.
:17:50. > :17:52.I think that is the biggest threat right now, that Kenya would be
:17:53. > :18:02.Yes. meet the expectations.
:18:03. > :18:05.agreeing the need for legislation and funding for a new national
:18:06. > :18:07.anti-doping agency to finally become operational.
:18:08. > :18:16.This is taken to the highest level, so Kenya is serious,
:18:17. > :18:18.and the Kenyan athletes you'll see will be running clean.
:18:19. > :18:21.In a country of limited resources, the temptation to take short cuts
:18:22. > :18:23.is obvious, and the cost of educating and testing
:18:24. > :18:27.Authorities insist that cheating is not systemic,
:18:28. > :18:29.but at a time when sporting integrity is under scrutiny
:18:30. > :18:32.like never before, Kenya is in a race against time to prove
:18:33. > :18:43.More evidence has come to light of the harsh and brutal conditions
:18:44. > :18:46.for Iraqi and Syrian children trapped in areas controlled
:18:47. > :18:50.Two boys who recently managed to flee the violence in Syria
:18:51. > :18:52.say they witnessed executions and were taught to fight
:18:53. > :18:55.They've been speaking to our Middle East correspondent
:18:56. > :19:08.This is how you put on a suicide vest.
:19:09. > :19:17.He and 10-year-old Ahmed learned it at school -
:19:18. > :19:26.TRANSLATION: They show this video on the mobile phones
:19:27. > :19:30.They were not guilty but they were slaughtered
:19:31. > :19:34.Now they're in Turkey but three months
:19:35. > :19:35.ago, the boys lived in IS-controlled Syria.
:19:36. > :19:39.There, they witnessed killing close at hand.
:19:40. > :19:41.TRANSLATION: Sometimes they would bring as many as six
:19:42. > :19:51.They would call us by loudspeaker to come and watch.
:19:52. > :19:54.TRANSLATION: Once, they brought two men and put them in the middle
:19:55. > :20:01.Who was it that they killed, do you know?
:20:02. > :20:03.TRANSLATION: Yes, they were our neighbours.
:20:04. > :20:19.brainwash us. but they were from the top
:20:20. > :20:22.They say things like suicide bombings are good for
:20:23. > :20:26.us, or when you grow up, you will become Isis fighters.
:20:27. > :20:32.They don't care whether children live or die.
:20:33. > :20:35.Children are a priority for the Islamic State.
:20:36. > :20:38.Even the youngest are trained in Sharia law.
:20:39. > :20:42.IS is attempting to radicalise a generation, as this
:20:43. > :21:02.A teacher from inside says that the jihadists are
:21:03. > :21:08.TRANSLATION: They have changed some subjects.
:21:09. > :21:11.In geography, there were Iraqi and Syrian borders in all
:21:12. > :21:16.But in their books, the borders of the Islamic State go
:21:17. > :21:23.from the Atlantic to China and from Africa to Azerbaijan.
:21:24. > :21:25.The boys escaped IS but thousands remain in their grip.
:21:26. > :21:28.Small hands that know how to fire a Kalashnikov.
:21:29. > :21:31.For the Islamic State, they are the next generation
:21:32. > :21:42.Quentin Sommerville, BBC News, Istanbul.
:21:43. > :21:45.Once again this week share prices in Europe have fallen
:21:46. > :21:47.sharply because of continued concerns about the health
:21:48. > :21:51.Shares in many leading banks tumbled and the FTSE 100 index was down
:21:52. > :21:57.The price of oil hit a new low of $30 dollars a barrel
:21:58. > :22:04.seen as an indication of weakening global demand.
:22:05. > :22:11.Our Economics Correspondent Andrew Verity is here.
:22:12. > :22:20.Falls? The concern is the global slowdown. What has been bothering
:22:21. > :22:24.the markets, they have been wobbling, is whether the Central
:22:25. > :22:29.Banks can do much about it? If they have the tools to tackle it? Today
:22:30. > :22:33.we heard from the Swedish Central Bank, that it would slash interest
:22:34. > :22:38.rates. But the problem being that they are already negative. To
:22:39. > :22:42.illustrate that: If you lent me money, you might expect interest
:22:43. > :22:46.rate back for it. But the negative interest rates mean that you lent me
:22:47. > :22:51.money, I charged for the privilege of lending it. The Swedish Central
:22:52. > :22:56.Bank is saying to the commercial banks, you can put the money here if
:22:57. > :23:00.you like, it is safe but I would rather you lend it out, so I will
:23:01. > :23:05.charge you if you leave the money with me. So the negative interest
:23:06. > :23:09.rate is not doing the job. The market traders are worried with low
:23:10. > :23:13.interest rates, the banks will find it hard to make money. So the bank
:23:14. > :23:19.shares are hammered but the interest rates have been negative on deposits
:23:20. > :23:25.in the eurozone and subsidies and it has not done the job. There has been
:23:26. > :23:30.no big pick-up. There is a fear, it may be irrational. If the global
:23:31. > :23:33.slowdown gets worse, they could keep on administering the strong economic
:23:34. > :23:37.medicine, and the patient still would not get up.
:23:38. > :23:41.The footballer Adam Johnson has been sacked by Sunderland after pleading
:23:42. > :23:44.guilty to one count of sexual activity with a child and one
:23:45. > :23:49.was terminated hours after he was dropped
:23:50. > :23:51.for Saturday's Premier League match against Manchester United.
:23:52. > :23:54.He will stand trial on Friday on two further counts of sexual activity
:23:55. > :24:01.David Cameron's attempted renegotiation of the UK's links
:24:02. > :24:03.with the European Union remains in a 'fragile' state
:24:04. > :24:05.according to Donald Tusk the president of the European
:24:06. > :24:11.He was speaking with a week to go to the summit where the deal
:24:12. > :24:13.is meant to be finalised ahead of a referendum
:24:14. > :24:17.Tonight in the latest of our reports on the road
:24:18. > :24:19.to the summit our Special Correspondent Allan Little considers
:24:20. > :24:21.how Britain's trading history with its European neighbours
:24:22. > :24:23.has shaped the political relationship which is has proved
:24:24. > :24:35.Not long ago it was teeming with merchant ships,
:24:36. > :24:41.The last of the great cranes, this one is called Titan,
:24:42. > :24:44.are a forlorn reminder of a lost age, when Britain was locked
:24:45. > :24:49.into a thriving trade with its empire.
:24:50. > :24:52.We hauled wool and dried fruit from Australia through here.
:24:53. > :25:05.In return, Britain sold to the Empire goods manufactured
:25:06. > :25:11.As these economic powerhouses went into what turned out to be terminal
:25:12. > :25:16.decline, Britain turned through 180 degrees.
:25:17. > :25:19.It had always faced west, to the wide open seas.
:25:20. > :25:23.And now, for the first time, it put the old empire to its back
:25:24. > :25:26.and turned its face to the East to try to embrace
:25:27. > :25:33.That transition sucked the economic life out of the great ports cities
:25:34. > :25:40.Like Glasgow, Liverpool's famous waterfront recalls
:25:41. > :25:48.But the pool of European markets drew Britain's centre of gravity
:25:49. > :26:02.Liverpool did not disappear overnight after 1973
:26:03. > :26:04.but it was economically stagnant and politically unstable parts
:26:05. > :26:06.of the world compared to Western Europe where there
:26:07. > :26:14.A different economy has thrived in the age of Europe.
:26:15. > :26:20.High-quality, high-tech, precision engineering,
:26:21. > :26:26.Gescamp is a Spanish owned company in County Durham which makes
:26:27. > :26:35.All the equipment that we use is supplied from Europe.
:26:36. > :26:38.Our suppliers of materials come from Europe and we export a large
:26:39. > :26:44.proportion of what we make here to mainland Europe.
:26:45. > :26:46.Would leaving the EU threaten all this?
:26:47. > :26:50.Out campaigners say emphatically not, that nations can and do trade
:26:51. > :26:58.freely with Europe from outside the EU.
:26:59. > :27:00.To see how Britain's mercantile economy has shifted,
:27:01. > :27:07.This container port barely existed in 1973.
:27:08. > :27:16.The visual contrast with Liverpool and Glasgow could not be starker.
:27:17. > :27:19.The great weight of Britain's trade is now in the south and east.
:27:20. > :27:21.Europe, above all, has pulled it here.
:27:22. > :27:25.For Britain, the European club has really always been about trade,
:27:26. > :27:29.about the wealth creating potential of all this.
:27:30. > :27:32.That is not so for the European nations across the water.
:27:33. > :27:35.Almost all of them have suffered within living memory
:27:36. > :27:38.the humiliations of military defeat, of foreign occupation and a fascist
:27:39. > :27:44.For them, the European process has been driven by the need to turn
:27:45. > :27:52.It has been about securing democracy, about banishing war,
:27:53. > :27:55.it has been about national redemption.
:27:56. > :27:58.That has just never been so for Britain.
:27:59. > :28:01.Across the water, ever closer union has, from the start,
:28:02. > :28:08.The nation state was seen as being insufficient.
:28:09. > :28:15.Nationalism was bad because that was what happened
:28:16. > :28:17.So they had to come up with some solutions that would be
:28:18. > :28:22.about the nation state, supranational solutions.
:28:23. > :28:24.Britain has embraced the economic change that EU
:28:25. > :28:29.But it has never much liked the political ambitions that
:28:30. > :28:34.For the water that separates Britain from Europe is also a border
:28:35. > :28:35.between two quite different historical experiences.
:28:36. > :28:39.Two quite different ways of thinking about the EU and what it is for.
:28:40. > :28:47.Alan Little, BBC News, on Southampton Water.
:28:48. > :28:49.The Dutch painter Hieronymous van Aken
:28:50. > :28:52.better known as Hieronymous Bosch produced some of the most exotic
:28:53. > :28:57.To mark the 500th anniversary of his death many of his most
:28:58. > :28:59.startling works have been gathered for the first time
:29:00. > :29:17.Our Arts Correspondent David Sillito has been along to take a look.
:29:18. > :29:20.Bosch is telling us about good and evil.
:29:21. > :29:28.He was a master of the weird and strange.
:29:29. > :29:30.Hieronymous Bosch, this exhibition is a homecoming for paintings
:29:31. > :29:34.scattered across the world and here in his hometown you can see
:29:35. > :29:45.The view from the cathedral has barely changed in 500 years.
:29:46. > :29:49.And this eerie image, locals recognise it but to see it,
:29:50. > :29:53.you have to take a boat under the city.
:29:54. > :30:07.Because a lot of dead soldiers were buried here in the water,
:30:08. > :30:21.This market square, the buildings have changed but it is still
:30:22. > :30:25.the medieval landscape he would recognise.
:30:26. > :30:28.This is his old house, he is everywhere but there is one
:30:29. > :30:39.Which is what makes this so extraordinary.
:30:40. > :30:44.This, The Haywain, has come back for the first time
:30:45. > :30:53.I am walking across that market square where he lived and worked
:30:54. > :31:16.But what is certain is that 15 years of coaxing and cajolling the world's
:31:17. > :31:20.great galleries has paid off, and if we're ever going
:31:21. > :31:31.to understand the strange Mr Bosch, it is going to be here.
:31:32. > :31:35.Newsnight is coming up on BBC Two, here's Emily.
:31:36. > :31:43.Tonight the Health Secretary tells us that there is no north to the new
:31:44. > :31:45.to the new contract for junior doctors, he is imposing.