:00:00. > :00:08.Tonight at Ten - Russian forces are to be withdrawn from Syria.
:00:09. > :00:11.President Putin says their mission has been accomplished.
:00:12. > :00:14.For the past six months, Russian forces have been attacking
:00:15. > :00:17.the enemies of President Bashar al-Assad, but now they say it's time
:00:18. > :00:23.While the rest of the world was taken by surprise,
:00:24. > :00:28.Russia said it had agreed the change with Syria over the past few weeks.
:00:29. > :00:31.TRANSLATION: With the participation of the Russian military,
:00:32. > :00:33.there has been a dramatic turnaround in the situation
:00:34. > :00:38.in the fight against international terrorism.
:00:39. > :00:40.We'll have the latest from the Syrian capital Damascus -
:00:41. > :00:42.and we'll be reporting on the continued turbulence
:00:43. > :00:49.In Germany, Chancellor Merkel says she will not close the door
:00:50. > :00:54.on migrants, despite major losses for her party in regional elections.
:00:55. > :00:56.Hundreds of migrants leave a camp in northern Greece,
:00:57. > :00:58.wading through water to avoid a border fence,
:00:59. > :01:07.From rebel to Master of the Queen's Music -
:01:08. > :01:08.the composer Sir Peter Maxwell-Davies has died
:01:09. > :01:14.And the mysterious evolution of T-Rex.
:01:15. > :01:35.We report on a great leap forward by scientists.
:01:36. > :01:40.Can Leicester extend their lead at the top of the Premier League, or
:01:41. > :01:48.camera for Benitez start his Newcastle ten year with a win? -- or
:01:49. > :01:54.Canon Rafa Benitez start his Newcastle career with a win.
:01:55. > :01:58.President Putin of Russia has taken the international community
:01:59. > :02:00.by surprise and ordered most of his forces to
:02:01. > :02:04.Mr Putin said that the Russian military intervention -
:02:05. > :02:06.which started last September - had largely achieved its objectives,
:02:07. > :02:08.and now was the time to intensify the peace process.
:02:09. > :02:10.American officials said they'd had no advance warning
:02:11. > :02:17.Over the past six months, Russia has invested heavily
:02:18. > :02:20.in its air and naval facilities, at Latakia and Tartus.
:02:21. > :02:22.It's carried out thousands of air strikes across Syria,
:02:23. > :02:24.taking significant territory from the enemies
:02:25. > :02:26.Our chief international correspondent Lyse Doucet
:02:27. > :02:41.is in the Syrian capital Damascus tonight.
:02:42. > :02:48.The message from the President's office in Damascus in the last hour
:02:49. > :02:52.is he moved by Russia was coordinated with the President's
:02:53. > :02:56.office, and that it had been studied for some time. What seems equally
:02:57. > :03:00.clear is that Moscow has been studying what has come out of
:03:01. > :03:05.Damascus, including a stubborn refusal to even consider discussing
:03:06. > :03:09.the future of President Assad, and also talk of a military solution in
:03:10. > :03:14.this war. It's not what Moscow has in mind.
:03:15. > :03:20.Russia's military intervention in Syria has changed the tide of this
:03:21. > :03:25.war in President Assad's favour. When Moscow sent in its warplanes
:03:26. > :03:28.and advanced weaponry last September, its ally was faltering on
:03:29. > :03:36.key front lines. Then came this shock announcement. TRANSLATION: I
:03:37. > :03:40.think that the task that was put before the Ministry of Defence and
:03:41. > :03:43.the Armed Forces is largely complete. Therefore, I ordered the
:03:44. > :03:49.Minister of defence, from tomorrow, to begin the withdrawal of the main
:03:50. > :03:56.part of our military from the Syrian Arabic republic. Ever since Russia
:03:57. > :03:58.intervened in Syria, its Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, has worked
:03:59. > :04:04.closely with his American counterpart. But today, even the
:04:05. > :04:09.White House seems to have been taken by surprise. I haven't seen those
:04:10. > :04:16.specific reports. And what about President Assad, who is said to have
:04:17. > :04:19.been informed? He made a surprise visit to Moscow last of Toba to see
:04:20. > :04:24.the Russian leader, his only visit out of Syria since the war began
:04:25. > :04:31.five years ago. A clear sign of who has the upper hand in a crucial
:04:32. > :04:36.relationship. I think this is a bid for Russia to use its leveraged in
:04:37. > :04:38.the Syria conflict to pressure Assad, as Russia has orally asked
:04:39. > :04:41.him to be constructive in these peace talks to try to move the
:04:42. > :04:48.political transition process forward. Russia didn't just throw
:04:49. > :04:53.its weight on the battlefield, it also helped break a stubborn
:04:54. > :04:57.diplomatic stalemate at the UN Security Council last December. And
:04:58. > :05:01.it paved the way for the first major truce in this war, now in its third
:05:02. > :05:08.week, and unexpectedly still holding. But this may be why this
:05:09. > :05:13.announcement came today. Peace talks in Geneva, where the Syrian
:05:14. > :05:18.government is taking a hard line. Too hard for Moscow. And the UN,
:05:19. > :05:22.which sounded a warning. I don't know whether anyone else has a plan
:05:23. > :05:30.B here, I am only aware of a planned a, which is giving the maximum
:05:31. > :05:36.chances, and the maximum pressure by the international community, in
:05:37. > :05:40.order to ensure that this type of Syrian talks and the cessation of
:05:41. > :05:47.hostilities, and the humanitarian task force, is given the maximum
:05:48. > :05:51.opportunity. Russia doesn't want another long war, another
:05:52. > :05:56.Afghanistan. It will not pull out completely. But saying to its Syrian
:05:57. > :06:00.ally, we expect you to sit down and negotiate a way out of this war.
:06:01. > :06:02.Our Russia correspondent Steve Rozenberg is in Moscow.
:06:03. > :06:04.Steve, you've recently been reporting on Russian military
:06:05. > :06:06.operations in Syria - how do you read today's
:06:07. > :06:19.It's quite a surprise. The last time I was at the Russian airbase in
:06:20. > :06:25.Syria ten days ago, there was clearly less military activity than
:06:26. > :06:29.I had seen on previous trips, less bombers and fighter jets taking off
:06:30. > :06:33.than before, and we were told the Infosys was moving to diplomacy. We
:06:34. > :06:36.were shown a peace and reconciliation Centre the army had
:06:37. > :06:40.set up at the base but there were no hints the army were going to
:06:41. > :06:43.announce a major troop withdrawal. It's clear the Russians didn't want
:06:44. > :06:49.to get bogged down in a protracted military conflict. They did not want
:06:50. > :06:53.a second Afghanistan. The Kremlin is calculating that with cessation of
:06:54. > :06:57.hostilities in Syria, and with the peace process starting, this was the
:06:58. > :07:01.time to scale back and bring back lots of troops and declare the
:07:02. > :07:05.operation a success. One caveat, the numbers. We don't know how many
:07:06. > :07:09.troops are coming back, and we do not know how many will remain at the
:07:10. > :07:14.Russian airbase and the Russian naval facility, its only outlet to
:07:15. > :07:18.the Mediterranean. The West has criticised Russia over Russia's
:07:19. > :07:26.military campaign in Syria, accusing the Russians of targeting anyone
:07:27. > :07:28.taking up arms against President Assad. But tonight Moscow is
:07:29. > :07:33.declaring this operation a military, political and diplomatic success.
:07:34. > :07:35.Syria's northern neighbour, Turkey, is having to grapple with a series
:07:36. > :07:38.of challenges as a result of the Syrian conflict
:07:39. > :07:40.and the impact it's having on the wider region.
:07:41. > :07:42.Turkish fighter jets have today been attacking Kurdish targets
:07:43. > :07:46.The Turks are blaming the banned Kurdistan Workers' Party
:07:47. > :07:52.for yesterday's bomb attack in Ankara, which killed
:07:53. > :07:56.Police have detained 11 people in connection with the bombing.
:07:57. > :07:58.Our correspondent Ian Pannell sent this report from
:07:59. > :08:06.Last night she was waiting for a bus home.
:08:07. > :08:21.Another victim of the turmoil that is becoming too common here.
:08:22. > :08:32.Students, teachers, parents, pensioners, friends and young
:08:33. > :08:41.There is little to commemorate the dead.
:08:42. > :08:45.Just small gestures of solidarity and defiance.
:08:46. > :08:48.These students heard the explosion from their flat.
:08:49. > :09:04.Tonight, the students stood defiant in the rain in remembrance.
:09:05. > :09:09.All the people you see here, in pain, actually.
:09:10. > :09:12.But they don't have the courage to show that, because after everything,
:09:13. > :09:15.the government and stuff, so we came here and just
:09:16. > :09:20.want to show respect to those people.
:09:21. > :09:27.Turkey thinks Kurdish separatists carried out this attack.
:09:28. > :09:29.Arrests have been made, warplanes dispatched,
:09:30. > :09:33.but Ankara has many enemies in the region and there may be some
:09:34. > :09:37.Hundreds of police have been deployed onto the streets
:09:38. > :09:47.24 hours after the blast, officers are scouring the scene
:09:48. > :09:49.for clues as they recover some of the debris.
:09:50. > :09:51.Turkey's president has told the people not be afraid,
:09:52. > :09:53.that terrorism will be brought to its knees.
:09:54. > :09:56.But the truth is that people are afraid, and there is very little
:09:57. > :09:58.evidence that Turkey is winning this war.
:09:59. > :10:00.There have been too many moments like this in Turkey.
:10:01. > :10:03.More than 200 have been killed in similar attacks
:10:04. > :10:10.Kurdish militants, the Islamic State group,
:10:11. > :10:16.The turmoil that used to rage beyond Turkey's borders now
:10:17. > :10:24.So, once again, bereaved families huddled at the city morgue today.
:10:25. > :10:30.United in grief and desperate for answers, as people wonder
:10:31. > :10:40.if their government can really protect them as it promised.
:10:41. > :10:48.Our Middle East editor Jeremy Bowen is with me now.
:10:49. > :10:57.We are talking today about attacks in Syria, Turkey, and it shows what
:10:58. > :11:06.a competent multilayered problem this is. We have to think of Syria
:11:07. > :11:08.as a mini world war. Some of the world's biggest powers involved, as
:11:09. > :11:12.well as regional friends and enemies. Looking at what's going on
:11:13. > :11:18.in Turkey, plenty of domestic reasons why this is happening, it's
:11:19. > :11:22.a one of the major reasons of the fight with the Kurds is because of
:11:23. > :11:25.the export of violence from Syria, and the politics over there
:11:26. > :11:30.regarding various Kurdish groups. Moving on to Putin and Russia, he's
:11:31. > :11:37.a geopolitical gambler. Looking at this again, he's won a view hands,
:11:38. > :11:42.cashed in quite a future 's, and is still at the table. The West said it
:11:43. > :11:47.was going to be a quagmire for him in Syria, but he has found a way of
:11:48. > :11:51.declaring victory, and getting out and keeping his options open by
:11:52. > :11:54.keeping forces there who can be revived if necessary. He is keeping
:11:55. > :11:59.the West on the defensive, keeping them guessing. Another shrewd move
:12:00. > :12:07.by him. As for the talks in Geneva, I think the intervention over six
:12:08. > :12:12.months has strengthened Assad, changed the military balance and the
:12:13. > :12:16.equilibria, meaning that the Syrian government side is going into those
:12:17. > :12:24.talks as a much more empowered member of that. More awful scenes of
:12:25. > :12:30.refugees also in the headlines, impacting on German politics as
:12:31. > :12:34.well, Western leaders, used to think they might be able to contain or
:12:35. > :12:39.ignore what's going on in Syria, but they can't.
:12:40. > :12:41.The German chancellor, Angela Merkel, has insisted
:12:42. > :12:43.she will not change her policy on allowing significant numbers
:12:44. > :12:45.of migrants into the country, despite her party's losses
:12:46. > :12:48.The anti-immigration party - Alternative for Germany -
:12:49. > :12:51.won its first seats in the states that voted yesterday.
:12:52. > :12:53.Germany accepted a record 1.1 million refugees last year.
:12:54. > :13:04.Our Europe editor Katya Adler reports from Berlin.
:13:05. > :13:07.Iron Angie is one of the German Chancellor's nicknames.
:13:08. > :13:11.The migrant crisis has shown her mettle like never before.
:13:12. > :13:13.Where there's a will, there's a way, she's insisted.
:13:14. > :13:26.No border closures, no refugee limits for Germany -
:13:27. > :13:28.a policy she's sticking to, despite rising public pressure,
:13:29. > :13:29.reflected in yesterday's regional vote.
:13:30. > :13:32.I believe the approach is right, she said in Berlin today,
:13:33. > :13:40.TRANSLATION: Yesterday was a difficult day.
:13:41. > :13:43.The dominating topic in the vote was refugees and the refugee policy,
:13:44. > :13:46.and the fact that people believe this issue has not
:13:47. > :13:49.But be careful about reading too much
:13:50. > :13:59.Despite some of the doom-laden headlines you're probably coming
:14:00. > :14:03.across, this was more stark warning than boot out of the door for Angela
:14:04. > :14:06.She still enjoys popularity ratings at home other European
:14:07. > :14:10.But many of her countrymen do feel she's out of touch
:14:11. > :14:13.with fast-changing events here, the effect the arrival of a million
:14:14. > :14:17.asylum seekers in Germany is having on their lives.
:14:18. > :14:19.Enter the right-wing populist AFD Party, which plays on public
:14:20. > :14:27.This is one of its campaign posters, demanding better safety for German
:14:28. > :14:29.wives and daughters, a reference to New Year's Eve
:14:30. > :14:38.The party secured a seat in all three state parliaments
:14:39. > :14:41.yesterday, the best regional result of any German right-wing populist
:14:42. > :14:47.Considering World War II sensitivities here, this led
:14:48. > :14:54.Frauka Petry, the public face of the AFD, was on the defensive.
:14:55. > :14:57.She told me the migration crisis wasn't caused by her party -
:14:58. > :15:05.One idea of yours that made the headlines all over Europe
:15:06. > :15:07.was the idea of the German army pointing their weapons at migrants
:15:08. > :15:13.Which again, it would be helpful if one reads the original interview.
:15:14. > :15:18.I cited German legislation, which, as a very last resort,
:15:19. > :15:31.I said to use weapons if there's no other way.
:15:32. > :15:37.The AFD is making a lot of noise in Germany at the moment,
:15:38. > :15:44.but this is especially because yesterday's regional vote
:15:45. > :15:46.is seen as significant ahead of a German general
:15:47. > :15:50.So can Angela Merkel afford regional upsets in the long-running?
:15:51. > :15:57.She obviously appears weakened, but she is not damaged
:15:58. > :16:00.A canny political survivor, Chancellor Merkel knows Germans
:16:01. > :16:02.appreciate predictability and continuity.
:16:03. > :16:05.At home and in Europe, she will keep pushing migrant
:16:06. > :16:17.politics her way, and hope for the best.
:16:18. > :16:23.Angela Merkel has her fingers crossed this week ahead of the next
:16:24. > :16:27.EU- Turkey summit, and she is the driving force behind a deal by which
:16:28. > :16:31.Turkey would accept back all arriving migrants into the Greek
:16:32. > :16:35.islands. She needs a deal to boost her credibility back home, but on
:16:36. > :16:40.the European level, it's costing her dearly. Other EU leaders resent her
:16:41. > :16:44.pushiness over the migrant crisis, as they did previously over the Euro
:16:45. > :16:49.crisis. They also worry about Turkey's counter demands and its
:16:50. > :16:52.shaky human rights record. Angela Merkel is confident she can bulldoze
:16:53. > :17:00.the German populists, but she worries far more about growing
:17:01. > :17:02.European disunity and her EU isolation.
:17:03. > :17:05.Hundreds of migrants have left a camp in northern Greece,
:17:06. > :17:07.wading through a river to avoid a border fence,
:17:08. > :17:12.The Macedonian authorities said those who crossed into the country
:17:13. > :17:14.had been detained by the police and army,
:17:15. > :17:20.More than 10,000 people have been stranded at the camp at Idomeni
:17:21. > :17:23.after several Balkan nations, including Macedonia,
:17:24. > :17:29.But today hundreds made it out after crossing a river and finding
:17:30. > :17:36.Our correspondent Danny Savage is there and sent this report.
:17:37. > :17:39.This is the consequence of Europe's borders closing down.
:17:40. > :17:43.Tonight, we found these families trekking through the frontier
:17:44. > :17:47.woodlands of Greece, looking to slip across to Macedonia.
:17:48. > :17:51.We are very scared, one of them tells us.
:17:52. > :17:57.Other migrants today were much more bold.
:17:58. > :17:59.With nothing to lose, they went on a march.
:18:00. > :18:01.Thousands of people, walking towards a border
:18:02. > :18:08.For weeks, they have been stuck in Greece.
:18:09. > :18:11.They are aiming to get to Germany, but all the Balkan border gates
:18:12. > :18:15.between here and there have slammed shut.
:18:16. > :18:18.But they have got this far, and they are not giving up.
:18:19. > :18:31.TRANSLATION: We are done with injustice, frustration
:18:32. > :18:38.We still have some misery ahead of us today, but we will get there.
:18:39. > :18:40.We are going to cross, no matter how.
:18:41. > :18:45.The migrants are undeterred by the obstacles in their path.
:18:46. > :18:47.At least three people drowned near here last night,
:18:48. > :18:49.but they are prepared to take the risk.
:18:50. > :18:51.Desperate people, doing dangerous things.
:18:52. > :18:53.They have become disillusioned with the conditions
:18:54. > :18:58.It turned into a swamp after days of rain.
:18:59. > :19:03.Anywhere is better than this, they thought, which is why they set
:19:04. > :19:09.And it wasn't a warm welcome either when many hundreds did eventually
:19:10. > :19:19.Tonight, families camped out on the muddy path to Macedonia,
:19:20. > :19:26.The philosophy of the people here is very simple.
:19:27. > :19:29.They haven't spent all that money on a dangerous sea journey to get
:19:30. > :19:35.They want to go forward and not retreat, and some of them have
:19:36. > :19:38.told me they are prepared to walk to Germany if they have to.
:19:39. > :19:41.It's exhausting trying to get where you want to.
:19:42. > :19:44.Will the authorities make more of an effort to stop their progress
:19:45. > :19:46.tomorrow, or will they still find a way?
:19:47. > :19:56.Danny Savage, BBC News, northern Greece.
:19:57. > :19:58.A Merseyside teenager, accused of murdering a police
:19:59. > :20:01.officer by deliberately running him down during a high speed
:20:02. > :20:03.chase, has been a cannabis user since the age of six,
:20:04. > :20:05.according to evidence heard in court.
:20:06. > :20:07.Clayton Williams, who's now 19, said he'd been smoking on the day
:20:08. > :20:10.of PC Dave Phillips' death in Wallasey last October.
:20:11. > :20:18.The family of PC Dave Phillips has already heard how the officer
:20:19. > :20:20.was run over, and suffered a violent death.
:20:21. > :20:24.they heard from the teenager accused of murder.
:20:25. > :20:27.Clayton Williams told jurors he didn't see PC Phillips.
:20:28. > :20:41.Clayton Williams admits burgling this shop
:20:42. > :20:44.He reached speeds of 80 mph before he hit PC Phillips,
:20:45. > :20:46.but says he can't remember exactly what happened
:20:47. > :20:53.That, Clayton Williams said, was down to his cannabis habit.
:20:54. > :20:56.He said he had been smoking it since he was six.
:20:57. > :21:03.In court, Clayton Williams admitted he had already served
:21:04. > :21:06.a prison sentence for crashing a car during a police chase.
:21:07. > :21:09.He told the jurors he would do anything to avoid
:21:10. > :21:13.In the dock, Clayton Williams was asked why he didn't stop
:21:14. > :21:22.He said he panicked, and rang his grandmother.
:21:23. > :21:38.He told jurors "I didn't intend to kill,
:21:39. > :21:40."I only wanted to rob a shop".
:21:41. > :21:45.Ed Thomas, BBC News, Manchester Crown Court.
:21:46. > :21:48.The former head of the civil service - Lord Kerslake -
:21:49. > :21:51.says the government faces an "uphill task" to persuade people that
:21:52. > :21:55.further cuts to public spending are needed.
:21:56. > :21:59.Speaking ahead of Wednesday's budget, he said more savings had
:22:00. > :22:02.to be made, but there were no easy ones left,
:22:03. > :22:05.and warned that the Chancellor had "very narrow space for manoeuvre",
:22:06. > :22:15.as our political editor Laura Kuenssberg reports.
:22:16. > :22:18.Balancing the books doesn't turn politicians into rock stars.
:22:19. > :22:21.But his Government's mission has always been sorting the economy out
:22:22. > :22:26.Visiting a London girls' school today ahead of the Budget,
:22:27. > :22:30.David Cameron appeared to have a lot of fans.
:22:31. > :22:35.George Osborne promised he would fix the deficit in five years,
:22:36. > :22:39.but at Budget after Budget, progress has been slow.
:22:40. > :22:43.By 2015 he said we were heading out of the red and back into the black,
:22:44. > :22:45.but paying off the costs of the crash we're only
:22:46. > :22:50.When he's back out here on Wednesday, the tone
:22:51. > :22:57.Don't expect much talk of sunshine because since the Chancellor's last
:22:58. > :23:00.big day out, money worries in markets right round the world
:23:01. > :23:03.have emerged so there's less cash flowing into government coffers.
:23:04. > :23:16.So even after six years of cuts, he'll squeeze public spending again.
:23:17. > :23:18.Lord Kerslake was the head of the civil service,
:23:19. > :23:21.one of the most senior officials hunting for cuts in
:23:22. > :23:26.I think the choices are quite difficult because the Chancellor
:23:27. > :23:32.said he doesn't want to raise more taxes.
:23:33. > :23:34.The obvious efficiency savings have come through,
:23:35. > :23:37.period, and his choices around welfare reform now,
:23:38. > :23:41.given what happened with the tax credits, I think are quite difficult
:23:42. > :23:45.as well, so it's hard to see where the easy choices are now.
:23:46. > :23:51.There are likely to be more cuts to welfare, possibly a rise in fuel
:23:52. > :23:54.tax, and an expected extra ?4 billion of savings every
:23:55. > :24:00.But even in Tory-controlled Kent, the leader of the council believes
:24:01. > :24:06.Next year's Budget is going to be a really tough Budget
:24:07. > :24:10.where we are having to dig into our reserves but it is going to be
:24:11. > :24:17.Next year's Budget is going to be a really tough Budget
:24:18. > :24:20.where we are having to dig into our reserves but it is going to be
:24:21. > :24:24.The tank is now empty and we cannot take any more cuts
:24:25. > :24:27.in the scale that we have endured over the last five years.
:24:28. > :24:29.In some public services, the pressure to cut costs has
:24:30. > :24:33.Paul is blind and has learning difficulties.
:24:34. > :24:36.He used to get 20 hours of care a week.
:24:37. > :24:40.As part of a trial in Kent, Paul was taught to order his weekly
:24:41. > :24:42.shop online and he now receives only two hours of council help,
:24:43. > :24:55.I set up an online shopping account with the supermarket and I practiced
:24:56. > :25:07.Once I got better, I was able to do it on my own.
:25:08. > :25:13.Tough times can present opportunities too, but with pressure
:25:14. > :25:15.from the European referendum bearing down, George Osborne needs smart
:25:16. > :25:30.Football now, and Leicester City are five points clear at the top of the
:25:31. > :25:35.Barclays Premier League after beating Newcastle United 1-0 this
:25:36. > :25:38.evening. Shinji Okazaki scored the only goal to move them further clear
:25:39. > :25:42.of Tottenham Hotspur in the race for the title with eight matches left to
:25:43. > :25:44.play. Newcastle lost their first game under new coach Rafa Benitez,
:25:45. > :25:47.and they remain in the bottom three. Tyrannosaurus Rex -
:25:48. > :25:49.one of the fiercest predators ever seen on Earth - dominated
:25:50. > :25:51.the landscape around Until now, it's been unclear how
:25:52. > :25:55.it evolved into such But a team from the University
:25:56. > :25:59.of Edinburgh believes it's solved the mystery, with a new discovery
:26:00. > :26:02.of one of T-Rex's smaller ancestors. Our science correspondent
:26:03. > :26:32.Victoria Gill explains. There is an ever loose dream mystery
:26:33. > :26:38.surrounding this prehistoric hunter. How did T Rex become such a giant?
:26:39. > :26:42.-- there is an evolutionary mystery. That's what this small collection of
:26:43. > :26:46.fossilised bones might finally have answered. We have a totally news
:26:47. > :26:52.pieces of dinosaur, a meat-eating one, a tyrannosaurus one, and it
:26:53. > :26:56.comes from Uzbekistan, about 90 million years old. It's only the
:26:57. > :27:01.size of a horse but is one of the closest cousins of the T Rex and it
:27:02. > :27:07.tells us how T Rex was able to become so big and dominant. The
:27:08. > :27:11.relatively few bones the scientists found in Uzbekistan are key pieces
:27:12. > :27:16.of an ancient skeletal jigsaw. They have allowed the team to reconstruct
:27:17. > :27:23.this news PCs. Most revealing was a piece of the animal's 's. Scanning
:27:24. > :27:26.and modelling this showed the dinosaur's brain was almost
:27:27. > :27:40.identical to the T Rex. -- new species. -- the animal's skull. This
:27:41. > :27:45.new species is 90 million years old, and it's the first time ran to date
:27:46. > :27:49.to appoint in the fossil record that separates T Rex from its small
:27:50. > :27:53.ancestors. It finally pins down the point at which these livestock sized
:27:54. > :28:00.carnivores began to evolve, to eventually become these 12 metre
:28:01. > :28:06.long monsters. T Rex was far bigger and more terrifying than its
:28:07. > :28:07.predecessors. But in the story of tyrannosaur evolution, the brain
:28:08. > :28:13.came before the brawn. The distinguished composer and
:28:14. > :28:15.conductor Sir Peter Maxwell Davies He had been suffering
:28:16. > :28:18.from leukaemia. Sir Peter, widely regarded
:28:19. > :28:21.as a radical, pioneering figure, also held the post of Master
:28:22. > :28:25.of the Queen's Music for a decade. Last month, he was awarded the Royal
:28:26. > :28:27.Philharmonic Society Gold Medal, the highest accolade
:28:28. > :28:30.the society can bestow, as our arts editor
:28:31. > :28:34.Will Gompertz reports. in rehearsals for his newly
:28:35. > :28:48.written 10th Symphony. Max, as he was known to all,
:28:49. > :28:52.was a prolific composer who believed passionately in the power
:28:53. > :28:57.and purpose of his art. These days, when there is so much
:28:58. > :29:00.strife, so much war and so much
:29:01. > :29:05.destruction, to do something and I hope in result,
:29:06. > :29:13.at the top end of what is possible in a civilisation,
:29:14. > :29:16.what a privilege, eh? The young Maxwell Davies
:29:17. > :29:25.was regarded as an enfant terrible an avant-garde composer accused
:29:26. > :29:33.of writing incomprehensible pieces. A lot of people have
:29:34. > :29:36.criticised me for writing music I take for granted that what I write
:29:37. > :29:45.has got a meaning. I think a composer should be able
:29:46. > :29:48.to take that for granted, otherwise he should not be
:29:49. > :29:52.in the business at all. determined and uncompromising
:29:53. > :29:58.within. Peter Maxwell Davies
:29:59. > :30:02.went his own idiosyncratic way, ironic, highly influential
:30:03. > :30:13.Eight Songs For A Mad King. His taste for anarchy turned
:30:14. > :30:15.into admiration for the monarchy... It's a great pleasure to be able
:30:16. > :30:18.to give you that. ..After the Queen honoured him
:30:19. > :30:25.by making him her Master of Music. I think we were all a bit blindsided
:30:26. > :30:30.by the fact that he had accepted it, He was an astonishingly
:30:31. > :30:34.wide-ranging composer and musician. He was very clear about
:30:35. > :30:37.what he believed in, and he believed in good things,
:30:38. > :30:40.particularly education, with a very democratic
:30:41. > :30:43.view of music. In 1971, the Salford-born composer
:30:44. > :30:48.moved to the Orkney Islands, which became his home
:30:49. > :30:52.and inspiration. I think the sea has played
:30:53. > :30:55.an enormous part in my work, first of all in the sound of it,
:30:56. > :30:58.but then the history of it. And it gets through to you,
:30:59. > :31:01.you don't have to think about it, Sir Peter Maxwell Davies had
:31:02. > :31:05.been ill for some time, but he never
:31:06. > :31:07.stopped working or maintaining that music can make the world
:31:08. > :31:09.a better place. It was a point he spent
:31:10. > :31:15.his life proving. Sir Peter Maxwell Davies,
:31:16. > :31:21.who's died today at the age of 81. Like many things Russian -
:31:22. > :31:27.it's taken the world What does the Putin pull
:31:28. > :31:31.out mean for Syria? Join me now on BBC 2,
:31:32. > :31:36.11pm in Scotland. Here on BBC One, it's time
:31:37. > :31:44.for the news where you are.