0:00:55 > 0:00:57Welcome to our viewers on public television here in the US,
0:00:57 > 0:00:58and also around the globe.
0:00:58 > 0:01:01Police in Austin Texas say they now believe a serial bomber is behind
0:01:01 > 0:01:04four explosions which have killed two people since early March.
0:01:04 > 0:01:06The latest explosion on Sunday night appears to have been
0:01:06 > 0:01:08triggered by a tripwire, which police say shows
0:01:08 > 0:01:10a "higher level of skill" than the previous bombs.
0:01:10 > 0:01:20Gary ODonoghue reports from Austin.
0:01:49 > 0:01:53Latest attack was different, not parcel bombs, but seemingly a device
0:01:53 > 0:01:57left on the sidewalk and triggered by some kind of trip wire as two
0:01:57 > 0:02:01young men walked by customwith this trip wire, it changes things, it is
0:02:01 > 0:02:04more sophisticated, it is not targeted to individuals, we are very
0:02:04 > 0:02:09concerned that with trip wires, a child could be walking down a
0:02:09 > 0:02:13sidewalk and hit something, so it is very important that here in Austin,
0:02:13 > 0:02:18if anyone sees anything suspicious, you do not go near that package, you
0:02:18 > 0:02:21immediately call law enforcement so we can get bomb techs out there to
0:02:21 > 0:02:26deal with the suspect package.The latest victims have significant
0:02:26 > 0:02:29injuries but are stable and hospitals. The police say so far
0:02:29 > 0:02:33they have no suspects.We are clearly dealing with what we expect
0:02:33 > 0:02:38to be a serial bomber based on the similarities between what is now the
0:02:38 > 0:02:41fourth to vice, and again as we look at this individual and the pattern
0:02:41 > 0:02:45and what we are looking at here, will have to determine if we see a
0:02:45 > 0:02:51specific ideology behind this.
0:02:51 > 0:02:52The bomber's specific ideology behind this.
0:02:52 > 0:02:52The bomber's first specific ideology behind this.
0:02:52 > 0:02:54The bomber's first victims specific ideology behind this.
0:02:54 > 0:02:55The bomber's first victims were specific ideology behind this.
0:02:55 > 0:02:56The bomber's first victims were black and prominent African-American
0:02:56 > 0:03:01families, leading to suspicions it could be a hate crime. But the
0:03:01 > 0:03:05indiscriminate nature of last night's attack, where both victims
0:03:05 > 0:03:10were white, means that the authorities do not know what
0:03:10 > 0:03:14motivation they are dealing with.
0:03:14 > 0:03:17For more on these bombings, I spoke earlier with Jack Tomarchio,
0:03:17 > 0:03:18who was an official at the department
0:03:18 > 0:03:19of homeland security.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22What does it tell us about this investigation that there are now
0:03:22 > 0:03:27about 500 federal agents on the scene?Well, Right now the federal
0:03:27 > 0:03:31agents are trying to harvest evidence. You have four separate
0:03:31 > 0:03:37explosive devices. The first three seen to be of similar construction.
0:03:37 > 0:03:41And the last one, of course, had a different attack mode our two. It
0:03:41 > 0:03:46was detonated by tripwire. What the federal authorities are doing right
0:03:46 > 0:03:51now is they are trying to harvest evidence. So, for example, is there
0:03:51 > 0:03:55any biometric evidence at the site? When these things blow up, certainly
0:03:55 > 0:04:00the device is destroyed, at its not destroyed in such a way that it
0:04:00 > 0:04:06doesn't exist any more. So they will look to see if there is any
0:04:06 > 0:04:14fingerprints, are there any DNA, possibly, on bows on -- on those
0:04:14 > 0:04:18pieces of debris. They will try to match that up, and try to understand
0:04:18 > 0:04:24how they were constructed, was at construct off the internet? Did this
0:04:24 > 0:04:26individual has any special engineering skills or use any
0:04:26 > 0:04:30special tools? This will hopefully point to an identity. The other
0:04:30 > 0:04:35thing they will look at, what was the explosive made of, what was the
0:04:35 > 0:04:39raw material, and where did it come from? Did it come from a hardware
0:04:39 > 0:04:43store or a chemical supply store? If it did, they will stop Comey around
0:04:43 > 0:04:48the Austin area looking for that. Austin police are saying that they
0:04:48 > 0:04:52are dealing with a serial bomber here. How does that change the
0:04:52 > 0:04:58nature of their investigation?Well, it does a couple of things. Totally
0:04:58 > 0:05:02it's very dangerous. You have an individual that is may be motivated
0:05:02 > 0:05:06by a political motive, may be motivated by a personal grudge
0:05:06 > 0:05:10against the city or his neighbours. And now they are going to look for
0:05:10 > 0:05:15an individual that is, I would say, highly organised, fairly
0:05:15 > 0:05:20intelligent, probably very intelligent, and is now probably
0:05:20 > 0:05:23somewhat enjoying this. A lot of these serial bombers, serial
0:05:23 > 0:05:27killers, they consider themselves to be a little step up, actually, than
0:05:27 > 0:05:32most of your average criminals. I think of an individual like the you
0:05:32 > 0:05:39know bomber, a very smart guy, a mathematics graduate from Harvard
0:05:39 > 0:05:42University who thought he was the smartest guy in the room. They want
0:05:42 > 0:05:47to understand his motivation, not only what he used to bill the actual
0:05:47 > 0:05:52bomb but what might have motivated him to do this.How will they find a
0:05:52 > 0:05:55motive, do you think?Well, that the tough part. They are really going to
0:05:55 > 0:06:01have to piece this evidence together and they are going to have to
0:06:01 > 0:06:03around for individuals that may have heard them think, maybe somebody
0:06:03 > 0:06:08knows somebody who has sprouted something off, they have got a lot
0:06:08 > 0:06:12of work to do here, and we don't even know if this is related to
0:06:12 > 0:06:15terrorism what overseas terrorism or domestic terrorism or just some guy
0:06:15 > 0:06:20that has a bright, they just don't know that right now.Thank you,
0:06:20 > 0:06:24Jack.
0:06:24 > 0:06:27Uber is suspending driverless car tests in the US and Canada
0:06:27 > 0:06:30after a self-driving vehicle struck and killed a woman in Arizona.
0:06:30 > 0:06:32It's the first time a self-driving car has been involved
0:06:32 > 0:06:34in a fatal collision, and raises questions over
0:06:34 > 0:06:38the future of the technology.
0:06:38 > 0:06:40For more, I spoke earlier with Dave Lee, who's
0:06:40 > 0:06:43outside Uber headquarters.
0:06:43 > 0:06:49Dave, what are Uber saying about this crash and the investigation?
0:06:49 > 0:06:52Well, first of all, Cooper has expressed its condolences about what
0:06:52 > 0:06:58happened. -- Uber. This 49 year-old woman was walking across the road
0:06:58 > 0:07:04with her bike in the early hours of Monday morning in Arizona when the
0:07:04 > 0:07:06car struck her and she later died from the injuries she sustained in
0:07:06 > 0:07:12that incident. Uber say they are co-operating fully with the
0:07:12 > 0:07:16investigation into what happened. And as part of their agreement to
0:07:16 > 0:07:20test this technology in Arizona, they agreed to keep very detailed
0:07:20 > 0:07:26logs of how the cars act. Precisely for reasons and incidents such as
0:07:26 > 0:07:30this one, they will be able to go back and see exactly what may have
0:07:30 > 0:07:35happened. As you mentioned, as we understand it, this is the first
0:07:35 > 0:07:39pedestrian to be killed by this technology, and I think it could
0:07:39 > 0:07:42have the potential to greatly alter the public reception of something
0:07:42 > 0:07:49that already makes people slightly nervous, I have to say.Dave, are
0:07:49 > 0:07:53Uber saying anything at all about their timetable for rolling out
0:07:53 > 0:07:59these driverless cars, and what this accident does do that?Well, the
0:07:59 > 0:08:02timetable for driverless cars has always been fairly foreign to the
0:08:02 > 0:08:07future. They've started testing driverless fleets in Arizona -- far
0:08:07 > 0:08:10into the future. They were testing them in San Francisco as well in
0:08:10 > 0:08:152016. Up until now, they have always had a human driver behind the wheel,
0:08:15 > 0:08:19somebody ready to take control should anything go wrong. That was
0:08:19 > 0:08:26the case in this incident as well. At Uber has told us that it was in
0:08:26 > 0:08:29full autonomous mode, the car's computer was dealing with all
0:08:29 > 0:08:34aspects of the driving. This may be a setback to the roll-out of
0:08:34 > 0:08:37driverless cars, however people who work on this technology say, if you
0:08:37 > 0:08:41look at the bigger picture, despite incident like this one, on the whole
0:08:41 > 0:08:46it should make driving safer.Dave Lee, thank you.
0:08:46 > 0:08:48Russia's presidential election did not provide real choice,
0:08:48 > 0:08:49say international observers, because of restrictions
0:08:50 > 0:08:53on who could run.
0:08:53 > 0:08:55Vladmir Putin easily won a fourth term in Sunday's run-off
0:08:55 > 0:08:57with 76% of the vote, beating seven other rivals.
0:08:57 > 0:08:59Setting a conciliatory tone after his victory,
0:08:59 > 0:09:01Mr Putin vowed to work with other nations in resolving
0:09:01 > 0:09:02their differences.
0:09:02 > 0:09:09The BBC's Richard Galpin has more.
0:09:09 > 0:09:17Vladimir Putin!Vladimir Putin emerging triumphant yet again. In
0:09:17 > 0:09:23front of his supporters in Mosquera Lozano. -- in Moscow last night,
0:09:23 > 0:09:30allowing election -- an election from which any serious opposition
0:09:30 > 0:09:34candidates have been excluded. Today, the Russian media, most of
0:09:34 > 0:09:38which is controlled by the Kremlin, also revelling in his appointment as
0:09:38 > 0:09:46president for another six years. And yet, CCTV footage from polling
0:09:46 > 0:09:51stations posted on social media here tells a different story. Often
0:09:51 > 0:09:58latent rigging. These women stuffing ballot boxes -- of latent rigging.
0:09:58 > 0:10:02There are reports of hundreds of violations during the boat.
0:10:02 > 0:10:05Officials say the violations this time were far fewer than in the last
0:10:05 > 0:10:12election. And Mr Putin is already concentrating again on the big
0:10:12 > 0:10:15issues of state, including the crisis with Britain over the
0:10:15 > 0:10:22poisoning of the Skripals. He is adamant that the Kremlin was not
0:10:22 > 0:10:26behind the attack. Kuggeleijn yellow it is rubbish, drivel, nonsense, to
0:10:26 > 0:10:32think that Russia would do something like that aired of the presidential
0:10:32 > 0:10:36election and the World Cup. This respected academic told me it would
0:10:36 > 0:10:39have made no sense for the Russian state to have been involved in the
0:10:39 > 0:10:46poisoning.The last thing that Putin needs right now is to have another
0:10:46 > 0:10:50problem, not even with the United Kingdom, but with the West at large.
0:10:50 > 0:10:57My assumption has always been that after the elections he would start
0:10:57 > 0:11:02making cautious steps in the direction of some kind of limited
0:11:02 > 0:11:09reconciliation.So, if not the Kremlin itself, some here believe it
0:11:09 > 0:11:13should -- could be connected to the murky world of powerful factions
0:11:13 > 0:11:17swirling around the president, those determined to keep Russia I selected
0:11:17 > 0:11:21from the West. Richard Galpin, BBC News, Moscow. -- to keep Russia
0:11:21 > 0:11:24isolated.
0:11:24 > 0:11:27For more, my colleague Katty kay spoke earlier with Angela Stent,
0:11:27 > 0:11:29an expert in Russian politics who teaches at
0:11:29 > 0:11:30Georgetown University.
0:11:30 > 0:11:36That was for the BBC's Beyond 100 Days programme.
0:11:36 > 0:11:40You have written recently that institutions in Russia have rarely
0:11:40 > 0:11:43been as insignificant as they are today over the course of the last
0:11:43 > 0:11:47100 years. Does that mean that Vladimir Putin is therefore much
0:11:47 > 0:11:52more powerful?Well, he is certainly at the moment, this is a highly
0:11:52 > 0:11:56personalised system and he appears to be very powerful now. He has just
0:11:56 > 0:12:01won 76% of the road. Even if there was ballot stuffing and some
0:12:01 > 0:12:05cheating, he is definitely popular. He appears to be very popular. But
0:12:05 > 0:12:10going forward, if this is indeed his last term, you start to get people
0:12:10 > 0:12:12manoeuvring for succession, you start to get people questioning what
0:12:12 > 0:12:16is happening. But right now, and I would say for the next year or two,
0:12:16 > 0:12:22he will indeed be very powerful white I want to pick up on that,
0:12:22 > 0:12:27Angela. There is a termlimit in Russia, he will have served 24 years
0:12:27 > 0:12:32at the end of this. Will his priorities shift because there is a
0:12:32 > 0:12:36jostling for power?Well, his priorities should shift to economic
0:12:36 > 0:12:41reform, strengthening the economy and making sure that people's
0:12:41 > 0:12:45standard of living doesn't fall and the people around him don't start
0:12:45 > 0:12:49grumbling more. But it's not clear that he really will do anything. The
0:12:49 > 0:12:52other possibility is a more assertive foreign policy. If you go
0:12:52 > 0:12:55back to the pre-election speech he made a couple of weeks ago, it had?
0:12:55 > 0:13:01Part to it. One was economic reform and the other was showing of nuclear
0:13:01 > 0:13:05weapons and basically telling the US, we can invade any think any
0:13:05 > 0:13:10weapons that you have, and don't mess with us. You didn't listen to
0:13:10 > 0:13:13us beforehand so listen to us now.I wonder if history and his worldview
0:13:13 > 0:13:19ensures that he really does like the way that things are drifting at the
0:13:19 > 0:13:25moment, going back to a Cold War, and an era, really, where Russia and
0:13:25 > 0:13:30the Soviet bloc was all powerful. As if you think back to where he was as
0:13:30 > 0:13:34an FSB agent, everything was collapsing, there was chaos. There
0:13:34 > 0:13:37might have been more democracy, but there wasn't a strong economy.So,
0:13:37 > 0:13:42his goal has been to get the outside world to Russia as if it were the
0:13:42 > 0:13:46subject union, a great superpower, powerful, people should respect and
0:13:46 > 0:13:50fear it -- as if it were the Sobhi at union. He is well on his way to
0:13:50 > 0:13:54achieving that, despite an economy that is not reduction in well,
0:13:54 > 0:14:01crumbling infrastructure, the demographics, he has been able to
0:14:01 > 0:14:06project Russian power.In that context to what extent does
0:14:06 > 0:14:09interfere and in elections around the world, in the West in
0:14:09 > 0:14:13particular, and the spy story in the UK, costed you part of blood
0:14:13 > 0:14:17Prutton's legacy?It certainly will be part his legacy, double
0:14:17 > 0:14:23constitute blood Armia Prutton's legacy. There are a number of
0:14:23 > 0:14:26European and American groups that look favourably upon Putin, this
0:14:26 > 0:14:31will be part of his legacy. Deploying these tactics, poisoning,
0:14:31 > 0:14:35and very tough tactics which were deployed in Sobhi at times too but
0:14:35 > 0:14:41with greater intensity now.
0:14:41 > 0:14:43That was Angela Stent, speaking earlier to my colleagues
0:14:43 > 0:14:45Katty Kay and Christian Fraser.
0:14:45 > 0:14:46You're watching BBC World News America.
0:14:46 > 0:14:48Still to come on tonight's programme: Having their day
0:14:48 > 0:14:50in court, but not in jail.
0:14:50 > 0:14:52How opioid addicts are getting a new chance at this courtroom
0:14:52 > 0:15:02in Upstate New York.
0:15:02 > 0:15:04Surgeons in London have restored the sight of two patients
0:15:04 > 0:15:07with one of the most common forms of blindness.
0:15:07 > 0:15:09The team at Moorfields Eye Hospital inserted human embryonic stem cells
0:15:09 > 0:15:12in the back of the patients' eyes to treat age-related degeneration.
0:15:12 > 0:15:20Fergus Walsh reports.
0:15:20 > 0:15:22Before his pioneering stem-cell treatment,
0:15:22 > 0:15:24Douglas Waters was completely blind in his right eye.
0:15:24 > 0:15:34Now he can see.
0:15:35 > 0:15:37Everyone wanted to go outside when the...
0:15:37 > 0:15:38Rain finally stopped.
0:15:38 > 0:15:39That's perfect.
0:15:39 > 0:15:41So, this is an amazing improvement, Mr Waters.
0:15:41 > 0:15:42I just couldn't believe it.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45And each morning, I picked things out in the bedroom to look
0:15:45 > 0:15:46at, out of the garden.
0:15:46 > 0:15:47I'd do this.
0:15:47 > 0:15:48And it's unbelievable.
0:15:48 > 0:15:50I'm really chuffed, I suppose you could say!
0:15:50 > 0:15:52And so is his surgeon.
0:15:52 > 0:15:55Two patients with age-related macular degeneration had
0:15:55 > 0:15:56the sight-restoring treatment at Moorfields Eye
0:15:56 > 0:16:01Hospital, in London.
0:16:01 > 0:16:03We are able to show that we could take someone that
0:16:03 > 0:16:10could not read at all, that could not see the book
0:16:10 > 0:16:12that they were supposed to be reading from, and taken them
0:16:12 > 0:16:14to reading around 60-80 words per minute with their
0:16:15 > 0:16:16normal reading glasses.
0:16:16 > 0:16:17For us, this is a fantastic breakthrough.
0:16:17 > 0:16:19And it could help other patients with age-related
0:16:19 > 0:16:22macular degeneration, who can lose all
0:16:22 > 0:16:23their central vision.
0:16:23 > 0:16:25So what causes AMD?
0:16:25 > 0:16:28Well, if we open the eye, the macular is at the back.
0:16:28 > 0:16:32It's the part of the retina responsible for central vision.
0:16:32 > 0:16:35Now, if we pull out a section, here are the light-sensitive cells,
0:16:35 > 0:16:37the rods and cones.
0:16:37 > 0:16:39AMD is triggered when a crucial layer of support cells -
0:16:39 > 0:16:43seen here in green - die.
0:16:43 > 0:16:49As a result, patients gradually lose the ability to read
0:16:49 > 0:16:56or to recognise faces.
0:16:56 > 0:16:59Douglas, who's 86, says the stem-cell therapy has given him
0:16:59 > 0:17:01renewed independence.
0:17:01 > 0:17:05Fergus Walsh, BBC News.
0:17:18 > 0:17:20President Trump flew to New Hampshire on Monday to roll
0:17:20 > 0:17:22out his plan to address the nation's opioid crisis.
0:17:22 > 0:17:25He's calling for increased law enforcement, improved public
0:17:25 > 0:17:27awareness, and that wall with Mexico to stop the drugs
0:17:27 > 0:17:28from entering the US.
0:17:28 > 0:17:30Mr Trump also wants the stiffest of penalties
0:17:30 > 0:17:35for major drug traffickers.
0:17:35 > 0:17:41We can have all the blue ribbon committee is we don't get tough on
0:17:41 > 0:17:45the drug dealers, where wasting our time. But remember that, where
0:17:45 > 0:17:49wasting our time. And that toughness includes the death penalty.
0:17:49 > 0:17:55CHEERING AND APPLAUSE
0:17:55 > 0:17:57Well, if tougher penalties are one side of this debate,
0:17:57 > 0:18:00the other is giving treatment to those addicted to opiods.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03And in the city of Buffalo, New York, the country's first opioid
0:18:03 > 0:18:06court is providing what could be a model for the rest of America,
0:18:06 > 0:18:12as Nada Tawfik reports.
0:18:12 > 0:18:18All rise.Thank you, please be seated.This unremarkable court room
0:18:18 > 0:18:22in upstate New York might just be America's best defence against this
0:18:22 > 0:18:27badly drug crisis. The goal here in the nation's first open your court
0:18:27 > 0:18:32is basic yet ambitious, to keep people alive. When offenders who
0:18:32 > 0:18:36appear in court are addicts, the judge immediately put their case on
0:18:36 > 0:18:40hold.I'm going to release due today and I need you to report here
0:18:40 > 0:18:43tomorrow so we can go over everything about drug treatment.No
0:18:43 > 0:18:48longer viewed as criminals, they are given help and a chance to have
0:18:48 > 0:18:52their charges dropped or reduced.I think we've made a tremendous
0:18:52 > 0:18:56mistake in the 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s, which is locking people up. It
0:18:56 > 0:19:00didn't work. And we're not going to make that same mistake now, we have
0:19:00 > 0:19:06the Mussa Chamaune to show that you cannot lock up an addiction, the
0:19:06 > 0:19:09second that they walk out of jail they are going to go back to the
0:19:09 > 0:19:15substance.Participants are given treatment within hours. They agreed
0:19:15 > 0:19:21to drug test, a curfew, and daily court appearances. The judge knows
0:19:21 > 0:19:25that often this court can be the only support system that some people
0:19:25 > 0:19:29have. Having them check in daily and trying to form a personal bond is a
0:19:29 > 0:19:35way of keeping them on track.Are these good?Carly has been clean for
0:19:35 > 0:19:40two months since starting the programme. She was arrested for drug
0:19:40 > 0:19:42and session and says she has used prescription pills and heroin for
0:19:42 > 0:19:48over a decade. In one weekend alone, she was revived three times after
0:19:48 > 0:19:52overdosing. Finally she feels like herself against a pillar when you
0:19:52 > 0:19:56are in jail or on the streets, you are numberto correctional officers,
0:19:56 > 0:20:01you are a dog to drug dealers, you really don't have any value or
0:20:01 > 0:20:04self-worth, you don't have any sense of self at all. Like when somebody
0:20:04 > 0:20:08looks at you and actually cares about what are going through in your
0:20:08 > 0:20:12life, what your problems are, how can we help you, it reminds you that
0:20:12 > 0:20:16deep inside there is a person, you know, that needs and deserves love.
0:20:16 > 0:20:19Carly is trying to develop a plan for the day when she no longer has
0:20:19 > 0:20:23to check in with the court. She hopes to have a career in criminal
0:20:23 > 0:20:28justice, just like Judge Hannah, himself a recovering addict.The
0:20:28 > 0:20:31only difference between me and the individuals you saw today is one
0:20:31 > 0:20:37thing, time. Once they have us long-time clean as I have, they can
0:20:37 > 0:20:41accomplish anything like.Whilst it is too early to draw firm
0:20:41 > 0:20:45conclusions, in Buffalo they already think it is a success. The number of
0:20:45 > 0:20:48deaths has significantly decreased come and that has other cities
0:20:48 > 0:20:55taking notice.
0:20:55 > 0:20:59The US midterm elections are months away, but we already know
0:20:59 > 0:21:02that there will be more than twice as many female candidates running
0:21:02 > 0:21:03for Congress compared to 2016.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05This comes nearly a century after women fought and won
0:21:06 > 0:21:10the right to vote.
0:21:10 > 0:21:11Author Elaine Weiss' new book, The Woman's Hour, explores
0:21:11 > 0:21:13the struggle behind the ratification of the 19th Amendment,
0:21:13 > 0:21:14guaranteeing that right.
0:21:14 > 0:21:20She joined me earlier.
0:21:20 > 0:21:24Elaine, you handed this manuscript in the very day before the 2016
0:21:24 > 0:21:27election, and even though Hillary Clinton didn't win, is an jaw book
0:21:27 > 0:21:34store very timely?I think it is. It has -- isn't your book very timely.
0:21:34 > 0:21:39It is the story of how our democracy is improved and expanded and it is a
0:21:39 > 0:21:41story about women making a difference in the political spear.
0:21:41 > 0:21:46They were not handed the vote, they had to demand it and they had to
0:21:46 > 0:21:53fight for it. So, in this time, a sort of brought political time here
0:21:53 > 0:22:02in America, I think it really speaks volumes about what sort of fight for
0:22:02 > 0:22:08rights we have a historical legacy of fighting for. We need to be doing
0:22:08 > 0:22:12that again now.What I find so interesting about your book is the
0:22:12 > 0:22:17way you reveal it was actually women who were against women getting the
0:22:17 > 0:22:21vote. How intense was that confrontation?It was very intense.
0:22:21 > 0:22:28Because the right to vote was never just a political issue. It became a
0:22:28 > 0:22:32cultural issue, a social issue, for some people even a moral issue,
0:22:32 > 0:22:37about what women's role sites should be. And so the anti-suffragists, the
0:22:37 > 0:22:43women and is suffragists, thought that women being able to vote,
0:22:43 > 0:22:47entering into the political sphere, would destroy the family. They would
0:22:47 > 0:22:51tear off their aprons and run out and want to go to work and do also
0:22:51 > 0:22:56the things that were not considered proper. And so there's great passion
0:22:56 > 0:23:02on both sides, because it's almost like what we call the cultural wars
0:23:02 > 0:23:04now, it's much more complicated than just a political decision.
0:23:04 > 0:23:09Fascinating. You detail in the book how the battle for women to get the
0:23:09 > 0:23:14vote came all the way down to one young male lawmaker in the state of
0:23:14 > 0:23:19Tennessee. How did his mother influence his pivotal vote?Well,
0:23:19 > 0:23:23his mother, Mrs Harry Burn, he's 24 years old, the youngest legislator
0:23:23 > 0:23:29in Tennessee, in his freshman term -- this is Harry Burn. His mother is
0:23:29 > 0:23:34a very well read woman, she lives on a small farmhouse, but she urges,
0:23:34 > 0:23:39she writes a letter to him and says, I want you to stand up and support
0:23:39 > 0:23:45women. It is only right, it is only justice. He has that letter in his
0:23:45 > 0:23:49pocket and he changes his vote.He does the right thing! In Britain,
0:23:49 > 0:23:54the women who fought for the folk are household names -- who fought
0:23:54 > 0:23:58for the vote are household names like Emmeline Pankhurst. Why is that
0:23:58 > 0:24:02not the case in the United States with these women?Fadli to say, it
0:24:02 > 0:24:07is not. We know some of the pioneers -- sadly to say. It is usually about
0:24:07 > 0:24:11as wide as our knowledge extends. What I wanted to do in this book is
0:24:11 > 0:24:16to talk about the second and third generation suffragists who brought
0:24:16 > 0:24:22the ball over the finish line and won the vote for American women. It
0:24:22 > 0:24:25took seven decades here, seven decades of ceaseless work, and these
0:24:25 > 0:24:29are the women who finally carried it through. And I hope they will become
0:24:29 > 0:24:36household names. And to put some monuments up to them to honour them
0:24:36 > 0:24:41in other ways, as we approach the centennial of American women getting
0:24:41 > 0:24:45the vote in 2020.Elaine, thank you so much for joining us.My pleasure.
0:24:45 > 0:24:49A long fight for women's equality.
0:24:49 > 0:24:55Remember, you can find more on all the days news at our website.
0:24:55 > 0:24:58Plus, to see what we're working on at any time, make sure to check
0:24:58 > 0:24:59out our Facebook page.
0:24:59 > 0:25:00I'm Laura Trevellyan.
0:25:00 > 0:25:04Thank you for watching World News America.