0:00:07 > 0:00:09You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:00:09 > 0:00:10There will now be more police
0:00:10 > 0:00:12on the streets of New York after the worst terror
0:00:13 > 0:00:17attack there since 9/11.
0:00:17 > 0:00:19We're learning more about the suspect who killed eight
0:00:19 > 0:00:21people by driving a truck along a bike lane.
0:00:21 > 0:00:24Authorities say Sayfullo Saipov from Uzbekistan, was radicalised
0:00:24 > 0:00:26in the US and had been planning this attack for weeks in
0:00:27 > 0:00:30the name of Islamic State.
0:00:30 > 0:00:33But the city that never sleeps won't be stopped -
0:00:33 > 0:00:35the famous Halloween parade went ahead as planned and families
0:00:36 > 0:00:40turned out en masse.
0:00:40 > 0:00:44American politics is less united - President Trump swiftly attacked
0:00:44 > 0:00:48Democrats blaming them for failing to keep dangerous immigrants out.
0:00:48 > 0:00:53What we have right now is a joke.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56It's a laughing stock and no wonder that so much
0:00:56 > 0:01:04of this stuff takes place.
0:01:04 > 0:01:05Also on the programme...
0:01:05 > 0:01:14Our special series on the Russian revolution continues.
0:01:14 > 0:01:19It took 16 years but eventually deep in the forest discovery was made.
0:01:19 > 0:01:25Found here what were believed to be the remains of Emperor Nicholas II
0:01:25 > 0:01:36and his family.
0:01:38 > 0:01:40The word of the year?
0:01:40 > 0:01:43A hint - it has something to do with the man on your screen.
0:01:43 > 0:01:45Get in touch with us using the hashtag...
0:01:45 > 0:01:46'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'.
0:01:46 > 0:01:48Hello and welcome - I'm Katty Kay in Washington
0:01:48 > 0:01:50and Christian Fraser is in London.
0:01:50 > 0:01:53From today there will be more security on the streets of New York
0:01:53 > 0:01:55but the city will not stop - that's the message from
0:01:55 > 0:01:58the governor, the mayor and the head of the police.
0:01:58 > 0:02:00The famous marathon will go ahead this weekend and New Yorkers
0:02:00 > 0:02:08got their candy fix at the Halloween parade last night.
0:02:08 > 0:02:11As investigators look for clue as to the motivation Manhattan is
0:02:11 > 0:02:13determined to show resilience.
0:02:13 > 0:02:15President Trump says this is a reminder that America's
0:02:15 > 0:02:18immigration system is too lax and the justice system too slow.
0:02:18 > 0:02:20Nick Bryant has the latest from New York.
0:02:20 > 0:02:25This is a scene that New Yorkers have dreaded for years,
0:02:25 > 0:02:28one that brings back the trauma of 9/11, one that shows how
0:02:28 > 0:02:38this city is vulnerable to new forms of terror.
0:02:38 > 0:02:40A rented pick-up truck that became weaponised.
0:02:40 > 0:02:42A mode of attack that is common in Europe.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45Now it has been used to deadly effect on American soil,
0:02:45 > 0:02:47and just yards from Ground Zero, the site of the
0:02:47 > 0:02:48September 11 attacks.
0:02:48 > 0:02:51The antenna on the New World Trade Ccenter bathed in red,
0:02:51 > 0:02:55white and blue, to honour the eight people killed.
0:02:55 > 0:02:58This is the suspected attacker, Sayfullo Saipov, a 29-year-old
0:02:58 > 0:03:01who reportedly shouted "Allahu Akbar", "God is great",
0:03:01 > 0:03:03as he left his truck.
0:03:03 > 0:03:06He was brandishing fake weapons, and was shot by the police
0:03:06 > 0:03:08and taken into custody.
0:03:08 > 0:03:10Moments earlier, he had driven at high speed
0:03:10 > 0:03:14along a riverside bypass, targeting cyclists and pedestrians.
0:03:14 > 0:03:18This was an attack on the United States
0:03:18 > 0:03:22and an attack on New York City, an attack on our people, and it was
0:03:22 > 0:03:23the definition of terrorism.
0:03:23 > 0:03:28An effort to take away people's hope and spirit,
0:03:28 > 0:03:31and to make them change, and what New Yorkers showed already
0:03:31 > 0:03:34is we will not change.
0:03:34 > 0:03:38Saipov is an Uzbek immigrant who came to the United States in 2010.
0:03:38 > 0:03:40He is believed to have been radicalised in America,
0:03:40 > 0:03:43and told the police he was very pleased with the success
0:03:43 > 0:03:46of the attack.
0:03:46 > 0:03:49One of the early clues investigators found at the scene were hand-written
0:03:49 > 0:03:52notes in Arabic pledging allegiance to the group calling
0:03:52 > 0:03:55itself Islamic State.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59But there is no evidence yet of a direct link to that group.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01You got kids in there?
0:04:01 > 0:04:03Hold on.
0:04:03 > 0:04:06His attack came to an end when he crashed into a school bus.
0:04:06 > 0:04:07Oh my God.
0:04:07 > 0:04:09Oh my God.
0:04:09 > 0:04:10OK.
0:04:10 > 0:04:14I need an ambulance right here.
0:04:14 > 0:04:16That was an accident, the suspect has reportedly told investigators,
0:04:16 > 0:04:22because he wanted to continue down the road.
0:04:22 > 0:04:23Police found knives in his vehicle.
0:04:23 > 0:04:24Oh my God.
0:04:24 > 0:04:27Based on the investigation overnight it appears that Mr Saipov had been
0:04:27 > 0:04:29planning this for a number of weeks.
0:04:29 > 0:04:34He did this in the name of ISIS, and along with the other items,
0:04:34 > 0:04:36recovered at the scene, was some notes that
0:04:36 > 0:04:41further indicate that.
0:04:41 > 0:04:44He appears to have followed, almost exactly to a T,
0:04:44 > 0:04:50the instructions that ISIS has put out in its social media channels
0:04:50 > 0:04:52before, with instructions to their followers on how to carry
0:04:52 > 0:04:56out such an attack.
0:04:56 > 0:04:59Among those killed, five friends from Argentina.
0:04:59 > 0:05:01Men in their late 40s, in New York to celebrate
0:05:01 > 0:05:06the 30th anniversary of their graduation from college.
0:05:06 > 0:05:11Two Americans and a Belgian were victims.
0:05:11 > 0:05:13President Trump has demanded tough justice and tighter
0:05:13 > 0:05:15immigration measures.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19We need quick justice and we need strong justice.
0:05:19 > 0:05:24Much quicker and much stronger than we have right now.
0:05:24 > 0:05:28Because what we have right now is a joke,
0:05:28 > 0:05:34and it is a laughing stock, and no wonder so much
0:05:34 > 0:05:38of this stuff takes place.
0:05:38 > 0:05:41In his home town, this tower was erected in defiance of terror,
0:05:41 > 0:05:45a symbol of a resurgent city that refused after 9/11 to be cowed,
0:05:45 > 0:05:48and at the ground level this morning that spirit was very
0:05:48 > 0:05:49much in evidence.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52Joggers following their normal routes.
0:05:52 > 0:05:55Even a cyclist berating a pedestrian for getting in her way,
0:05:55 > 0:06:00a scene that speaks of New York.
0:06:00 > 0:06:02The city has experienced much worse dawns than this,
0:06:02 > 0:06:05and waking up to the threat of terror has become
0:06:05 > 0:06:06part of daily life.
0:06:06 > 0:06:15Nick Bryant, BBC News, Manhattan.
0:06:15 > 0:06:19The main suspect in this attack - Sayfullo Saipov - came to the US
0:06:19 > 0:06:21through the green card lottery system, which grants permanent US
0:06:21 > 0:06:23residency to around 50,000 immigrants every year.
0:06:23 > 0:06:26Today Mr Trump called for that system to be scrapped -
0:06:26 > 0:06:28and seems to be at least partly blaming the democratic New York
0:06:28 > 0:06:29senator Chuck Schumer.
0:06:29 > 0:06:32He tweeted...
0:06:32 > 0:06:37"The terrorist came into our country through what is called
0:06:37 > 0:06:39the Diversity Visa Lottery Program, a Chuck Schumer beauty.
0:06:39 > 0:06:43I want merit based."
0:06:43 > 0:06:46Well, here's what Mr Schumer has had to say in response
0:06:46 > 0:06:53to the president today.
0:06:53 > 0:06:56The president should stop tweeting and start living, the American
0:06:56 > 0:07:02people long thought leadership, not devices and finger-pointing or
0:07:02 > 0:07:05name-calling. This is a tragedy, less than a day after it occurred
0:07:05 > 0:07:11and he cannot refrain from his nasty divisive habits. He ought to lead
0:07:11 > 0:07:16and the best way to do that is to increase anti-terrorism funding.
0:07:16 > 0:07:18And joining us now from Capitol Hill is the Democratic Congressman
0:07:18 > 0:07:23for New York City, Gregory Meeks.
0:07:23 > 0:07:30Do you think the justice system in America is a joke at punishing
0:07:30 > 0:07:33terrorists?I absolutely do not think it is a joke. I do not
0:07:33 > 0:07:37understand the president making these statements but he made what
0:07:37 > 0:07:43the tweet he made which is trying to divide people rather than bring us
0:07:43 > 0:07:50together. So I disagree with the president 100%.Well today Mr
0:07:50 > 0:07:56Schumer made comments to the proposed cut in the budget of New
0:07:56 > 0:08:05York City policing, can you talk to us about that?Well we would hope,
0:08:05 > 0:08:09and would have thought coming from New York President Trump would
0:08:09 > 0:08:13understand the importance of terrorist funding and the great job
0:08:13 > 0:08:17that our law-enforcement dials on a continued basis to prevent the kind
0:08:17 > 0:08:23of attacks that took place yesterday. And I applaud the
0:08:23 > 0:08:30activities and responsiveness of our law-enforcement officers. The ever
0:08:30 > 0:08:34present has been talking about cutting some of the terrorist
0:08:34 > 0:08:38funding that we see. -- the president has been talking about it.
0:08:38 > 0:08:42That will be counter productive to preventing these kind of acts from
0:08:42 > 0:08:48taking place. So I'm puzzled at times by the kind of tweeting that
0:08:48 > 0:08:54the president utilises as I'm sure that others are puzzled. It is not
0:08:54 > 0:09:01the values that I think we have here.It is amazing and a tribute to
0:09:01 > 0:09:04New York City that this is the biggest attack, it is terrible but
0:09:04 > 0:09:11the biggest attack in the city since September the 11th in 2001. What is
0:09:11 > 0:09:14New York doing that perhaps other cities could look at that has
0:09:14 > 0:09:19managed to keep a record so low, it has been until now, this has been a
0:09:19 > 0:09:23kind of remarkable tribute to your police forces.It is still a
0:09:23 > 0:09:26remarkable tribute to the police forces. Understanding and learning
0:09:26 > 0:09:31from what took place in September the 11th, communicating with one
0:09:31 > 0:09:36another, making sure there are intelligence sharing taking place
0:09:36 > 0:09:43and working with law enforcement agencies weather here domestically
0:09:43 > 0:09:47or even internationally because when we look at what you're doing in the
0:09:47 > 0:09:52UK, some of our other allies in Europe, it is sharing of information
0:09:52 > 0:09:56and moving back and forward that can make all of us safer. I'm concerned
0:09:56 > 0:10:02when there is a terrorist attack in New York City or in the UK or France
0:10:02 > 0:10:06or anyplace else, we are in this together and we need to make sure
0:10:06 > 0:10:09our values are those that stand up. That is how we will defeat the
0:10:09 > 0:10:14terrorists, collectively together and that is what New York City law
0:10:14 > 0:10:17enforcement is doing, working collectively together and we must
0:10:17 > 0:10:22continue to do that. The more we show that in spite of the individual
0:10:22 > 0:10:26that sneaks through, that they're not going to divide us, we're going
0:10:26 > 0:10:30to get stronger together. The United States, the UK and our allies, that
0:10:30 > 0:10:36is how we defeat Islamic State and stop terrorism.We heard
0:10:36 > 0:10:39law-enforcement officials saying there will now be more police on the
0:10:39 > 0:10:41streets of New York ahead of the marathon of course this weekend. Is
0:10:41 > 0:10:48that largely just to make the public feel safe, do you think?Know I
0:10:48 > 0:10:52think there would have been a large contingency just as you have
0:10:52 > 0:10:58indicated in the past, we have been successful since September the 11th
0:10:58 > 0:11:02and there will be policed their bet you do not know either. I think it
0:11:02 > 0:11:06is a great job that the police department are doing. They know how
0:11:06 > 0:11:12to do it better than most. And it is a collaborative effort. So just as
0:11:12 > 0:11:16you saw last night, right after the event, the Halloween Parade
0:11:16 > 0:11:21continued. Children were going to school in the area this morning,
0:11:21 > 0:11:26people riding bikes again. We will not allow terrorism to change our
0:11:26 > 0:11:32values and the way that we live. Thank you very much.
0:11:32 > 0:11:35Joining me now is our political analyst Ron Christie who served
0:11:35 > 0:11:36as an advisor to president George W.
0:11:36 > 0:11:41Bush.
0:11:41 > 0:11:44You have an apartment in New York and you have lived there for a long
0:11:44 > 0:11:48time. You know the area well and you know the city well. Are you
0:11:48 > 0:11:52impressed with the way New York is responding? It seems to be a marked
0:11:52 > 0:11:56difference to the response to this and that some previous attacks with
0:11:56 > 0:12:01the city much more resilient.Yes, this is just blocks away from where
0:12:01 > 0:12:06my apartment is and this is a bicycle path that will walk on every
0:12:06 > 0:12:11weekend. So not some abstract notion of a terrorist attack in New York
0:12:11 > 0:12:16City, that is the neighbourhood where everyone goes to run, to
0:12:16 > 0:12:19cycle, just to enjoy themselves with beautiful scenery. What struck me is
0:12:19 > 0:12:25the fact that this morning we had people back out there, they are
0:12:25 > 0:12:29resilient, running, cycling, and refusing to back down in the face of
0:12:29 > 0:12:34this horrific terrorist attack.They are New Yorkers and will not be
0:12:34 > 0:12:39cowed. Something else that you deal with all the time is the political
0:12:39 > 0:12:45response to this, coming from the president. Coming back to September
0:12:45 > 0:12:52the 11th, and George W Bush standing on the rubble of those buildings.I
0:12:52 > 0:13:08can hear you! I can hear you and the rest of the world hears you. And the
0:13:08 > 0:13:16people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon.We
0:13:16 > 0:13:21have now had terror attacks in the US under President Bush, president
0:13:21 > 0:13:26Obama and President Trump. The response from President Trump seemed
0:13:26 > 0:13:30to be markedly different than the response from the previous two
0:13:30 > 0:13:33presidents?I think so and especially looking at the clip that
0:13:33 > 0:13:38we just all, it is one of the most iconic moments of the 21st century,
0:13:38 > 0:13:43the president rallying Democrats, Republicans, independents.
0:13:43 > 0:13:48Americans. To stand shoulder to shoulder. And some of the rhetoric
0:13:48 > 0:13:52we have from President Trump this morning about how the Democrats need
0:13:52 > 0:13:55to stop obstruction, it is not about the Democrats today but about the
0:13:55 > 0:14:00country and finding a way to heal and to move on and making sure as
0:14:00 > 0:14:06congressmen mixed told us a few minutes ago, the real enforcement
0:14:06 > 0:14:08officials have all the resources necessary to prevent another
0:14:08 > 0:14:13horrific event that we had yesterday.I looked at the lottery
0:14:13 > 0:14:17system today that he is talking about and when you look at figures
0:14:17 > 0:14:22for 2015 there are some interesting numbers. Bear in mind over 9 million
0:14:22 > 0:14:27people worldwide entered the lottery and every year 50,000 get a green
0:14:27 > 0:14:31card from that number. Looking at the seven countries now on the
0:14:31 > 0:14:37banned list, they count for 8658 immigrants who got a green card. If
0:14:37 > 0:14:42you put was Pakistan to that you get just over 13,000 people who came
0:14:42 > 0:14:46through the system in 2015. That is around a quarter coming from
0:14:46 > 0:14:50countries that the United States is concerned about. So maybe he has a
0:14:50 > 0:14:56point question mark he has a point, and this is what I believe, I
0:14:56 > 0:15:00believe that anyone coming to this country, it is not a right to come
0:15:00 > 0:15:04here but a privilege for top and it should not just be a lottery system
0:15:04 > 0:15:09based on diversity.This was a programme that the president has
0:15:09 > 0:15:14criticised, he criticised Mr Schumer for this. It was designed by the
0:15:14 > 0:15:18Senator for Massachusetts Ted Kennedy when he was in the Senate
0:15:18 > 0:15:22and he was seeking to get more immigrants in from Ireland into the
0:15:22 > 0:15:26United States when the programme was first initiated. So I do believe
0:15:26 > 0:15:30that we must have robust immigration in the United States but I do not
0:15:30 > 0:15:35believe in a system where you put your name on a list, submitted and
0:15:35 > 0:15:38do not have any vetting or other mechanisms to determine whether or
0:15:38 > 0:15:46not you're coming here for good put up those days I believe are over.
0:15:46 > 0:15:49America of course is not the only country to have a lottery system,
0:15:49 > 0:15:53several other Western nations also have them as well.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56And for more on the suspect and his potential ties to Islamic State -
0:15:56 > 0:15:59a short while ago we were joined by the former CIA counterterrorism
0:15:59 > 0:16:03analyst, Aki Peritz.
0:16:03 > 0:16:07This man was living here legally, radicalised it would seem while
0:16:07 > 0:16:11living in the US. Code intelligence have done anything to stop the
0:16:11 > 0:16:15attack?We know he had some kind of run-in with local law enforcement.
0:16:15 > 0:16:20But according to what we know so far he had almost no relationship to
0:16:20 > 0:16:23terrorist organisations. He might have been looking at propaganda
0:16:23 > 0:16:27online but that is not illegal. It is difficult to stop a lone wolf
0:16:27 > 0:16:32attack if that is what this is. From actually happening until it actually
0:16:32 > 0:16:39happens. This person was taken alive and that is quite interesting
0:16:39 > 0:16:41because normally Islamic State likes its killers to be killed in the
0:16:41 > 0:16:44attack and we will get a lot of good intelligence from this individual if
0:16:44 > 0:16:49he is willing to talk to federal authorities.There's a huge
0:16:49 > 0:16:52investigation on this attack but realistically can we say we can
0:16:52 > 0:16:57prevent all future lone attacks like this?Unfortunately it is difficult
0:16:57 > 0:17:03to stop these high impact low attacks especially the individual is
0:17:03 > 0:17:09willing to die in the process. So renting a vehicle, smashing into
0:17:09 > 0:17:13pedestrians, is something unfortunately that is easy to
0:17:13 > 0:17:18happen. And very difficult to stop. So unfortunately our Western
0:17:18 > 0:17:23societies will have to get used to set level of terrorist mayhem in
0:17:23 > 0:17:25order to be resilient to these things in the broader scheme of
0:17:25 > 0:17:30things.Many of the attacks in Europe have been confidently
0:17:30 > 0:17:34identified as lone wolf attacks and then they turn out to be nothing of
0:17:34 > 0:17:37the sort. Very often there is something in the background where
0:17:37 > 0:17:41either they are talking to people who share the same ideology or in
0:17:41 > 0:17:45cahoots with the group overseas. It is likely there will be something in
0:17:45 > 0:17:51the background of this man?The chances are he had something, some
0:17:51 > 0:17:54kind of relationship to some organisation or individual and this
0:17:54 > 0:18:07is what the investigation is going to try to determine.
0:18:17 > 0:18:20One issue is how did one become radicalised online, everyone is
0:18:20 > 0:18:22online, and we've all seen terrible propaganda.So how to get this
0:18:22 > 0:18:25individual who might have seen this document first place to get to the
0:18:25 > 0:18:27next level to commit an attack is something the investigators will try
0:18:27 > 0:18:30to unravel in the coming days and weeks. And when Donald Trump talks
0:18:30 > 0:18:31about tighter regulations on immigration, a merit-based system,
0:18:31 > 0:18:34do you think it would do anything to stop people like this?Remember 100
0:18:34 > 0:18:37of the 144 or so individuals who have some kind of, who have been
0:18:37 > 0:18:39charged with something Islamic State related, overwhelmingly these are US
0:18:39 > 0:18:41citizens or permanent residents and so tightening up the fact that you
0:18:41 > 0:18:45might tighten up on the various countries as he talks about at great
0:18:45 > 0:18:50length is not going to stop an attack by a US citizen or permanent
0:18:50 > 0:18:53resident and that is the best majority of these attacks.Thank you
0:18:53 > 0:18:57very much.
0:18:57 > 0:19:04Looking at this from in Europe, the president has weighed in with policy
0:19:04 > 0:19:09in a way that he did not weigh in after the attack in Las Vegas.Yes
0:19:09 > 0:19:15it has been picked on over here as well, it is noticeable, people
0:19:15 > 0:19:19compared his response and the response clearly from the White
0:19:19 > 0:19:22House after the Las Vegas attack when people raised the issue of gun
0:19:22 > 0:19:25control, the White House firmly saying that now is not the time to
0:19:25 > 0:19:30talk about policy issues like that. But straightaway within hours of
0:19:30 > 0:19:35this attack in New York you had the president talking about policy
0:19:35 > 0:19:40issues, around immigration and the merit-based lottery system. The
0:19:40 > 0:19:44random lottery system. So there is a disconnect there, it has been
0:19:44 > 0:19:48noticed over here and of course it is political, the president to some
0:19:48 > 0:19:53extent is playing to his base. By talking about immigration and being
0:19:53 > 0:19:57tough on immigration, that is what his base wants to hear right now.
0:19:57 > 0:20:02You made an important point, you must put this into perspective
0:20:02 > 0:20:06comparing it to how many attacks we have had recently in Europe, New
0:20:06 > 0:20:11York has come.Amazing that there has not been a much bigger one since
0:20:11 > 0:20:14September the 11th. It is an impressive record.
0:20:14 > 0:20:16American senators are not happy with social media.
0:20:16 > 0:20:18Facebook, twitter and google got a round ticking off today
0:20:18 > 0:20:21at a Senate hearing for failing to do enough to stop Russia
0:20:21 > 0:20:22from meddling in US elections.
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Ahead of these hearings Facebook revealed that many more
0:20:25 > 0:20:28Americans than previously disclosed had seen Russian ads in the run
0:20:28 > 0:20:29up to the 2016 vote.
0:20:29 > 0:20:31The social media giants insist they do take the threat
0:20:31 > 0:20:35seriously and will do more to regulate themselves.
0:20:35 > 0:20:42Democratic Senator Diane Feinstein clearly wasn't buying it.
0:20:42 > 0:20:49I must say I do not think you get it. I think the fact that your
0:20:49 > 0:20:55general councils, you defend your company, that what we're about is a
0:20:55 > 0:20:58cataclysmic change, what we're talking about is the beginning of
0:20:58 > 0:21:00cyber warfare.
0:21:00 > 0:21:03Joining us now is Laura Rosenberger, Director of the Alliance
0:21:03 > 0:21:06for Securing Democracy.
0:21:06 > 0:21:11Thank you for coming in. Do you think that Facebook, Twitter and
0:21:11 > 0:21:16Google could be doing more than they are doing to protect Americans from
0:21:16 > 0:21:19foreign interference in their elections question were absolutely,
0:21:19 > 0:21:23as we here in these hearings, this is an enormous problem, these
0:21:23 > 0:21:27companies are still trying to get their arms around it.We are all
0:21:27 > 0:21:32still trying to get our arms around. Russia basically has taken this
0:21:32 > 0:21:37technology and exploited it to turn it against us. And really attack the
0:21:37 > 0:21:42core of our democratic institutions. That is a huge deal, it is a
0:21:42 > 0:21:45sophisticated effort, it is multifaceted and it is going to take
0:21:45 > 0:21:50an enormous amount of work to get on top of and eventually ahead.
0:21:50 > 0:21:54Conflict of interest for these companies, they business models
0:21:54 > 0:21:57which depend on things being distributed by rally which is
0:21:57 > 0:22:01exactly what happened with these Russian ads and the lucrative income
0:22:01 > 0:22:07from advertising.Yes and these companies I think are wrestling with
0:22:07 > 0:22:12where they need to come down at the end of the day.Either wrestling or
0:22:12 > 0:22:17trying to do as little as possible to keep lawmakers happy?It is hard
0:22:17 > 0:22:21to give an across-the-board answer. We have seen different steps by
0:22:21 > 0:22:24different companies, I think they're all are having internal
0:22:24 > 0:22:28conversations about the issues. But the bottom line is the bottom line
0:22:28 > 0:22:31and yes there are wrestling with this question of their business
0:22:31 > 0:22:35model. And if that comes into conflict with the model that is
0:22:35 > 0:22:39actually what is going to be allowing their platforms to do what
0:22:39 > 0:22:43they were intended to do which was to be a democratising force and
0:22:43 > 0:22:47provide greater open access to information and what we're seeing is
0:22:47 > 0:22:53that is being turned on its head. The bottom line is the bottom line,
0:22:53 > 0:22:57I love that.Well what I heard today from the hearing, with talk about
0:22:57 > 0:23:02this sometimes in the past tense but it is going on today. I know that
0:23:02 > 0:23:06your organisation tracks some of these spurious Twitter accounts for
0:23:06 > 0:23:12the tellers about your website, what is it actually doing?That is
0:23:12 > 0:23:16exactly right, these efforts are continuing and today they will
0:23:16 > 0:23:19continue into the future. They're happening not just here in the US
0:23:19 > 0:23:23but across Europe and elsewhere. It is an important effort for us to get
0:23:23 > 0:23:31on top. Our website Hamilton 68 is a dashboard that tracks a sampling of
0:23:31 > 0:23:35600 Kremlin or enters Twitter accounts that basically pushing up
0:23:35 > 0:23:38the messaging that the Kremlin wants Americans to be talking about. And
0:23:38 > 0:23:43what we largely a thing is that they want Americans to be talking about
0:23:43 > 0:23:48divisive issues, they want us to be arguing with one another, they want
0:23:48 > 0:23:54to be telling us against each other. And they play to a lot of racial
0:23:54 > 0:24:00issues, societal divisions, religious issues. We also see a lot
0:24:00 > 0:24:06of classic deflection tactics basically trying to make everything
0:24:06 > 0:24:09relative as if there is no truth. So when you have stories in the media
0:24:09 > 0:24:14that they do not want people to pay attention to, they throw up
0:24:14 > 0:24:18deflectors and basically attract people to an alternative story.
0:24:18 > 0:24:25Thank you for joining us. One of the things the social media giants were
0:24:25 > 0:24:29asked today by senators was you have all this data, you can tell who was
0:24:29 > 0:24:34paying for these ads in rubles. And they said even if we clamp down on
0:24:34 > 0:24:37that this is a globalised economy and they could just switch
0:24:37 > 0:24:41currencies. It is complicated for them but there is a clear feeling
0:24:41 > 0:24:46among senators that they could be doing more.The message from
0:24:46 > 0:24:50Facebook had changed as we said yesterday and the numbers as well,
0:24:50 > 0:24:54honey people have access to some of these tweets. I think a rude
0:24:54 > 0:24:58awakening for all three companies in the past few months. And also
0:24:58 > 0:25:02showing when you talk about 126 million people getting access to
0:25:02 > 0:25:06some of this stuff, just how successful this Russian operation
0:25:06 > 0:25:08has been. It looks ever more successful.
0:25:08 > 0:25:11This is Beyond 100 Days from the BBC.
0:25:11 > 0:25:18Coming up for viewers on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News -
0:25:18 > 0:25:21we've more on the Manhattan attack suspect - and report from Tampa,
0:25:21 > 0:25:23Florida, where he's said to have lived before heading
0:25:23 > 0:25:25to New Jersey and New York.
0:25:25 > 0:25:28And we'll be asking if there's a more regular role for the military
0:25:28 > 0:25:31to play in helping to keep our streets and cities safe?
0:25:31 > 0:25:33We'll be getting the thoughts of the former head
0:25:33 > 0:25:37of the British Army - General Sir Mike Jackson.
0:25:37 > 0:25:47That's still to come.
0:26:10 > 0:26:14The first day of November was mild but over the next few days things
0:26:14 > 0:26:18turn cooler. We had rain today in Scotland and this is all but is left
0:26:18 > 0:26:24of it this evening. Just a bit of rain or drizzle moving south. I
0:26:24 > 0:26:28decided that some clearer skies and turning quite chilly especially in
0:26:28 > 0:26:34the countryside. To the south of that we may get some fog. Some fog
0:26:34 > 0:26:38possible through the central Bank of Scotland. But it should not last for
0:26:38 > 0:26:48long. -- bank. Showers retreating back into the North Sea. This is the
0:26:48 > 0:26:52main band of cloud north of London into south Wales. But south of that
0:26:52 > 0:26:57watch out for some fog in the rush hour for the morning. It could be
0:26:57 > 0:27:03quite dense in places. It should clear away by late morning. The band
0:27:03 > 0:27:05of Cloud pretty much stuck in the same kind of place throughout the
0:27:05 > 0:27:12day. I decide we get some sunshine. Suffer many parts of the UK a lovely
0:27:12 > 0:27:17day. Cold across many northern areas. The cloud is on the week
0:27:17 > 0:27:23weather front and that tends to pull away. Things coming down again
0:27:23 > 0:27:27moving into Friday. We're waiting on this weather front to push into the
0:27:27 > 0:27:31North West, a of low pressure that could come into play by the weekend.
0:27:31 > 0:27:36Otherwise a little dry weather, some sunshine at times but fair amount of
0:27:36 > 0:27:38Cloud developing through the day and some showers breaking out around
0:27:38 > 0:27:43some of the Irish Sea coast. Most of the rainfall in the north-west
0:27:43 > 0:27:50north-west of Scotland. But somewhat whether developing into the evening
0:27:50 > 0:27:57and overnight. The weather systems combining and moving east across
0:27:57 > 0:28:01England and Wales. A bit slow to clear away and then north westerly
0:28:01 > 0:28:09winds dragging in some colder air. We have some rain in the morning
0:28:09 > 0:28:11across central and eastern England which will take some time to clear
0:28:11 > 0:28:18away. Otherwise sunshine and some showers coming down in the brisk
0:28:18 > 0:28:21north westerly wind. Probably fewer showers for the second at the
0:28:21 > 0:28:26weekend. Pressure starting to build a little and many places dry with a
0:28:26 > 0:28:30bit more sunshine. Temperatures eight, 211 Celsius.
0:30:10 > 0:30:13This is Beyond 100 Days, with me Katty Kay in Washington -
0:30:13 > 0:30:14Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:14 > 0:30:17Police in New York say the man who used a truck to kill eight
0:30:17 > 0:30:20people had been planning it for weeks in the name
0:30:20 > 0:30:21of so-called Islamic State.
0:30:21 > 0:30:23Sayfullo Saipov had been living in America for seven years
0:30:23 > 0:30:27and wasn't known to the authorities.
0:30:27 > 0:30:29President Trump calls immigration controls a joke.
0:30:29 > 0:30:39One senior Democrat gave us his response.
0:30:39 > 0:30:40I don't understand
0:30:40 > 0:30:42I don't understand the president picking the statements that he made,
0:30:42 > 0:30:47which tends to try to divide people as opposed to bring us together.
0:30:47 > 0:30:49Brutalised by the Bolsheviks, revered by modern Russians -
0:30:49 > 0:30:52we remember the last Tsar as our special series
0:30:52 > 0:30:54on the revolution continues.
0:30:54 > 0:30:59How has Donald Trump influenced our everyday vocabulary?
0:30:59 > 0:31:01We'll finding out as one dictionary releases its word,
0:31:01 > 0:31:04or words, of the year.
0:31:04 > 0:31:13Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag #Beyond100Days.
0:31:23 > 0:31:27Breaking news in the last few minutes, we are being told that the
0:31:27 > 0:31:31Defence Secretary has resigned, following allegations of past
0:31:31 > 0:31:35behaviour. You made snow that has named did appear on the list that
0:31:35 > 0:31:40has been circulated, circulated on Twitter but it became public
0:31:40 > 0:31:45knowledge that he was on this list and of course he has been under
0:31:45 > 0:31:48pressure in recent days. We understand that in the last few
0:31:48 > 0:31:53minutes, it has been announced that Sir Michael Fallon has resigned from
0:31:53 > 0:31:59his position. What does speak to Alex Forsyth, at Westminster.
0:31:59 > 0:32:04This is very much breaking news, in the last few minutes, that the
0:32:04 > 0:32:07Defence Secretary, Sir Michael Fallon has resigned from his
0:32:07 > 0:32:12position in the government. We know it is in regards to allegations of
0:32:12 > 0:32:18past behaviour. The allegations in question, but we know, some 15 years
0:32:18 > 0:32:22ago that he repeatedly punched and journalists need dinner at the
0:32:22 > 0:32:26Conservative Party conference. The journalist in question said she
0:32:26 > 0:32:30found the incident amusing, she didn't take offence by it and that
0:32:30 > 0:32:34Sir Michael Fallon had apologised at the time. Now we have this statement
0:32:34 > 0:32:39saying he is leaving his position, as Defence Secretary, which he has
0:32:39 > 0:32:46held since 2014, and we know is that it is to do with allegations of BV.
0:32:46 > 0:32:51Very quickly, Alex, two senior people close to the Prime Minister,
0:32:51 > 0:32:55Sir Michael Fallon and the Damian Green, both in the headlines today.
0:32:55 > 0:33:01Do we know anything about him? He is the de facto Prime Minister in the
0:33:01 > 0:33:09UK, a close ally to Theresa May. He has been referred for an
0:33:09 > 0:33:12investigation, again allegations that he fully truly touched
0:33:12 > 0:33:16someone's knee and said a text message asking somebody out for a
0:33:16 > 0:33:21drink. He said that any allegations that amounted to misconduct of any
0:33:21 > 0:33:26sexual nature false and an true but nonetheless he was referred for an
0:33:26 > 0:33:31investigation over that. We have had these allegations swirling around
0:33:31 > 0:33:35Westminster in recent days and some were wondering what the consequences
0:33:35 > 0:33:39would be. At the moment, as far as far as we are aware, Damian Green
0:33:39 > 0:33:42has been referred for investigation and Sir Michael Fallon has chosen to
0:33:42 > 0:33:44resign his position in the government.
0:33:44 > 0:33:46Here's what we know so far about the suspect
0:33:46 > 0:33:47in the New York attacks.
0:33:47 > 0:33:50He moved to the US in 2010 from his native Uzbekistan.
0:33:50 > 0:33:51He's married with three children.
0:33:51 > 0:33:53He worked as an Uber driver and passed the company's
0:33:53 > 0:33:54background checks.
0:33:54 > 0:33:58He has a string of traffic offences but nothing more than that.
0:33:58 > 0:34:03Since being in the US he's lived in New Jersey,
0:34:03 > 0:34:08Ohio and in Tampa, Florida.
0:34:08 > 0:34:10It's from Tampa that Rajini Vaidyanathan has this report
0:34:10 > 0:34:20on his time in America.
0:34:25 > 0:34:30A man said to have noticed -- remorse. Police said he became
0:34:30 > 0:34:34radicalised in America. He arrived here from Uzbekistan on a green card
0:34:34 > 0:34:40or today in 2010. He settled in all Heil, where she got married. One
0:34:40 > 0:34:43mind the new Deer said he was exposed to extremist ideology
0:34:43 > 0:34:53online.
0:34:58 > 0:35:00He always looked as a liberal Muslim, something
0:35:00 > 0:35:01like that, you know.
0:35:01 > 0:35:04He always like, saying, you know, you're doing not right this one,
0:35:04 > 0:35:05doing this one like Islam does.
0:35:05 > 0:35:15That was very minor signs of radicalising.
0:35:26 > 0:35:28From Ohio, he moved to Florida, living at this
0:35:28 > 0:35:29apartment complex in Tampa.
0:35:29 > 0:35:31Neighbours say they remember seeing him by the pool
0:35:31 > 0:35:33with his wife and children, but that he wasn't
0:35:33 > 0:35:34particularly friendly.
0:35:34 > 0:35:37Although he was a practising Muslim, Sayfullo Saipov wasn't seen
0:35:37 > 0:35:38at mosques in the area.
0:35:38 > 0:35:40This lawyer who speaks for the Islamic community in Tampa
0:35:40 > 0:35:42says there may be a reason why.
0:35:42 > 0:35:45We've worked with the FBI on a number of cases of trying
0:35:45 > 0:35:48to protect youth from being targeted by groups like IS, and the first
0:35:48 > 0:35:51tactic IS does is try to get them away from the mosques,
0:35:51 > 0:35:53because they know the messaging of the mosques undermine the deviant
0:35:53 > 0:35:55extremist heretical message of groups like Isis.
0:35:55 > 0:35:58One resident says Sayfullo Saipov and his family packed up
0:35:58 > 0:36:00from here earlier this year, and that before he left, he gave
0:36:00 > 0:36:03her his computer and printer, which she donated to charity.
0:36:03 > 0:36:06She also said he told her he was moving to New Jersey.
0:36:06 > 0:36:09And it was in Paterson, a city with a large Muslim community,
0:36:09 > 0:36:10that he worked as an Uber driver.
0:36:10 > 0:36:13Close to here he rented the truck he used in the attack.
0:36:13 > 0:36:15Sayfullo Saipov is still in hospital.
0:36:15 > 0:36:17The focus for authorities is how did an immigrant who wasn't
0:36:17 > 0:36:20on their radar commit a deadly terror attack in the country
0:36:20 > 0:36:26he made his home?
0:36:26 > 0:36:28Our correspondent, Michelle Fleury, is outside the house
0:36:28 > 0:36:30in which the suspect was reportedly staying at recently,
0:36:30 > 0:36:34in Paterson, New Jersey.
0:36:34 > 0:36:37What are his neighbours they are saying?
0:36:37 > 0:36:40This small residential streets suddenly got some unwelcome
0:36:40 > 0:36:44attention yesterday evening when the FBI and police descended on this
0:36:44 > 0:36:47small street and the set offences because we understand that number
0:36:47 > 0:36:53nine, P Hain to me, is where the suspect lived with his wife and
0:36:53 > 0:36:58children. Apparently, it is hard to piece the exact time when together,
0:36:58 > 0:37:04but we think he might have come here in March, with his wife, and police
0:37:04 > 0:37:15cornered at -- cordoned off this area, went for the house, trying to
0:37:15 > 0:37:17find clues as to what might have motivated him, what alliances he may
0:37:17 > 0:37:20have, who, if any, might have been his influences, but for the
0:37:20 > 0:37:22community, it is a largely Muslim one and there will be concerns about
0:37:22 > 0:37:28the knock-on effect. People have already started asking if he
0:37:28 > 0:37:32attended the local mosque and locals here say that they have not seen
0:37:32 > 0:37:36them there. One local who spoke to the BBC expressed shock seeing that
0:37:36 > 0:37:40he would never have expected of him and that he had known him for a
0:37:40 > 0:37:50while.
0:37:54 > 0:38:00To Rajini who as we saw is in Tampa, Florida where he was living.
0:38:00 > 0:38:08What is interesting, as I said in my report, the FBI did not have him
0:38:08 > 0:38:12directly on the radar and spending some time here, you do get the
0:38:12 > 0:38:17impression that it was not someone who truly interacted at all with the
0:38:17 > 0:38:21community around him. We spent some time at the apartment complex where
0:38:21 > 0:38:25he spent some time living with his family and most people say that they
0:38:25 > 0:38:29saw her murder and the swimming pool, as I mentioned, but they do
0:38:29 > 0:38:33not have stories about him. Some said he wasn't particularly
0:38:33 > 0:38:44friendly. He did not interact with those around him. When I went to
0:38:44 > 0:38:46meet the head of the local Islamic centre here, he said that he had
0:38:46 > 0:38:49never seen or heard from him until he was in the news. Even though he
0:38:49 > 0:38:52was a devout Moslem, he did not attend mosques in the idiot, at
0:38:52 > 0:38:55least to a level that people would remember him. What we had from Ohio
0:38:55 > 0:39:07was that's the belief he was radicalised online. That may be why
0:39:07 > 0:39:12it is so difficult to paint a clear picture of his actions before the
0:39:12 > 0:39:17attack. Thank you for that.
0:39:17 > 0:39:18Let's get more on this.
0:39:18 > 0:39:20John Thomas Tomarchio is a former deputy assistant secretary
0:39:20 > 0:39:23with Homeland Security.
0:39:23 > 0:39:28What are you looking at, what do you know so far, that might have raised
0:39:28 > 0:39:36a red flag in his background?We look at what indicia of terrorism or
0:39:36 > 0:39:39terrorist intent that this individual might portray? He was
0:39:39 > 0:39:48involved in the Muslim air are good -- community in Tampa, Florida. He
0:39:48 > 0:39:53was unemployed, a sporty work record. He moved to all Heil, again,
0:39:53 > 0:39:57not really radicalised but seem to be some individuals that met with
0:39:57 > 0:40:02him, describing him as an angry individual. They often expressed
0:40:02 > 0:40:07displeasure with US foreign policy, or US foreign policy to the Muslim
0:40:07 > 0:40:12world, maybe not uncommon among some people, but no indication that he
0:40:12 > 0:40:17would do anything violent.That is always the thing, when the call from
0:40:17 > 0:40:22an angry guy with the grape to doing something that this guy dead in a
0:40:22 > 0:40:26New York. It seems that you can only wear an unlimited amount from the
0:40:26 > 0:40:30people attended these suspects. Most of them said he was a friendly guy.
0:40:30 > 0:40:35Does that mean you have to look online, is that where the clues will
0:40:35 > 0:40:40increasingly be found?That is where investigators are looking at. What
0:40:40 > 0:40:45was his online persona? Where was he going, who was he talking to? What
0:40:45 > 0:40:50site was the visiting? Was he self radicalised? How did he go from
0:40:50 > 0:40:55being a person with anger or a person with aspirations of the jihad
0:40:55 > 0:41:01or violence, to a person that became operational? You make that nexus
0:41:01 > 0:41:05from aspiration to operational? Did he have help? Did he have an
0:41:05 > 0:41:08individual who was teaching or mentoring him or it is something
0:41:08 > 0:41:13they did on his own? Those are the things I want to know about right
0:41:13 > 0:41:15now. As you say, terrorism is not
0:41:15 > 0:41:20something you do by yourself. It is highly social. It has been a lot of
0:41:20 > 0:41:24work done here in Europe on who these people are talking to online.
0:41:24 > 0:41:29They thing that has been enough work done in Congress here in the United
0:41:29 > 0:41:35States?I think it is an ongoing process. We are always interested in
0:41:35 > 0:41:39motivations. We are always interested in support groups. We are
0:41:39 > 0:41:42always interested in financing. Looking at an individual online is
0:41:42 > 0:41:47very important. This particular person, he was below the radar
0:41:47 > 0:41:51screen, if he didn't have an online persona and he was just cruising but
0:41:51 > 0:41:57did not leave any markers behind, did not leave any online pranks or
0:41:57 > 0:42:01tired legs or did not go to places that would raise red flags, these
0:42:01 > 0:42:05people are very, very hard to find and the predicted that they are
0:42:05 > 0:42:09going to do something. That is the real challenge.Because the
0:42:09 > 0:42:12president has raised the issue of immigration today and that the
0:42:12 > 0:42:23lottery system, I want
0:42:39 > 0:42:42to ask if you think clamping down on the lottery system, doing away with
0:42:42 > 0:42:44that would help from a homeland security point of view?I would not
0:42:44 > 0:42:47say that we have to do away with that, I think with any system, there
0:42:47 > 0:42:50should be visited, seven with like to what has happened in the New York
0:42:50 > 0:42:53City, whether we have two making the changes, that is to be determined.
0:42:53 > 0:42:56As a prudent measure, we should look at how many people are coming in,
0:42:56 > 0:42:59when they are coming in and what the buttons are, but there is a lot to
0:42:59 > 0:43:01see what comes out in the wash. Thank you for joining us.
0:43:01 > 0:43:03Breaking news in the last few minutes, the Defence Secretary has
0:43:03 > 0:43:06resigned from his position. He has given a brief statement to the BBC.
0:43:06 > 0:43:09He says that he thinks it the right thing to do to resign. He says his
0:43:09 > 0:43:12behaviour in the past has fallen short of the standards expected by
0:43:12 > 0:43:14the military. The BBC understands his resignation is not in response
0:43:14 > 0:43:17to any new or specific allegations. He went on to say that the Prime
0:43:17 > 0:43:19Minister and parliament are taking this issue seriously and that is the
0:43:19 > 0:43:22right thing to do. So Michael Fallon holding himself to the same
0:43:22 > 0:43:25standards as the military and taking the decision that it is better if
0:43:25 > 0:43:32you are a science.
0:43:32 > 0:43:35He was the last Tsar of Russia - tortured and murdered,
0:43:35 > 0:43:37along with his family, by the Bolsheviks during
0:43:37 > 0:43:38the revolution a hundred years ago.
0:43:38 > 0:43:41A defining period for Russia, and the rest of the world,
0:43:41 > 0:43:44as beginnings of what would be the Soviet Union came to be.
0:43:44 > 0:43:46And to help us understand what happened during this tumultuous
0:43:46 > 0:43:48time, our correspondent Steve Rosenberg is travelling
0:43:48 > 0:43:50through Russia, bringing to life events which took place
0:43:50 > 0:43:51a century ago.
0:43:51 > 0:43:54Steve's been in St Petersberg and Moscow already, and today
0:43:54 > 0:43:55he reports from Yekaterinburg, and the Russian Orthodox
0:43:55 > 0:43:57Church-on-the-Blood, where the Romanov dynasty
0:43:57 > 0:43:58was brought to a brutal end.
0:43:58 > 0:44:08If there is one place where heaven meets hell, it's here.
0:44:13 > 0:44:15This is known as the Church on the Blood.
0:44:15 > 0:44:18Murder was committed here, the victims now elevated to saints.
0:44:18 > 0:44:19Tsar Nicholas II and his family.
0:44:19 > 0:44:22This church marks the spot where they and their servants
0:44:22 > 0:44:23were executed by the Bolsheviks.
0:44:23 > 0:44:24They were shot and bayoneted.
0:44:24 > 0:44:28A bloody and brutal end to Russia's last tsar.
0:44:28 > 0:44:31Having murdered the tsar, the Bolsheviks tried to bury
0:44:31 > 0:44:35all memory of the monarchy.
0:44:35 > 0:44:40They failed.
0:44:40 > 0:44:43It took 60 years, but eventually a discovery was made
0:44:43 > 0:44:46here near Ekaterinburg.
0:44:46 > 0:44:55The remains of Nicholas II and his family.
0:44:55 > 0:45:00In 1988, the Russian government confirmed their authenticity.
0:45:00 > 0:45:04Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra, and their three daughters
0:45:04 > 0:45:07were laid to rest.
0:45:07 > 0:45:13Later, more bones were found in the same forest, believed to be
0:45:13 > 0:45:15the tsar's two missing children.
0:45:15 > 0:45:17The church has not recognised the remains, but that may change.
0:45:17 > 0:45:19There are new investigations, using more advanced methods.
0:45:19 > 0:45:22The church participates in these investigations.
0:45:22 > 0:45:25There is a strong chance that the church will recognise
0:45:25 > 0:45:33the remains as the bones of the royal family.
0:45:33 > 0:45:35Nicholas II was a flawed leader - an inflexible autocrat
0:45:35 > 0:45:38with poor judgment.
0:45:38 > 0:45:43Communists painted him as a bloody tyrant.
0:45:43 > 0:45:46Today's Russia strikes a different note.
0:45:46 > 0:45:49Back at the church they have a rose-tinted view of Saint
0:45:49 > 0:45:53Nicholas.
0:45:53 > 0:45:56I always compare him with captain of a big ship called Russia,
0:45:56 > 0:46:01and he was on this ship to the end.
0:46:01 > 0:46:04And it is from tsarist Russia that this Ekaterinburg school
0:46:04 > 0:46:07draws its inspiration.
0:46:07 > 0:46:11But would they like a tsar running Russia today?
0:46:11 > 0:46:17Times change.
0:46:17 > 0:46:20We can't speak about the monarchy as it was earlier, but I suppose
0:46:20 > 0:46:25that our president is a kind of man who governs the way the tsar tried
0:46:25 > 0:46:29to govern, in a way.
0:46:29 > 0:46:31He is a real ruler, a real patriot.
0:46:31 > 0:46:41Russia is trying to remember its past, not recreate it.
0:47:03 > 0:47:07Part of the battle is snapping at the ideology and getting rid of an
0:47:07 > 0:47:20Islamic state in Syria and Iraq is fundamental.
0:47:20 > 0:47:22But what more do we need to do?
0:47:22 > 0:47:24General Sir Mike Jackson is the former head
0:47:24 > 0:47:27of the British Army - a man with huge experience tackling
0:47:27 > 0:47:28and 80s.
0:47:28 > 0:47:31-- terror threat on the streets of Northern Ireland in the 70s
0:47:31 > 0:47:32and 80s.
0:47:32 > 0:47:35he led the UK Army during the Iraq Invasion of 2003.
0:47:35 > 0:47:36And he joins me now.
0:47:36 > 0:47:40I must ask you first of Sir Michael Fallon.
0:47:40 > 0:47:49I think the Armed Forces will be sad to see him go. It is clearly a
0:47:49 > 0:47:54personal decision he has come to and so be it.Let's talk about the
0:47:54 > 0:48:00terror issue. I mentioned in the outset the fear that you have this
0:48:00 > 0:48:04huge experience of dealing, blue with the macro level, tackling
0:48:04 > 0:48:08Islamic State in the track and wherever they are around the world
0:48:08 > 0:48:11but also in the micro level were you dealt with the IRA in Northern
0:48:11 > 0:48:16Ireland. There's something in your experience in the 70s and 80s that
0:48:16 > 0:48:21could apply to the thread we now face in our cities?I think my first
0:48:21 > 0:48:24point of analysis and we can't put up too many parallels comedy IRA
0:48:24 > 0:48:31were very careful not to be killed in the operations. Islamic State, we
0:48:31 > 0:48:39know they are very different. The problem, which led to the troubles
0:48:39 > 0:48:43in Northern Ireland was political. At its base rate, political. What
0:48:43 > 0:48:48security forces were able to do was keep space open for a political
0:48:48 > 0:48:54state -- settlement to emerge, the Good Friday Agreement. I have to say
0:48:54 > 0:48:59that that panel builders work, largely when it comes to Islamic
0:48:59 > 0:49:03State. At a political movement and the answer at the end of the day has
0:49:03 > 0:49:08to be political.Do you think the war on terror has made it worse?The
0:49:08 > 0:49:14so-called war on terror, I don't know. It would take, I think, a
0:49:14 > 0:49:20historian in due course to come to whatever conclusion. I don't think
0:49:20 > 0:49:24nothing could have been done. Don't think doing nothing was an option.
0:49:24 > 0:49:31That is the argument that by putting, even Alan Hardy, the stick
0:49:31 > 0:49:36into the ants nest of the Middle East, it brought domestic terrorism
0:49:36 > 0:49:43as we have seen that, so tragically, even in the very recent past, I'm
0:49:43 > 0:49:51not sure about that. There is an ideology shear which basically
0:49:51 > 0:49:58doesn't like people who are not like them and is prepared to kill them.
0:49:58 > 0:50:03What do you make of the fact that the suspect came from Uzbekistan,
0:50:03 > 0:50:07not a country where Western nations are involved militarily, C wouldn't
0:50:07 > 0:50:13think that the -- there would be an obvious grape that is Becks would
0:50:13 > 0:50:18have on that front.You're saying we are involved in Uzbekistan. I beg
0:50:18 > 0:50:27your pardon. Now, I am not. Indeed, we have seen Islamic State attacks
0:50:27 > 0:50:33in countries that have not been directly, some not at all, in
0:50:33 > 0:50:39operations in the Middle East. The two do not necessarily go
0:50:39 > 0:50:44hand-in-hand.Let me change directions. I will ask you about
0:50:44 > 0:50:50Russia, something that has been commented on today by the US
0:50:50 > 0:50:53commanding general in Europe, who has been speaking to our defence
0:50:53 > 0:50:57correspondent. I will play your cup of what he had to say.We have been
0:50:57 > 0:51:02focused on so long -- on the Middle East for so long, in the meanwhile,
0:51:02 > 0:51:05Russia have continued to develop capabilities and the remainders of
0:51:05 > 0:51:10who they always have been. About three years ago, the last American
0:51:10 > 0:51:15tank went back to the States. Rush was posted be our partners to weave
0:51:15 > 0:51:20a shrug that is what we hoped for and now it is coming back. For
0:51:20 > 0:51:24centuries of history and the Russian tendency, we ignored that. But we're
0:51:24 > 0:51:33recovering quickly and the Alliance is adapting, certainly my country
0:51:33 > 0:51:39has invested, bringing the ability back over here to Europe.Sir
0:51:39 > 0:51:42Michael, do you agree that in focusing on the Middle East and the
0:51:42 > 0:51:46threat of terrorism, whether it's to do with defence spending budgets,
0:51:46 > 0:51:51Nato 's defence budget, there has bid and neglect of the Russia
0:51:51 > 0:51:59threat, from European and counties in the West and America?I very much
0:51:59 > 0:52:04agree with what we just heard from General Hodges, we did not handle
0:52:04 > 0:52:09Russia very well, as it came out of the cold war but now is not the
0:52:09 > 0:52:18moment perhaps to see where it went wrong. We are now facing a resurgent
0:52:18 > 0:52:32and adventurous, risk-taking Russia. The only proper deterrent to that is
0:52:32 > 0:52:37the military alliance that we know as Nato, which it has been doing
0:52:37 > 0:52:48since 1947 or 1948. That is key to show that adventurism, coming back
0:52:48 > 0:52:55towards the West, is not on offer.I wish we had more time to talk but we
0:52:55 > 0:53:00are out of time. It was good to have you in the studio. Thank you for
0:53:00 > 0:53:12your reaction to the Sir Michael Fallon study as well.
0:53:20 > 0:53:23I am going to give you three words and I want you to
0:53:23 > 0:53:24guess what they mean.
0:53:24 > 0:53:25Hygge?
0:53:25 > 0:53:30Dude food, sharenting.
0:53:30 > 0:53:38This is like one of those radio Colin quizzes. -- radio call an
0:53:38 > 0:53:47quizzes.
0:53:47 > 0:53:50They were all words that found their way last year
0:53:50 > 0:53:52into the new Collins' Dictionary.
0:53:52 > 0:54:02But can you guess what was top of the list last year?
0:54:04 > 0:54:09It was Brexit. There is a clue to what is the most popular word this
0:54:09 > 0:54:12year.
0:54:12 > 0:54:14I will give you a clue it is tremendous, really really great.
0:54:14 > 0:54:16It has never happened before.
0:54:16 > 0:54:26And it's a term that describes us perfectly.
0:54:27 > 0:54:34It must be real news, if it describes us.
0:54:34 > 0:54:41It is fake news. I'm looking forward to see how they define it. Clearly,
0:54:41 > 0:54:45we have spent a lot of time on this programme talking about the threat
0:54:45 > 0:54:50from Russia, we had a congenital Fallon there and we had from Rosa
0:54:50 > 0:54:58Luxemburg earlier in this programme. Really, it is the dissemination of
0:54:58 > 0:55:03fake news. It is not what the president calls fake news, which is
0:55:03 > 0:55:08CNN and they would probably throw in the BBC, and all cable television
0:55:08 > 0:55:12outlets and the dues television outlets and print outlets that are
0:55:12 > 0:55:19not Fox News in the US, but is -- but that's not what the users. The
0:55:19 > 0:55:23news is a real problem. It's the problem that comes from people
0:55:23 > 0:55:26disseminating misinformation and trying to influence elections
0:55:26 > 0:55:29because of bad or political processes because of that, and I
0:55:29 > 0:55:33don't now how we will carry on conducting elections in democratic
0:55:33 > 0:55:38societies are people get their news from the new site and think that it
0:55:38 > 0:55:42is real. Soon you will be able to make people say what everyone spent
0:55:42 > 0:55:45to say because of artificial intelligence. That would really be
0:55:45 > 0:55:48fake news and it will change the political game.
0:55:48 > 0:55:52You know that when you walk up fake news in the dictionary you only get
0:55:52 > 0:55:59two lanes? Go on. Not as long as you have just defended. That's an whole
0:55:59 > 0:56:07encyclopaedia entry. Before we go, the breaking news and the last
0:56:07 > 0:56:16half-hour. Sir Michael Fallon has resigned. He said in recent days
0:56:16 > 0:56:20allegations have been made about MPs conduct including my own and many of
0:56:20 > 0:56:25these have been false. In the past, I have the high standards we require
0:56:25 > 0:56:30of the Armed Forces which I had the privilege to represent. I have
0:56:30 > 0:56:34therefore reflected on the position in government and Amber Saint --
0:56:34 > 0:56:38resigning as Defence Secretary. That statement reads a lot of
0:56:38 > 0:56:39questions and that hopefully will get