0:00:07 > 0:00:10You're watching Beyond 100 Days -
0:00:10 > 0:00:13more revelations from the Paradise Papers on how
0:00:13 > 0:00:16the rich and famous avoid taxes.
0:00:16 > 0:00:20Actors, multinationals sports stars, all manner of people mentioned
0:00:20 > 0:00:26in the leaked papers, which show how they invest their money offshore.
0:00:26 > 0:00:30British Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton saved millions in VAT
0:00:30 > 0:00:35when he bought this private jet using the Isle of Man tax haven.
0:00:35 > 0:00:38In an interview with the BBC, President Trump's Commerce Secretary
0:00:38 > 0:00:42denies misleading Congress after the leaked documents
0:00:42 > 0:00:52exposed his involvement in a company with links to the Kremlin.
0:00:53 > 0:00:56Did a row with his mother in law lead a shooter in Texas to kill 26
0:00:56 > 0:00:58people in a small town church.
0:00:58 > 0:00:59The youngest was just a baby.
0:00:59 > 0:01:00Also on the programme...
0:01:00 > 0:01:03Donald Trump tells Japan the best way to protect itself
0:01:03 > 0:01:05from a nuclear-armed North Korea is to buy billions of dollars
0:01:05 > 0:01:09of American military equipment.
0:01:09 > 0:01:13In Germany the latest round of climate talks gets under way -
0:01:13 > 0:01:16chaired by Fiji, the pacific island that is already paying the price
0:01:16 > 0:01:18of rising global temperatures.
0:01:18 > 0:01:21Get in touch with us using the hashtag...
0:01:31 > 0:01:33Hello and welcome - I'm Katty Kay in Washington
0:01:33 > 0:01:36and Christian Fraser is in London.
0:01:36 > 0:01:38They are the revelations from millions of leaked documents -
0:01:38 > 0:01:41dubbed the Paradise Papers - which show how the rich and powerful
0:01:41 > 0:01:44try to avoid paying taxes.
0:01:44 > 0:01:46Whether it's a multi-national corporation
0:01:46 > 0:01:50or household names around the world, they are all accused of using
0:01:50 > 0:01:52tax havens to dodge paying their fair share to tax authorities.
0:01:52 > 0:01:54The papers were obtained by the German newspaper
0:01:54 > 0:01:57Sud-deutsche Zeitung and shared with the International Consortium
0:01:57 > 0:02:02of Investigative Journalists.
0:02:02 > 0:02:04Richard Bilton, from the BBC's Panorama programme, has been
0:02:04 > 0:02:06poring through the documents - here's his special report.
0:02:06 > 0:02:10When you hear tax haven you might think palm trees.
0:02:11 > 0:02:14They're and not all like that.
0:02:14 > 0:02:19We have arrived in a little place between Belfast and
0:02:19 > 0:02:22Liverpool, this is the Isle of Man, it is a British Crown dependency
0:02:22 > 0:02:27and it's an important tax haven.
0:02:27 > 0:02:28We have found that the island offers
0:02:28 > 0:02:32a special service that the rich and famous love.
0:02:32 > 0:02:35Take Formula 1 world champion Lewis Hamilton.
0:02:35 > 0:02:41In 2013 he made a dream purchase, a £16 million jet.
0:02:41 > 0:02:46The Isle of Man gave him back 3.3 million as a VAT refund.
0:02:46 > 0:02:51Lewis Hamilton had to fly his jet here to
0:02:52 > 0:02:53the Isle of Man just once.
0:02:53 > 0:02:55He came here in 2012 with his then girlfriend,
0:02:55 > 0:03:00pop star Nicole Scherzinger.
0:03:00 > 0:03:04Documents show that Customs and Excise here were happy to come
0:03:04 > 0:03:07in early at 6am in the morning to sign off on the deal.
0:03:07 > 0:03:09There are nearly 1000 jets registered here.
0:03:09 > 0:03:12We believe they come here because the
0:03:12 > 0:03:15Isle of Man don't properly apply the European Union and UK rules.
0:03:15 > 0:03:23Now, those rules are very complicated.
0:03:23 > 0:03:26But if you use your plane for fun you can't get VAT refunds.
0:03:26 > 0:03:28I can't believe I have my own plane still
0:03:28 > 0:03:29after all these years.
0:03:29 > 0:03:32Look at this post, Lewis Hamilton is open about
0:03:32 > 0:03:33using it for fun.
0:03:33 > 0:03:36He shouldn't have got a full refund.
0:03:36 > 0:03:39If they are using it for private purposes, the fact
0:03:39 > 0:03:41that all this money is being refunded is quite shocking.
0:03:41 > 0:03:43You should not be getting VAT back
0:03:43 > 0:03:48if it is private usage.
0:03:48 > 0:03:51Lewis Hamilton's lawyers told us he had a set of
0:03:51 > 0:03:56professionals in place who run most aspects of his business operations.
0:03:56 > 0:04:00They said Isle of Man customs gave informed approval to the scheme.
0:04:00 > 0:04:05In total the Isle of Man has handed out
0:04:05 > 0:04:14more than £790 million in VAT refunds to jet leasing companies.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17Isle of Man customs has admitted it has given refunds for personal use
0:04:17 > 0:04:19of jets as long as it's mainly used for business.
0:04:19 > 0:04:22That shouldn't happen.
0:04:22 > 0:04:25As a result of our investigation they have called in the British
0:04:25 > 0:04:28government to review its procedures.
0:04:28 > 0:04:33The Paradise Papers show there are other secrets on this island.
0:04:33 > 0:04:36We have found evidence that shows just how far the Isle of Man
0:04:36 > 0:04:42government has been prepared to go to help tax dodgers.
0:04:42 > 0:04:44The European savings directive was an attempt to
0:04:44 > 0:04:46stop tax evasion across Europe.
0:04:46 > 0:04:49We have found evidence that the Isle of
0:04:49 > 0:04:54Man changed one of their laws to help people dodge the new tax.
0:04:54 > 0:04:58Now, you might think getting approval for
0:04:58 > 0:05:00something that could help tax evaders would prove difficult
0:05:00 > 0:05:02but not on the Isle of Man.
0:05:02 > 0:05:06We have letters from lawyers to the island's regulator.
0:05:06 > 0:05:09If you believe it would be helpful for us to provide you
0:05:09 > 0:05:11with ideas as to how to amend the regulations,
0:05:11 > 0:05:15please let Simon and myself no.
0:05:15 > 0:05:19In Switzerland I tracked down the man who drew up that scheme
0:05:19 > 0:05:21to help tax dodgers.
0:05:21 > 0:05:24I want to show you something.
0:05:24 > 0:05:27The one that needed the Isle of Man to change the law.
0:05:27 > 0:05:30It's actually changing the laws, the Isle of Man changing their own
0:05:30 > 0:05:32laws so this scheme to help tax evaders
0:05:32 > 0:05:34can work, isn't it?
0:05:34 > 0:05:36I would agree with you, yes.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39That is amazing to me, that's amazing.
0:05:39 > 0:05:42The Isle of Man's top politician, the chief
0:05:42 > 0:05:45minister, promised to investigate allegations and apologised if the
0:05:45 > 0:05:49law was changed for tax dodgers.
0:05:49 > 0:05:52But what about the regulator himself?
0:05:52 > 0:05:55Did you change the law to help tax dodgers?
0:05:55 > 0:06:01He is retired now, I tracked him down.
0:06:01 > 0:06:03No, I think you should help us with this, it was the
0:06:03 > 0:06:05European Savings Directive and you changed the law.
0:06:05 > 0:06:07I have nothing to say.
0:06:07 > 0:06:10What would you say to our viewers who pay their tax?
0:06:10 > 0:06:13You should contact the Financial Services Authority.
0:06:13 > 0:06:15But the Paradise Papers have more than faceless
0:06:15 > 0:06:17financial deals.
0:06:17 > 0:06:22Hello, love, do you want a cup of tea?
0:06:22 > 0:06:24We think three actors in Mrs Brown's Boys are
0:06:24 > 0:06:26involved in a tax dodge.
0:06:26 > 0:06:28I could do with some money to get as a place.
0:06:28 > 0:06:30Patrick Hoolahan who plays Mrs Brown's son Dermot.
0:06:30 > 0:06:33Could have stayed in bed a bit longer?
0:06:33 > 0:06:36Fiona Delaney, the real-life daughter of
0:06:36 > 0:06:43Mrs Brown star Brendan O'Carroll.
0:06:43 > 0:06:44Good morning, Trevor.
0:06:44 > 0:06:46And her husband, Martin Delaney.
0:06:46 > 0:06:48The dodge involves their wages, or fees,
0:06:48 > 0:06:53going from the production company to a UK company, then offshore to
0:06:54 > 0:06:57accompany each has in Mauritius.
0:06:57 > 0:06:59Those companies then loaned money to the actors'
0:06:59 > 0:07:01personal accounts tax-free.
0:07:01 > 0:07:07Take Fiona Delaney.
0:07:07 > 0:07:09In 16 months her Mauritian company
0:07:09 > 0:07:11lent her over £360,000.
0:07:11 > 0:07:14None of the actors answered our questions.
0:07:14 > 0:07:18I caught up with Fiona Delaney.
0:07:18 > 0:07:20It is Richard Bilton from Panorama, can I grab a
0:07:20 > 0:07:21quick word?
0:07:21 > 0:07:24She arrived for filming in Glasgow.
0:07:24 > 0:07:25You get paid in Mauritius, don't you?
0:07:26 > 0:07:29What is that all about?
0:07:29 > 0:07:32And do you pay the loans back?
0:07:32 > 0:07:35I don't think you pay them back, are you a tax dodger?
0:07:35 > 0:07:37I don't know who you are.
0:07:37 > 0:07:40I am from Panorama, you are from Mrs Brown's
0:07:40 > 0:07:44Boys and you are a tax dodger, that's not very funny, is it?
0:07:44 > 0:07:46More names from the Paradise Papers, more
0:07:46 > 0:07:47revelations still to come.
0:07:47 > 0:07:50Richard Bilton, BBC News.
0:07:50 > 0:07:53Apple is the world's most valuable company -
0:07:53 > 0:07:57it has a stash of profits worth hundreds of billions of pounds.
0:07:57 > 0:07:59Yet the leaked documents show how hard the tech giant works
0:07:59 > 0:08:04to keep its tax bill as low as possible.
0:08:04 > 0:08:07After Ireland banned an arrangement which meant it paid very little tax
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Apple has moved billions to Jersey.
0:08:09 > 0:08:11What it's done is legal.
0:08:11 > 0:08:16Our Business Editor Simon Jack reports.
0:08:16 > 0:08:20A rapturous reception for the latest iPhone.
0:08:20 > 0:08:28It's the most popular and profitable consumer product of all time.
0:08:28 > 0:08:30It's generated hundreds of billions in profits for Apple
0:08:30 > 0:08:32since it was introduced ten years ago.
0:08:32 > 0:08:35What these papers show is just how determined Apple has been to keep
0:08:35 > 0:08:40the tax on those profits as low as possible.
0:08:40 > 0:08:42And how keen some governments, lawyers, and advisers
0:08:42 > 0:08:44have been to help them do it.
0:08:44 > 0:08:49For many years, Apple sent profits made outside the Americas to Ireland
0:08:49 > 0:08:51where an elaborate corporate structure meant it paid nearly no
0:08:51 > 0:08:55tax on the billions it was making.
0:08:55 > 0:09:00Taxes that would have been due to the United States
0:09:00 > 0:09:02where politicians started applying pressure to
0:09:02 > 0:09:05a defiant Apple CEO Tim Cook.
0:09:05 > 0:09:08We pay all the taxes we owe, every single dollar.
0:09:08 > 0:09:11We not only comply with the laws but we comply
0:09:11 > 0:09:13with the spirit of the laws.
0:09:13 > 0:09:18We don't depend on tax gimmicks.
0:09:18 > 0:09:21So, no more fiendishly complicated tax arrangements, right?
0:09:21 > 0:09:25Wrong.
0:09:25 > 0:09:31Documents obtained from the law firm Appleby
0:09:31 > 0:09:33show that when Ireland shut that scheme
0:09:33 > 0:09:35down, the company went shopping for a new way
0:09:36 > 0:09:37to keep their tax bills low.
0:09:37 > 0:09:39A questionnaire was sent to Appleby's offices
0:09:39 > 0:09:41in seven tax havens, all British, including questions
0:09:41 > 0:09:44that made their intention clear.
0:09:44 > 0:09:46Can you confirm that an Irish company, meaning
0:09:46 > 0:09:48an Apple subsidiary, can conduct management activities
0:09:48 > 0:09:53without being subject to taxation in your jurisdiction?
0:09:53 > 0:09:58After this offshore beauty parade, Apple plumped for Jersey
0:09:58 > 0:10:00and company accounts published since show there's been no
0:10:00 > 0:10:04discernible increase in the rate of tax paid worldwide.
0:10:04 > 0:10:08Now, let's be clear, Apple has done nothing illegal
0:10:08 > 0:10:10but hundreds of billions of dollars remain tangled in a web
0:10:10 > 0:10:12of low tax jurisdictions, seemingly beyond the reach
0:10:12 > 0:10:14of any government.
0:10:14 > 0:10:17The tax equivalent of outer space.
0:10:17 > 0:10:20And, as these documents show, this is a system that has
0:10:20 > 0:10:24continually eluded international attempts to reform it.
0:10:24 > 0:10:27The boss of the international organisation trying to fix this
0:10:27 > 0:10:31problem admits it's a work in progress.
0:10:31 > 0:10:35Changing the rules that make it legal means that very of these
0:10:35 > 0:10:39companies today pay very little or no tax at all.
0:10:39 > 0:10:41This is what it's about.
0:10:41 > 0:10:45This is what is happening and this is what we're working on.
0:10:45 > 0:10:49Apple actually pays a lot of tax, more than any other company
0:10:49 > 0:10:52in the world, but not as much as many think it should.
0:10:52 > 0:10:55It's also not alone.
0:10:55 > 0:10:58Other multinationals use similar structures and US companies alone
0:10:58 > 0:11:03are estimated to have over $2 trillion stashed offshore.
0:11:03 > 0:11:05The Paradise Papers show the lengths to which they and their
0:11:05 > 0:11:08advisers are prepared to go to keep their tax bills low.
0:11:08 > 0:11:11Simon Jack, BBC News.
0:11:11 > 0:11:14And you saw Angel Gurria, the secretary-general
0:11:14 > 0:11:17of the Organisation for Economic Development,
0:11:17 > 0:11:19Simon's report - we'll get more of his thoughts
0:11:19 > 0:11:22on the Paradise Papers, in just over 20 minutes' time.
0:11:22 > 0:11:23The Paradise Papers also include revelations that
0:11:23 > 0:11:26President Trump's commerce secretary, Wilbur Ross,
0:11:26 > 0:11:28has business links to Russian figures who are currently
0:11:29 > 0:11:31under US sanctions.
0:11:31 > 0:11:35Mr Ross said there was nothing improper about his investments.
0:11:35 > 0:11:38He also said he was optimistic about a post-Brexit free trade deal
0:11:38 > 0:11:40between the UK and the US.
0:11:40 > 0:11:42He was speaking to our Economics Editor Kamal Ahmed.
0:11:42 > 0:11:45He has friends in high places.
0:11:45 > 0:11:49The highest in fact.
0:11:49 > 0:11:51The President of the United States considers Wilbur Ross
0:11:51 > 0:11:54one of his closest allies.
0:11:54 > 0:11:57Today in London and defending allegations that his links to Russia
0:11:57 > 0:11:59were uncomfortably close.
0:11:59 > 0:12:02I asked him whether a connection to the Russian oil
0:12:02 > 0:12:05firm Sibur created a conflict.
0:12:05 > 0:12:08Our government has not thus far made the determination to sanction them
0:12:08 > 0:12:13so there is nothing wrong.
0:12:13 > 0:12:15The fact that it happens to be called
0:12:15 > 0:12:23a Russian company does not mean that there is any evil in it.
0:12:23 > 0:12:26Where there is evil is the mis-statement that I did not
0:12:26 > 0:12:28disclose those holdings.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31Mr Ross said he had fully notified the office of government ethics
0:12:31 > 0:12:33about his business interests.
0:12:33 > 0:12:37I asked him whether it was time for all major companies to pay more tax.
0:12:37 > 0:12:41The right way to deal with it I think is to provide incentives
0:12:41 > 0:12:45that make the US the attractive place to domicile.
0:12:45 > 0:12:50The President's idea is buy America, hire America, be American.
0:12:50 > 0:12:52And therefore pay more tax in America.
0:12:52 > 0:12:55Yes.
0:12:55 > 0:12:58If we could move on to Europe, what type of relationship
0:12:58 > 0:13:01would be most advantageous to the UK in terms of its relationship
0:13:01 > 0:13:08to the US post-Brexit?
0:13:08 > 0:13:13Well, the UK right now inadvertently has much higher taxes on imports
0:13:13 > 0:13:19from the US than the US has on imports from the UK.
0:13:19 > 0:13:23That's because the UK is bound by the EU system.
0:13:23 > 0:13:26So we would like to see those barriers come down,
0:13:27 > 0:13:31come closer to free trade.
0:13:31 > 0:13:34The EU talks a good job of free
0:13:34 > 0:13:40trade but in fact it practises extreme protectionism.
0:13:40 > 0:13:43Mr Ross was in London selling a positive vision of a post-Brexit
0:13:43 > 0:13:46Britain with a free-trade deal with the US.
0:13:46 > 0:13:49He said he was optimistic that such a deal would be signed.
0:13:49 > 0:13:59Kamal Ahmed, BBC News.
0:14:03 > 0:14:07Richard Bloom et al has been tweeting about this relationship.
0:14:07 > 0:14:10This is what he said...
0:14:20 > 0:14:32Those tweets were posted before Wilbur Ross spoke to the BBC. Maybe
0:14:32 > 0:14:37it is all secondary to the politics of having these business links with
0:14:37 > 0:14:48Russia.And we haven't heard from Senator Bluementhal since the
0:14:48 > 0:14:53response from Wilbur Ross. This story hasn't got a huge amount of
0:14:53 > 0:14:58attention in the United States today apart from this angle of the Russia
0:14:58 > 0:15:03ties. For an administration already under several investigations for
0:15:03 > 0:15:08links to Moscow, the fact that this is not Brazil, China, or India which
0:15:08 > 0:15:12is named as the country here, that makes it more tricky for the
0:15:12 > 0:15:16administration. It is yet another member of the Trump administration
0:15:16 > 0:15:22who seems to have ties to Russia will stop Wilbur Ross points out
0:15:22 > 0:15:27there is nothing illegal with these ties but the perception is tricky
0:15:27 > 0:15:31for an administration already under investigation.Plenty more to come
0:15:31 > 0:15:32from the Paradise Papers.
0:15:32 > 0:15:35You can find much more analysis of the Paradise Papers online -
0:15:35 > 0:15:37and you can watch Panorama: Britain's Offshore Secrets Exposed
0:15:37 > 0:15:40tonight at nine o'clock, on the BBC News Channel and BBC One.
0:15:40 > 0:15:43Viewers outside of the UK will be able to watch it this coming
0:15:43 > 0:15:46weekend on BBC World News, at the times listed on your
0:15:46 > 0:15:50screen - they are GMT.
0:15:50 > 0:15:52What does it say about American society when the senseless
0:15:52 > 0:15:54murder of 26 people, in a church,
0:15:54 > 0:16:01becomes just another statistic?
0:16:01 > 0:16:03We have become almost inured to the brutality of mass shootings.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06The definition of a mass shooting is four or more people killed -
0:16:06 > 0:16:13and Sunday's one in Texas brings this year's total to 307 - so far.
0:16:13 > 0:16:17It may have been something as mundane as a row with his in-laws
0:16:17 > 0:16:20that led a former air force man to open fire on the church.
0:16:20 > 0:16:22His mother in law worshipped within the Baptist community
0:16:22 > 0:16:24in Sutherland Spring and he'd already sent her threatening texts.
0:16:24 > 0:16:26She wasn't at the service yesterday.
0:16:26 > 0:16:31From Texas James Cook reports.
0:16:31 > 0:16:38Yet again it is a time for mourning in America.
0:16:38 > 0:16:40The masked gunmen was inside the church for a long time,
0:16:40 > 0:16:41say police.
0:16:41 > 0:16:49Moving around freely, firing with an assault rifle.
0:16:49 > 0:16:58Once he started firing rounds on the outside,
0:16:58 > 0:16:59what could people inside do?
0:16:59 > 0:17:01Are there too many guns in the US?
0:17:01 > 0:17:03Guns don't kill people, it is the people
0:17:03 > 0:17:11that kill people.
0:17:11 > 0:17:13Among the dead was an 18-month-old child.
0:17:13 > 0:17:14Annabel the 14-year-old daughter of the church
0:17:14 > 0:17:17pastor also died and one family alone lost at least five people
0:17:17 > 0:17:18leaving their neighbour in shock.
0:17:18 > 0:17:22I have heard two different stories, I
0:17:22 > 0:17:30heard that dad was killed and that the mom and daughters were killed.
0:17:30 > 0:17:33Nobody has come to the house yet since last night.
0:17:33 > 0:17:35Police say the killer Devin Kelley had set
0:17:35 > 0:17:39threatening texts to his mother-in-law.
0:17:39 > 0:17:42He had been thrown out of the US Air Force for
0:17:42 > 0:17:43assaulting his wife and child.
0:17:43 > 0:17:48Very deranged individual, a lot of problems.
0:17:48 > 0:17:51We have a lot of mental health problems in our country,
0:17:51 > 0:17:52as do other countries.
0:17:52 > 0:17:56But this is not a guns situation.
0:17:56 > 0:17:59The killer was tackled by a citizen with a gun
0:17:59 > 0:18:02who jumped in this man's truck to give chase.
0:18:02 > 0:18:06I did what I thought I needed to do which was they said there was
0:18:06 > 0:18:14a shooting, I pursued and I just did what I thought was the right thing.
0:18:14 > 0:18:16Nowhere it seems are Americans safe from bullets.
0:18:16 > 0:18:20The answer?
0:18:20 > 0:18:22Here they say it is more prayer and more weapons.
0:18:22 > 0:18:24Guns and God.
0:18:29 > 0:18:32Well among those who can provide insight into the many questions now
0:18:32 > 0:18:33being asked is Ron Hosko.
0:18:33 > 0:18:35He's the former assistant director of the FBI -
0:18:35 > 0:18:40and is now President of the law enforcement legal defense fund.
0:18:40 > 0:18:45Thank you very much for coming in to join me. If you would like to see
0:18:45 > 0:18:48one thing changing America that might stop others from having quite
0:18:48 > 0:18:54so many of these mass killings, 307 already this year, what would it be?
0:18:54 > 0:19:01A couple of things. One, most certainly there is a connection
0:19:01 > 0:19:06between these active shooters and mental illness, serious depression.
0:19:06 > 0:19:12And I don't think there is adequate connectivity between the FBI, their
0:19:12 > 0:19:19database, that would make someone a prohibited possessor of a weapon and
0:19:19 > 0:19:24the data from doctors and mental health situations that say someone
0:19:24 > 0:19:31is seriously ill and should not possess a weapon. There is not
0:19:31 > 0:19:40enough connectivity.This person was prevented from owning a weapon by
0:19:40 > 0:19:45the state of Texas.Someone who has shown a propensity for violence and
0:19:45 > 0:19:53violence to a child and we are hearing more today about a
0:19:53 > 0:19:56propensity to violence.So more enforcement of the existing rules
0:19:56 > 0:20:06rather than numerals. So in a country where there are £270
0:20:06 > 0:20:12million, has Congress accepted that this is the cost of living in
0:20:12 > 0:20:19American society?Congress should be doing more to push the mental health
0:20:19 > 0:20:23professionals and the states to collect that data and push it to the
0:20:23 > 0:20:29FBI so that their database has the maximum potential impact. That would
0:20:29 > 0:20:33ideally prevent somebody from like this purchase is guns. There are
0:20:33 > 0:20:40certainly other holes in the system. One is the gun show loophole. I
0:20:40 > 0:20:47think it is outside of a gun show where I can sell Katty a gun and
0:20:47 > 0:20:53there would be no record of it.A lot of people say there is always
0:20:53 > 0:21:01policy when it is somebody like a an Uzbek who most are people in New
0:21:01 > 0:21:06York but we never have policy when people are white and middle-aged.
0:21:06 > 0:21:11Any time one of these events happens, you start having a
0:21:11 > 0:21:15conversation about gun control. One way of controlling prohibited
0:21:15 > 0:21:20offenders from having a gun is by having robust data and having the
0:21:20 > 0:21:24gunshot data and others saying there is no good for you. There is a lot
0:21:24 > 0:21:31of other ways to kill people, we saw one of those in New York recently so
0:21:31 > 0:21:41there is a lot of work to do in America. A lot ofa lot of people in
0:21:41 > 0:21:45America have mental health problems and yet do not kill people. Isn't
0:21:45 > 0:21:50the issue still that if you have access to guns, if you have mental
0:21:50 > 0:21:59health, you might shoot somebody but if there is the gun, it is is the
0:21:59 > 0:22:06problem?I think part of the issue is the lack of broad-based mental
0:22:06 > 0:22:12health care that results in so many people being institutionalised, not
0:22:12 > 0:22:15in a mental health treatment facility but in prison. That has to
0:22:15 > 0:22:20be resolved. We are never going to get the system perfect but we have
0:22:20 > 0:22:25to start taking steps in the right direction. One of the things that
0:22:25 > 0:22:30you see over and over again is that there are almost always pre-event
0:22:30 > 0:22:34indicators. The immediate family and close friends, those people who
0:22:34 > 0:22:42observe every day can say something is changing, something is
0:22:42 > 0:22:45contextually inappropriate, the focus on weapons, threatening text,
0:22:45 > 0:22:51we are hearing evidence of it in this case. We are not that good
0:22:51 > 0:22:57about seeing something and saying something.I can very much indeed.
0:22:57 > 0:23:01Very interesting. We will see what Donald Trump says when he is about
0:23:01 > 0:23:06it. He is in Japan at the moment. Just before we go to the break, we
0:23:06 > 0:23:17have got some nice pictures of him and Prime Minister Abe in Japan. A
0:23:17 > 0:23:21great photo opportunity. They have a box of coy carp food and spoons. You
0:23:21 > 0:23:26get the sense that after five or six throws, they get a bit bored of
0:23:26 > 0:23:38this. Mr Abe does. He chucks his in and Donald Trump falls follow suit.
0:23:38 > 0:23:42Somehow feeding fish has got onto the agenda when they are on the
0:23:42 > 0:23:47trip. You can just think of them thinking, this wasn't one of the
0:23:47 > 0:23:53things we should be doing on the world stage. Prime Minister Abe
0:23:53 > 0:23:56taking the lead. A whole lot of people are saying they have given
0:23:56 > 0:24:09too much food to the fish. One new line on the harassment story in the
0:24:09 > 0:24:14UK. We've been following it over the last week. The Prime Minister has
0:24:14 > 0:24:19sent out an announcement and she has said there is a completely new
0:24:19 > 0:24:23grievance procedure for parliament that will come into effect in the
0:24:23 > 0:24:26New Year. She has been meeting with the party leaders today and they
0:24:26 > 0:24:36have agreed that there should be a completely new grievance procedure
0:24:36 > 0:24:39for staff working here. If there has been sexual harassment or bullying
0:24:39 > 0:24:45of any sort employees should feel comfortable that they are able to
0:24:45 > 0:24:54come forward. Meanwhile, a man has been charged with assault after
0:24:54 > 0:25:01attacking US Senator Rand Paul. It's not known what prompted the attack.
0:25:01 > 0:25:07A judge in Belgium has ordered the release of the Catalan leader Carles
0:25:07 > 0:25:17Puigdemont. He is wanted on charges including rebellion and sedition.
0:25:17 > 0:25:25Extradition proceedings could begin within two weeks. Catalonia made a
0:25:25 > 0:25:28unilateral declaration of Independence, you may remember, last
0:25:28 > 0:25:33month. Plenty more to come. We will be hearing from the head of the
0:25:33 > 0:25:47OECD. You are watching 100 days from the BBC.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54Coming up for viewers on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News -
0:25:54 > 0:25:57as climate change talks begin in Germany, we go live to Fiji
0:25:57 > 0:26:01where the race to stop rising sea levels gets more frantic by the day.
0:26:01 > 0:26:03And next stop Seoul - as President Trump leaves Tokyo
0:26:03 > 0:26:06to continue his Asian tour, what advice did he have
0:26:06 > 0:26:07for the Japanese when it comes to containing North Korea?
0:26:07 > 0:26:08for the Japanese when it comes to containing North Korea?
0:26:08 > 0:26:11That's still to come.
0:26:11 > 0:26:17Monday has allowed Autumn to show a variety of faces across the British
0:26:17 > 0:26:21Isles. It depended way you spend the day. In the north-west, cloudy, wet
0:26:21 > 0:26:28and windy. After a chilly start further south, a glorious sort of a
0:26:28 > 0:26:34day. Sunshine for the greater part of the day. Cloud eventually
0:26:34 > 0:26:38tempering the sunshine if not robbing you of it altogether. That
0:26:38 > 0:26:43cloud is going to be quite important. That will help to keep
0:26:43 > 0:26:50temperatures up. Slow progress on this weather front. Cloudy, wet, and
0:26:50 > 0:26:55windy weather already over the North West of Scotland. Gradually it moves
0:26:55 > 0:27:00to other northern and western parts of the British Isles. Temperatures
0:27:00 > 0:27:08will be closer towards the front but behind it they may dip away. So,
0:27:08 > 0:27:17little bit of sunshine north of the great Glen, perhaps. Everywhere
0:27:17 > 0:27:21south, from the West through to Wales and the south-west, a
0:27:21 > 0:27:26combination of wet and windy weather. Another cloud for the odd
0:27:26 > 0:27:32showery burst ahead of that through the south-west. Further east, some
0:27:32 > 0:27:38sunshine to start of the day. You may hang onto it for a few hours.
0:27:38 > 0:27:43This frontal system only moving very slowly indeed. It will be well into
0:27:43 > 0:27:49the afternoon before it shows its hand down towards the wash and into
0:27:49 > 0:28:01Sussex. A combination of sunny spells and showers. Those clouds
0:28:01 > 0:28:06wanting to clear again. So into Wednesday we might have a widespread
0:28:06 > 0:28:12frost. Particularly in rural areas and in western Britain. Don't be
0:28:12 > 0:28:20surprised if the morning looks like that. Wednesday, giving me the sense
0:28:20 > 0:28:24that it might look just a little bit like Monday with a eventually more
0:28:24 > 0:28:27cloud and wind and rain showing its hand through the North West of
0:28:27 > 0:28:30Scotland.
0:30:09 > 0:30:12This is Beyond One Hundred Days, with me Katty Kay in Washington -
0:30:12 > 0:30:13Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:13 > 0:30:15President Trump's Commerce Secretary denies misleading Congress
0:30:15 > 0:30:17after leaked documents, known as the Paradise Papers,
0:30:17 > 0:30:25exposed his involvement in a company with links to Russia.
0:30:25 > 0:30:29The papers also reveal tech giant Apple has a pile of cash worth tens
0:30:29 > 0:30:33of billions of dollars in Jersey where it pays no tax
0:30:34 > 0:30:35Coming up in the next half hour -
0:30:35 > 0:30:38President Trump continues his tour of Asia and tells Tokyo to buy
0:30:38 > 0:30:40more American weapons, to shoot down North
0:30:40 > 0:30:46Korean missiles.
0:30:46 > 0:30:48We report live from the Fijian island where climate
0:30:48 > 0:30:49change is forcing families from their homes.
0:30:49 > 0:30:52Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag...
0:30:52 > 0:31:02'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'
0:31:02 > 0:31:04Most people don't understand the complexities of offshore tax.
0:31:04 > 0:31:07They have no need to - they don't have enough money
0:31:07 > 0:31:09to consider the schemes and arrangements on offer.
0:31:09 > 0:31:12But the Paradise Papers provide us with a unique insight into how some
0:31:12 > 0:31:15of our biggest organisations, and the super rich, do it -
0:31:15 > 0:31:24to avoid the taxes they might pay.
0:31:24 > 0:31:26It's legal but it certainly doesn't feel fair.
0:31:26 > 0:31:28For years the OECD has been looking at the tapestry of schemes
0:31:28 > 0:31:32and networks that exist and trying to find ways to close the loop
0:31:32 > 0:31:33holes, for the benefit of cash strapped governments.
0:31:33 > 0:31:36Today the OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurria was in London -
0:31:36 > 0:31:38so I asked him, what has changed.
0:31:38 > 0:31:48Isn't it still one rule for the rich and another for everyone else?
0:31:59 > 0:32:08You are talking about legacy, the past, this is the way it used to be,
0:32:08 > 0:32:12the past that is haunting us, we are dismantling these structures. The
0:32:12 > 0:32:17Panama papers and the Paradise papers show some accounts which may
0:32:17 > 0:32:21be in the taxman or tax woman's desk in the next few months. There is now
0:32:21 > 0:32:23automatic exchange of tax information, which there was not in
0:32:23 > 0:32:25the past. We are moving along because they came politically
0:32:25 > 0:32:31impossible and intolerable to continue to have the situation.You
0:32:31 > 0:32:36stated in the past, the files reveal America's most profitable company,
0:32:36 > 0:32:41Apple, shopped around Europe and the Caribbean for a new tax scheme after
0:32:41 > 0:32:46Senate enquiry found they had moved tens of billions of dollars. Even
0:32:46 > 0:32:49after they had been found out they were looking for ways to shelter the
0:32:49 > 0:32:55money.Well, of course they will probably always continue to do that.
0:32:55 > 0:32:59The question is how to convince them there is nowhere to hide. What
0:32:59 > 0:33:05happens now Apple has been fined 13 billion figures they were found to
0:33:05 > 0:33:11have received state aid, the equivalent of these tax facilities.
0:33:11 > 0:33:18Now they have to pay this, it even to Ireland or somebody. I believe
0:33:18 > 0:33:23this belongs mostly to the United States. When the United States
0:33:23 > 0:33:27changes their tax laws and they allow for the repatriation of these
0:33:27 > 0:33:31profits, that are parked abroad. Important to point out these
0:33:31 > 0:33:37companies have not done anything illegal. They are bending the rules?
0:33:37 > 0:33:42Listen, what they are doing is using the rules to their advantage.
0:33:42 > 0:33:47Therefore what we should do is change the rules.Donald Trump at
0:33:47 > 0:33:51the moment slashing corporate tax rates, maybe people are saying if we
0:33:51 > 0:33:55had to pay tax move to the countries where there is a low corporate tax
0:33:55 > 0:34:01rates. A race to the bottom.If a country can lower its tax rates and
0:34:01 > 0:34:06still make ends meet, and have sound public finances, well, so much the
0:34:06 > 0:34:16better? The only question is you have a tax rate, high or low, do not
0:34:16 > 0:34:20give sweet are deals to any particular company, do not give
0:34:20 > 0:34:25privileges or prerogatives to any company tax wise, so they will come
0:34:25 > 0:34:30and establishing your company. If you have lower overall tax rates,
0:34:30 > 0:34:35companies come because they feel attracted by that, that is it, there
0:34:35 > 0:34:41will be other elements, like productivity, the overall loss to do
0:34:41 > 0:34:54business. The skill centre.Can we get you said reversing a decision on
0:34:54 > 0:34:57Brexit would benefit the UK economy. The Prime Minister has been
0:34:57 > 0:35:00addressing the CBI, she says we should go forward with rational
0:35:00 > 0:35:10optimism.It is inconsistent to say we believe it cost something to go
0:35:10 > 0:35:16through Brexit, that not going through Brexit would save you money.
0:35:16 > 0:35:22We continue to believe that. We are now of course working with the UK,
0:35:22 > 0:35:27for the UK, to make the process as smooth and seamless as possible.Do
0:35:27 > 0:35:38you believe the Europeans are doing that in an honest manner? Extending
0:35:38 > 0:35:44the negotiating position is a political decision?It took 40 years
0:35:44 > 0:35:49to create the Common Market, and the European Union. There is absolutely
0:35:49 > 0:35:53no reason why you should try to do it in two years, because it is
0:35:53 > 0:35:57written on some piece of paper. The transitions that you need, you
0:35:57 > 0:36:02should take, the terms you should take. That goes for the Europeans,
0:36:02 > 0:36:10who want a good deal, as much as for the UK, who want a good deal.
0:36:10 > 0:36:17Therefore, if you have both of the parties involved wanting an
0:36:17 > 0:36:20efficient, least disruptive deal possible, then of course take as
0:36:20 > 0:36:31much time as you need.
0:36:32 > 0:36:382017 is amongst the most warm on record according to the Royal meet a
0:36:38 > 0:36:46radical society. -- meter logical society. The research was presented
0:36:46 > 0:36:53on the opening day of the UN climate talks Gerry change talks. The first
0:36:53 > 0:36:56major summit of the international community is President Trump took
0:36:56 > 0:37:00the US out of the Paris agreement. Climate change talks may be taking
0:37:00 > 0:37:05place in Germany, but they are hosted by Fiji, already feeling the
0:37:05 > 0:37:10impact of rising sea levels. Starting to relocate low-lying
0:37:10 > 0:37:21coastal towns, with significant human and financial costs. Let's get
0:37:21 > 0:37:25more from a correspondent in Fiji. Thank you for joining us. Tell us
0:37:25 > 0:37:30the situation in Fiji making it the host of these climate change talks.
0:37:30 > 0:37:39How bad is it being felt there?The Fiji government has identified 68
0:37:39 > 0:37:44coastal communities, little villages which need to be relocated. They are
0:37:44 > 0:37:49going to feel the impact of climate change. Four those villages,
0:37:49 > 0:37:53including one we had just been to, they have already been evacuated and
0:37:53 > 0:37:59moved to higher ground. The coastal areas around her, trees, exposed
0:37:59 > 0:38:05roots, it is more the human cost that the Fiji government knows its
0:38:05 > 0:38:10people are feeling.Is Fiji confident that hosting this
0:38:10 > 0:38:13conference is going to give them an opportunity to put their case to
0:38:13 > 0:38:17developed countries? Basically developing countries like Fiji are
0:38:17 > 0:38:27paying the price of the excesses of the developed countries?Yes, indeed
0:38:27 > 0:38:31they are. Also taking not just Fiji's case, but also their Pacific
0:38:31 > 0:38:37island neighbours. Fiji is one of the lucky ones. There are coastal
0:38:37 > 0:38:45communities having to relocate, Kitty Vass does not have the luxury.
0:38:45 > 0:38:52Two, three metres higher. They have nowhere to go to. That is why the
0:38:52 > 0:39:03government has bought five and a half thousand acres of Fijian man.
0:39:03 > 0:39:08They are planning to grow produce on that land. Fiji is hoping that by
0:39:08 > 0:39:12taking their neighbours and their own cases to the world stage, people
0:39:12 > 0:39:19will wake up and realise there are real people affected.Barbara what's
0:39:19 > 0:39:24happening if the predictions are correct? The sea may rise by up to
0:39:24 > 0:39:3018 centimetres by 2030. Does not sound a lot, but a low-lying land,
0:39:30 > 0:39:38that will be quite devastating? Absolutely. Already in the village
0:39:38 > 0:39:41we went to yesterday, which has been abandoned because of rising sea
0:39:41 > 0:39:46levels, what would happen the higher tides will just keep getting higher,
0:39:46 > 0:39:51storm surges would increasingly sweep through the village. Became
0:39:51 > 0:39:58very unsafe for the people there. They had to move. It is no easy
0:39:58 > 0:40:06task. Costing around £300,000 just to move that land. If there is
0:40:06 > 0:40:11another 67 communities that has seen move, that is a big costs. Also it
0:40:11 > 0:40:16is the emotional cost. If you can imagine having to leave behind the
0:40:16 > 0:40:21graves of Iran censors, loved ones, parents. It has been a huge
0:40:21 > 0:40:26emotional ride for the people who have had to be relocated, and there
0:40:26 > 0:40:36are many more to come.Thank you very much. Christian and I tried to
0:40:36 > 0:40:40promote the whole programme from Fiji. Somehow our paymasters decided
0:40:40 > 0:40:44that stretch the budget.
0:40:44 > 0:40:46The 32-year-old Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia is making
0:40:46 > 0:40:49a huge power grab - with the surprise arrests of dozens
0:40:49 > 0:40:52of the most influential figures in the Kingdom this weekend
0:40:52 > 0:40:54and officials say there are more to come.
0:40:54 > 0:40:55Mohammed Bin Salman, rounded up ministers,
0:40:55 > 0:41:01businessmen and 11 of his own Royal cousin.
0:41:01 > 0:41:03The arrests were presented as a crackdown on corruption.
0:41:03 > 0:41:05But to many this looked like the Crown Prince
0:41:05 > 0:41:06consolidating his own position.
0:41:06 > 0:41:08Among those detained, one of the world's richest investors
0:41:08 > 0:41:10Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, and Prince Mutaib bin Abdullah,
0:41:10 > 0:41:12a key rival to the crown prince.
0:41:12 > 0:41:14Frank Gardner has spent years reporting in Saudi
0:41:14 > 0:41:16Arabia is with us.
0:41:16 > 0:41:22What do you think is going on?These are absolutely seismic changes for
0:41:22 > 0:41:27Saudi Arabia. A country not used to sudden and big change, they're
0:41:27 > 0:41:34getting it in the space of 48 hours, a missile attack on Riyadh airport.
0:41:34 > 0:41:37Helicopter crash where Prince 's eye. This extraordinary public
0:41:37 > 0:41:41humiliating round-up of establishment figures. People right
0:41:41 > 0:41:45at the top of Saudi society. They are people who stand in the way the
0:41:45 > 0:41:49Prince 's total mass mentor power for himself. In terms of business,
0:41:49 > 0:41:58the most important person, whose wealth is estimated at $25 billion,
0:41:58 > 0:42:02he is now reportedly being detained in great comfort, it has to be said
0:42:02 > 0:42:07at the Ritz-Carlton hotel in Riyadh, alongside 30 others. The most
0:42:07 > 0:42:13important political figure Prince Abdullah, heading the National Guard
0:42:13 > 0:42:20in Saudi Arabia. The National Guard is almost like a third force. It is
0:42:20 > 0:42:26the praetorian guard, that offends the interest of the ruling family.
0:42:26 > 0:42:30Whoever controls that is really in charge of the internal power base.
0:42:30 > 0:42:34He has basically brought that under his control. He has the whole lot of
0:42:34 > 0:42:39the Army, the Ministry of interior and the National Guard. No one left
0:42:39 > 0:42:43with a power base to challenging. Younger Saudis are welcoming this.
0:42:43 > 0:42:48Fed up with seeing their country's Wealth squandered. Enormous
0:42:51 > 0:42:57disparity is well. There are a number of poor Saudis. The young
0:42:57 > 0:43:01guard see him as the future. The old guard are not happy.I bet they are
0:43:01 > 0:43:06not, even if they are put up at the Ritz-Carlton. I live in Saudi Arabia
0:43:06 > 0:43:12in the 1970s. There were still stories of brothers deposing
0:43:12 > 0:43:16brothers, multiple coups. I guess we thought those days were over. When
0:43:16 > 0:43:20one member of the Royal family tried to grab power in this way. Does this
0:43:20 > 0:43:29suggest it is not?I'm amazed you were alive in the 1970s.You can
0:43:29 > 0:43:37come on any time.Not that kind of come on. In all seriousness, this
0:43:37 > 0:43:42has been described by Bruce Reidel, at the Brookings Institute, the most
0:43:42 > 0:43:47volatile period in Saudi Arabia's is to be in 50 years. King Faisal was
0:43:47 > 0:43:52assassinated in 1975. They have had up evils, the oil shock of the
0:43:52 > 0:44:00invasion of Kuwait. Nothing quite like this. Always been enormous
0:44:00 > 0:44:07respect, a toe curling deference to these unelected super-rich Princes.
0:44:07 > 0:44:12To be taken down publicly like this is really quite unprecedented. As I
0:44:12 > 0:44:16said just now to Christian, there will be people in the old guard
0:44:16 > 0:44:21Conservative people who do not like the direction he is going to. The
0:44:21 > 0:44:24bigger backdrop, President Trump came to Saudi Arabia in May, I cover
0:44:24 > 0:44:30the trip, a huge success. Many Saudis consider he gave the green
0:44:30 > 0:44:34light to Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman to do what he wants. That is
0:44:34 > 0:44:45the view in Saudi Arabia.So interesting.
0:44:50 > 0:44:59The President Trump make progress in his trade trip to Japan.
0:44:59 > 0:45:01A man has been convicted of murdering his toddler
0:45:01 > 0:45:03daughter in Cardiff, just two weeks after
0:45:03 > 0:45:04formally adopting her.
0:45:04 > 0:45:05Matthew Scully-Hicks, who's 31, inflicted numerous injuries
0:45:05 > 0:45:07on 18-month-old Elsie over an eight-month period.
0:45:07 > 0:45:17Here's our Wales Correspondent Sian Lloyd.
0:45:21 > 0:45:39Baby Elsie, Matthew Scully-Hicks found guilty of murder. The fitness
0:45:39 > 0:45:42instructor has been covering up months of abuse to social services
0:45:42 > 0:45:53and key workers. This was the recording of the moment.
0:45:59 > 0:46:02Her injuries included a fractured skull, several broken ribs and a
0:46:02 > 0:46:07broken leg. There was evidence of recent and Oldham bleeding in her
0:46:07 > 0:46:09brain.
0:46:09 > 0:46:15Consistent with having been struck by hard object. The prosecution said
0:46:15 > 0:46:19Matthew Scully-Hicks were struggling to cope with her. In text to his
0:46:19 > 0:46:25husband working your way, he called a psycho, and Satan dressed up to
0:46:25 > 0:46:30baby grow. Matthew Scully-Hicks had applied to a doctor through the Vale
0:46:30 > 0:46:33of Glamorgan Council. He had been abusing the girl while social
0:46:33 > 0:46:38services were supervising the adoption process. The actions of
0:46:38 > 0:46:41social workers, together with the other agencies involved with the
0:46:41 > 0:46:46family will now be scrutinised by an independent review. Matthew
0:46:46 > 0:46:49Scully-Hicks will be brought back to court tomorrow, to be sentenced for
0:46:49 > 0:46:51the murder of his adopted daughter.
0:47:05 > 0:47:06You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:47:06 > 0:47:07Golf,
0:47:07 > 0:47:09burgers and North Korea were on the menu for
0:47:09 > 0:47:11President Trump in Japan today.
0:47:11 > 0:47:13The US President celebrated his strong relationship
0:47:13 > 0:47:15with Prime Minister Abe and pushed for a robust response
0:47:15 > 0:47:16to Pyongyang's nuclear ambitions.
0:47:16 > 0:47:18The two leaders said they would work together to 'stand
0:47:18 > 0:47:27against the North Korean menace'.
0:47:27 > 0:47:32Long ago on a trip to Tokyo, Donald Trump is reported to have called the
0:47:32 > 0:47:35Imperial Palace and the Martyn Day meeting with the Emperor. Today he
0:47:35 > 0:47:44finally got his wish. He also got a much grander welcome Dan is normal,
0:47:44 > 0:47:51for what is not a state visit. In deeper rock courtyard of the Palace,
0:47:51 > 0:47:59he got the full treatment. Prime Minister Scully-Hicks at his side.
0:47:59 > 0:48:06-- Prime Minister Abe by his side. Japan is running at the red carpet,
0:48:06 > 0:48:13showing that the US is their best friend in Asia. It also presents
0:48:13 > 0:48:18nervousness about President Trump's intentions. For one, the US
0:48:18 > 0:48:24president is no fan of imported Japanese cars. Today he told
0:48:24 > 0:48:27business leaders here he would not allow them to continue flooding into
0:48:27 > 0:48:33the United States.Right now, our trade with Japan is not fair, and it
0:48:33 > 0:48:39is not open. I know it will be soon. We won three and reciprocal trade.
0:48:39 > 0:48:43But right now our trade with Japan is not three and it is not
0:48:43 > 0:48:51reciprocal.As they met for lunch, the biggest concern for both leaders
0:48:51 > 0:48:57was North Korea and its missile. Two which recently have flown over
0:48:57 > 0:49:02Japan. Mr Abe was asked if he agreed with President Trump that they
0:49:02 > 0:49:07should start shooting them down. TRANSLATION: As far as shooting down
0:49:07 > 0:49:10missiles, we will shoot them down if necessary. We will coordinate
0:49:10 > 0:49:15closely with the United States.At that President Trump appeared to
0:49:15 > 0:49:22swat away reducing Japan's huge trade surplus with United States.I
0:49:22 > 0:49:27will say, if I can take a piece of the Prime Minister'sanswer. He will
0:49:27 > 0:49:31shoot them out of the sky when you complete the purchase of a lot of
0:49:31 > 0:49:37additional military equipment from the United States. Will easily shoot
0:49:37 > 0:49:42them at the sky.For President Trump this visit has been a success.
0:49:42 > 0:49:47Avoiding any serious gaffes, and in Prime Minister Abe, he has found a
0:49:47 > 0:49:51kindred spirit. He should not expect the same as his next up, in South
0:49:51 > 0:49:54Korea.
0:49:54 > 0:49:57And with me now is Sheila Smith a senior fellow for Japan
0:49:57 > 0:50:01studies at the Council on Foreign Relations.
0:50:01 > 0:50:07First of all explained in relations between Abe and Donald Trump. They
0:50:07 > 0:50:11do not seem like natural bedfellows? You are right. Prime Minister Abe
0:50:11 > 0:50:17may be a mature to President-elect Trump before he was in office. He
0:50:17 > 0:50:22did not know him, never met him. A new phase in American politics. The
0:50:22 > 0:50:26alliance is very important to Japan. Prime Minister Abe has encouraged
0:50:26 > 0:50:34the personal relationship. They have met five times including this visit.
0:50:34 > 0:50:38Speaking on the phone 16 times over the course of the year.What Donald
0:50:38 > 0:50:43Trump seems to be doing is pushing Prime Minister Abe to take more
0:50:43 > 0:50:49robust response to North Korea. If you buy American weaponry you can
0:50:49 > 0:50:56shoot down North Korean missiles. Is he encouraging Japan to be more
0:50:56 > 0:51:02militarised?I think so, he made a comment that China better watch out,
0:51:02 > 0:51:07if they do not cooperate over North Korea they will have a warrior Japan
0:51:07 > 0:51:11to deal with. He's playing with the threat of a more militarised Japan
0:51:11 > 0:51:15to emphasise the Chinese responsibility for the problem. Abe
0:51:15 > 0:51:19wants to buy more capabilities, Japan need them because of the
0:51:19 > 0:51:23missile threat. This is a question that will be a deeply troubling one
0:51:23 > 0:51:28inside Japan. The Japanese people may not appreciate the pace the
0:51:28 > 0:51:32president is encouraging the premise that.A lot of leaders in Europe
0:51:32 > 0:51:35will not see IT why would Donald Trump. Waiting for the time he's not
0:51:35 > 0:51:41there. Is it different for Prime Minister Abe? He watches the United
0:51:41 > 0:51:47States and gets nervous Donald Trump may not be there for the duration?
0:51:47 > 0:51:52Two things are important here. The Japanese, the Liberal Democrats, his
0:51:52 > 0:51:57party are a Conservative Party. There has been a traditional
0:51:57 > 0:52:01sympathy for the Republican Party in the United States. The other piece,
0:52:01 > 0:52:08the personal piece is important. Mr Abe has avoided chastising Mr Trump,
0:52:08 > 0:52:13taking him on in terms of the issues relating to democratic practice.
0:52:13 > 0:52:17What many of the European leaders worry about. On the reverse side
0:52:17 > 0:52:23President Trump has not put the same kind of pressure on Japan he has put
0:52:23 > 0:52:27on the trade front on his European allies. Chancellor angular Merkel,
0:52:27 > 0:52:32or even South Korea. He basically lay down the law in the middle of
0:52:32 > 0:52:35the North Korean crisis, the trade agreement with soul had to be
0:52:35 > 0:52:42renegotiated. He has not done that to Prime Minister Abe. The Prime
0:52:42 > 0:52:48Minister encouraging a more private negotiation on economics.We talked
0:52:48 > 0:52:52before about the misconception that Japan is a pacifist nation. It does
0:52:52 > 0:53:00not want to become a militarised nation. Has the debate changed, and
0:53:00 > 0:53:03they may react differently to shooting down missiles?I think you
0:53:03 > 0:53:08are both right. I am working on a book actually addressing this
0:53:08 > 0:53:14question. Japan has been rearmed for decades. It has one of the most
0:53:14 > 0:53:16professional and competent militaries. Technologically advanced
0:53:16 > 0:53:22militaries in Asia. What is different, the Japanese are hesitant
0:53:22 > 0:53:27about the use of force. The conditions in which they are
0:53:27 > 0:53:31permitted under the current Gaza Jewish and to use force. In the
0:53:31 > 0:53:34public domain there is a very strong consensus that Japan should use
0:53:34 > 0:53:39force only in self-defence. Not for offensive purposes. As Japan's
0:53:39 > 0:53:44neighbours get more lethal in their military capabilities, the Japanese
0:53:44 > 0:53:48will have to think carefully about how this question on the use of
0:53:48 > 0:53:50force affects their posture.
0:54:00 > 0:54:07I know this seems crazy, it is election day in United States again.
0:54:07 > 0:54:13A view races that are important. One of which in Virginia. I will head
0:54:13 > 0:54:16down to Richmond Virginia, the capital, about two hours south of
0:54:16 > 0:54:21Washington, DC. A world away from the nation's capital. Feeling very
0:54:21 > 0:54:27southern. We will report on the Governor's race. A bellwether proxy
0:54:27 > 0:54:31for the bigger debate between Democrats and Republicans. We will
0:54:31 > 0:54:39be in Richmond Virginia. In what sense, a bellwether? Are they voting
0:54:39 > 0:54:45on Trump, all issues closer to home? Virginia has been a swing state, a
0:54:45 > 0:54:51state traditionally Southern. Areas very conservative. A big influx of
0:54:51 > 0:54:58immigrants. Becoming more democratic. This particular race is
0:54:58 > 0:55:02interesting. The Republican candidate has not allowed Donald
0:55:02 > 0:55:07Trump to come and campaign for him. He has adopted a lot of the
0:55:07 > 0:55:15anti-immigrant, more hardline message is, what we may call Donald
0:55:15 > 0:55:20Trump's policy. The Democratic candidate, he has been trying to put
0:55:20 > 0:55:23over Aymore Moreira, classic century, democratic message. The
0:55:23 > 0:55:31question about Virginia, can all of the anti-Trump feeling amongst
0:55:31 > 0:55:35Democrats, the base being riled up, the anger you feel in the resistant
0:55:35 > 0:55:40movement, does it translate into votes and a winning? That is the big
0:55:40 > 0:55:45question in Virginia? Can Democrats feel they can actually win with his
0:55:45 > 0:55:48opposition to Donald Trump? That will be the interesting question.
0:55:48 > 0:55:58Plus Richmond is really nice. Who is coming to keep the company? My son.
0:55:58 > 0:56:00Who is studying. And