0:00:08 > 0:00:11You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:00:11 > 0:00:13A huge earthquake hits Iran and Iraq, killing
0:00:13 > 0:00:16more than 400 people.
0:00:16 > 0:00:186000 more are injured - the vast majority on the Iranian
0:00:18 > 0:00:21side of the border.
0:00:21 > 0:00:23The moment the tremor struck.
0:00:23 > 0:00:28It's the deadliest quake in Iran in more than a decade.
0:00:28 > 0:00:32President Trump is wrapping up his trip to Asia with an embrace
0:00:32 > 0:00:36with some of the world's most controversial strongmen.
0:00:36 > 0:00:40While at home, the Senate majority leader says its time for Roy Moore
0:00:41 > 0:00:42to quit the Alabama Senate race.
0:00:42 > 0:00:44Moore fires back that it's McConnell who should go.
0:00:44 > 0:00:50Also on the programme...
0:00:50 > 0:00:54The UK Government makes a concession on Brexit. Parliament is guaranteed
0:00:54 > 0:00:58a vote on the final deal before the UK leaves the EU.
0:00:58 > 0:01:00His creative genius gave us the Mona Lisa.
0:01:00 > 0:01:02Now a new book explores the life of Leonardo da Vinci -
0:01:02 > 0:01:05who brought art and science together with amazing results.
0:01:05 > 0:01:15Get in touch with us using the hashtag Beyond One Hundred Days
0:01:15 > 0:01:17I'm Katty Kay in Washington.
0:01:17 > 0:01:20Christian Fraser's in London.
0:01:20 > 0:01:22It was 9.20pm on Sunday when the earth
0:01:22 > 0:01:24started to shake.
0:01:24 > 0:01:27A time most people in that northern border region of Iran and Iraq
0:01:27 > 0:01:29would have been at home, perhaps already in bed.
0:01:29 > 0:01:32The tremor was huge - killing more than 400 people,
0:01:32 > 0:01:35a toll that's expected to rise.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38Now they're trying to pull people from under the rubble but the rescue
0:01:38 > 0:01:41operation is being hampered by landslides and power cuts.
0:01:41 > 0:01:45The epicentre of the quake - which measured 7.3 -
0:01:45 > 0:01:48was about 30 kilometres south of Halabja.
0:01:48 > 0:01:51One of the worst hit areas was Sarpol-e Zahab,
0:01:51 > 0:01:52as James Robbins reports.
0:01:52 > 0:01:55The moment the Earth starts shaking violently.
0:01:55 > 0:01:59A man runs for his life from the control room of this dam,
0:01:59 > 0:02:03as massive boulders are hurled around outside.
0:02:03 > 0:02:10The dam wall was not breached but elsewhere devastation.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13In Iran, the border town of Sarpol-e Zahab was hit hardest.
0:02:13 > 0:02:17As entire walls collapsed, many families did manage
0:02:17 > 0:02:23to flee their homes, but others were crushed or buried.
0:02:23 > 0:02:26At a local hospital, there were many stories of narrow escape.
0:02:26 > 0:02:28TRANSLATION:I fell from the balcony down.
0:02:28 > 0:02:36The earthquake was very strong.
0:02:36 > 0:02:38TRANSLATION:The earthquake shattered the window, which fell
0:02:38 > 0:02:40on me and it wounded my hand and my face.
0:02:40 > 0:02:43Rescue has been made more difficult by the mountainous terrain.
0:02:43 > 0:02:47Iranian authorities are pouring resources in but landslides
0:02:47 > 0:02:50and power cuts are slowing both rescue efforts and the task
0:02:50 > 0:02:56of establishing the full extent of casualties.
0:02:56 > 0:03:00This quake was 7.3 in magnitude, and happened in a known danger zone.
0:03:00 > 0:03:06The surface of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates,
0:03:06 > 0:03:09and in this case the Arabian plate has been moving roughly northwards
0:03:09 > 0:03:11against the Eurasian plate at a rate of two centimetres,
0:03:11 > 0:03:13just under an inch a year.
0:03:13 > 0:03:15Forces build up and eventually are very suddenly released
0:03:15 > 0:03:19with devastating effect.
0:03:19 > 0:03:22The destruction in Iran is greater than in neighbouring Iraq,
0:03:22 > 0:03:25where a major rescue operation is also underway.
0:03:25 > 0:03:29The BBC's correspondent is there.
0:03:29 > 0:03:34This area is one of the hardest hit in Iraq by Sunday's earthquake.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37We are told seven people were inside this home when it collapsed.
0:03:37 > 0:03:40Two of them were killed and others were injured.
0:03:40 > 0:03:43Several other buildings suffered similar damage to this one,
0:03:43 > 0:03:47but fortunately they seem to be the exception rather than the rule,
0:03:47 > 0:03:50and most of the other homes in the region managed to withstand
0:03:50 > 0:03:52the impact of the earthquake.
0:03:52 > 0:03:55For the survivors, night-time is the toughest.
0:03:55 > 0:03:59In rapidly falling temperatures, families are huddled around fires.
0:03:59 > 0:04:01Even where buildings are intact, fear of after-shocks
0:04:01 > 0:04:05will keep people outdoors.
0:04:05 > 0:04:14James Robbins, BBC News.
0:04:14 > 0:04:17Spare a thought for the families caught in the aftermath of the
0:04:17 > 0:04:18earthquake tonight.
0:04:18 > 0:04:20The President of the Philippines compares himself to Hitler,
0:04:20 > 0:04:23and states publicly he would like to slaughter three million drug
0:04:23 > 0:04:24users in his country.
0:04:24 > 0:04:26Which makes the sight of Donald Trump sitting and smiling
0:04:26 > 0:04:29next to him quite incongruous.
0:04:29 > 0:04:31It certainly gives Rodrigo Duterte a certain stature at home.
0:04:31 > 0:04:36The two met on the last leg of Mr Trump's Asia trip.
0:04:36 > 0:04:38During which Mr Trump faced some uncomfortable questions -
0:04:38 > 0:04:41about his relationship with Vladimir Putin -
0:04:41 > 0:04:44en route to the Philippines he told reporters that the Russian President
0:04:44 > 0:04:49had assured him he, "Absolutely did not meddle
0:04:49 > 0:04:52in our election, he did not do what they are saying he did.
0:04:52 > 0:04:57"Every time he sees me he says I didn't do that.
0:04:57 > 0:05:00And I believe - I really believe - that when he tells me
0:05:00 > 0:05:03that, he means it."
0:05:03 > 0:05:05At the same time Mr Trump criticised several former top US
0:05:05 > 0:05:09intelligence officials - saying they were political hacks.
0:05:09 > 0:05:13Even for Mr Trump, appearing to give President Putin more credence
0:05:13 > 0:05:15than US agencies is a problem, so it's little surprise
0:05:15 > 0:05:19that he was forced to quickly qualify his comments.
0:05:19 > 0:05:23What I said, I'm surprised there is any conflict on this.
0:05:23 > 0:05:27What I said there is I believe he believes that amount is very
0:05:27 > 0:05:31What I said there is I believe he believes that and it is very
0:05:31 > 0:05:32important for somebody to believe.
0:05:32 > 0:05:35I believe that he feels that he and Russia did not
0:05:35 > 0:05:36meddle in the election.
0:05:36 > 0:05:39As to whether I believe it or not, I'm with our agencies,
0:05:39 > 0:05:40especially as currently constituted with their leadership.
0:05:40 > 0:05:41Confused?
0:05:41 > 0:05:43Well, it's not entirely clear what the President believes.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46But one of the former US intelligence chiefs who Mr Trump
0:05:46 > 0:05:50dismissed is quite clear about what he thinks is going on.
0:05:50 > 0:05:56It demonstrates to Mr Putin that Donald Trump can be played by
0:05:56 > 0:06:00foreign leaders, who are going to appeal to his ego and to try to play
0:06:00 > 0:06:02upon his insecurities, which is very, very
0:06:02 > 0:06:06worrisome from a national security standpoint.
0:06:06 > 0:06:09For more on the President's trip we can turn to Bill Richardson
0:06:09 > 0:06:12who formerly served as US Ambassador to the UN and joins us today
0:06:12 > 0:06:19from Santa Fe, New Mexico.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24Do you agree with Mr Brennan when he says he thinks Mr Trump can be
0:06:24 > 0:06:33played and foreign leaders know that?Yes, I agree with Director
0:06:33 > 0:06:38Brennan Amber two other directors that are career officers, they are
0:06:38 > 0:06:41intelligence officers, not political hacks, which is what the president
0:06:41 > 0:06:47called them. It is clear the president sided with Vladimir Putin,
0:06:47 > 0:06:52just Putin saying I was not involved, I did not meddle, against
0:06:52 > 0:06:57a billions of dollars we spend on intelligence and conclusive proof
0:06:57 > 0:07:03there was Russian meddling. This is disturbing. Cabinet level officers
0:07:03 > 0:07:08being dismissed by the president of the United States.For the record,
0:07:08 > 0:07:12you are a Democrat and served a Democratic president but how unusual
0:07:12 > 0:07:19is it for an American president to appear to give more credibility to a
0:07:19 > 0:07:24foreign adversary than his own intelligence services?It is
0:07:24 > 0:07:28nonexistent. I do not think it has happened before. I have been around
0:07:28 > 0:07:34a long time and do not recall Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Barack
0:07:34 > 0:07:44Obama, President Clinton, the two Bushes questioning the intelligence
0:07:44 > 0:07:49community. Yes questioning them on conclusions but not at the expense
0:07:49 > 0:07:54of a country many consider not just a strategic competitor, but in
0:07:54 > 0:08:01occasional areas Russia is our enemy. We have vast differences on
0:08:01 > 0:08:06Iran, Syria and vast differences on Ukraine, or many fundamental issues,
0:08:06 > 0:08:12arms control, right now. This is not just unusual, it has never happened.
0:08:12 > 0:08:17That is what is disturbing. You will have spent time at the UN talking
0:08:17 > 0:08:22about North Korea and we were told ahead of the trip north Korea was
0:08:22 > 0:08:26the priority for the president so how do you square rich with the idea
0:08:26 > 0:08:30he wants to bring them back to the table with this to eat over the
0:08:30 > 0:08:37weekend? He says the North Korean leader keeps calling him old. He
0:08:37 > 0:08:43says that, I would never call him short and fat. He says...
0:08:48 > 0:08:52How will that insulting tweet bring North Korea back to the table?It is
0:08:52 > 0:08:58not. North Korea, I have dealt with them many years and been there eight
0:08:58 > 0:09:03times and personal insults, they react negatively. They are a country
0:09:03 > 0:09:07like many Asians who want to save face and personal relationships are
0:09:07 > 0:09:11important. I do not like the president of the United States
0:09:11 > 0:09:15insulted and he has been insulted by the North Koreans, though
0:09:15 > 0:09:21questioning whether saying you are old as an insult... I am old. My
0:09:21 > 0:09:29worry is that he had a reasonably good effort on North Korea on this
0:09:29 > 0:09:33trip. He was uniting countries against North Korea and he has
0:09:33 > 0:09:36patched up a little bit the relationship with South Korea and
0:09:36 > 0:09:42with Japan it is good. China did not work. China is not willing to put
0:09:42 > 0:09:52maximum pressure on North Korea, although they have a bit. This Tweet
0:09:52 > 0:09:57makes everything fall apart at the end. It is like no progress has been
0:09:57 > 0:09:59made in a potential diplomatic solution, which I think is the only
0:09:59 > 0:10:07way out on this.OK, Ambassador, thank you. Always good to see you.
0:10:07 > 0:10:12There has been a lot of business done on the trip but do you think in
0:10:12 > 0:10:17the process of what is it, 12 days on the trip, he has done anything to
0:10:17 > 0:10:23enhance America's role in Southeast Asia?
0:10:23 > 0:10:27It was interesting, Christian, I was getting in touch with Asia experts
0:10:27 > 0:10:34and they said at the moment we are talking about the Tweet and the old
0:10:34 > 0:10:37and the fat and shorten fat and Vladimir Putin but historians will
0:10:37 > 0:10:43look back at this trip to Asia, the longest and a quarter of a sentry by
0:10:43 > 0:10:46an American president and see something different, they will see
0:10:46 > 0:10:51it as a shift, the moment America did not go to Asia and act as a
0:10:51 > 0:11:02world leader and it was president she -- president Xi. It is not clear
0:11:02 > 0:11:07what America got out of this trip and if you had to say who was the
0:11:07 > 0:11:13most important player over the 12 days, it was not Washington, it was
0:11:13 > 0:11:19Beijing and other countries in Asia are looking to Beijing. Not so much
0:11:19 > 0:11:22looking to the United States and that is a big shift.
0:11:22 > 0:11:28How often on this programme do we talk about photo opportunities that
0:11:28 > 0:11:33go wrong that these big events? This is the Asia conference in the
0:11:33 > 0:11:38Philippines. They start... They are standing not knowing what is going
0:11:38 > 0:11:42on and then they have the crossover handshake. I have sympathy with a
0:11:42 > 0:11:47president here, but then I look and see what has gone wrong. A schoolboy
0:11:47 > 0:11:52error. He is standing too close to the neighbour on the right and then
0:11:52 > 0:11:58you have to reach over. A schoolboy error. Look at that. The grimmest
0:11:58 > 0:12:09tells you he knows it, as well. Yes, stand in the middle -- the grimace
0:12:09 > 0:12:13tells you. And next are taller people. You have to get tactics
0:12:13 > 0:12:17right in a crossover handshake! The moment I saw the photograph I
0:12:17 > 0:12:19knew you would bring it up on the programme.
0:12:19 > 0:12:23Ever since the Brexit vote, MPs on all sides of the Commons have
0:12:23 > 0:12:24been demanding a vote on the final agreement.
0:12:24 > 0:12:28Today the government appears to have offered a major concession.
0:12:28 > 0:12:31The Brexit Secretary David Davis says a vote on the deal
0:12:31 > 0:12:33will be guaranteed by a new piece of legislation.
0:12:33 > 0:12:34Labour has called it a climbdown.
0:12:34 > 0:12:37Leila Nathoo joins us now from Westminster.
0:12:38 > 0:12:46I suppose it comes down to what constitutes a meaningful vote and
0:12:46 > 0:12:51piece of legislation.There has been much debate over the term meaningful
0:12:51 > 0:12:56and the opposition, Labour, calling for a meaningful vote for sometime
0:12:56 > 0:13:00but the government had always promised there would be some
0:13:00 > 0:13:04Parliamentary say on the final Brexit deal, there would be a moment
0:13:04 > 0:13:09after the deal was agreed between the UK and Brussels where Parliament
0:13:09 > 0:13:14can have its say. That vote would always be a kind of seal of approval
0:13:14 > 0:13:18or rejection and if it was rejected, it was not clear what would happen
0:13:18 > 0:13:23because there was no facility the government said to sense the UK
0:13:23 > 0:13:27Government back to the negotiating table. Now, the government have
0:13:27 > 0:13:32offered another vote over and above the initial vote in principle, to
0:13:32 > 0:13:40say there is going to be a piece of legislation that can be scrutinised,
0:13:40 > 0:13:46including all the terms of the deal, so EU citizens' right, the financial
0:13:46 > 0:13:51settlement, the transitional period, that Parliaments, the Commons and
0:13:51 > 0:13:55the Lords, can scrutinise but not answer still on what would happen if
0:13:55 > 0:14:00Parliament rejected the deal. They would be no opportunity to really
0:14:00 > 0:14:04send back Theresa May, David Davis to the negotiating table in Brussels
0:14:04 > 0:14:08and so the risk is anyone voting against the deal at that time would
0:14:08 > 0:14:15affect of the vote for no deal. Can I ask the question a lot of
0:14:15 > 0:14:20viewers would ask that is in the end, does this vote mean there is a
0:14:20 > 0:14:24chance the result of the Brexit referendum could be reversed?It
0:14:24 > 0:14:30does not sound like it. No. The government has been cleared it is
0:14:30 > 0:14:38not a vehicle, mechanism to try to stop Brexit. What it is is an
0:14:38 > 0:14:44overture to Conservative backbenchers, who are uneasy about
0:14:44 > 0:14:49certain parts of Brexit, about the process. There is a piece of
0:14:49 > 0:14:54legislation going through Parliament now which MPs are using to try to
0:14:54 > 0:14:58tinker with the process of Brexit, with the government approach. This
0:14:58 > 0:15:01offer of more legislation down the line, the final say over the
0:15:01 > 0:15:08agreement is a gesture, to get the potential rebels on side, who had
0:15:08 > 0:15:12been demanding there would be a separate piece of legislation, among
0:15:12 > 0:15:18other things. I do not think this is opening the door to Brexit not
0:15:18 > 0:15:22happening and it certainly does not look like the end of the story in
0:15:22 > 0:15:24terms of Parliamentary arguments over how Brexit take shape.Thank
0:15:24 > 0:15:43you. Tensions in the Cabinet 's surface this weekend with a letter.
0:15:43 > 0:15:46It was leaked from within number 10 urged the Prime Minister
0:15:46 > 0:15:48to remain faithful to the referendum vote.
0:15:48 > 0:15:50The letter published this weekend called on Mrs May to act
0:15:50 > 0:15:53with pragmatism without diluting the ambition of the UK to be
0:15:53 > 0:15:55a "fully independent self-governing country by the time of the next
0:15:56 > 0:15:56election".
0:15:56 > 0:15:58The letter goes on...
0:15:58 > 0:16:00"We are profoundly worried that in some parts of government
0:16:00 > 0:16:02the current preparations are not proceeding with anything
0:16:02 > 0:16:03like sufficient energy.
0:16:03 > 0:16:06We have heard it argued by some that we cannot start preparations
0:16:06 > 0:16:09on the basis of no deal - a not too subtle dig
0:16:09 > 0:16:10at the Chancellor Phillip Hammond.
0:16:10 > 0:16:11And it finishes...
0:16:11 > 0:16:14We all want you to push your agenda forward with confidence.
0:16:14 > 0:16:16It's now reported that 40 MPs from Theresa May's own party
0:16:16 > 0:16:19are ready to sign a letter of no confidence in her leadership.
0:16:19 > 0:16:21Only 48 would be needed to trigger a vote.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24And so earlier today, I talked to Graham Brady -
0:16:24 > 0:16:26chairman of the powerful 1922 Committee of Tory backbenchers -
0:16:26 > 0:16:29whose job it would be to deliver that letter of no confidence
0:16:29 > 0:16:33were it written.
0:16:33 > 0:16:38The claim that there are 40 colleagues ready to call
0:16:38 > 0:16:41for a no confidence vote, wasn't, as far as I could tell,
0:16:41 > 0:16:42supported by any source
0:16:42 > 0:16:45that was quoted, so I would treat it with considerable caution,
0:16:45 > 0:16:50but in terms of the process, if we were ever to reach a point
0:16:50 > 0:16:54where 15% of the parliamentary Conservative Party, currently 48
0:16:54 > 0:16:56Members of Parliament, wrote to me asking for a confidence
0:16:56 > 0:17:02vote to be held, it would be incumbent upon me to arrange such
0:17:02 > 0:17:04a vote as soon as could be reasonably managed.
0:17:04 > 0:17:08The other letter that was in the newspapers this weekend
0:17:08 > 0:17:11was from Boris Johnson and Michael Gove, which we are led
0:17:11 > 0:17:15to believe was then trying to direct the Prime Minister towards a hard
0:17:15 > 0:17:18Brexit, or that was the way it was interpreted.
0:17:18 > 0:17:21Could it also be seen another way, that they felt it necessary to write
0:17:21 > 0:17:25a letter asking her to lead?
0:17:25 > 0:17:27I would say in that regard there is nothing unusual in Cabinet
0:17:27 > 0:17:32ministers sending memos to the Prime Minister.
0:17:32 > 0:17:35This is part of the normal flow of business within government.
0:17:35 > 0:17:38What should not happen is for such a confidential memo to be put
0:17:38 > 0:17:42in the public domain.
0:17:42 > 0:17:44I do not think that was done by the Prime Minister,
0:17:44 > 0:17:47I do not think it was done by the Foreign Secretary
0:17:47 > 0:17:51or Mr Gove, either.
0:17:51 > 0:17:58So I think clearly somebody has leaked a piece of private
0:17:58 > 0:18:00correspondence in order to create mischief.
0:18:00 > 0:18:03But if she was leading and in leading had chosen a cabinet
0:18:03 > 0:18:06that was cohesive are not divided over the aims of Brexit,
0:18:06 > 0:18:09then first of all Boris Johnson and Michael Gove would not have seen
0:18:09 > 0:18:11reason to send the letter and secondly it wouldn't be leaked
0:18:11 > 0:18:19by someone within number 10, presumably trying to undermine them.
0:18:19 > 0:18:24Ultimately the Prime Minister leads the government and she set that
0:18:24 > 0:18:26clear vision of an outward looking, free trading Britain that engages
0:18:26 > 0:18:28closely with our European friends.
0:18:28 > 0:18:31When you look at this cabinet, two resignations in little over a week.
0:18:31 > 0:18:33Damien Green, the Deputy Prime Minister, still under investigation,
0:18:33 > 0:18:35and Boris Johnson under pressure for his comments about
0:18:36 > 0:18:38Nazanin Zaghair-Ratcliffe.
0:18:38 > 0:18:41There are lots of people who say, why doesn't the Prime Minister
0:18:41 > 0:18:43lead from the front, clear out the cabinet
0:18:43 > 0:18:48and have a new start?
0:18:48 > 0:18:52I would like to have a quiet couple of weeks in British politics.
0:18:52 > 0:18:55It would make a welcome change at the moment.
0:18:55 > 0:18:58There have been a lot of things that have happened over recent weeks,
0:18:58 > 0:19:04many of them completely unexpected, things which are not
0:19:04 > 0:19:06within the power of this Prime Minister or any
0:19:07 > 0:19:12Prime Minister to control.
0:19:12 > 0:19:16It would be a bad time in my view, when you have had some necessary
0:19:16 > 0:19:22changes that have been forced by events, it would be a bad time
0:19:22 > 0:19:25to just plunge into still greater, more far reaching changes.
0:19:25 > 0:19:28Would you agree it is good always to have a Foreign Secretary
0:19:28 > 0:19:29who reads his briefs?
0:19:29 > 0:19:34Of course, but Boris Johnson is somebody who is immensely able,
0:19:34 > 0:19:38who has a great personality, projects to lots of people
0:19:38 > 0:19:40and I'm sure has projected to a lot of people around
0:19:40 > 0:19:45the world, as well.
0:19:45 > 0:19:54I don't think he would say that episode was the finest moment.
0:19:54 > 0:19:58Christian, I told you I was in England visiting family and I read
0:19:58 > 0:20:02the papers and came away confused about the status of Boris Johnson
0:20:02 > 0:20:08because last week we spoke about the mess up he made about Iran and he
0:20:08 > 0:20:12has apologised, if he said anything that put in jeopardy the British
0:20:12 > 0:20:17prisoner in Iran. And yet, he is issuing what seems to be an
0:20:17 > 0:20:22ultimatum to the Prime Minister. Are the fortunes of the Foreign
0:20:22 > 0:20:25Secretary up or down? I think they are down today because
0:20:25 > 0:20:34he has been forced into an apology of sorts in the Commons.
0:20:34 > 0:20:37How does he think he has the power to issue ultimatums to the Prime
0:20:37 > 0:20:40Minister? Probably he and Michael Gove, since they campaigned hard for
0:20:40 > 0:20:44Brexit, it is incumbent on them to make the argument for the Brexit
0:20:44 > 0:20:50side and if it goes downhill it reflects badly on them and
0:20:50 > 0:20:54presumably their future in Cabinet are linked to that and there are
0:20:54 > 0:20:58people who feel the Prime Minister has not grasped the nettle and is
0:20:58 > 0:21:02trying to keep all sides in the Cabinet together and at the expense
0:21:02 > 0:21:05of the negotiations so that might be the reason they wrote the letter
0:21:05 > 0:21:09that the fact it was leaked from number 10, presumably by somebody
0:21:09 > 0:21:14who wanted to undermine them proves how divisive it is the divisions
0:21:14 > 0:21:20that are within Canada. Almost -- within the Cabinet.
0:21:20 > 0:21:23Global carbon dioxide emissions are projected to rise
0:21:23 > 0:21:26for the first time in four years.
0:21:26 > 0:21:28Scientists at a United Nations climate conference in Germany say
0:21:28 > 0:21:31the main cause of the expected growth has been greater use of coal
0:21:31 > 0:21:33in China as its economy expanded.
0:21:33 > 0:21:36They're warning that levels of CO2 need to be reduced before 2020
0:21:36 > 0:21:38if we are to limit dangerous global warming this century.
0:21:38 > 0:21:43Here's our science editor David Shukman.
0:21:43 > 0:21:46For more than a week now, the people of Delhi have
0:21:46 > 0:21:48been suffering in air that has become toxic.
0:21:48 > 0:21:49Smog created by countless engines burning fossil
0:21:49 > 0:21:53fuels, including coal.
0:21:53 > 0:21:55Coal is one of the biggest sources of pollution worldwide.
0:21:55 > 0:22:01Power stations such as this one in Poland belch out gases
0:22:01 > 0:22:03including carbon dioxide, and despite promises to clean up,
0:22:03 > 0:22:07emissions are actually increasing.
0:22:07 > 0:22:10For countries in the path of devastating hurricanes,
0:22:10 > 0:22:12like the ones that struck the Caribbean earlier this year,
0:22:12 > 0:22:17this is depressing.
0:22:17 > 0:22:21Because global warming may bring more extreme weather.
0:22:21 > 0:22:24And it seems to them that little is being done to stop it.
0:22:24 > 0:22:26This is very worrying for us.
0:22:26 > 0:22:29I would hate to say that it sounds a death knell,
0:22:29 > 0:22:32but it translates into that, given this summer we have had such
0:22:32 > 0:22:33an active hurricane season.
0:22:33 > 0:22:36We know what Irma and Maria did to the region.
0:22:36 > 0:22:39This new research finds that more and more carbon dioxide
0:22:39 > 0:22:41is being released from power stations, factories and different
0:22:41 > 0:22:43forms of transport.
0:22:43 > 0:22:48And this matters because the gas traps heat in the atmosphere.
0:22:48 > 0:22:50This graph shows how emissions of carbon dioxide have risen over
0:22:50 > 0:22:53almost three decades.
0:22:53 > 0:22:56In the last few years, they have been levelling off,
0:22:56 > 0:22:58which was seen as a positive sign.
0:22:58 > 0:23:02But this year, there has suddenly been an increase of 2%.
0:23:02 > 0:23:06So what is happening and who is to blame around the world?
0:23:06 > 0:23:09In America, emissions of carbon dioxide have fallen slightly
0:23:09 > 0:23:11and that is despite President Trump wanting to leave
0:23:11 > 0:23:13the Paris agreement.
0:23:13 > 0:23:14In Europe,
0:23:14 > 0:23:17they are on course to be down as well.
0:23:17 > 0:23:19But in China they are up, as the economy picks up
0:23:19 > 0:23:22and more coal is burned.
0:23:22 > 0:23:24Climate scientists say it is vital that less coal is used
0:23:24 > 0:23:27if we are to have any chance of heading off the worst
0:23:27 > 0:23:29of global warming.
0:23:29 > 0:23:34But President Trump is promoting the coal industry and he wants
0:23:34 > 0:23:36America to help other countries to use it.
0:23:36 > 0:23:42There are countries that have said that coal is going to be
0:23:42 > 0:23:45part of our energy mix for the foreseeable future, many
0:23:45 > 0:23:46in Asia and some in Africa as well.
0:23:46 > 0:23:50And they have been clear that because coal is going to be part
0:23:50 > 0:23:52of their energy mix in the future, they want support for
0:23:52 > 0:23:55cleaner coal technology.
0:23:55 > 0:23:58There is now a battle over a fuel that many economies rely on.
0:23:58 > 0:24:00There are plans to make coal cleaner, to use it
0:24:00 > 0:24:05without releasing carbon dioxide.
0:24:05 > 0:24:09But this is not much of a reality so far and, in the meantime,
0:24:09 > 0:24:11there are warnings that emissions need to fall rapidly,
0:24:11 > 0:24:21not rise, as they are now.
0:24:22 > 0:24:27Donald Trump only sent a fledgling group to the climate conference in
0:24:27 > 0:24:31Germany, smaller than they would normally send, but there has been
0:24:31 > 0:24:34representation from the White House about clean coal, a cleaner fossil
0:24:34 > 0:24:41fuel that they say must be part of the global warming solution. But it
0:24:41 > 0:24:46was interrupted. We have pictures of protesters who went to the
0:24:46 > 0:24:56presentation. I understand it was quite noisy. Let's have a look.Oil,
0:24:56 > 0:25:1234, natural gas, 35.SINGING. I was told noisy, not tuneful.
0:25:12 > 0:25:18That is quite a protest. And quite coordinated. You think nothing is
0:25:18 > 0:25:22going to happen and suddenly the room stands up. There are people who
0:25:22 > 0:25:27are mayors, people from states represented, but the White House in
0:25:27 > 0:25:35particular sent a smaller group and looks -- look at what happened when
0:25:35 > 0:25:41they did try to make a presentation. A roomful of protesters. They will
0:25:41 > 0:25:45have to vet the invitations.
0:25:45 > 0:25:49This is Beyond 100 Days from the BBC.
0:25:49 > 0:25:52Coming up for viewers on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News -
0:25:52 > 0:25:54the warning from European business leaders to the British Prime
0:25:54 > 0:25:58Minister - what they say is at stake if progress isn't made on reaching
0:25:58 > 0:25:59a deal, and fast.
0:25:59 > 0:26:01And what does the Last Supper tell us about Davinci?
0:26:01 > 0:26:05We speak to the author who's just written about the life
0:26:05 > 0:26:06of Leonardo.
0:26:06 > 0:26:07That's still to come.
0:26:07 > 0:26:10That's still to come.
0:26:10 > 0:26:17It is being cold across the UK with frost around and mountain snow. A
0:26:17 > 0:26:22nice picture from the Highlands. Tomorrow, a little milder will stop
0:26:22 > 0:26:27not a lot. Some of us will have a cold start to the day but overall,
0:26:27 > 0:26:35what will happen is cold air sitting on top of us will be pushed away and
0:26:35 > 0:26:39milder and Atlantic air will come in. There is a lot of cloud,
0:26:39 > 0:26:44outbreaks of rain across the North. In the south this coming night,
0:26:44 > 0:26:52relatively dry and temperatures dipping down to single figures. In
0:26:52 > 0:26:56Scotland in the morning, we are expecting sunshine and this is where
0:26:56 > 0:27:00the best of the weather will be on Tuesday, certainly from the lowlands
0:27:00 > 0:27:09northwards. Colder in the Glens. The central part of the UK, where we
0:27:09 > 0:27:13have a weather front, cloud and the light outbreaks of rain, around 10
0:27:13 > 0:27:18degrees. In the south, perhaps brightness first thing but overall,
0:27:18 > 0:27:25it will be a pretty grey day across England, Wales and to an extent
0:27:25 > 0:27:31Northern Ireland. The weather front across the UK during Tuesday. A fair
0:27:31 > 0:27:35bit of cloud, apart from Scotland and maybe the far north of England.
0:27:35 > 0:27:39I expect Newcastle will have sunshine. Temperatures a little bit
0:27:39 > 0:27:44higher than the last few days when they have been into single figures
0:27:44 > 0:27:50across the country. Tuesday night, we are in for a foggy night.
0:27:50 > 0:27:54Potentially. The early hours of Wednesday could be murky with
0:27:54 > 0:27:59reduced visibility almost anywhere across the UK. Particularly across
0:27:59 > 0:28:05the southern half of the country. Mr and Fogg could be a problem for
0:28:05 > 0:28:13early-morning commuters on Wednesday and fog might linger.
0:28:18 > 0:28:26We are holding on to temperatures of 12-13d. On Thursday, rain in western
0:28:26 > 0:28:29areas and in the south, temperatures getting up to 13 degrees.
0:30:08 > 0:30:11This is Beyond One Hundred Days, with me, Katty Kay in Washington.
0:30:11 > 0:30:17Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:17 > 0:30:19Our top stories:
0:30:19 > 0:30:21More than 400 people are dead and thousands injured
0:30:21 > 0:30:23after a powerful earthquake strikes near the border
0:30:23 > 0:30:33between Iran and Iraq.
0:30:33 > 0:30:36Coming up in the next half hour: Roy Moore should quit
0:30:36 > 0:30:38the Alabama Senate race - that's the call of Senate Majority
0:30:38 > 0:30:48leader Mitch McConnell after allegations of sexual misconduct.
0:30:49 > 0:30:52The Church of England says kids should be able to wear what they
0:30:52 > 0:30:54want without judgment.
0:30:54 > 0:30:56Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag
0:30:56 > 0:31:06Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:31:09 > 0:31:11As time passes with no concrete progress in
0:31:11 > 0:31:13the Brexit negotiations - yet, business leaders appear to be
0:31:13 > 0:31:15getting more and more nervous.
0:31:15 > 0:31:17The tensions in Theresa May's government are intensifying this
0:31:17 > 0:31:20week ahead of a vital vote on the Brexit Bill, and after two
0:31:20 > 0:31:23of her cabinet ministers - Boris Johnson and Michael Gove -
0:31:23 > 0:31:26sent her a forthright letter demanding that she shape up a bit
0:31:26 > 0:31:27when it somes to Brexit.
0:31:27 > 0:31:30They've called for a transitional deal that preserves the status quo,
0:31:30 > 0:31:32after Britain leaves the EU in March 2019.
0:31:32 > 0:31:34I am joined in the studio by Miriam Gonzalez, a lawyer
0:31:34 > 0:31:39and former EU trade negotiator.
0:31:39 > 0:31:43The major complaint from business leaders is that they want more
0:31:43 > 0:31:50certainty and clarity in the next few weeks, but the point is this
0:31:50 > 0:31:55still got to go to a vote in the EU Parliament, 27 countries have to
0:31:55 > 0:31:58agree, there has to be agreement in the UK Parliament. Should you not
0:31:58 > 0:32:04just robbed prepare for the worst and hope for the best?Preparing for
0:32:04 > 0:32:10the worst is always a good thing. In terms of hoping for the best, the
0:32:10 > 0:32:13businesspeople want the government to do something which is more than
0:32:13 > 0:32:20just hoping and it does its real technical negotiating homework. They
0:32:20 > 0:32:25are asking for two things, one of them is certainty and clarity. The
0:32:25 > 0:32:31other thing they are asking for is more energy, more progress. Very
0:32:31 > 0:32:36little has happened in one year, and they just want to see more
0:32:36 > 0:32:39indication from the government of what it is exactly they will be
0:32:39 > 0:32:46asking for.I say the worst-case scenario. That be how remained
0:32:46 > 0:32:51sealed. Brexiteers might say, if we walk and there is no deal, that is
0:32:51 > 0:32:56the best scenario. Listen to Sir James Dyson, who was speaking to the
0:32:56 > 0:33:01BBC this weekend. He says going to the WTO rules and walking away from
0:33:01 > 0:33:06Europe might be a good thing.80% is percent of our growth are stewards
0:33:06 > 0:33:11outside the EU. But we have already fallen off a cliff as company
0:33:11 > 0:33:18because we already pay a tariff into Europe. Yet we are one of the
0:33:18 > 0:33:22fastest-growing companies in Europe. One of the fastest-growing
0:33:22 > 0:33:29manufacturing companies in Europe outside the EU, the single market,
0:33:29 > 0:33:33the customs union, trading under WTO rules.That is very much a minority
0:33:33 > 0:33:38view and not the view of most of businesspeople who are represented
0:33:38 > 0:33:45at the meeting with the Prime Minister today. It makes the news
0:33:45 > 0:33:50when he says something like that! I do not think this is a matter of
0:33:50 > 0:33:55confidence. Royals will be very different and so were tariffs. It is
0:33:55 > 0:34:00very easy to calculate company by company what the difference between
0:34:00 > 0:34:03operating within the single market and the customs union is an
0:34:03 > 0:34:08operating not only outside that but operating with WTO only rules.
0:34:08 > 0:34:12Everyone can calculate that and that is why many businesses are anxious.
0:34:12 > 0:34:20The level of anxiety has risen a lot over the last few weeks. That is
0:34:20 > 0:34:24taking into account the biggest issue we still have on the table,
0:34:24 > 0:34:28which is the transition period. There is a lot of misunderstanding
0:34:28 > 0:34:35as to what the transition period is. Businesses calling for a standstill.
0:34:35 > 0:34:41But the government has put on the table is not a standstill. It is the
0:34:41 > 0:34:48wind down process that is within Article 50 which is very different
0:34:48 > 0:34:55to a standstill. Business needs to understand is a bag gap.We keep
0:34:55 > 0:34:58hearing Europe has moved on from the whole Brexit process, they are not
0:34:58 > 0:35:04thinking about Britain any more. To what extent is that not the case for
0:35:04 > 0:35:09European businesses? The genuinely concerned at the moment?European
0:35:09 > 0:35:12businesses and politicians would all hope to have an agreement with the
0:35:12 > 0:35:18UK. They did want any of this! This has happened to them, and they are
0:35:18 > 0:35:23simply reacting to what has happened in the UK. There is will to try to
0:35:23 > 0:35:31get to an agreement, but the ball is in the UK Government's court. We
0:35:31 > 0:35:36just need to know what the UK Government once.So what are the
0:35:36 > 0:35:39chances of turning this from what some business leaders are calling a
0:35:39 > 0:35:44lose lose into a win-win for both sides?The very first thing we need
0:35:44 > 0:35:50is to understand exactly what the plan is, what the trade framework is
0:35:50 > 0:35:53that the government wants to put on the table for negotiations, and that
0:35:53 > 0:35:59is the very first step. We still do not know. More than one year after
0:35:59 > 0:36:03the Brexit referendum, we still do not know exactly what type of
0:36:03 > 0:36:07agreement the UK Government once. Once they put that on the table,
0:36:07 > 0:36:10negotiations can start, and I am sure it would be with goodwill.
0:36:10 > 0:36:15Everybody has to lose if we do not have an agreement.Thank you very
0:36:15 > 0:36:19much for coming, do come back and talk to us more. There will be
0:36:19 > 0:36:22plenty to talk about! Here is something I do not understand.
0:36:22 > 0:36:35Businesses say they want clarity but in this instance, even if they get
0:36:35 > 0:36:37clarity from London and the British side, the then still have to go
0:36:37 > 0:36:39through the whole European side where you've got 27 countries
0:36:39 > 0:36:42involved, and that could still be changed, potentially.That was the
0:36:42 > 0:36:44experience of the Canadians. They negotiated for many years to get
0:36:44 > 0:36:47this deal. It is not the sort of deal the UK has now within the
0:36:47 > 0:36:53single market and Customs union, but when that went to the vote of the 27
0:36:53 > 0:36:56countries, I think Belgium voted against it, the smallest part of the
0:36:56 > 0:37:01European Union. You have to face facts are that, when this goes
0:37:01 > 0:37:04through the process in October if they get there and as soon as
0:37:04 > 0:37:09October, there may be some countries who do not like the deal, and there
0:37:09 > 0:37:11will certainly be dissenting voices within the European Parliament, and
0:37:11 > 0:37:23both have to agree to it.Let's not look other news now. Boris Johnson
0:37:23 > 0:37:27has said the MPs that Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe had been training
0:37:27 > 0:37:32journalists but now the government admits she was visiting family and
0:37:32 > 0:37:49has called on Iraq to release on humanitarian grounds.
0:37:49 > 0:37:51Today marks two years since the terrorist attacks
0:37:51 > 0:37:53by Islamist militants in Paris, in which 130 people
0:37:53 > 0:37:54lost their lives.
0:37:54 > 0:37:56The French President Emmanuel Macron heard tributes at each site.
0:37:56 > 0:37:59His visit took him to Bataclan nightclub, where 89 people
0:37:59 > 0:38:01were killed when gunmen stormed a rock concert just after the Eagles
0:38:02 > 0:38:03of Death Metal had begun performing.
0:38:03 > 0:38:06The band returned to Paris to take part in today's commemoration.
0:38:06 > 0:38:08The solution for Catalonia may be something for other than
0:38:08 > 0:38:09independence. The Spanish Prime Minister has been campaigning. He
0:38:09 > 0:38:12says regional elections next month will help end what he called the
0:38:12 > 0:38:16havoc. Bob Geldof says he is handing back the freedom of the city in
0:38:16 > 0:38:22Dublin because the same honour was given to Aung San Suu Kyi. The Irish
0:38:22 > 0:38:26musician and humanitarian activist described the treatment of the
0:38:26 > 0:38:38revenger Muslims matter ethnic cleansing.
0:38:38 > 0:38:40The Majority Leader of the US Senate Mitch McConnell has become
0:38:40 > 0:38:43the latest to say it is time for Roy Moore to step
0:38:43 > 0:38:49aside as a candidate for an Alabama Senate seat.
0:38:49 > 0:38:51It comes after allegations in the Washington Post that Moore
0:38:51 > 0:38:55initiated sexual contact with a 14 year old when he was in his 30s.
0:38:55 > 0:38:57Today another woman is coming forward to say she was assaulted
0:38:57 > 0:38:58by Moore as a minor.
0:38:58 > 0:39:02But the firebrand judge denies the allegations and is threatening
0:39:03 > 0:39:04to sue the Washington Post.
0:39:04 > 0:39:08With us now is the BBC's North America Editor Jon Sopel.
0:39:08 > 0:39:11This is some fairly obscure or special election in Alabama but it
0:39:11 > 0:39:17is suddenly getting an awful lot of attention because sex?It is about
0:39:17 > 0:39:21sex and the battle between the establishment Republican party, who
0:39:21 > 0:39:26do not like Roy Moore one little bit, and firebrands who are keen and
0:39:26 > 0:39:31pushing Roy Moore to be the standard bearer for a new type of
0:39:31 > 0:39:36republicanism in Washington. We had Mitch McConnell coming out today,
0:39:36 > 0:39:43saying he should step aside. Till now people have been saying, if it
0:39:43 > 0:39:47is the women's allegations proved correct, who will prove or disprove
0:39:47 > 0:39:54it? Why would you disbelieve the women? And you have had Roy Moore
0:39:54 > 0:39:59firing back, the person who should step aside is Mitch McConnell! He
0:39:59 > 0:40:06has failed Conservatives and must be replaced.Beyond Earth row, this
0:40:06 > 0:40:12also says something about the leaves of paedophilia on Alabama because
0:40:12 > 0:40:17Republican leaders have been saying even if he did do this, I would
0:40:17 > 0:40:20still vote for him because he's not Democrat.People commit
0:40:20 > 0:40:28transgressions and they may be apologetic. The abuse of a
0:40:28 > 0:40:3314-year-old, I wonder what they think it was the own daughter who
0:40:33 > 0:40:36was the subject of such attention? Maybe they would take a rather
0:40:36 > 0:40:43different view on it. But it shows just how polarised politics are you
0:40:43 > 0:40:47would say, there was a bit of an indiscretion with a 14-year-old, but
0:40:47 > 0:40:51more important we get a Republican in the Senate than we do someone who
0:40:51 > 0:40:57may have an unsavoury past.The big stick that the Roy Moorside is
0:40:57 > 0:41:01wielding, he has been elected to various offices within Alabama, this
0:41:01 > 0:41:08is just come out now?They are trying to play that. But what is
0:41:08 > 0:41:11fascinating as well as the various scenarios that have been sketched
0:41:11 > 0:41:17out for what might unfold next, which is fascinating. You could have
0:41:17 > 0:41:22a writing candidate, you could agree that Republican eggs would be a
0:41:22 > 0:41:26better person, the you write their name on the ballot, and a senator
0:41:26 > 0:41:32wins a seat by that way. The other way suggested is that the Senate, he
0:41:32 > 0:41:37gets appointed, wins the election, goes to the Senate, the modern
0:41:37 > 0:41:42inquiry, say, not the person, start again, and the process goes back to
0:41:42 > 0:41:47zero. The more intriguing one, the Machiavellian mind, is that the seat
0:41:47 > 0:41:51is available because Jeff Sessions, the Attorney General who Donald
0:41:51 > 0:41:54Trump has described as we can not good at doing his job, goes back to
0:41:54 > 0:42:03being the senator for Alabama and hey, presto! You have both
0:42:03 > 0:42:06created... Solve the problem of Roy Moore and got rid of the guy you do
0:42:06 > 0:42:10not like as Attorney General! It is the house of cards on steroids
0:42:10 > 0:42:16option!Never heard that before! And that is why we have the programme!
0:42:16 > 0:42:24That is quite a scenario, that is brilliant.You heard it here first!
0:42:24 > 0:42:29Exactly. I was going to ask you whether Roy Moore was the best
0:42:29 > 0:42:35option, but clearly not!I think it would be tricky. Who else has
0:42:35 > 0:42:39recognition? You would have to be pushed to find another Republican.
0:42:39 > 0:42:45Roy Moore is still ten points ahead, and that is in a poll taken since
0:42:45 > 0:42:49these allegations surfaced. 40% of Alabama Christian evangelicals say
0:42:49 > 0:42:54they were still vote for him despite these allegations. We do do have
0:42:54 > 0:42:58some religious figures coming out and saying, this business of 40
0:42:58 > 0:43:02years ago, total red herring, what did we learn from the Catholic abuse
0:43:02 > 0:43:06crisis? It it's a very long time for the victims of harassment and abuse
0:43:06 > 0:43:10to come forward. They seem to be saying, give these women the benefit
0:43:10 > 0:43:14of the doubt. Good news, we will go down to Alabama to cover this
0:43:14 > 0:43:17election, so that should be a fun programme.
0:43:18 > 0:43:21This is Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:43:21 > 0:43:24Still to come:
0:43:24 > 0:43:35The biographer who gives new details on da Vinci and his works.
0:43:35 > 0:43:38From "Four Weddings and a Funeral", to "Love Actually" and "Bridget
0:43:38 > 0:43:39Jones's Diary" he's played many leading roles.
0:43:39 > 0:43:42But in his latest film, Hugh Grant has been cast
0:43:42 > 0:43:43as a self-obsessed, washed up actor.
0:43:43 > 0:43:45How did he feel about being offered the role
0:43:45 > 0:43:48of the villain in Paddington 2 - and the prospect of being
0:43:48 > 0:43:52overshadowed by a much loved bear?
0:43:52 > 0:43:54What is so special about that bear?
0:43:54 > 0:43:56He's a wonderful character, isn't he?
0:43:56 > 0:43:58Well, it's funny, number one, and it's moving, number two.
0:43:58 > 0:44:00And it manages not to be schmaltzy, which is,
0:44:00 > 0:44:03I think, really difficult.
0:44:03 > 0:44:06Especially when the whole philosophy of the film is "be nice to everyone,
0:44:06 > 0:44:07be tolerant," you know.
0:44:07 > 0:44:12It would be really easy to go yucky.
0:44:12 > 0:44:14Just putting you on hold.
0:44:14 > 0:44:16Whoa!
0:44:16 > 0:44:17But I don't want to.
0:44:18 > 0:44:19It's only a haircut, Nelson.
0:44:19 > 0:44:22There's nothing to be afraid of.
0:44:22 > 0:44:25Come in, take a seat.
0:44:25 > 0:44:29We'll go somewhere else.
0:44:29 > 0:44:32And an actor playing an actor - did you enjoy that?
0:44:33 > 0:44:36Yes, well, I loved that.
0:44:36 > 0:44:39I was able to dip into the dim, distant past of my career,
0:44:39 > 0:44:40when I did do theatre
0:44:40 > 0:44:42and met characters not entirely unlike Phoenix Buchanan,
0:44:42 > 0:44:47the guy I play in this film.
0:44:47 > 0:44:50He was a big West End star, and became such a narcissist
0:44:50 > 0:45:00that he couldn't bear working with anyone else.
0:45:28 > 0:45:29He's Phoenix Buchanan.
0:45:29 > 0:45:30Dad's celebrity client.
0:45:30 > 0:45:32I suppose you know who I am?
0:45:32 > 0:45:33Oh, yes.
0:45:33 > 0:45:34You're a very famous actor.
0:45:34 > 0:45:35VIP, celebrity...
0:45:35 > 0:45:36Or used to be.
0:45:36 > 0:45:37Now you do dog food commercials.
0:45:37 > 0:45:39This will be me, in ten years' time.
0:45:39 > 0:45:40You think it will?
0:45:40 > 0:45:42What about the dog food adverts?
0:45:42 > 0:45:44That is his big gig, at the moment.
0:45:44 > 0:45:45Yeah.
0:45:45 > 0:45:46Hugh, really, dog food adverts?
0:45:46 > 0:45:48Well, you never know, you never know.
0:45:48 > 0:45:49I started with adverts.
0:45:49 > 0:45:52My career in the '80s was writing and acting in radio commercials,
0:45:52 > 0:45:53including dog food.
0:45:53 > 0:45:56Actually, no - we did spoof dog food - for Red Stripe lager.
0:45:56 > 0:45:58The Church of England is saying that people should be able to dress
0:45:58 > 0:45:59however they like.
0:45:59 > 0:46:02Dressing up is not just a favourite activity for the reception class
0:46:02 > 0:46:04at this London church primary school, it's also part
0:46:04 > 0:46:06of the curriculum designed to encourage individuality
0:46:06 > 0:46:12and discourage bullying.
0:46:12 > 0:46:15The Church of England has updated its advice for its 4700
0:46:15 > 0:46:17schools to protect children who may be considering transition
0:46:17 > 0:46:24from one gender to another.
0:46:24 > 0:46:26Being an individual is very important and respecting everybody's
0:46:26 > 0:46:30right to be an individual is very important to us.
0:46:30 > 0:46:32So if children aren't themselves then they cannot be free
0:46:32 > 0:46:37to learn and that's key.
0:46:37 > 0:46:40The new guidelines say children should be allowed to try many cloaks
0:46:40 > 0:46:43of identity without being labelled and that a child may choose
0:46:43 > 0:46:45the tutu, princess's tiara, or a fireman's helmet
0:46:45 > 0:46:53without expectation or comment.
0:46:53 > 0:46:59Today's guidance is designed to prevent bullying in schools
0:46:59 > 0:47:04like this but, on the issue of human sexuality, there is deep division
0:47:04 > 0:47:07within the Church of England and some Evangelical Christians see
0:47:07 > 0:47:09today's announcement as an attempt to erode the authority
0:47:09 > 0:47:13of the Bible and embrace an ever-changing culture.
0:47:13 > 0:47:16What people expect the Church of England to do is to set forth
0:47:16 > 0:47:25the framework for living as set out in the Bible.
0:47:25 > 0:47:27That we're all made wonderfully in the image of God,
0:47:27 > 0:47:29male and female, and the Church of England today seems
0:47:29 > 0:47:32to have failed in its duty to say that to the nation.
0:47:32 > 0:47:34But the Archbishop of Canterbury, who expressed his support
0:47:34 > 0:47:37for the new guidance in writing and on social media,
0:47:37 > 0:47:41rejects this criticism, saying no child should be diminished
0:47:41 > 0:47:50by being reduced to a stereotype or a problem.
0:47:52 > 0:47:54Steve Jobs, Albert Einstein and Benjamin Franklin -
0:47:54 > 0:47:58they are a few of the towering figures that author
0:47:58 > 0:48:00Walter Isaacson has captured in his acclaimed biographies.
0:48:00 > 0:48:07Now he has set his sights on Leonardo da Vinci.
0:48:07 > 0:48:10Using Leonardo's notebooks and drawings he shows how
0:48:10 > 0:48:13the intersection of art and science led to a new world of innovation.
0:48:13 > 0:48:17For more on this creative genius and the works which have been
0:48:17 > 0:48:23enjoyed by millions, Mr Isaacson joins us now from New York.
0:48:23 > 0:48:29I knew of course that da Vinci had such a broad reach but I did not
0:48:29 > 0:48:35realise how broad until I picked up your book, astronomy, astrology,
0:48:35 > 0:48:38music, military, it was almost as if the paintings is an afterthought for
0:48:38 > 0:48:46him.He wants to learn about everything. He sees the patterns of
0:48:46 > 0:48:52nature. When he turned that unnerving master of becoming 30
0:48:52 > 0:48:55years old, he writes a job application to the Duke of Malang,
0:48:55 > 0:49:00and it is 11 paragraphs long. The first ten paragraphs all about
0:49:00 > 0:49:04engineering, I can build great buildings and make weapons of war
0:49:04 > 0:49:08and divert rivers. Only in the 11th paragraph does he say you can paint
0:49:08 > 0:49:12as well as anyone. I think it enjoyed trying to do everything, and
0:49:12 > 0:49:18that is what made him the Renaissance man.Then he did also
0:49:18 > 0:49:22merge the two. I loved the story in the book about the process he went
0:49:22 > 0:49:25through to produce perhaps the most famous painting ever painted and the
0:49:25 > 0:49:33most famous smile ever painted, that of the Mona Lisa.When I looked at
0:49:33 > 0:49:36his notebooks, I realised he is curious about everything and wants
0:49:36 > 0:49:41to know every muscle that touches the lips and which nerves control
0:49:41 > 0:49:45those muscles. He dissects the human eye to show that when you look at
0:49:45 > 0:49:49something directly, you see the black-and-white detail, but on the
0:49:49 > 0:49:52edges of your retina, you see colours and shadows. He is able to
0:49:52 > 0:49:57make that smile of the no Mona Lisa interactive. If you stare at the
0:49:57 > 0:50:02tiniest black-and-white details on the corner of her lips, they are
0:50:02 > 0:50:07straight, but the shadows and colours go up, and over 16 years he
0:50:07 > 0:50:11is doing the tiniest of brush strokes so that it becomes an
0:50:11 > 0:50:15emotional painting that interacts with us. That is why you have to
0:50:15 > 0:50:20love both his science and his anatomy and his optics as well as
0:50:20 > 0:50:25his eye to see why he was so creative and innovative.Are you
0:50:25 > 0:50:29saying that, when he dissected faces, he was actually looking at
0:50:29 > 0:50:36how the muscles were working? Is that the secret as to why this
0:50:36 > 0:50:41painting flirts with us?It is one of the many secrets. Also the way
0:50:41 > 0:50:45the optics work. But there are 16 pages in this notebook where he
0:50:45 > 0:50:50dissects every muscle of the face and how it works. He even discovers
0:50:50 > 0:50:55things you a night could discover if we were more observant, like all
0:50:55 > 0:50:59bottom lip is a muscle which is why you out on your own, but your top
0:50:59 > 0:51:07lip is not an independent muscle, it so you cannot pout out, don't try
0:51:07 > 0:51:12this now, you will look silly on television, but it is why Leonardo
0:51:12 > 0:51:17loved every aspect of science and anatomy.We were just looking at
0:51:17 > 0:51:21pictures of a man which is on the back of the book, but you also had a
0:51:21 > 0:51:24chance to come over here to Windsor to look at the Royal collection and
0:51:24 > 0:51:28the drawings and the Royal collection. How did you get there
0:51:28 > 0:51:33and what did you find when you looked at the drawings?Windsor
0:51:33 > 0:51:37Castle has the greatest collection of the notebook pages from Leonardo
0:51:37 > 0:51:42on anatomy, the foetus in the womb, for example, that beautiful drawing.
0:51:42 > 0:51:48They showed how he made most distinction between art and science.
0:51:48 > 0:51:55I was very lucky to meet some of the people involved in the duration,
0:51:55 > 0:52:01Martin Clayton is a great expert on Leonardo, so I was able to see some
0:52:01 > 0:52:05of his drawings, and in other places study other notebook drawings. But
0:52:05 > 0:52:12England is very lucky. It probably has the greatest collection of
0:52:12 > 0:52:15Leonardo's drawings and the virgin of the locks in the National
0:52:15 > 0:52:22Gallery.You are writing a book that, if Leonardo da Vinci had been
0:52:22 > 0:52:28alive today, he probably would have been diagnosed with a DD! We would
0:52:28 > 0:52:35not be able to comprehend or contain his creativity.Leonardo was always
0:52:35 > 0:52:43very distracted. He was obsessively focused at times. He had depression
0:52:43 > 0:52:47and anxiety, but also very elated at times. When people ask me, did he
0:52:47 > 0:52:55have a DD or OCD? I say, you are not supposed to pull down the diagnostic
0:52:55 > 0:52:59manual and think, how would we have treated him or what regiment would
0:52:59 > 0:53:03we have put on? Maybe we would have done that but I doubt we would have
0:53:03 > 0:53:09had the Mona Lisa if so. It was good he was able to deal with his angels
0:53:09 > 0:53:13and dragons without his life. Clearly he would still be
0:53:13 > 0:53:19appreciated. I think Sotheby's has a painting of his going on sale today
0:53:19 > 0:53:23that is expected to fetch even more than you can afford!The's give
0:53:23 > 0:53:36credit to Christies. It will probably go for 115 million dollars.
0:53:36 > 0:53:42It is the last Leonardo in private hands. In Salvador Monday, you see
0:53:42 > 0:53:47this beautiful crystal orb and you see the imagination use it him
0:53:47 > 0:53:53getting the crystal right but not distort Jesus' robes because he's
0:53:53 > 0:53:58showing the miraculous quality of Jesus' stewardess of this world. And
0:53:58 > 0:54:02the hand being very sharp because Leonardo knows that the sharpness
0:54:02 > 0:54:06makes it look like the hand is coming out to you. This is why he's
0:54:06 > 0:54:10so creative and why we learn from him.Love it! Brilliant. It is
0:54:10 > 0:54:15always good to talk to you, thank you very much indeed for coming on
0:54:15 > 0:54:20the programme. Fabulous! They were enormously tolerant of da Vinci, you
0:54:20 > 0:54:24was gay, left-handed, born out of wedlock and still manage to an
0:54:24 > 0:54:30engineering job. Amazing. An amazing that today he is just as appreciated
0:54:30 > 0:54:35and valuable as he was back then. We will try the experiment, which is
0:54:35 > 0:54:41worthy of Leonardo da Vinci. It is a time space experiment and it is to
0:54:41 > 0:54:47with whether you can blow out a candle on your birthday cake or the
0:54:47 > 0:54:52way from London. You blow, and we will see what happens! Go on. Blow
0:54:52 > 0:55:01to my right, I have been told. You didn't even have two! It went out!
0:55:01 > 0:55:04Happy birthday, Christian. I will eat a bit and you will tell me how
0:55:04 > 0:55:11delicious it is! 25, never been kissed today. I did get a chocolate
0:55:11 > 0:55:16cake like that from the team this morning to have my copy. And I have
0:55:16 > 0:55:26had very nice messages from our view was. I hope you enjoy the cake! We
0:55:26 > 0:55:34have to admit the Christian is still ridiculously young, talented, not
0:55:34 > 0:55:37quite da Vinci -esque, but if we give him a few more years, he will
0:55:37 > 0:55:43be up there selling something for $100 billion at Christie 's, not
0:55:43 > 0:55:46Sotheby's. Kristian, my friend, happy birthday, it is so much fun
0:55:46 > 0:55:54working with you. And stay young! Do you is this tomorrow? Yours, and we
0:55:54 > 0:56:01will celebrate it tomorrow! I want a really big cake!