0:00:09 > 0:00:14You're watching Beyond 100 Days.
0:00:14 > 0:00:15The US says it will de-nuclearize North Korea
0:00:15 > 0:00:22with or without its cooperation.
0:00:22 > 0:00:24Donald Trump's National Security Advisor says
0:00:24 > 0:00:29every nation should share Washington's concerns.
0:00:29 > 0:00:33As for Russia - General McMaster acknowledged they did interfere
0:00:33 > 0:00:37last year's presidential election.
0:00:37 > 0:00:39Russia is engaged in a very sophisticated subversion
0:00:39 > 0:00:49to affect our confidence in democratic institutions.
0:00:51 > 0:00:53Disruption on Capitol Hill as
0:00:53 > 0:00:57Disruption on Capitol Hill as Congress prepares to pass President
0:00:57 > 0:01:03Trump's tax bill. The vote is about to take place. We will bring you the
0:01:03 > 0:01:12latest from capital Hill.
0:01:13 > 0:01:14What does it take to be a superager?
0:01:14 > 0:01:17At 95 years young Hilda Jaffe is setting an example and scientists
0:01:17 > 0:01:19think drugs could soon help the rest of us.
0:01:20 > 0:01:21Also on the programme.
0:01:21 > 0:01:22Allegations about Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein.
0:01:22 > 0:01:25We hear from a former colleague who tells us about her experience.
0:01:25 > 0:01:27500-year-old leftovers - what these turkey bones tell us
0:01:27 > 0:01:29about trans-Atlantic trade in the 1500s.
0:01:29 > 0:01:39Get in touch with us using the hashtag Beyond 100 Days.
0:01:41 > 0:01:43Hello and welcome - I'm Katty Kay in Washington
0:01:43 > 0:01:45and Christian Fraser is in London.
0:01:45 > 0:01:48Donald Trump has ordered his top officials to refine a military plan
0:01:48 > 0:01:49to deal with North Korea.
0:01:49 > 0:01:54In an interview with the BBC the US National Security Adviser HR
0:01:54 > 0:01:56McMaster says the United States has to be prepared,
0:01:56 > 0:01:59if necessary, to compel North Korea to end its nuclear
0:01:59 > 0:02:03weapons programme, with or without their cooperation.
0:02:03 > 0:02:05Last week the Secretary of State Rex Tillerson hinted
0:02:05 > 0:02:07the US was ready to talk to North Korea
0:02:07 > 0:02:09without preconditions.
0:02:09 > 0:02:11But the comments from the national security advisor seem
0:02:11 > 0:02:13to contradict that view.
0:02:13 > 0:02:20General McMaster's been speaking to our colleague,
0:02:20 > 0:02:22Yalda Hakim.
0:02:22 > 0:02:24Are you committed to peaceful resolution to this?
0:02:24 > 0:02:32Of course, that's what we want but we're not committed
0:02:32 > 0:02:33to a peaceful, but a resolution.
0:02:33 > 0:02:36We want it to be peaceful but as the President said,
0:02:36 > 0:02:39all options are on the table and we have to be prepared
0:02:39 > 0:02:41if necessary to compel the denuclearisation of North Korea
0:02:41 > 0:02:42without the cooperation of that regime.
0:02:42 > 0:02:44Leading Republicans, such as Senator Lindsey Graham have
0:02:44 > 0:02:54said there is a 30% chance of war.
0:02:54 > 0:02:57If they continue with the strikes it could go up to 70%.
0:02:57 > 0:02:58Is war imminent?
0:02:58 > 0:03:00The chances of war could go up and down based
0:03:00 > 0:03:02on what we all decide to do.
0:03:02 > 0:03:04North Korea is a great threat to all civilised
0:03:04 > 0:03:14people across the globe.
0:03:36 > 0:03:41Now is not the time to talk. We need to see a fundamental shift and
0:03:41 > 0:03:47conditions. We cannot afford any more to repeat the mistakes of the
0:03:47 > 0:03:53pass.Would you be willing to talk to the north Koreans bilaterally and
0:03:53 > 0:03:57hear them out? Under what conditions? No conditions. Under
0:03:57 > 0:04:02what conditions? There was no agenda, just talk.That is going to
0:04:02 > 0:04:07be up to the president to decide that what is create now is that we
0:04:07 > 0:04:12cannot in any way the efforts to continue the isolation of the regime
0:04:12 > 0:04:16diplomatically and economically. What has happened in the past as
0:04:16 > 0:04:21north Korea has entered into talks to get the pressure relieved, and
0:04:21 > 0:04:27fennel stalks that nothing but still of the ability for the north to
0:04:27 > 0:04:31continue its programmes and checked. That Winter Olympics are coming up
0:04:31 > 0:04:36in February 2018 and South Korea, would you feel safe sending your
0:04:36 > 0:04:41family there?Yes, we have a very strong alliance capability between
0:04:41 > 0:04:45the South Korean Armed Forces and our Armed Forces. When you extend
0:04:45 > 0:04:50that regionally, what this crisis is doing is that is driving our allies
0:04:50 > 0:04:54closer and closer together with us and in particular South Korea, Japan
0:04:54 > 0:04:57and the United States.
0:04:57 > 0:04:59All of the US intelligence communities have said that Russia
0:05:00 > 0:05:04interfered in the 2016 elections.
0:05:04 > 0:05:07Putting the politics to one side, would you say that this
0:05:07 > 0:05:09is a national-security risk and threat?
0:05:09 > 0:05:13Certainly it is.
0:05:13 > 0:05:16With this strategy, we say explicitly in the document
0:05:16 > 0:05:20that the strategy views the world as it is, it does not create
0:05:20 > 0:05:23an aspirational model, so that's what we have to view
0:05:23 > 0:05:27Russian behaviour as, look at what they are actually doing.
0:05:27 > 0:05:31Of course we have to counter their destabilising behaviour
0:05:31 > 0:05:35and the sophisticated campaigns of propaganda and disinformation,
0:05:35 > 0:05:38efforts to polarise communities and pit them against each other
0:05:38 > 0:05:43especially in the democratic world in a free and open society.
0:05:43 > 0:05:46They use it against countries to weaken their popular
0:05:46 > 0:05:50will and resolve.
0:05:50 > 0:05:53Do you believe that Russia meddled in the 2016 elections?
0:05:53 > 0:05:56I believe Russia has engaged in a very sophisticated
0:05:56 > 0:06:01campaign of subversion to affect our confidence
0:06:01 > 0:06:02in democratic institutions...
0:06:02 > 0:06:05They meddled?
0:06:05 > 0:06:09Including your elections?
0:06:09 > 0:06:13They used propaganda and disinformation on both sides
0:06:13 > 0:06:17to support very left groups, to support the very right groups,
0:06:17 > 0:06:21and so what they want to do was create the kind of tension,
0:06:21 > 0:06:31vitriol that undermines our confidence in who we are.
0:06:33 > 0:06:40I talk about any societies that has come under attack from them. There
0:06:40 > 0:06:42is a similar approach in Catalonia in Spain.
0:06:42 > 0:06:45Is this something the President is saying as well?
0:06:45 > 0:06:46Yes, of course.
0:06:46 > 0:06:47He's acknowledging this meddling took place?
0:06:47 > 0:06:48Yes, publicly.
0:06:48 > 0:06:50Will you ensure this kind of interference does not
0:06:50 > 0:06:51happen in the future?
0:06:51 > 0:06:56Certainly, to the degree we have agency control over it but one
0:06:56 > 0:06:59of the most important things to do is to pull the curtain back on this
0:06:59 > 0:07:07activity and expose it.
0:07:07 > 0:07:13There is a feeling that there is nothing like this administration,
0:07:13 > 0:07:21nothing like this president. There is intrigued in this court politics.
0:07:21 > 0:07:25The intrigue is interesting to people but I have not paid attention
0:07:25 > 0:07:30to it. It has not affected our work on the National Security Council or
0:07:30 > 0:07:32our ability to serve the president.
0:07:32 > 0:07:35Would your life be easier if the president stopped tweeting?
0:07:35 > 0:07:37Aristotle said focus on what you can control.
0:07:37 > 0:07:39The President will do what he wants to do.
0:07:39 > 0:07:44And it's his way of reaching the American people.
0:07:44 > 0:07:46It's a communication which is very successful for him.
0:07:46 > 0:07:49He has quite a number of followers around the world.
0:07:49 > 0:07:59My job is not to worry about Twitter.
0:08:07 > 0:08:12That is our job to worry about Twitter and what comes out of the
0:08:12 > 0:08:16president's Twitter account. I picked up on the Russia staff more
0:08:16 > 0:08:19than the north Korean issue because they seem to be saying if conditions
0:08:19 > 0:08:26were right they would talk to north Korea. That is where the White House
0:08:26 > 0:08:32is coming from. This issue of Russia, this language, I believe
0:08:32 > 0:08:37Russia is engaged in a sophisticated campaign of subversion. I have not
0:08:37 > 0:08:41heard the president, whatever the national security adviser says, say
0:08:41 > 0:08:46something quite that clear, and perhaps if he did, and said
0:08:46 > 0:08:48repeatedly, this Russia investigation might go away.
0:08:48 > 0:08:55If it comes from the top, and as HR McMaster says, if you reveal what
0:08:55 > 0:09:00Russia has been up to, he could do a lot more, and that has been a
0:09:00 > 0:09:03complaint from the intelligence agencies that for some reason,
0:09:03 > 0:09:11whatever reason it is, the president is loaf to criticise Russia and is
0:09:11 > 0:09:16particularly the Russian president. The other thing, he says the
0:09:16 > 0:09:22National securities strategy sets out the world as letters but I am
0:09:22 > 0:09:26not convinced when you read that 70 page documents that you get the same
0:09:26 > 0:09:30tone from the president. There are so many disparities and what he said
0:09:30 > 0:09:33yesterday and what is in the document that you wonder if he is
0:09:33 > 0:09:34completely behind the strategy.
0:09:35 > 0:09:37Let's get the thoughts of former US defense secretary William Cohen,
0:09:37 > 0:09:44who joins me now in the studio.
0:09:44 > 0:09:48Listening to HR McMaster, what did you take away from that? I did take
0:09:48 > 0:09:51away the notion that they are prepared to pull back the curtain to
0:09:51 > 0:09:55look at what Russia has been doing. That is the case they should back
0:09:55 > 0:10:02away from trying to undermine the investigation. The president has
0:10:02 > 0:10:06come out, I give the president credit for raising that document, it
0:10:06 > 0:10:11is his now. He has two Orna everything that is in that. What is
0:10:11 > 0:10:17interesting is that all of the items in that document, his conduct for
0:10:17 > 0:10:20the first year in office is contradictory to what is in that
0:10:20 > 0:10:24document. There is a mismatch between what has been taking place
0:10:24 > 0:10:30and what is no in the document. For example, respect for the rule of
0:10:30 > 0:10:36law, the president has done much to undermine the rule of law, attacking
0:10:36 > 0:10:40CIE, the court system, FBI, attacking the investigation and are
0:10:40 > 0:10:44we seeing it as a witchhunt. There is a disconnect between what is
0:10:44 > 0:10:48being said and what is being done. Hopefully the president will most up
0:10:48 > 0:10:53to match some of the rhetoric with the deeds going forward. Pulling the
0:10:53 > 0:10:57curtain back on Russia will be important but I believe there is no
0:10:57 > 0:11:02question in our intelligence communities they were not trying to
0:11:02 > 0:11:06alter and influence the election itself. The president has yet to
0:11:06 > 0:11:10actually admit that and see it forthrightly. Seeing China might
0:11:10 > 0:11:16have been behind it, north Korea. That is an issue. He could perhaps
0:11:16 > 0:11:19take a cue from his national-security adviser. Let us go
0:11:19 > 0:11:22back to the 70 page document that Donald Trump gave a speech on
0:11:22 > 0:11:32yesterday. Do you now understand what the trump doctrine of American
0:11:32 > 0:11:37foreign policy is?It appears to be something of a throwback to
0:11:37 > 0:11:41Realpolitik, balanced power politics, the world as we see it. It
0:11:41 > 0:11:45is OK to look at the world as we see it that we should also have a policy
0:11:45 > 0:11:50to make the world as we wanted to be. We need to be actively engaged
0:11:50 > 0:11:53in trying to shape events rather than being held prisoner by those
0:11:53 > 0:11:58events. That is what is missing in terms of this looking inward, it is
0:11:58 > 0:12:08saying that we have been taken advantage of, we want the rule of
0:12:08 > 0:12:11law and diplomacy but they have cut the diplomatic budget by 30%, many
0:12:11 > 0:12:13positions have not been filled. Matching the deeds with the words
0:12:13 > 0:12:17that have been uttered, it'll be interesting going forward.If you
0:12:17 > 0:12:21were to ask people around the world what is the most alarming foreign
0:12:21 > 0:12:26policy trained at the moment they would definitely say north Korea.
0:12:26 > 0:12:31There is no way that Pyongyang is going to denuclearise as a
0:12:31 > 0:12:35precondition for talks.I do not think they will. What we have to do
0:12:35 > 0:12:40is continue to beef up our defence capability in South Korea and also
0:12:40 > 0:12:45in Japan. We have two, unilaterally if we must, bring the north Korean
0:12:45 > 0:12:50economy to its knees, then set the table for how we might go about
0:12:50 > 0:12:57talking to the north Koreans. It is not alarming, but got my attention,
0:12:57 > 0:13:00the implication that we are going to do it by force if necessary, whether
0:13:00 > 0:13:04the Chinese are helping, not helping, the Russians helping or
0:13:04 > 0:13:08not, we are going to do it by force, if we have the take those nuclear
0:13:08 > 0:13:15capabilities out. That is something we have to watch carefully. I do not
0:13:15 > 0:13:19think Secretary Tillotson will be in favour of that and I doubt if any
0:13:19 > 0:13:23military adviser would soon let us go and take it militarily.Thank you
0:13:23 > 0:13:30very much.
0:13:30 > 0:13:37The train that derailed in Washington State on Monday
0:13:37 > 0:13:39was travelling at twice the speed limit as it
0:13:39 > 0:13:40came around a corner.
0:13:40 > 0:13:4213 of the 14 carriages were thrown from the track,
0:13:42 > 0:13:45some of them over a bridge and onto rush hour traffic below.
0:13:45 > 0:13:48The train was carrying 86 passengers as it made its inaugural
0:13:48 > 0:13:50journey, on a new route from Seattle to Portland.
0:13:50 > 0:13:52Three people were killed in the accident.
0:13:52 > 0:13:55The UK's new aircraft carrier, HMS Queen Elizabeth, has sprung a leak.
0:13:55 > 0:13:57The carrier that was commissioned by the Queen earlier this
0:13:57 > 0:13:59month in Portsmouth, has a problem with one
0:13:59 > 0:14:00of its propeller shafts.
0:14:00 > 0:14:02The fault was first identified during sea trials.
0:14:02 > 0:14:05A Royal Navy spokesman said the ship was scheduled for repair
0:14:05 > 0:14:07and the fault will not prevent it from sailing again
0:14:07 > 0:14:08early in the new year.
0:14:08 > 0:14:10US immigration figures show there have been fewer
0:14:10 > 0:14:12deportations this year, compared to President Obama's
0:14:12 > 0:14:13first year in office.
0:14:13 > 0:14:15Data suggests that 177,000
0:14:15 > 0:14:18fewer migrants were deported, compared to 2009, despite
0:14:18 > 0:14:23President Trump's tough stance on immigration.
0:14:23 > 0:14:24Elsewhere, figures suggest unauthorized border crossing
0:14:24 > 0:14:27attempts from Mexico have also dropped by nearly
0:14:27 > 0:14:34150,000.
0:14:34 > 0:14:39That is interesting. Border crossings have fallen. The rhetoric,
0:14:39 > 0:14:46from Donald Trump's perspective is working. The same is true here of
0:14:46 > 0:14:50Brexit, net migration has fallen to the lowest since records began.
0:14:50 > 0:14:53Seemingly the rhetoric of you are not welcome does work if you want to
0:14:53 > 0:14:58keep people out. The strange thing is that the number of deportations
0:14:58 > 0:15:01has fallen when he seems to have given so much leeway to the
0:15:01 > 0:15:03authorities. That is interesting because there
0:15:03 > 0:15:08have been figures suggesting that the number of arrests of
0:15:08 > 0:15:12undocumented immigrants has actually gone up in this year, it might just
0:15:12 > 0:15:15be that people are still in the backlog, they have been arrested,
0:15:15 > 0:15:19they are waiting for the process, they have not yet been deported.
0:15:19 > 0:15:25Those figures on emigration as people crossing into America were
0:15:25 > 0:15:29falling already. Net migration was negative on to the United States
0:15:29 > 0:15:31across the Mexican border before President Trump took office which is
0:15:31 > 0:15:36why many people said, why is emigration such a big deal? The
0:15:36 > 0:15:39Mexican economy is doing better and people are staying at home and
0:15:39 > 0:15:42getting their jobs there.
0:15:42 > 0:15:45President Trump is one step closer to getting his first major
0:15:45 > 0:15:55legislative victory in the form of tax reform.
0:15:57 > 0:15:59The House of Representatives is to vote
0:15:59 > 0:16:01through the biggest overhaul of the US system in
0:16:01 > 0:16:02more than 30 years.
0:16:02 > 0:16:06Next it will go to the Senate and then on to the President's desk.
0:16:06 > 0:16:08Critics say it's a giveaway to corporations and the wealthy.
0:16:08 > 0:16:11But Republicans insist it will boost economic growth and create jobs.
0:16:11 > 0:16:13Among them is Congressman Francis Rooney from Florida and I spoke
0:16:13 > 0:16:15to him from Capitol Hill a short time ago.
0:16:15 > 0:16:18It seems the Republican Party is about to pass a tax bill
0:16:18 > 0:16:19that 55% of Americans say
0:16:20 > 0:16:21they disapprove of.
0:16:21 > 0:16:24Why are they doing it?
0:16:24 > 0:16:26When the 55% of Americans that you are talking about realise
0:16:26 > 0:16:30what's in the tax bill they'll change their mind.
0:16:30 > 0:16:33The liberal media in the United States has been a bit
0:16:33 > 0:16:37one-sided in how they have described the bill.
0:16:37 > 0:16:39This is always a communications effort and it seems
0:16:39 > 0:16:42like the Democrats have managed to get their communications effort more
0:16:42 > 0:16:44effectively than yours has, then?
0:16:44 > 0:16:46I think you could probably make that argument.
0:16:46 > 0:16:52Of course they have the more willing media to support them.
0:16:52 > 0:16:54The tax bill depends on the idea of boosting American growth.
0:16:54 > 0:17:02But the Tax Policy Centre, a bipartisan
0:17:02 > 0:17:05independent group, has come out and said that what is in the bill
0:17:05 > 0:17:07won't boost American GDP growth enough for
0:17:07 > 0:17:08this tax bill to pay for itself.
0:17:08 > 0:17:11You are a fiscal conservative, does adding to the American debt concern
0:17:11 > 0:17:13you?
0:17:13 > 0:17:16I would have rather they found a way not to have it be a deficit
0:17:16 > 0:17:19spend.
0:17:19 > 0:17:24But I do think that the corporate aspects of this bill will
0:17:24 > 0:17:26get the economy accelerating and increased investment.
0:17:26 > 0:17:29As anyone from London knows better than anyone
0:17:29 > 0:17:33capital goes where it is treated best.
0:17:33 > 0:17:36We have not been treating capital very well in the United
0:17:36 > 0:17:38States for some time, as opposed to London's financial centre.
0:17:38 > 0:17:41We need to get the tax rate down so corporations
0:17:41 > 0:17:43are going to want to be here, invest their capital here.
0:17:43 > 0:17:45And corporations are clearly very happy
0:17:45 > 0:17:48with this bill, as are wealthier Americans who are looking at a very
0:17:48 > 0:17:49big tax cut.
0:17:49 > 0:17:52But what about the argument that this tax bill does very
0:17:52 > 0:17:54little for poorer and lower working class Americans,
0:17:54 > 0:17:57lower income people?
0:17:57 > 0:18:00If you want to have jobs you have got to have capital
0:18:00 > 0:18:02investment which means the people you have just
0:18:02 > 0:18:03been talking about have
0:18:03 > 0:18:04to be wanting to invest.
0:18:04 > 0:18:08That is one side.
0:18:08 > 0:18:11But the other thing is, if you look at the rates, this bill is a tax
0:18:11 > 0:18:14cut for virtually everyone across the spectrum, and a larger
0:18:14 > 0:18:16percentage tax cut for those at the bottom of the spectrum.
0:18:16 > 0:18:18Right, but you are asking corporations to
0:18:18 > 0:18:21reinvest in the country and to produce jobs,
0:18:21 > 0:18:24but even the Treasury Secretary, when he asked a group of
0:18:24 > 0:18:26American CEOs what they were going to do
0:18:26 > 0:18:32with this tax windfall, are you
0:18:32 > 0:18:34going to invest back into the economy and invest into job
0:18:34 > 0:18:36creation, they did not put their hands up.
0:18:36 > 0:18:39They said, no, they were going to return it to their
0:18:39 > 0:18:40shareholders.
0:18:40 > 0:18:42I saw that question and answer period.
0:18:42 > 0:18:44I am not so sure that is actually right.
0:18:44 > 0:18:47Inevitably when corporate tax rates are lower
0:18:47 > 0:18:49then more capital flows back into the United States
0:18:49 > 0:18:51or whatever country does it.
0:18:51 > 0:18:53We saw that when Ireland lowered their tax rates.
0:18:53 > 0:18:56I am confident we will have more capital coming in.
0:18:56 > 0:19:04Ultimately that capital will get invested.
0:19:04 > 0:19:07The other aspect is the immediate deduction of capital goods
0:19:07 > 0:19:09acquisitions.
0:19:09 > 0:19:12Let me just ask you about the way this bill was done.
0:19:12 > 0:19:14Handwritten notes on the Senate version of the bill.
0:19:14 > 0:19:16Votes taken at two or three o'clock in the morning.
0:19:16 > 0:19:18If you want the American people to understand
0:19:18 > 0:19:19what is in this bill is
0:19:19 > 0:19:21that the best way to do it?
0:19:21 > 0:19:22No.
0:19:22 > 0:19:24We always used to tell our kids, nothing
0:19:24 > 0:19:28good happens after midnight, and I think
0:19:28 > 0:19:30that is probably true for a
0:19:30 > 0:19:32lot of different kinds of things.
0:19:32 > 0:19:36It would be better to have a more orderly process but I have to say,
0:19:36 > 0:19:37the end product is pretty good.
0:19:37 > 0:19:38Thank you very much.
0:19:38 > 0:19:40Keep it in the daytime, kids.
0:19:40 > 0:19:50Thank you very much.
0:19:50 > 0:19:57Live to Capitol Hill. Every expectation that this tax bill is
0:19:57 > 0:20:01going to go through the house, then it goes to the Senate, then to the
0:20:01 > 0:20:06President's desk, he wants to sign it before Christmas, he says
0:20:06 > 0:20:11Americans will get a big tax reduction. It is politically a big
0:20:11 > 0:20:15gift at the moment to the Republican party but the nature of this tax
0:20:15 > 0:20:19bill seems so skewed in favour of wealthy Americans rather than less
0:20:19 > 0:20:22well off Americans that some Democrats are thinking if they pass
0:20:22 > 0:20:26that this could come back to haunt them and help us in future
0:20:26 > 0:20:31elections.It is a gamble if you give corporations money do they
0:20:31 > 0:20:38create enough growth to pay for the tax cuts, that is the gamble.Does
0:20:38 > 0:20:41trickle down economics work? Plenty of economists will point to it
0:20:41 > 0:20:45working, plenty of economists will point to is not working. We have at
0:20:45 > 0:20:48Republican senators saying they prefer to believe the economists who
0:20:48 > 0:20:54say that it will boost growth and the economy and jobs as well.We
0:20:54 > 0:21:03will start to see what it does just before the mid-term elections.
0:21:03 > 0:21:05For most people, Christmas just ain't Christmas without
0:21:05 > 0:21:06the traditional roast turkey.
0:21:06 > 0:21:09In the UK it is still the most popular thing
0:21:09 > 0:21:11to serve on the 25th - and often for several
0:21:11 > 0:21:12days afterwards!
0:21:12 > 0:21:16Archaeologists in Devon believe they have unearthed the oldest
0:21:16 > 0:21:18turkey bones ever discovered in the UK - dating back almost
0:21:18 > 0:21:19500 years old.
0:21:19 > 0:21:27Jon Kay has the story.
0:21:27 > 0:21:29A traditional turkey dinner with all the trimmings,
0:21:29 > 0:21:32but it seems they've been gobbling it up here in Devon for much longer
0:21:32 > 0:21:35than anybody realised.
0:21:35 > 0:21:40At Exeter University, a surprise discovery.
0:21:40 > 0:21:43At first I wasn't sure because it looks like a giant chicken.
0:21:43 > 0:21:46In a pile of ancient animal remains, found here in the '80s,
0:21:46 > 0:21:51two mysterious thigh bones and a wing.
0:21:51 > 0:21:55Archeologists have now established they're from an American species
0:21:55 > 0:21:58of turkey nearly 500 years ago, believed to be the oldest
0:21:58 > 0:22:01ever found in Britain.
0:22:01 > 0:22:03I started knocking on doors and showing off just how excited
0:22:03 > 0:22:07I was by actually telling other people, "look what I found."
0:22:07 > 0:22:10But, yes, so it is very nice and it's really great for a zoo
0:22:10 > 0:22:12archeologist to actually have this connection with history.
0:22:12 > 0:22:14We've got a plate and a bowl.
0:22:14 > 0:22:17The bones could be dated because they were found
0:22:17 > 0:22:20with a pile of washing up - crockery from a grand
0:22:20 > 0:22:22feast in the early 1500s, which is when the first
0:22:22 > 0:22:24turkeys arrived here.
0:22:24 > 0:22:26These were an exotic bird, brand new into the country.
0:22:26 > 0:22:28You know, people wouldn't have heard of it.
0:22:28 > 0:22:29What did it taste like?
0:22:29 > 0:22:33You know, what is this giant bird?
0:22:33 > 0:22:36The first turkeys are said to have been imported by the explorer
0:22:36 > 0:22:38William Strickland in the 1520s after he bought six
0:22:38 > 0:22:43from some native Americans.
0:22:43 > 0:22:48Well, Strickland is said to have sold his birds for tuppence each.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51Five centuries later, turkeys are rather bigger business,
0:22:51 > 0:22:5510 million of them due to be sold in Britain just over Christmas.
0:22:55 > 0:22:58Off we go then, turkeys.
0:22:58 > 0:23:00This Devon farmer wonders if the bones found down the road
0:23:00 > 0:23:03might be from those original birds.
0:23:03 > 0:23:06Potentially these, in some way, are direct descendants
0:23:06 > 0:23:14of the ones that arrived, and here they are back in Devon.
0:23:14 > 0:23:15So that's quite nice.
0:23:15 > 0:23:20In what else but a sandwich box, the turkey bones have now been taken
0:23:20 > 0:23:22to the city museum to go on display after
0:23:23 > 0:23:24Christmas dinner.
0:23:24 > 0:23:33Jon Kay, BBC News, Exeter.
0:23:43 > 0:23:52We had turkey for Thanksgiving. I am going to do goose. If I am not
0:23:52 > 0:23:55around after Christmas that will be because the goose burnt my house
0:23:55 > 0:24:02down. Germany has marked the first anniversary of the terror attack in
0:24:02 > 0:24:07which 12 people were killed. Angela Merkel was among those attending the
0:24:07 > 0:24:12ceremony. Authorities say mistakes were made including bills being sent
0:24:12 > 0:24:16to the families for the cost of autopsies. Angela Merkel said it was
0:24:16 > 0:24:21time to connect the things that went from. 12 people were killed in that
0:24:21 > 0:24:25attack on the Christmas market. 70 people were injured. The authorities
0:24:25 > 0:24:38were criticised at the time for security feelings.
0:24:39 > 0:24:44Let us go back to Capitol Hill, we can get those live pictures from the
0:24:44 > 0:24:48house of representatives. They are voting on that Republican tax bill
0:24:48 > 0:24:52at the moment. At the moment 212 Republicans in favour, ten have
0:24:52 > 0:24:56faltered against. That is interesting to see who has fought
0:24:56 > 0:25:02against. Democrats, 182. Every expectation that it will pass,
0:25:02 > 0:25:06pretty much along party lines, they are desperate to get this done, they
0:25:06 > 0:25:11have not had a big piece of legislation, and they cannot wrap up
0:25:11 > 0:25:15this year with nothing done. President Trump would not accept it.
0:25:15 > 0:25:19Plenty of applause. It looks like it is going through.When does that go
0:25:19 > 0:25:23to the Senate? Later today. We are expecting to go and if you average
0:25:23 > 0:25:28time.You will be in bed. I will be in bed. Do text when it goes
0:25:28 > 0:25:29through.
0:25:29 > 0:25:31This is Beyond 100 Days from the BBC.
0:25:31 > 0:25:35Coming up for viewers on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News:
0:25:35 > 0:25:37The superagers living longer and healthier - and the drugs
0:25:37 > 0:25:44the might help the rest of us do the same.
0:25:44 > 0:25:47And the stories behind these faces and flags.
0:25:47 > 0:25:50We speak to our China and Europe editors on the year that was -
0:25:50 > 0:25:52and the one that's still to come.
0:25:52 > 0:26:02That's next.
0:26:11 > 0:26:16After what was a foggy start in a few places some of us got to enjoy
0:26:16 > 0:26:20some sunshine today. It was beautiful for our weather watcher in
0:26:20 > 0:26:24Stockton on Tees but I suspect this scene from Starling is more
0:26:24 > 0:26:29representative of what most of us will see over the next few days.
0:26:29 > 0:26:33Cloud is no coming from the Atlantic. I head of that mile are
0:26:33 > 0:26:37being drawn from the south West providing cloudy conditions through
0:26:37 > 0:26:42this evening. Misty and murky conditions over hills in the West. A
0:26:42 > 0:26:48spot of drizzle as well. Not as much fog as we saw last night in East
0:26:48 > 0:26:51Anglia and the south-east. The Apache band of rain across central
0:26:51 > 0:27:03areas of the country by morning with some clear skies.
0:27:05 > 0:27:10-- patchy band of rain across central areas of the country.
0:27:10 > 0:27:17To the north of that a better chance of early sunshine. Easy in the far
0:27:17 > 0:27:26north. Northern areas with the best chance of sunny breaks through the
0:27:26 > 0:27:30day. This weather fronts dragging its heels across northern England
0:27:30 > 0:27:37and north Wales. To the south of that, cloudy conditions.
0:27:37 > 0:27:42Temperatures for many getting into double figures. Our week whether
0:27:42 > 0:27:47fans will still be with us on Thursday, journeying further
0:27:47 > 0:27:54north-east. Misty and murky conditions. Best chance of
0:27:54 > 0:27:59brightness across the north-east of Scotland. Here it will be chilly,
0:27:59 > 0:28:04but still mild ear. The weather fronts will get squeezed out by this
0:28:04 > 0:28:07area of high pressure which tries to dominate our weather on Friday.
0:28:07 > 0:28:17There could be some Zelda Perkins rain. A lot of cloud around. Some --
0:28:17 > 0:28:25there could be some patchy rain. As we head towards Christmas it will
0:28:25 > 0:29:00stay miles. There will be rain at times particularly in the north.
0:30:06 > 0:30:09This is Beyond One Hundred Days, with me Katty Kay in Washington -
0:30:10 > 0:30:11Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:11 > 0:30:13Our top stories.
0:30:13 > 0:30:16Donald Trump's national security advisor HR McMaster tells the BBC -
0:30:16 > 0:30:19the US wants a solution on North Korea - with, or without,
0:30:19 > 0:30:29Pyongyang's cooperation.
0:30:29 > 0:30:33Lawmakers have just passed the biggest overhaul of the US tax
0:30:33 > 0:30:37system in more than three decades but not without fierce opposition.
0:30:37 > 0:30:39Coming up in the next half hour.
0:30:39 > 0:30:41Putting the ageing process on ice - the drug
0:30:41 > 0:30:43which could help us live longer - and healthier.
0:30:43 > 0:30:46The year that was for our China and Europe editors -
0:30:46 > 0:30:49they're with us to help make sense of 2017 - and the stories keeping
0:30:49 > 0:30:50them busy into the new year.
0:30:50 > 0:30:53Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag
0:30:53 > 0:31:03'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'.
0:31:04 > 0:31:06In her first broadcast interview, a former colleague of Hollywood
0:31:06 > 0:31:09producer Harvey Weinstein has told the BBC, how she was warned
0:31:09 > 0:31:12about his behaviour - and how she went on to warn other
0:31:12 > 0:31:15women - that he could behave in an inappropriate manner.
0:31:15 > 0:31:17But Zelda Perkins says matters escalated after he sexually
0:31:17 > 0:31:19assaulted a colleague and she accused him
0:31:19 > 0:31:20of attempted rape.
0:31:20 > 0:31:22Mr Weinstein denies all allegations of non-consensual sex.
0:31:22 > 0:31:31Our Entertainment Correspondent, Colin Paterson, has the story.
0:31:32 > 0:31:38To put it into context this was 19 years ago, 1988. Harvey Weinstein
0:31:38 > 0:31:45was at the peak of his powers. Just about to release Shakespeare in Love
0:31:45 > 0:31:50which would win him an Oscar. Bella 's personal assistant then in the UK
0:31:50 > 0:31:54Zelda Perkins and was then 24 and she quit. She explained that she
0:31:54 > 0:31:58endured a number of years of sexual harassment but then came the final
0:31:58 > 0:32:08straw.
0:32:11 > 0:32:15It came to a head when he sexually assaulted, attempted
0:32:15 > 0:32:16rape on a colleague?
0:32:16 > 0:32:19Yes, we were at the Venice film Festival and he tried to rape her.
0:32:19 > 0:32:20What did you do?
0:32:20 > 0:32:21She was distressed.
0:32:21 > 0:32:31She was terrified of the consequence.
0:32:33 > 0:32:38I tried to calm her for about half an hour.
0:32:38 > 0:32:43Then I went straight downstairs to where Harvey Weinstein was having
0:32:43 > 0:32:46a business meeting on the terrace and told him he needed
0:32:46 > 0:32:51to come with me right away.
0:32:51 > 0:32:55For me to have broken into a meeting like that was unusual
0:32:55 > 0:32:58and he did not question me, he came with me straightaway
0:32:58 > 0:33:02because he knew why I was angry.
0:33:02 > 0:33:04So you accused him?
0:33:04 > 0:33:05Yes.
0:33:05 > 0:33:06He denied it?
0:33:06 > 0:33:11Yes.
0:33:11 > 0:33:14He said nothing had happened and he swore on the life of his wife
0:33:14 > 0:33:20and children which was his get out of jail card.
0:33:20 > 0:33:26He used that quite a lot. Now the women secured legal representation
0:33:26 > 0:33:31and they were hoping to bring down Weinstein by revealing his behaviour
0:33:31 > 0:33:35to Disney owned his company but their lawyers said that was not a
0:33:35 > 0:33:39realistic option and the only option was a damages agreement.
0:33:39 > 0:33:41That included the creation of a complaints procedure
0:33:41 > 0:33:42and therapy for Harvey Weinstein.
0:33:42 > 0:33:46It is not known if these stipulations were carried out.
0:33:46 > 0:33:48Zelda Perkins signed a non-disclosure agreement
0:33:48 > 0:33:54and received a sum of £125,000.
0:33:54 > 0:33:58She calls for Britain to follow the example of a number of US States
0:33:58 > 0:34:01and end the practice of allowing sexual assaults to be hidden behind
0:34:01 > 0:34:03non-disclosure agreements.
0:34:03 > 0:34:06A spokesperson for Harvey Weinstein says he unequivocally denies any
0:34:06 > 0:34:16allegations of non-consensual sex.
0:34:16 > 0:34:22A good point there that these alleged assaults are being hidden
0:34:22 > 0:34:24behind nondisclosure agreements. This is not the first case we've
0:34:24 > 0:34:33seen this. There was one covered by CNN at the weekend about a Fox
0:34:33 > 0:34:37contributor who had signed a nondisclosure agreement with Fox
0:34:37 > 0:34:41News and had effectively been silenced and had not been able to
0:34:41 > 0:34:46get work since.Yesterday has been a lot of pushback against these
0:34:46 > 0:34:48nondisclosure agreements since the Weinstein case because they
0:34:48 > 0:34:52perpetuate what women say is a culture of silence and also means
0:34:52 > 0:34:56that women cannot warn other women about predators. So here in the US
0:34:56 > 0:35:00women are saying that they're going to break nondisclosure agreements.
0:35:00 > 0:35:09Time magazine called them silence breakers.
0:35:09 > 0:35:12What sort of trade deal does the UK want with the European Union?
0:35:12 > 0:35:16The debate in Britain is split right now between those who want the UK
0:35:16 > 0:35:18to remain close to the rules of the single market -
0:35:18 > 0:35:21and those who want the UK to go its own way, with the freedom
0:35:22 > 0:35:23to sign its own trade deals.
0:35:23 > 0:35:25The trouble is you can't have it both ways.
0:35:25 > 0:35:27Today Theresa May held talks on the future relationship
0:35:27 > 0:35:28with her full cabinet.
0:35:28 > 0:35:3025 ministers were each given an opportunity to speak.
0:35:30 > 0:35:33It took an hour and 45 minutes to get around the table.
0:35:33 > 0:35:36At the end, the Prime Minister gave very little away.
0:35:36 > 0:35:39What she wants, she says, is a bespoke deal, not a Norway,
0:35:39 > 0:35:41not a Canada, but a deal which secures a full trading
0:35:41 > 0:35:45relationship with the EU.
0:35:45 > 0:35:47Lord Malloch-Brown is a former Foreign Office minister,
0:35:47 > 0:35:49he was the former deputy secretary general of the UN,
0:35:49 > 0:35:54and he is with us in the studio.
0:35:54 > 0:35:58You are taking on a new role in coordinating the pro-remain groups,
0:35:58 > 0:36:09what is it that you want?Neither of the above! Neither Norway or Canada.
0:36:09 > 0:36:15I want to reverse Brexit and take a second decision. The more we learn
0:36:15 > 0:36:20about Brexit the more we see that essentially we were mis-sold
0:36:20 > 0:36:23something at the beginning of this, the Financial Times reported this
0:36:23 > 0:36:29week that the cost already to the British economy is pretty much the
0:36:29 > 0:36:32equivalent of the £350 million a week than we thought we were going
0:36:32 > 0:36:37to save and put into the NHS if we left. So the economic costs are
0:36:37 > 0:36:43mounting, the risks are huge, our standing with friends and allies is
0:36:43 > 0:36:48in real doubt. I've just come back from Germany this morning and
0:36:48 > 0:36:55frankly people are completely perplexed by this.Are the risks
0:36:55 > 0:37:03huge because I read this evening that the UK has topped the four best
0:37:03 > 0:37:06countries for business, factory orders are booming for next year
0:37:06 > 0:37:14because of the cheap pound sterling. And the other thing that remain are
0:37:14 > 0:37:17still unexplained is what kind of Europe they want to belong to, is it
0:37:17 > 0:37:22a Europe, a United States of Europe because that seems to be the
0:37:22 > 0:37:28direction it is heading in.Well versed on the facts if you like,
0:37:28 > 0:37:33there is a little bit of manufacturing boom because of the
0:37:33 > 0:37:37depreciation of the pound, that same depreciation though that makes food
0:37:37 > 0:37:40more expensive in the shops, holidays more expensive abroad. And
0:37:40 > 0:37:46which ultimately, the parts going into manufacturing, that cost will
0:37:46 > 0:37:50go up as well so it is short-term shot in the arm. And what kind of
0:37:50 > 0:37:54Europe, I think it is pretty clear that the UK is always going to be in
0:37:54 > 0:38:00the kind of outer rim of Europe, not part of the euro, we will always be
0:38:00 > 0:38:03sceptical about the integration ambitions of the French or whatever.
0:38:03 > 0:38:07But the fact is it is a comfortable place to be, many other Europeans
0:38:07 > 0:38:13feel the same way. It is a pity that we have separated ourselves from
0:38:13 > 0:38:20them and lost her voice to influence the debate inside Europe.So you are
0:38:20 > 0:38:25spent your whole career working in organisations like the UN and
0:38:25 > 0:38:27British Government promoting democratic processes and good
0:38:27 > 0:38:33governance. Are you at all concerned that by trying to organise people in
0:38:33 > 0:38:38the Roman camp against this referendum that there might be a
0:38:38 > 0:38:41dangerous president of undermining democratic processes because after
0:38:41 > 0:38:45all the referendum was taken and the British people voted and we should
0:38:45 > 0:38:49respect that?Democracy is about continuing not a final for every
0:38:49 > 0:38:55choice. We have a referendum in the 1970s after all which said let us be
0:38:55 > 0:39:01in. So if that was the last word why did we have another. And again the
0:39:01 > 0:39:03fact is in the same way that we change government through the ballot
0:39:03 > 0:39:07box when we decide that the government has let us down, those
0:39:07 > 0:39:15who made the case for Brexit are in the process of letting us down. All
0:39:15 > 0:39:19the claims are being exposed as wrong, and we are simply not going
0:39:19 > 0:39:24to get the glories of getting our cake and eating it as the promised
0:39:24 > 0:39:29wanted. We're not going to have a trade deal without any costs. We're
0:39:29 > 0:39:34not going to have alignment of regulations with Europe unless that
0:39:34 > 0:39:38also governs trade with the rest of the world. And we will not have any
0:39:38 > 0:39:43of that except as Boris Johnson calls it, as a vassal state because
0:39:43 > 0:39:50were no longer going to be a rule maker but I will take. We are making
0:39:50 > 0:39:53ourselves or at risk of making ourselves a colony of Europe and not
0:39:53 > 0:39:58a sovereign state member of Europe. The voices are allowed on either
0:39:58 > 0:40:05side. We will see where the chips fall in the New Year. Thank you.
0:40:05 > 0:40:10Reports in from Mexico, a bus carrying tourists from US cruise
0:40:10 > 0:40:18ship has crashed killing at least 12 people. It happened on a highway and
0:40:18 > 0:40:23visitors bought 31 people were on board the bus at the time.
0:40:23 > 0:40:26They are perennial questions - how do we look younger, live longer,
0:40:26 > 0:40:27go faster, be stronger?
0:40:27 > 0:40:29Now, scientists here in the United States are predicting
0:40:29 > 0:40:32that there will soon be drugs that could help delay ageing.
0:40:32 > 0:40:35In the second of his special reports, our medical correspondent,
0:40:35 > 0:40:37Fergus Walsh travels to San Francisco and New York
0:40:37 > 0:40:39to meet the so-called 'superagers' who could hold the key -
0:40:39 > 0:40:42and hopefully share with us all - the secrets of a long
0:40:42 > 0:40:48and healthier life.
0:40:48 > 0:40:50New York Public Library, one of the city's grandest
0:40:50 > 0:40:53buildings, which has one of the city's oldest employees.
0:40:53 > 0:40:56Hilda Jaffe is still going strong at 95, so what's her
0:40:56 > 0:41:01secret to a long life?
0:41:01 > 0:41:03Pick your parents, it really is.
0:41:03 > 0:41:08It's got to be genetic because both my parents lived long.
0:41:08 > 0:41:10Good morning, Fergus, I'm glad you could meet me here
0:41:10 > 0:41:12in this absolutely beautiful room.
0:41:12 > 0:41:15Hilda gives tours of this historic building when she's not
0:41:15 > 0:41:21at the theatre, music concerts, opera or her two book clubs.
0:41:21 > 0:41:24I don't exercise, I walk, I walk a lot.
0:41:24 > 0:41:29If I had to give anybody advice I would say, just keep moving.
0:41:29 > 0:41:32Samples of Hilda's DNA are stored in this freezer in the Bronx,
0:41:32 > 0:41:37part of a study into longevity.
0:41:37 > 0:41:42They found only one in 10,000 people has protective superager genes,
0:41:42 > 0:41:47but say drugs might be able to help the rest of us.
0:41:47 > 0:41:50Metformin is an old, cheap diabetes drug,
0:41:50 > 0:41:55but a major trial is planned to see if it can delay ageing.
0:41:55 > 0:41:59I can get you 690 of those for $60.
0:41:59 > 0:42:01Scientists here believe it may slow the biological processes that
0:42:01 > 0:42:05trigger key diseases.
0:42:05 > 0:42:07We have data in humans that metformin would delay cardiovascular
0:42:07 > 0:42:14disease and will delay diabetes and is associated with less cancer,
0:42:14 > 0:42:19and seems to delay Alzheimers or cognitive decline in people.
0:42:19 > 0:42:22Ageing is an inevitable process which begins as we reach adulthood
0:42:22 > 0:42:24and continues through the decades as our muscles, bones
0:42:24 > 0:42:31and organs gradually wear out.
0:42:31 > 0:42:34This tai chi group in San Francisco show that we can delay that decline,
0:42:34 > 0:42:36it helps with balance, core strength and provides
0:42:36 > 0:42:41a social network.
0:42:41 > 0:42:44It makes me feel so young, I have so much fun.
0:42:44 > 0:42:47I feel like I'm in the kindergarten of the universe.
0:42:47 > 0:42:49My mother lived to 103.
0:42:49 > 0:42:53I don't desire to live that long, but I want to be as healthy
0:42:53 > 0:42:56as I can, as long as I can.
0:42:56 > 0:43:00That's an ambition we can all share.
0:43:00 > 0:43:03Imagine a future where it didn't hurt to get old,
0:43:03 > 0:43:07where our joints didn't wear out?
0:43:07 > 0:43:14It would have a huge impact on our quality of life as we age.
0:43:14 > 0:43:17This biotech company in California has developed a drug to counter
0:43:17 > 0:43:25one of the key diseases of ageing, osteoarthritis.
0:43:25 > 0:43:30Human trials of this experimental compound should begin next year.
0:43:30 > 0:43:33This is an area of the cartilage that is now diseased.
0:43:33 > 0:43:36You can see the cartilage is damaged.
0:43:36 > 0:43:41It works by clearing cells which build up in the knee joint,
0:43:41 > 0:43:44which maybe a trigger for the painful condition.
0:43:44 > 0:43:49A single injection that we believe and hope will alleviate their pain
0:43:49 > 0:43:51and begin the restorative process in their knee to perhaps at least
0:43:51 > 0:43:54halt, regress and even completely repair the knee in the end
0:43:54 > 0:44:00is what our wildest hopes would imagine.
0:44:00 > 0:44:03That would mean more people could age like Hilda,
0:44:03 > 0:44:06free of aches and pains and independent well into their 90s.
0:44:06 > 0:44:16Fergus Walsh, BBC News, New York.
0:44:22 > 0:44:26I failed to get you a Christmas present so that is it, longevity
0:44:26 > 0:44:27pills.
0:44:27 > 0:44:29This is Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:44:29 > 0:44:31Still to come - What do you make of 2017?
0:44:31 > 0:44:34We'll be putting that to our China and Europe editors as they reflect
0:44:34 > 0:44:37on the year that was - and look ahead to
0:44:37 > 0:44:40the one that's coming.
0:44:40 > 0:44:42Here in the UK, bomb disposal officers have raided a house
0:44:42 > 0:44:44in Derbyshire after a man was arrested on suspicion
0:44:44 > 0:44:45of plotting terror attacks.
0:44:45 > 0:44:47In total four men have been detained after raids
0:44:48 > 0:44:50in Sheffield and Chesterfield.
0:44:50 > 0:44:54Our correspondent, Danny Savage, reports.
0:44:54 > 0:44:56On a terraced street in Chesterfield today, Army bomb
0:44:56 > 0:45:01disposal experts were looking for explosives.
0:45:01 > 0:45:03They have been here for hours.
0:45:03 > 0:45:08Counter-terrorism officers arrested a 31-year-old man here this morning.
0:45:08 > 0:45:11In the predawn darkness, armed police were pictured guarding
0:45:11 > 0:45:16the scene as the raid took place.
0:45:16 > 0:45:19At the edge of the cordon, people evacuated from their homes couldn't
0:45:19 > 0:45:22believe what was happening in their streets.
0:45:22 > 0:45:24They come banging on the door saying, "You need to evacuate."
0:45:24 > 0:45:26My grandad refused to leave the house.
0:45:26 > 0:45:29He's still in there now. The only one on the street.
0:45:29 > 0:45:31And they said, "It's for your own safety, bomb
0:45:31 > 0:45:32disposal are here."
0:45:32 > 0:45:38They made everyone else leave apart from him.
0:45:38 > 0:45:40Arrests were made elsewhere too, as police took action against an
0:45:40 > 0:45:43alleged Islamist terror plot against the UK that could have come
0:45:43 > 0:45:44to fruition over Christmas.
0:45:44 > 0:45:46Although the most obvious activity was in
0:45:46 > 0:45:49Chesterfield, about 15 miles away in the Burngreave area of Sheffield,
0:45:49 > 0:45:52two other men were arrested.
0:45:52 > 0:45:55A business was raided, and another man
0:45:55 > 0:45:58was arrested in Meersbrook, where local people heard stun
0:45:58 > 0:46:01grenades being used.
0:46:01 > 0:46:04We were woken up at about 5:30 by a really, really loud bang.
0:46:04 > 0:46:08Initially we did think that somebody had crashed outside our house.
0:46:08 > 0:46:11So we were looking outside, and all we could see were police
0:46:11 > 0:46:15officers in riot gear.
0:46:15 > 0:46:20They were storming a house across the road from us.
0:46:20 > 0:46:25There was lots of running about, lots of shouting.
0:46:25 > 0:46:27This is the Fatima Community Centre in Sheffield, where
0:46:27 > 0:46:29two of the detained men were arrested in bedsits
0:46:29 > 0:46:31adjoining the centre.
0:46:31 > 0:46:33These were co-ordinated counter-terrorism raids, which may
0:46:33 > 0:46:35have stopped a plot timed to coincide with the
0:46:35 > 0:46:45Christmas holidays.
0:46:47 > 0:46:502017 has been a very busy year around the world.
0:46:50 > 0:46:53This week we're going to pick the brains of the BBC's top editors
0:46:53 > 0:46:55to get the key issues from their different
0:46:55 > 0:46:56areas of the globe.
0:46:56 > 0:46:58We're starting with Europe and China.
0:46:58 > 0:47:00Here in Europe, Brexit rolls on.
0:47:00 > 0:47:03So does Jeremy Corbyn.
0:47:03 > 0:47:08Populism was defeated in France, Macron is the new Emperor.
0:47:08 > 0:47:10But in Germany the AFD are in the Bundestag.
0:47:10 > 0:47:13And Angela Merkel is wobbling.
0:47:13 > 0:47:17In China, Xi Jinping becomes the most powerful leader since Mao.
0:47:17 > 0:47:20We'll be speaking to Carrie Gracie - our China Editor and our
0:47:20 > 0:47:23Europe Editor, Katya Adler in just a moment - but first,
0:47:23 > 0:47:25this gives you a flavour of what they've been
0:47:25 > 0:47:29covering this year.
0:47:29 > 0:47:36And where is Carles Puigdemont and after he declared the new Catalan
0:47:36 > 0:47:39republic, when he left Barcelona this weekend and came here to the
0:47:39 > 0:47:45medieval town of Tirana. His hometown and also known as the
0:47:45 > 0:47:49heartland of Catalan nationalism. This is the art of the deal
0:47:49 > 0:47:54according to Trump, it says you can't be imaginative if you have too
0:47:54 > 0:47:59much structure. But this is the art of war, essential reading for
0:47:59 > 0:48:05Chinese statesman, it says know your enemy, know yourself. The supreme
0:48:05 > 0:48:09victory is to subdue your enemy without a fight.
0:48:09 > 0:48:14Well Katya and Carrie are with us now.
0:48:14 > 0:48:18The perception from this side of the Atlantic is it has been a very good
0:48:18 > 0:48:21year for Xi Jinping, he has amassed a lot of barrelled through the
0:48:21 > 0:48:25Congress and China is expanding and possibly stepping into the space
0:48:25 > 0:48:30that America is living in terms of global leadership. How is it seen
0:48:30 > 0:48:34from China?Exactly like that, I think many Chinese feel that
0:48:34 > 0:48:40President Trump has contributed not to making America great again but
0:48:40 > 0:48:45making China great again over the past year. And that of course is the
0:48:45 > 0:48:49big theme of Xi Jinping, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese people.
0:48:49 > 0:48:54And I know you have been talking about the strategic security review
0:48:54 > 0:48:59in the United States and this discussion about seeing China as a
0:48:59 > 0:49:04rival rather than a cooperative power. But for the past year
0:49:04 > 0:49:09suddenly the United States has provided an opportunity, the arrival
0:49:09 > 0:49:13of Trump provided an opportunity for President Xi Jinping because with
0:49:13 > 0:49:18him pulling back on climate change and on big trade agreements for the
0:49:18 > 0:49:21Asia-Pacific, that has given Xi Jinping the opportunity to step into
0:49:21 > 0:49:25those shoes and present himself as the mature and responsible
0:49:25 > 0:49:32statesman.I can also imagine that the Chinese are a bit confused about
0:49:32 > 0:49:35what the American president thinks of their leader. Let's listen to
0:49:35 > 0:49:42some of the conflicting things he has said.We cannot continue to
0:49:42 > 0:49:46allow China to break our country. They have taken our money, they have
0:49:46 > 0:49:54taken our jobs. China is a currency manipulator. America has lost 70,000
0:49:54 > 0:50:01factories. Since China entered the world trade organisation. When you
0:50:01 > 0:50:06look at China, when you look at every country, every trade deal we
0:50:06 > 0:50:13have, it is horrible. It is going to be only America first. Who can blame
0:50:13 > 0:50:17a country for being able to take advantage of another country. For
0:50:17 > 0:50:24the benefit of its citizens. I give China great credit.I'm confused and
0:50:24 > 0:50:28I have been following this story nonstop for the past year.It is
0:50:28 > 0:50:35interesting because the Chinese are not confused, they see this as a
0:50:35 > 0:50:38cycle, as an electoral cycle on the US, there are quite cynical about
0:50:38 > 0:50:43that and also they see it as a historical cycle as in every time a
0:50:43 > 0:50:49US president comes into power, certainly over the past 15, 16
0:50:49 > 0:50:56years, they have said we're to take China as a big strategic issue. For
0:50:56 > 0:51:01George W Bush, his administration were all set to stay the same thing
0:51:01 > 0:51:06is roughly that we had Donald Trump saying yesterday but then September
0:51:06 > 0:51:12the 11th happened and the United States needed China in other ways.
0:51:12 > 0:51:162009, Barack Obama, the financial crisis around the globe. And all
0:51:16 > 0:51:19kinds of domestic political problems as well as problems in the Middle
0:51:19 > 0:51:26East. So then he got distracted from that. And now President Trump, he
0:51:26 > 0:51:30wanted to come into power and to get tough with China but then he needed
0:51:30 > 0:51:37them on North Korea and yet again the rhetoric has been deluded. I
0:51:37 > 0:51:42think the thing the Chinese would look at now is the message yesterday
0:51:42 > 0:51:50that this is arrival, a revisionist power and economic, military and
0:51:50 > 0:51:54ideological terms, hostile to US values. They will want to know now
0:51:54 > 0:51:58that is just rhetoric or if it is for real.It seems that everybody is
0:51:58 > 0:52:03trying to work out how to play Donald Trump. The Germans and French
0:52:03 > 0:52:10have gone and it in different ways. When it comes to Donald Trump,
0:52:10 > 0:52:15looking at the EU you have 28 member states and looking at him and really
0:52:15 > 0:52:20wondering always what is going to do next. Trade is on the minds of the
0:52:20 > 0:52:24EU but also security. Because since the end of World War II Europe has
0:52:24 > 0:52:30depended on the US for its global security. If you look at Angela
0:52:30 > 0:52:34Merkel she is someone who always has her eye on domestic issues yes and
0:52:34 > 0:52:38especially at the moment but always on the bigger picture, someone who
0:52:38 > 0:52:44grew up in East Germany and is very much aware of its Nazi past, looking
0:52:44 > 0:52:48at Fatima Putin as knowing that he would like to weaken the unity of
0:52:48 > 0:52:53the EU. She looks at Donald Trump, he took quite a hit when campaigning
0:52:53 > 0:53:00for president at the EU as well. Worried about his commitment to
0:53:00 > 0:53:03Nato, his personal commitment to Nato and this worries France as much
0:53:03 > 0:53:09as Germany as well. And every other single European Union state. They do
0:53:09 > 0:53:13not know what to make of him, they do believe he's here to stay and the
0:53:13 > 0:53:16thinking in Brussels is that he could be elected for a second term
0:53:16 > 0:53:21so they are not to alienate him and criticise him and they are taking
0:53:21 > 0:53:26steps within the EU to try to bolster their own defence a little
0:53:26 > 0:53:30bit more and not just rely on the US.Yet I get the impression that
0:53:30 > 0:53:35Emanuel Macron sees an opportunity here on climate change and perhaps
0:53:35 > 0:53:41Iran as well, and he is worked out that if you soothe his ego you can
0:53:41 > 0:53:47do an awful lot with Donald Trump. There was that famous handshake when
0:53:47 > 0:53:50Emanuel Macron Matt Donald Trump and he was going to be the one to really
0:53:50 > 0:53:56shake that had family. I think what will be interesting next year is
0:53:56 > 0:54:00whether Emanuel Macron falls into the same unfortunate boxers Barack
0:54:00 > 0:54:04Obama at the time, you remember he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
0:54:04 > 0:54:08before he really achieved anything. And Barack Obama in that way peaked
0:54:08 > 0:54:13too early in global opinion. Is it the same with Emanuel Macron, you
0:54:13 > 0:54:19described in there as the new Emperor of Europe. That title was
0:54:19 > 0:54:25given previously to Angela Merkel but her crown is now slipping.
0:54:25 > 0:54:31Certainly she was uncomfortable with the idea that she might take over as
0:54:31 > 0:54:35the global leader in moral values if you like after Barack Obama stepped
0:54:35 > 0:54:39down. He chose his last visit as US president to come to Berlin to see
0:54:39 > 0:54:46her. But Germany and Angela Merkel have gone through a very
0:54:46 > 0:54:49uncomfortable phase, too much in the limelight as leaders given though
0:54:49 > 0:54:52economically and politically it is still the strongest country in
0:54:52 > 0:54:57Europe. But Emanuel Macron is not so bashful. But how he lives up to that
0:54:57 > 0:55:03reputation will have to see.And they gave a joint press conference
0:55:03 > 0:55:08actually on Friday, I think they may beware about his comments about who
0:55:08 > 0:55:15has the upper hand at the moment. Briefly, the big issue for China
0:55:15 > 0:55:24next year?I think the key issue for China at the end of the day is
0:55:24 > 0:55:28whether it solves its problem at home because the reform is now 40
0:55:28 > 0:55:32years old in China, they have huge contradictory problems in the
0:55:32 > 0:55:36economy going on with enormous leverage with poverty, with
0:55:36 > 0:55:41pollution, they have a property tax effectively and no pensions that
0:55:41 > 0:55:47work. So Xi Jinping needs to use this new power he has to resolve the
0:55:47 > 0:55:51key domestic problems which will provide the launch pad to that
0:55:51 > 0:55:58superpower status that he wants.We will be watching all of those
0:55:58 > 0:56:03countries during the course of the next year, thank you very much.
0:56:03 > 0:56:06And on tomorrow's show - Brexit, Trump, May and Moscow -
0:56:06 > 0:56:09the year that was, and the year that could be according to our UK
0:56:09 > 0:56:11Political Editor, Laura Kuenssberg, and North America Editor,
0:56:11 > 0:56:12Jon Sopel.
0:56:12 > 0:56:22That's tomorrow on Beyond One Hundred Days, from 1900 GMT.
0:56:24 > 0:56:26We look forward to that tomorrow.
0:56:26 > 0:56:29Coming up next on BBC World News - Ros Atkins is here with
0:56:29 > 0:56:32Outside Source and for viewers in the UK - we'll have the latest