0:00:09 > 0:00:10You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:00:10 > 0:00:13North and South Korea open communication channels
0:00:13 > 0:00:16as Donald Trump launches a twitter taunt.
0:00:16 > 0:00:19In a slew of tweets, the US President boasts
0:00:19 > 0:00:24that his nuclear button is bigger than that of Kim Jong Un.
0:00:24 > 0:00:26Maybe it was just a joke, but goading a leader
0:00:26 > 0:00:31as unpredictable as North Korea's could also be reckless.
0:00:31 > 0:00:33For protestors out again on the streets of Iran,
0:00:33 > 0:00:36Mr Trump offers respect and promises America's support.
0:00:36 > 0:00:46What that means in practice is not yet clear.
0:00:46 > 0:00:52And the president has choice words for his former chief strategist. He
0:00:52 > 0:00:56said when he lost his job he also lost his mind.
0:00:56 > 0:00:57Also on the programme.
0:00:57 > 0:01:00Polluting the planet - almost all the plastic in our oceans
0:01:00 > 0:01:02comes from just 10 rivers - we report from one of
0:01:03 > 0:01:05them - India's Ganges.
0:01:05 > 0:01:12The first polar bear cub for 25 years in the UK is born in Scotland
0:01:12 > 0:01:14although it has not yet been seen.
0:01:14 > 0:01:22Get in touch with us using the hashtag 'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'
0:01:22 > 0:01:28Hello and welcome - I'm Katty Kay in New York
0:01:28 > 0:01:30and Christian Fraser is in London.
0:01:30 > 0:01:32America's Commander in Chief has no reason for insecurity.
0:01:32 > 0:01:33He controls the world's largest nuclear arsenal,
0:01:33 > 0:01:35he directs the world's most advanced military machine.
0:01:35 > 0:01:38And yet Donald Trump feels it necessary to publicly compare
0:01:38 > 0:01:43the size of his nuclear button with that of North Korea.
0:01:43 > 0:01:45Mr Trump is correct that Pyongyang is the biggest
0:01:45 > 0:01:47global security threat.
0:01:47 > 0:01:51Kim Jung Un is reckless and unpredictable.
0:01:51 > 0:01:53But the decision to taunt such a leader, on twitter,
0:01:53 > 0:01:55has brought wide scale condemnation.
0:01:55 > 0:01:58And it comes on the very day that South Korea has re-established
0:01:58 > 0:02:02a link with the north for the first time in two years.
0:02:02 > 0:02:10Rupert Wingfield Hayes reports from Seoul.
0:02:10 > 0:02:13On Monday, Kim Jong-Un welcomed in the New Year with a more
0:02:13 > 0:02:16conventional display of fireworks than the sort he's been firing
0:02:16 > 0:02:20off throughout 2017.
0:02:20 > 0:02:23But anyone who was hoping his New Year message would carry
0:02:23 > 0:02:29an offer of peace and goodwill was quickly disappointed.
0:02:29 > 0:02:31"The entire United States is within range of our nuclear
0:02:31 > 0:02:34weapons", he said, "and the nuclear button is always on my desk".
0:02:34 > 0:02:39"This is reality, not a threat".
0:02:39 > 0:02:42That was all the excuse President Donald Trump needed,
0:02:42 > 0:02:44and as we have now come to expect, his response came
0:02:44 > 0:02:54in a Twitter tirade.
0:03:08 > 0:03:13So 2018 has begun pretty much as 2017 ended, with the president
0:03:13 > 0:03:16of the United States and the dictator of North Korea
0:03:16 > 0:03:19hurling threats at each other, while the rest of the world looks
0:03:19 > 0:03:24on mostly in dismay.
0:03:24 > 0:03:28But here in Seoul, 2018 has begun at least with a glimmer of hope,
0:03:28 > 0:03:31because as of this afternoon, North and South Korea are talking
0:03:31 > 0:03:34to each other again by telephone.
0:03:34 > 0:03:37Out of the blue, Pyongyang suddenly reconnected the hotline
0:03:37 > 0:03:43between the two Koreas that Kim Jong-Un had personally ordered
0:03:43 > 0:03:45cut off two years ago.
0:03:45 > 0:03:47In his New Year address, Kim also said he was prepared
0:03:47 > 0:03:50to send a team to take part in the Winter Olympics
0:03:50 > 0:03:55which begin here in South Korea in a little over a month.
0:03:55 > 0:03:58The US State Department accused North Korea of attempting to drive
0:03:58 > 0:04:02a wedge between the US and its South Korean ally.
0:04:02 > 0:04:06And it could be right.
0:04:06 > 0:04:08But for the 20 million people of Seoul who live within firing
0:04:08 > 0:04:11range of North Korea's artillery, any sign that Pyongyang is willing
0:04:11 > 0:04:18to talk is a New Year gift they will welcome.
0:04:18 > 0:04:23Rupert Wingfield-Hayes, BBC News, in Seoul.
0:04:23 > 0:04:26For more let's speak to Vali Nasr - former state department official
0:04:26 > 0:04:32and dean of the Johns Hopkins school of international studies.
0:04:32 > 0:04:39Thank you for coming in. I have to ask you first about the tweet on the
0:04:39 > 0:04:45size of the nuclear button. Is there any good that can come to the United
0:04:45 > 0:04:49States from taunting Kim Jong-un like this?No and not just the
0:04:49 > 0:04:55president taunting him, we've seen King John and was able to taunt the
0:04:55 > 0:04:59president. And everyone around the world will be watching how easy it
0:04:59 > 0:05:04is to get under the skin of the US president. -- Kim Jong Un. And get
0:05:04 > 0:05:08him to react in ways that will be disruptive to US foreign policy and
0:05:08 > 0:05:13could change the direction of things on the ground. I think if Kim Jong
0:05:13 > 0:05:18Un is listening he will not be necessarily furious or intimidated
0:05:18 > 0:05:23by people like what the president said, that he elevated him to his
0:05:23 > 0:05:29own level so the entire world News today is focused on these two world
0:05:29 > 0:05:34leaders essentially being treated within the same sentence as equals.
0:05:34 > 0:05:41So it is a victory for Kim Jong Un. Meanwhile of course we see these
0:05:41 > 0:05:45signs off at least an opening up of communication channels between North
0:05:45 > 0:05:50and South Korea. Where do you think that Leeds.I think that will not go
0:05:50 > 0:05:54far but it will lessen tensions, at least the fear that so hard that
0:05:54 > 0:06:00they could be bombarded by artillery shells from North Korea, that will
0:06:00 > 0:06:07be less now. And I think they will explore ways to create some kind of
0:06:07 > 0:06:08stability in very tense circumstances. I think they're
0:06:08 > 0:06:13watching on the one hand a positive move from North Korea and negative
0:06:13 > 0:06:16moves from Washington and that will create a certain degree of
0:06:16 > 0:06:21turbulence in the and South Korean relations and also between the US
0:06:21 > 0:06:29and Japan.I need to ask about tweet regarding Pakistan and also
0:06:29 > 0:06:33Palestine, the idea of cutting off money. Maybe other presidents have
0:06:33 > 0:06:38been complacent and Iran and the Palestinians have been getting away
0:06:38 > 0:06:44with too much but perhaps also when these countries look at the way that
0:06:44 > 0:06:47things are shaping up in Washington they think we do not need to stick
0:06:47 > 0:06:51with the United States any more. Maybe we're better off with China or
0:06:51 > 0:06:56Russia and they may be become more radical.Well Pakistan already has
0:06:56 > 0:07:00been building a powerful strategic relationship with China so this is
0:07:00 > 0:07:05Pakistan that now has much more support outside of the United States
0:07:05 > 0:07:10compared to the Obama period. But it is one thing to browbeat world
0:07:10 > 0:07:14leaders in private and threaten them but another thing to try to
0:07:14 > 0:07:17humiliate them in public. And leaders especially in the Middle
0:07:17 > 0:07:22East or Pakistan have a public and cannot be seen to be humiliated by
0:07:22 > 0:07:26the president of the United States and basically then to accommodate
0:07:26 > 0:07:31whatever he's asking for. So do anything they will feel compelled to
0:07:31 > 0:07:35be more intransigent and begin and try to react to what the president
0:07:35 > 0:07:42has said. And all he might end up achieving is to create a cycle of
0:07:42 > 0:07:45rhetoric where he says one thing, they have to react publicly and then
0:07:45 > 0:07:50he will react to their reaction. This is not the way to actually get
0:07:50 > 0:07:56things done. I think President Trump is forgotten at least in the case of
0:07:56 > 0:07:59Pakistan that as uncooperative as Pakistan may be, it could be even
0:07:59 > 0:08:04more uncooperative and that would hurt the United States and effort in
0:08:04 > 0:08:07Afghanistan.Good to have you with us.
0:08:07 > 0:08:10The President hasn't just been tweeting about North Korea -
0:08:10 > 0:08:14he's also voiced strong support for protestors in Iran.
0:08:14 > 0:08:16A short while ago I spoke to Republican Congressman
0:08:16 > 0:08:24and former CIA officer, Will Hurd.
0:08:24 > 0:08:28In the past day the president and his ambassador to the United Nations
0:08:28 > 0:08:32have both made it clear that they strongly support the protesters in
0:08:32 > 0:08:37Iran. If there is a change of American policy towards Iran as a
0:08:37 > 0:08:41result of these protests, what would it be.Well as you not think that
0:08:41 > 0:08:47there is a change in their approach to Iran, I think most people believe
0:08:47 > 0:08:51the way to prevent Iran becoming a nuclear power is that you have to
0:08:51 > 0:08:55see a different government and the only way to have that in Iran is if
0:08:55 > 0:09:02the Iranian people will did so. I think that is why these protests are
0:09:02 > 0:09:06so important and that is why every gives important for all of us in the
0:09:06 > 0:09:09rest of the world to amplify the message of the Iranian protesters
0:09:09 > 0:09:15rather than magnifying the message of what President Rohani was the
0:09:15 > 0:09:18supreme leader are talking about. The president, his tone is
0:09:18 > 0:09:23noticeably different from those of European leaders. Would you given
0:09:23 > 0:09:27the stronger business dies of Europe to Iran, what you expected European
0:09:27 > 0:09:34leaders to step up more forcibly in Sabre -- in favour of the
0:09:34 > 0:09:38protesters?I would hope to see my friends in Europe be more vocal in
0:09:38 > 0:09:41support of the Iranian people and I hope they do not make the same
0:09:41 > 0:09:46mistake that was made in 2009 by the then US president in not showing
0:09:46 > 0:09:50support for the movement in the way that we should have. And some will
0:09:50 > 0:09:57say that any outside force or outside government saying anything
0:09:57 > 0:10:02positive in support of the protest is going to cause the Iranian
0:10:02 > 0:10:06government to say EC, these are outside influences. But they are
0:10:06 > 0:10:10going to say that regardless and it is important for us to make sure the
0:10:10 > 0:10:14Iranian people know the rest of the world is behind them 100%. The
0:10:14 > 0:10:19Iranian people need to know the rest of the world supports protesting as
0:10:19 > 0:10:23a right, written into the Iranian constitution and that any crackdown
0:10:23 > 0:10:28by the government on people protesting for better economic
0:10:28 > 0:10:32situations, that is a human rights violation. We are already seeing
0:10:32 > 0:10:39more than two dozen deaths and this is something that should not happen.
0:10:39 > 0:10:43I wondered if I could ask you, giving you sit on the house
0:10:43 > 0:10:48intelligence committee, about this new book from Michael Wolff, fire
0:10:48 > 0:10:52and fury inside the Trump White House. Many reports today about some
0:10:52 > 0:10:57of the quotes especially from Steve Bannon, former special adviser to
0:10:57 > 0:11:02the president. And referring to the meeting between Donald Trump junior
0:11:02 > 0:11:07and Jared Kushner in Trump Tower in 2016 with the Russians. Even if you
0:11:07 > 0:11:11thought this was not treasonous or unpatriotic or bad he says, and I
0:11:11 > 0:11:15happen to think it's all about, you should have called the FBI
0:11:15 > 0:11:17immediately. Does your committee think that the meeting was
0:11:17 > 0:11:24treasonous?Well I'm a former CIA officer and I was undercover, I was
0:11:24 > 0:11:29the guy in the back alleys at four o'clock in the morning collecting
0:11:29 > 0:11:32intelligence and having that background I would not have taken
0:11:32 > 0:11:36any meeting with any officials from the Russian government. That should
0:11:36 > 0:11:40not have happened. But what we are doing now is the number of
0:11:40 > 0:11:43committees that are investigating the Russian activity in our
0:11:43 > 0:11:48elections is making sure everyone knows what was said, when it was
0:11:48 > 0:11:52said, how it was sad. And this is something that the house
0:11:52 > 0:11:56intelligence committee I sit on, we're going to explore this area as
0:11:56 > 0:12:02robustly as needs to be and follow up every lead.Briefly, I just want
0:12:02 > 0:12:08to ask about the tweet about North Korea and comparing the size of his
0:12:08 > 0:12:11nuclear button with that of Kim Jong Un. What do you make of that as a
0:12:11 > 0:12:15Republican?I think it was unnecessary and I think what we
0:12:15 > 0:12:19should be talking about is the fact that the North Koreans are willing
0:12:19 > 0:12:24to participate in the Olympics in South Korea, that the South Koreans
0:12:24 > 0:12:27are reaching out to have direct talks with North Korea for the first
0:12:27 > 0:12:32time in two years. And the US Government is in talks with North
0:12:32 > 0:12:35Korea as long as we are talking, we are not shooting.Thank you very
0:12:35 > 0:12:49much. Well much being weighed -- being made in Washington about that
0:12:49 > 0:12:56new book. Some choice quotes from former special adviser Steve Bannon
0:12:56 > 0:13:02about the relationship with Russia. It did not take the White House long
0:13:02 > 0:13:05to respond. Quite an extra ordinary statement. Here it goes.
0:13:05 > 0:13:08Steve Bannon has nothing to do with me or my Presidency.
0:13:08 > 0:13:11When he was fired, he not only lost his job, he lost his mind.
0:13:11 > 0:13:14Steve doesn't represent my base - he's only in it for himself.
0:13:14 > 0:13:16Steve pretends to be at war with the media,
0:13:16 > 0:13:19which he calls the opposition party, yet he spent his time
0:13:19 > 0:13:22at the White House leaking false information to the media to make
0:13:22 > 0:13:25himself seem far more important than he was.
0:13:25 > 0:13:30It is the only thing he does well.
0:13:30 > 0:13:32Steve was rarely in a one-on-one meeting with me and only
0:13:32 > 0:13:35pretends to have had influence to fool a few people
0:13:35 > 0:13:43with no access and no clue, whom he helped write phony books.
0:13:43 > 0:13:45Let's bring in our North America Editor Jon Sopel
0:13:45 > 0:13:49who's in Washington.
0:13:49 > 0:13:54I think the president has just press the button on his former special
0:13:54 > 0:13:59adviser. We should wait for the fallout!And it is a bigger button
0:13:59 > 0:14:09and more powerful than Steve Bannon has got. That is for sure. I think
0:14:09 > 0:14:15there was a sense of core blimey but an extraordinary statement that we
0:14:15 > 0:14:19have had from the president about Steve Bannon. I guess there is some
0:14:19 > 0:14:22strategy in it as well because if the statement had not been made we
0:14:22 > 0:14:26would be concentrating on the question you just put to the
0:14:26 > 0:14:30congressman about whether the meeting that took place in Trump
0:14:30 > 0:14:33Tower was unpatriotic, whether it was treasonous. Instead we're going
0:14:33 > 0:14:37to focus on this extraordinary broadside that the president has
0:14:37 > 0:14:41fired against his former chief of strategy, his former campaign
0:14:41 > 0:14:46director in which she said he lost his job, he lost his mind and all
0:14:46 > 0:14:51those other extraordinary quotes you just read out.Just to bring up some
0:14:51 > 0:14:55of the other comments from Steve Bannon, talks about why it is so
0:14:55 > 0:14:59dangerous for the president, he's talking about the money. Do we have
0:14:59 > 0:15:06that? Let us just show you. Again from inside this book and it is all
0:15:06 > 0:15:14about money laundering.
0:15:22 > 0:15:27He is going after people that are right next to the president and his
0:15:27 > 0:15:32family.His son-in-law and his son. And that is why it is so toxic. Any
0:15:32 > 0:15:39time that I tweet or you tweet about Trump and the Russian investigation
0:15:39 > 0:15:43you will get a volley of criticism from Trump supporters saying there
0:15:43 > 0:15:47is no evidence of collusion, it is all a lot of nonsense. Now we have
0:15:47 > 0:15:51someone from the very heart of the campaign, the very heart of the
0:15:51 > 0:15:56White House saying look at this, this is what is going to go after,
0:15:56 > 0:16:01this is what it was clearly going on. And has given I would imagine
0:16:01 > 0:16:06that Mueller is thinking, that is exactly what I'm investigating. Much
0:16:06 > 0:16:10harder now to deny this is all a load of stuff and nonsense.And to
0:16:10 > 0:16:15put this in the broader political contest, we are making a big deal of
0:16:15 > 0:16:18the statement because Steve Bannon is not just Steve Bannon and Donald
0:16:18 > 0:16:22Trump is not just Donald Trump, they represent warring factions within
0:16:22 > 0:16:25the Republican party and you could say the future of the Conservative
0:16:25 > 0:16:30movement in the United States. And this war has now just exploded very
0:16:30 > 0:16:37publicly. What happens to Steve Bannon now?I think we will see the
0:16:37 > 0:16:40Republican establishment, the White House, doing their absolute best to
0:16:40 > 0:16:44destroy him and you know that is the statement the White House has
0:16:44 > 0:16:50issued. I would expect Sarah Sanders to identify, intensify the attack in
0:16:50 > 0:16:54the briefing in the next hour. And some in the White House will be
0:16:54 > 0:16:58dancing a happy dance today, they wanted to purge the White House of
0:16:58 > 0:17:02influence, purge the president of the influence of Steve Bannon. And
0:17:02 > 0:17:06as a result of him giving this interview for that book I think that
0:17:06 > 0:17:13part of it has been successful. But I'm reminded of a quote about the
0:17:13 > 0:17:16former head of the FBI J Edgar Hoover, better to have someone
0:17:16 > 0:17:19outside the tent looking in rather than inside the tent looking out. I
0:17:19 > 0:17:24do not think that is the exact phrase.Words to that effect. Good
0:17:24 > 0:17:30to have you with us as ever. Thank you very much. It is only the 3rd of
0:17:30 > 0:17:37January, extraordinary Twitter -fest from the president and now this. And
0:17:37 > 0:17:42I think it points to some of the warfare that was there in the early
0:17:42 > 0:17:47days within the White House.It is interesting, a few hours ago just
0:17:47 > 0:17:51before the revelations about the book I spoke to someone on the
0:17:51 > 0:17:56security side who said that they wanted to know why the president had
0:17:56 > 0:18:00sent 16 tweet yesterday. Fairly in century tweets, we touched on just
0:18:00 > 0:18:05some of them but there are more as well. Why was he sending both tweeds
0:18:05 > 0:18:09and in the past when the president has sent a group of tweets that
0:18:09 > 0:18:12seemed stressed, it was because something was going on in the White
0:18:12 > 0:18:16House. You have to wonder whether this book by Michael Wolff is what
0:18:16 > 0:18:21provoked the Twitter storm yesterday because what Steve Bannon says, the
0:18:21 > 0:18:24president really does not going to like and also those committees of
0:18:24 > 0:18:28course we'll look at as well. These links to Russia are what hangs over
0:18:28 > 0:18:32this presidency and Steve Bannon has just exploded all of that and made
0:18:32 > 0:18:38it public and the president can fire him I'd better have someone I think
0:18:38 > 0:18:46he used the word looking in than looking out.Well that is a piece in
0:18:46 > 0:18:49the New York Times today from the people who commissioned that
0:18:49 > 0:18:54explosive dossier which the FBI have been looking into and they're saying
0:18:54 > 0:18:59and this goes back to the point we were making to congressman Will
0:18:59 > 0:19:04Hurd, that the Republican committee on the hill, in their words they are
0:19:04 > 0:19:07going after the rabbit instead of the bears. Focusing on peripheral
0:19:07 > 0:19:11issues and nothing to do with the Russian issue when they should be
0:19:11 > 0:19:14focusing on that meeting Steve Bannon refers to, the meeting in
0:19:14 > 0:19:19Trump Tower and the money. Are they following the money, subpoenaing
0:19:19 > 0:19:22some of the financial records. I think this puts more pressure on
0:19:22 > 0:19:32some of those committees. Let's look at some of the other news.
0:19:32 > 0:19:34The problem of plastic waste and the impact it is having
0:19:34 > 0:19:37on our planet and our ecosystems- is a subject the BBC has been
0:19:37 > 0:19:38exploring this week.
0:19:38 > 0:19:41According to a recent study - 95% of plastic pollution
0:19:41 > 0:19:44in the world's oceans comes from just 10 rivers.
0:19:44 > 0:19:47One of them is the Ganges in India.
0:19:47 > 0:19:49Our correspondent, Sanjoy Majumder reports from the banks
0:19:49 > 0:19:53of the holy city of Varanasi.
0:19:53 > 0:19:55This looks like a drain carrying sewage.
0:19:55 > 0:19:59But it is actually a tributary of the Ganges.
0:19:59 > 0:20:01The waste along its banks choking and contaminating one
0:20:02 > 0:20:05of the world's greatest rivers.
0:20:05 > 0:20:07Every day wrappers, bottles, cups and other plastic
0:20:07 > 0:20:09waste is deposited here.
0:20:09 > 0:20:12Slowly sliding into the water and then eventually
0:20:12 > 0:20:15flowing into the Ganges.
0:20:15 > 0:20:18For centuries some of India's greatest cities have been
0:20:18 > 0:20:20built along its banks.
0:20:20 > 0:20:24Varanasi the oldest one of them.
0:20:24 > 0:20:26It's only when you come to the ancient city of Varanasi
0:20:26 > 0:20:29that you realise how this mighty River that is so central
0:20:29 > 0:20:32to the Hindu faith, that sustains the lives and beliefs of nearly half
0:20:32 > 0:20:37a billion people, is as polluted as it is.
0:20:37 > 0:20:41The Ganges is more than a river to Indians, it is sacred to Hindus
0:20:41 > 0:20:45who pray and worship along its banks and cremate their dead in it.
0:20:45 > 0:20:48From the time it flows out of the icy heights
0:20:48 > 0:20:51of the Himalayas until it gets here, its crystal clear waters give way
0:20:51 > 0:20:55to a fetid, muddy flow.
0:20:55 > 0:21:01Contaminated by the millions who live along its banks.
0:21:01 > 0:21:04Five generations of this family have lived along the Ganges in Varanasie.
0:21:04 > 0:21:10Living witnesses to its gradual degradation.
0:21:10 > 0:21:12TRANSLATION: There is an old saying here that the Ganges
0:21:12 > 0:21:13belongs to everyone.
0:21:13 > 0:21:16You are free to do what you want, throw what you want,
0:21:16 > 0:21:18cremate dead bodies, bathe, wash, and you
0:21:18 > 0:21:20will achieve salvation.
0:21:20 > 0:21:22But we are being irresponsible.
0:21:22 > 0:21:26We do not have the right to pollute the Ganges this way.
0:21:26 > 0:21:28Three years ago the Indian government pledged more
0:21:28 > 0:21:31than £2 billion to clean up the Ganges.
0:21:31 > 0:21:35But much of the money remains unspent and the focus in any case
0:21:35 > 0:21:39is on treating sewage and industrial effluents.
0:21:39 > 0:21:41So the only people trying to prevent plastic waste
0:21:41 > 0:21:48being dumped into the river are these scrap pickers.
0:21:48 > 0:21:51TRANSLATION: Every day we pick up about ten to 20 kilos of plastic.
0:21:51 > 0:21:54We have to sift through the rubbish and segregate the plastic.
0:21:54 > 0:21:57It is estimated that every year 1.2 billion pounds of plastic waste
0:21:57 > 0:22:01is dumped into the Ganges.
0:22:01 > 0:22:04Much of it carried into the Bay of Bengal where the river
0:22:04 > 0:22:14eventually empties out.
0:22:15 > 0:22:18A holiday maker, fed up with delays has taken matters
0:22:18 > 0:22:22into his own hands in Spain.
0:22:22 > 0:22:24The Ryanair passenger, whose flight was an hour late
0:22:24 > 0:22:26taking off from London, then made to wait thirty minutes
0:22:26 > 0:22:28before disembarking in Malaga, reportedly announced,
0:22:28 > 0:22:30"I'm going via the wing", before opening the emergency exit
0:22:30 > 0:22:36and sitting on the wing.
0:22:36 > 0:22:46He was later arrested by airport security.
0:22:48 > 0:22:51The US remains in the grip of some extremely cold weather -
0:22:51 > 0:22:53which is causing problems even in some southern states.
0:22:53 > 0:22:55Blizzard conditions across upstate New York caused a multi-vehicle
0:22:55 > 0:22:57pile-up which killed one person, and injured several others.
0:22:57 > 0:22:59While icy conditions also led to dangerously slippery roads
0:22:59 > 0:23:07in Hurst County in Texas.
0:23:07 > 0:23:11It is so cold in America right now that penguins in one zoo have had to
0:23:11 > 0:23:19go inside. But in the UK a polar bear has given birth for the first
0:23:19 > 0:23:24time in 25 years. And the parents both doing very well. But the cup
0:23:24 > 0:23:30itself has not yet been seen. Staff at the Highland wildlife park in
0:23:30 > 0:23:35Scotland say they first heard his cries in early December but the cup
0:23:35 > 0:23:46is not expected to emerge until March.
0:23:46 > 0:23:48Up in the snowy hills of Highlands, listen carefully.
0:23:48 > 0:23:51A sound which has not been heard in the UK for 25 years -
0:23:51 > 0:23:55the cries of a new-born polar bear cub emerged from this den the week
0:23:55 > 0:23:56before Christmas.
0:23:56 > 0:23:58And they have been heard every day since.
0:23:58 > 0:24:00This is dad Arctos, he is in a separate enclosure.
0:24:00 > 0:24:05He can feed and play.
0:24:05 > 0:24:07For now, mum Victoria must not be disturbed,
0:24:07 > 0:24:08but the park is very excited.
0:24:08 > 0:24:11We discovered the cub when my colleague Nicky went up
0:24:11 > 0:24:14there on one of my days off and she rang me very
0:24:14 > 0:24:16excitedly to tell me that she could hear a cub
0:24:16 > 0:24:17in the den.
0:24:17 > 0:24:20It is a very distinctive, very loud noise that the cubs make.
0:24:20 > 0:24:23So she was incredibly excited and then the next day I heard
0:24:23 > 0:24:30the noise for myself.
0:24:30 > 0:24:32Arktos and Victoria mated last year.
0:24:32 > 0:24:35This footage shows a polar Bear club born in the Netherlands.
0:24:35 > 0:24:40They have a high mortality rate in the first few weeks,
0:24:40 > 0:24:42due to their underdeveloped immune system and the mother's need
0:24:42 > 0:24:46for privacy means any disturbance risks cubs being killed
0:24:46 > 0:24:47or abanoned.
0:24:47 > 0:24:49Some conservationists do not believe polar Bears should
0:24:49 > 0:24:50be bred in captivity.
0:24:50 > 0:24:53What we are doing here is replicating as much as we can
0:24:53 > 0:24:55possibly the natural habitats and I think you have seen
0:24:55 > 0:24:58for yourself today the conditions that our polar Bears are in -
0:24:58 > 0:25:01the space that they have and the enjoyment and the freedom
0:25:01 > 0:25:10of movement that they have here.
0:25:10 > 0:25:13Male polar bears have no involvement with their offspring.
0:25:13 > 0:25:16Arktos will never actually meet his cub and the rest of us
0:25:16 > 0:25:19will have to wait until the end of March or beginning of April
0:25:19 > 0:25:22when all being well Victoria will emerge from her den
0:25:22 > 0:25:32with her baby or baby even babies.
0:25:34 > 0:25:37This is Beyond 100 Days from the BBC. Coming up for viewers
0:25:37 > 0:25:40on the BBC News Channel and BBC World News - she's married
0:25:40 > 0:25:42to the most powerful man in the world, but what does
0:25:42 > 0:25:45the world make of Melania Trump after almost 12 months
0:25:45 > 0:25:46in the White House?
0:25:46 > 0:25:48And getting a feel for it - we've an exclusive report
0:25:48 > 0:25:51on the bionic hand with a sense of touch.
0:25:51 > 0:25:59That's still to come.
0:26:13 > 0:26:18Storm Eleanor is now far away but in its wake it is still very windy. We
0:26:18 > 0:26:22have more wind and rain on the way but nothing the scale of what we had
0:26:22 > 0:26:29last night. My two miles an hour in Northern Ireland, 76 in Sheffield.
0:26:29 > 0:26:39This is where the storm is at the moment, across southern Scandinavia,
0:26:39 > 0:26:43and parts of Germany as well. Then the next area of low pressure comes
0:26:43 > 0:26:47in but this will not be anywhere near as bad as what we have just
0:26:47 > 0:26:50had. So through the course of tonight, the rain sweeps into
0:26:50 > 0:26:55south-western areas of the UK. That could be quite heavy across Cornwall
0:26:55 > 0:27:00and Devon. And also the wind approaching gale force is so rough
0:27:00 > 0:27:06conditions around some coastal areas. Then by the end of the night
0:27:06 > 0:27:10the rain in Northern Ireland and parts of Yorkshire, moving into East
0:27:10 > 0:27:13Anglia by the rush-hour. By the time we get to eight o'clock in the
0:27:13 > 0:27:19morning, some sunshine getting into Cornwall and Devon, Southern and
0:27:19 > 0:27:26western parts of Wales. A pretty damn picture across Lincolnshire,
0:27:26 > 0:27:31Yorkshire, Northern Ireland and south-west Scotland. But for
0:27:31 > 0:27:34Inverness and Aberdeen quite cold with temperatures barely above
0:27:34 > 0:27:39freezing. So the weather front then most of the North and turned
0:27:39 > 0:27:41brighter but quite windy across many western and southern areas. Quite
0:27:41 > 0:27:51breezy inland as well. The other side of the weather front in
0:27:51 > 0:27:54northern Scotland, only around 56 degrees. Low pressure still in
0:27:54 > 0:27:58charge of the weather towards the end of the week, another low moving
0:27:58 > 0:28:01across on Friday which could bring some windy weather and possibly gale
0:28:01 > 0:28:07force wind across western and southern areas. Hard to predict
0:28:07 > 0:28:11exactly what we will get precisely on Friday. But a mixture of sunshine
0:28:11 > 0:28:17and showers. By the weekend then a complete change in the weather, the
0:28:17 > 0:28:22air coming in from the Arctic and noticeably cold with a biting wind.
0:28:22 > 0:28:27Some sunshine this weekend and some wintry showers but it is that cold
0:28:27 > 0:28:32north-easterly wind that will be the story.
0:30:09 > 0:30:12This is Beyond 100 Days, with me, Katty Kay, in New York -
0:30:12 > 0:30:14Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:14 > 0:30:17President Trump accuses his former chief strategist
0:30:17 > 0:30:20Steve Bannon of losing his mind after he reportedly accused
0:30:20 > 0:30:24Mr Trump's son and son-in-law of treasonous behaviour.
0:30:24 > 0:30:27Earlier, President Trump boasted that his nuclear button is "much
0:30:27 > 0:30:28bigger" and "more powerful" than North Korean
0:30:29 > 0:30:32leader Kim Jong-un's.
0:30:32 > 0:30:34Coming up in the next half hour...
0:30:34 > 0:30:37It may sound like science fiction - but thanks to medical advances
0:30:37 > 0:30:40a bionic hand is now reality.
0:30:40 > 0:30:43The country that's made it illegal for men to be paid more than women
0:30:43 > 0:30:46for doing the same job.
0:30:46 > 0:30:52Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag #Beyond100Days.
0:30:58 > 0:31:01Bionic limbs were until recently things of fantasy - brought to life
0:31:01 > 0:31:04by Hollywood screenwriters.
0:31:04 > 0:31:06Now, they exist in reality, allowing people wearing
0:31:06 > 0:31:10them to actually feel what they are touching.
0:31:10 > 0:31:13For the first time a bionic hand is being taken out of the lab
0:31:13 > 0:31:15and tested in the real world.
0:31:15 > 0:31:18Our medical correspondent Fergus Walsh has been to Rome to meet
0:31:18 > 0:31:21the woman who's been using it and see what a difference
0:31:21 > 0:31:22it makes to her life.
0:31:22 > 0:31:26Here's his exclusive report.
0:31:27 > 0:31:30A bionic hand with a sense of touch.
0:31:30 > 0:31:35And here is the proof.
0:31:35 > 0:31:36Blindfolded, Almarina Mascarello knows whether what she's
0:31:36 > 0:31:44holding is soft or hard.
0:31:45 > 0:31:51She gets it right every time.
0:31:52 > 0:31:56Over lunch she told me that nearly 25 years after losing her hand
0:31:56 > 0:32:01in a factory accident, it is almost like it is back again.
0:32:09 > 0:32:10TRANSLATION:
0:32:10 > 0:32:13The feeling is spontaneous, as if it were your real hand.
0:32:13 > 0:32:15You are finally able to do things that before or difficult.
0:32:15 > 0:32:17Like getting dressed, putting on shoes.
0:32:17 > 0:32:18All mundane but important things.
0:32:18 > 0:32:21You feel complete.
0:32:27 > 0:32:30The world's first feeling bionic hand, given to this Danish man,
0:32:30 > 0:32:31never left the lab.
0:32:31 > 0:32:37The technology was just too bulky.
0:32:37 > 0:32:39Now, nearly four years on, it is portable.
0:32:39 > 0:32:43Allowing Almarina to go back to her hobby of car mechanics.
0:32:43 > 0:32:47All the electronics are in her rucksack.
0:32:47 > 0:32:50Here's how it works.
0:32:50 > 0:32:54Sensors in the fingertips are linked to a computer.
0:32:54 > 0:33:00This converts the signals into a language the brain will understand.
0:33:00 > 0:33:02The information is relayed to it via tiny electrodes implanted
0:33:02 > 0:33:07in nerves in Almarina's upper arm.
0:33:07 > 0:33:11This represents a significant advance in neuro prosthetics,
0:33:11 > 0:33:15the interface between machine and the human body.
0:33:15 > 0:33:18The next patient won't need to have a rucksack to carry these
0:33:18 > 0:33:20electronics, because they're going to be miniaturised
0:33:20 > 0:33:26and implanted under the skin.
0:33:26 > 0:33:30And the team here are hoping to do the same with a bionic leg
0:33:30 > 0:33:37which will have pressure sensors in the foot.
0:33:37 > 0:33:42Engineers, computer scientists and surgeons from several countries
0:33:42 > 0:33:45are involved in this EU funded research.
0:33:45 > 0:33:49A truly humanlike bionic hand is still decades away.
0:33:49 > 0:33:54But the team here think it will happen.
0:33:54 > 0:33:58We feel we are going more and more in the direction of science fiction
0:33:58 > 0:34:03like movies like Star Wars.
0:34:03 > 0:34:05With Luke Skywalker, after the amputation of the hand.
0:34:05 > 0:34:07So fully controlled, fully natural, fully sensorised
0:34:07 > 0:34:11prosthesis very similar, identical to the human hand.
0:34:11 > 0:34:14Since we filmed with Almarina, she has had to give back her bionic
0:34:14 > 0:34:19hand because it is still in the research stage.
0:34:19 > 0:34:22But she says when it is commercialised in a few years,
0:34:22 > 0:34:25she wants the feeling bionic hand back for good.
0:34:25 > 0:34:33Fergus Walsh, BBC News, Rome.
0:34:33 > 0:34:37Isn't that incredible? I hope she is somewhere near the front of the
0:34:37 > 0:34:41queue, so she gets her hand back. It must be horrendous to have the
0:34:41 > 0:34:47chance to feel and then have it taken away again.
0:34:48 > 0:34:52Imagine a country where it is illegal to pay men more than women
0:34:52 > 0:34:57and companies could be fined for doing so. Iceland is already
0:34:57 > 0:35:00doing so. Iceland is already doing just that. With the New Year came
0:35:00 > 0:35:07new laws in one of the world's most equal nations.Iceland already has
0:35:07 > 0:35:11laws saying that men and women should be paid equally. But they
0:35:11 > 0:35:15still have a pay gap. It takes it a step further, with punishment for
0:35:15 > 0:35:24companies that don't comply.We can now speak to a representative from
0:35:24 > 0:35:29the Icelandic women's rights Association. Why is Iceland so
0:35:29 > 0:35:34advanced in this field?Well, I think we are very lucky that we have
0:35:34 > 0:35:41good neighbours. We are part of the Nordic countries, and Nordic
0:35:41 > 0:35:45countries have always been very advanced in women's rights. In fact,
0:35:45 > 0:35:51we borrow our best ideas from the rest of the world. But Iceland is a
0:35:51 > 0:35:56very small state. We are only 340,000. It is very easy to take big
0:35:56 > 0:36:01ideas and make them reality and Iceland.Here is the thing, in the
0:36:01 > 0:36:06BBC we're having a debate at the moment equal pay. It is in gender in
0:36:06 > 0:36:10some difficult discussions. It is bringing about some understandable
0:36:10 > 0:36:15anger within the workforce. Not everybody is honest about what they
0:36:15 > 0:36:19are earning. It seems to me, from the debate we have had in this
0:36:19 > 0:36:22company, that the only way to really get around it is to put on public
0:36:22 > 0:36:29record what everybody is earning? Yes, absolutely. We need
0:36:29 > 0:36:31transparency. While the first steps to guarantee equal pay to have waged
0:36:31 > 0:36:39transparency. We have had waged transparency for years and it was
0:36:39 > 0:36:45not enough. As a society, we have decided that we already have some
0:36:45 > 0:36:49Ernie regulations that regulate workplaces. Workplaces already have
0:36:49 > 0:36:57had to fulfil regulations on safety. We need to produce products that are
0:36:57 > 0:37:02qualified as safe. We decided gender equality as important as well, so we
0:37:02 > 0:37:06should regulate our workplaces to make sure that men and women are
0:37:06 > 0:37:12being paid equally. In the end, it benefits all of us, not just women.
0:37:12 > 0:37:16That is an interesting question. How do you keep men on board? One of the
0:37:16 > 0:37:20issues we have had in the BBC is that when there is a pay
0:37:20 > 0:37:24discrepancy, the corporation has to save money, and many companies in
0:37:24 > 0:37:27Iceland have to save money, so isn't there a risk that companies might
0:37:27 > 0:37:31turn around and say, well, if we are going to pay women equal to men, we
0:37:31 > 0:37:35have to take that money away from men and give them a pay cut, and
0:37:35 > 0:37:43then you alienate men, that never helps Corporate profit should never
0:37:43 > 0:37:50be a reason for inequality. We have this standard in effect for 2012.
0:37:50 > 0:37:54What is happening now is that a new law has come into place, making the
0:37:54 > 0:38:02equal pay standard mandatory for companies. What experience has shown
0:38:02 > 0:38:07us that nobody is getting a pay cut, people are not being fired from the
0:38:07 > 0:38:12workplace. In fact, people are getting raises across the board. It
0:38:12 > 0:38:18increases prosperity in society. Of course, it benefits society as a
0:38:18 > 0:38:20whole and benefits businesses, because people have more money to
0:38:20 > 0:38:27spend.Really good to talk to you. Thanks for coming on the programme.
0:38:27 > 0:38:31Come back and tell us how it works out and if you get full honesty in
0:38:31 > 0:38:36the corporations. One of the things I see with that is that people pay
0:38:36 > 0:38:42more to keep hold of their talent. If they have to put on public record
0:38:42 > 0:38:46what they pay people, they might lose some of their stars?
0:38:46 > 0:38:48Interesting what you're saying, Iceland already have these laws on
0:38:48 > 0:38:52the books saying that you need to pay men and women equally, but they
0:38:52 > 0:38:58still have a pay gap. They are now introducing a stick to go along with
0:38:58 > 0:39:01the carrot. If you are a private company and you want to attract top
0:39:01 > 0:39:07talent, how can the Government say, right, you can't pay the top talent
0:39:07 > 0:39:11more because they are a man? It gets into a very complicated issue of
0:39:11 > 0:39:18what talent is worth and who is going to arbitrate, is this a gender
0:39:18 > 0:39:22discrimination issue or a talent issue? It will be interesting to
0:39:22 > 0:39:27see, it is a very small country, so maybe it is different from big
0:39:27 > 0:39:30countries, so it will be interesting to see how they enforce the
0:39:30 > 0:39:34regulation and if companies have to pay fines.Hot topic, get in touch.
0:39:34 > 0:39:37The International Trade Secretary for the UK is in China laying
0:39:37 > 0:39:39the groundwork for post Brexit trade, but says it's too
0:39:39 > 0:39:42soon to seek membership of the TPP trade pact.
0:39:42 > 0:39:44As Britain looks to re-invent itself after leaving the EU,
0:39:44 > 0:39:47China is one of the countries it hopes to sign a free trade pact
0:39:47 > 0:39:50with, but until Brexit officially happens, it can't legally negotiate
0:39:50 > 0:39:59independent trade agreements.
0:39:59 > 0:40:02Storm Eleanor is causing disruption across Ireland, the UK and parts
0:40:02 > 0:40:03of Northern France and Germany.
0:40:03 > 0:40:06Wind gusts of up to 160 kilometres per hour have battered the region,
0:40:06 > 0:40:09in Northern Ireland 10,000 homes have lost power, and some roads have
0:40:09 > 0:40:12been blocked by falling trees.
0:40:12 > 0:40:14There are also reports of damage to some ports and harbours
0:40:15 > 0:40:18on the UK's Atlantic coastline.
0:40:22 > 0:40:25A chef has received death threats after boasting online that she'd
0:40:25 > 0:40:28"spiked" a dish for a vegan customer at her restaurant.
0:40:28 > 0:40:30Laura Goodman has since apologised and offered to resign,
0:40:30 > 0:40:33and the restaurant has denied that meat was included in the food.
0:40:33 > 0:40:35Officials here in the UK are now investigating -
0:40:35 > 0:40:43as Giles Latcham reports.
0:40:43 > 0:40:45Police at Carlini's in Albrighton in Shropshire responding
0:40:45 > 0:40:46to death threats made online against Laura Goodman,
0:40:46 > 0:40:51co-owner and head chef.
0:40:51 > 0:40:54In the early hours of Sunday she posted in a closed Facebook
0:40:54 > 0:40:58group that she had just, "spiked a vegan".
0:40:58 > 0:41:01And that a "pious and judgmental vegan I'd spent all day cooking
0:41:01 > 0:41:06for has just gone to bed still believing she's a vegan.".
0:41:06 > 0:41:07There has been a storm online.
0:41:07 > 0:41:12Her fiance and business partner is doing his best to quell it.
0:41:12 > 0:41:14We have got the possibility of demonstrations outside
0:41:14 > 0:41:16the restaurants, we've had death threats.
0:41:16 > 0:41:19You know, all I can say is to those people who are active
0:41:19 > 0:41:22vegans and vegetarians, is listen to our side of the story.
0:41:22 > 0:41:23Nothing happened here.
0:41:23 > 0:41:29Nobody had anything with meat in it.
0:41:29 > 0:41:33They say the "spiked" comments relate to one of the vegan diners
0:41:33 > 0:41:35ordering a pizza with cheese on it.
0:41:35 > 0:41:38Which Laura duly prepared.
0:41:38 > 0:41:41But the comments online include, "your behaviour as a chef
0:41:41 > 0:41:42towards vegans is sickening.".
0:41:42 > 0:41:44"Disgusting behaviour on the part of your chef...
0:41:44 > 0:41:48Possibly illegal.".
0:41:48 > 0:41:50"What if that vegan was allergic to animal products?
0:41:50 > 0:41:52This is fraud.".
0:41:52 > 0:41:55I spoke briefly to Laura Goodman and she looked pale and exhausted.
0:41:55 > 0:41:58She said she was deeply sorry for the comments she posted, deeply
0:41:58 > 0:42:00distressed by the response to them.
0:42:00 > 0:42:02Too distressed, she said, to appear on camera.
0:42:02 > 0:42:18A committed vegan from Telford says it's a question of trust.
0:42:18 > 0:42:20Your initial thought is, oh my goodness, am I ever
0:42:20 > 0:42:22going to be able to trust a restaurant again?
0:42:22 > 0:42:25But also it makes you worry for other people who might have gone
0:42:25 > 0:42:27there who might have had an allergy or whatever.
0:42:27 > 0:42:30And you know, may well then suffer from some kind
0:42:30 > 0:42:32of symptom as a result of, you know, not being given
0:42:33 > 0:42:34what they thought they were having.
0:42:34 > 0:42:36Food standards officials have begun an investigation.
0:42:36 > 0:42:39A new dish at Carlini's, humble pie.
0:42:42 > 0:42:45French President Emmanuel Macron says he will overhaul French media
0:42:45 > 0:42:47legislation this year to fight the fake news spread
0:42:47 > 0:42:51on social media.
0:42:52 > 0:42:54During his New Year Speech at the Elysee Palace,
0:42:54 > 0:42:56Macron said the legislation would concern social media
0:42:56 > 0:42:57platforms, especially during election periods,
0:42:57 > 0:43:07and deeply change the role of France's media watchdog.
0:43:10 > 0:43:13TRANSLATION:As you know, powerful promotion of fake news on social
0:43:13 > 0:43:18media only costs a few thousand and can be carried out in complete
0:43:18 > 0:43:23anonymity. During electoral period, platforms would be required to be
0:43:23 > 0:43:26transparent about sponsored content so the identity of the advertisers
0:43:26 > 0:43:30and those that control them become public. The amount of content on
0:43:30 > 0:43:37such sites will also be limited.He is doing much better in the polls
0:43:37 > 0:43:42now after a wobbly start. I think a lot of it is down to what he has
0:43:42 > 0:43:45been doing on the international stage. Today he was talking about a
0:43:45 > 0:43:50renaissance for France. He was evoking JFK, ask yourselves every
0:43:50 > 0:43:56morning, French people, what you can do for the country. A lot of reforms
0:43:56 > 0:44:00he has put through, particularly on labour and tax, they went through
0:44:00 > 0:44:03with only mild opposition, mild resistance, given the union power in
0:44:03 > 0:44:07France. He is turning to pensions this year. It will be interesting to
0:44:07 > 0:44:11see if he can get that through. He has been lucky, a little bit like
0:44:11 > 0:44:16Donald Trump, with the turnaround in the global economy. They are saying
0:44:16 > 0:44:19growth in France will be up near 2% this year and unemployment, which
0:44:19 > 0:44:26was so high during Francois Hollande's time, it is coming down
0:44:26 > 0:44:29to 9.4%. Things are turning in his favour and his polls are doing
0:44:29 > 0:44:36pretty well at the moment.I bet he gets a lot of support for this
0:44:36 > 0:44:39measure to control the internet giants. This side of the Atlantic,
0:44:39 > 0:44:42it is something that they are talking about, and we would not be
0:44:42 > 0:44:45surprised to see regulations on advertising and social media.
0:44:46 > 0:44:47This is Beyond 100 Days.
0:44:47 > 0:44:50Still to come - The results of extensive research at one
0:44:50 > 0:44:52of the world's largest brain banks - what it tells us
0:44:52 > 0:44:54about post-traumatic stress and depression.
0:44:57 > 0:45:01Last year was a record year for music consumption in Britain.
0:45:01 > 0:45:03Figures from the BPI, which represents the music industry,
0:45:03 > 0:45:05suggest the amount of music streamed, downloaded, or bought
0:45:05 > 0:45:08in the UK rose at its fastest rate for nearly 20 years.
0:45:08 > 0:45:10Home grown artists such as Ed Sheeran and Little Mix
0:45:10 > 0:45:17accounted for 8 out of 10 of 2017's bestselling albums.
0:45:17 > 0:45:20Despite a lot of talk about the vinyl revival,
0:45:20 > 0:45:22that's still a pretty small contributor and overall physical
0:45:22 > 0:45:23sales were down more than 3 percent.
0:45:23 > 0:45:25Nina Warhurst has been looking at the sales trends.
0:45:26 > 0:45:27# I have no time...
0:45:27 > 0:45:292018 is set to be big for Francis Lung.
0:45:29 > 0:45:32# Give it back...
0:45:32 > 0:45:35Releasing his first album on Manchester's buzzing music scene.
0:45:37 > 0:45:39Because of the internet, he doesn't need the backing
0:45:39 > 0:45:48of a big label to be heard.
0:45:48 > 0:45:50I've got the power to put it online immediately and everybody
0:45:51 > 0:45:52that is waiting for it can hear it.
0:45:52 > 0:45:56Whereas before, I would have to wait for someone to give me permission,
0:45:56 > 0:45:58wait for somebody to tell me that it is good enough
0:45:58 > 0:46:03for other people to hear.
0:46:03 > 0:46:07Last year we streamed more music than ever, 68 billion songs.
0:46:07 > 0:46:11The equivalent of more than a thousand each.
0:46:11 > 0:46:14Father Christmas brought it, and that is Elbow...
0:46:14 > 0:46:16Perhaps more surprising is how the tables have
0:46:16 > 0:46:18turned with vinyl records.
0:46:18 > 0:46:21As some who had flirted with digital returned to their first love.
0:46:23 > 0:46:27Just the beauty of having the record in your hand, I think.
0:46:27 > 0:46:30And looking after it, making sure it doesn't get scratched.
0:46:30 > 0:46:32So you like physically holding it?
0:46:32 > 0:46:34Physically holding it, looking at the artwork on the covers,
0:46:34 > 0:46:38maybe reading the song lyrics as you are listening.
0:46:38 > 0:46:41Vinyl sales were up an astonishing 26% on the year before
0:46:41 > 0:46:44with 4 million records sold.
0:46:46 > 0:46:49And the shape of the British music industry was helped
0:46:49 > 0:46:51by one Ed Sheeran.
0:46:53 > 0:46:56For the 13th year in a row, the number one
0:46:56 > 0:47:00artist was home-grown.
0:47:06 > 0:47:08You're watching Beyond 100 Days.
0:47:08 > 0:47:11Unlocking the mysteries of the human brain has long been an area
0:47:11 > 0:47:13of scientific research - but advances are slow.
0:47:13 > 0:47:16At one facility in Baltimore, in Maryland they are looking
0:47:16 > 0:47:17at the underlying factors behind post-traumatic stress
0:47:18 > 0:47:21and depression.
0:47:21 > 0:47:23With over 2,200 brains donated - the Lieber Institute is one
0:47:23 > 0:47:25of the largest brain banks in the world.
0:47:25 > 0:47:27And their research is delivering results.
0:47:27 > 0:47:34The BBC's Jane O'Brien has the story.
0:47:34 > 0:47:37Ken Gilstein remembers the happy times, before his wife of 40 years
0:47:37 > 0:47:41succumbed to mental illness.
0:47:41 > 0:47:43This is a picture of our first dance together as husband and wife.
0:47:45 > 0:47:48He is still trying to make sense of the personality changes that led
0:47:48 > 0:47:55to Paula's suicide just a few months ago.
0:47:55 > 0:47:57He hopes donating her brain to research will help
0:47:58 > 0:48:00scientists find the answers.
0:48:00 > 0:48:04There is so much that needs to be known about people who have that
0:48:04 > 0:48:06psychiatric illnesses and what is going on with the brain,
0:48:06 > 0:48:07that research is the only way.
0:48:07 > 0:48:10And I'm hoping that hopefully if they can find some information,
0:48:10 > 0:48:12that we can prevent something like this happening,
0:48:12 > 0:48:15that people don't have to go through not only what we went
0:48:15 > 0:48:17through but we are currently going through.
0:48:17 > 0:48:21This is where Paula's brain is being studied.
0:48:21 > 0:48:23The world's largest brain bank dedicated to finding biological
0:48:23 > 0:48:25causes for mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression
0:48:25 > 0:48:32and post-traumatic stress disorder.
0:48:32 > 0:48:34I think we are understanding these are illnesses that
0:48:34 > 0:48:38have a physical, chemical, molecular structural basis.
0:48:38 > 0:48:45And I think we take it away from being either
0:48:45 > 0:48:49a lack of character, a defect in will, and understand
0:48:49 > 0:48:51that this is a defect in function of the brain.
0:48:52 > 0:48:54It all starts with the brain itself.
0:48:54 > 0:48:57Almost all come from people who have died unexpectedly, many are victims
0:48:57 > 0:49:00of the opioid epidemic.
0:49:00 > 0:49:04Scientists look for signs of disease and other abnormalities and compare
0:49:04 > 0:49:07them to the person's mental health history.
0:49:07 > 0:49:09And they're starting to isolate genes that put some
0:49:09 > 0:49:13people at a higher risk.
0:49:13 > 0:49:16The man who started this vast collection of brains hopes
0:49:16 > 0:49:18the research will lead to better treatments based on the genetic
0:49:18 > 0:49:24causes of mental illness.
0:49:24 > 0:49:26The genes for behaviour disorders are not genes that
0:49:26 > 0:49:28guarantee you a disorder.
0:49:28 > 0:49:28Hot
0:49:28 > 0:49:30They're not what we call fate genes.
0:49:30 > 0:49:33They are risk genes.
0:49:33 > 0:49:36It is like genes for heart attack or stroke, there is no gene that
0:49:37 > 0:49:37causes a heart attack.
0:49:41 > 0:49:44Finding new treatments is becoming increasingly urgent.
0:49:44 > 0:49:49More veterans die from suicide than in combat.
0:49:49 > 0:49:52But PTSD affects far more civilians, one of four of us will suffer some
0:49:52 > 0:49:58form of mental disorder in our lifetimes.
0:49:58 > 0:50:01Ken's family could not be spared the tragedy of mental illness,
0:50:01 > 0:50:03but he helps others might benefit from Paula's death.
0:50:04 > 0:50:06This is a great picture.
0:50:06 > 0:50:10One of the things that we tried to do at her funeral was really
0:50:10 > 0:50:11to celebrate her life.
0:50:11 > 0:50:14One of the things I'm celebrating about her life is that she's doing
0:50:14 > 0:50:17something now for science and other people in the future.
0:50:17 > 0:50:20I feel in my case, I feel very positive about that.
0:50:20 > 0:50:28Jane O'Brien, BBC News, Maryland.
0:50:28 > 0:50:30Donald Trump is ubiquitous, loud and opinionated.
0:50:30 > 0:50:32His wife Melania is the opposite.
0:50:32 > 0:50:36She rarely speaks in public and is seen far more than she's heard.
0:50:36 > 0:50:38She always looks immaculate but hasn't yet thrown herself
0:50:38 > 0:50:42into any particular causes.
0:50:42 > 0:50:47She is a very different first lady from her recent predecessors.
0:50:47 > 0:50:50Melania Trump has spent her first year communicating support
0:50:50 > 0:50:52for her husband with her mostly silent presence.
0:50:52 > 0:50:55Some are now asking what's she going to do with her hugely
0:50:55 > 0:50:57influential platform, and does it really matter?
0:50:57 > 0:51:00It's a topic Krissah Thompson has written about in the Washington Post
0:51:00 > 0:51:04and she joins us now.
0:51:04 > 0:51:10the idea of a First Lady is a particularly American concept, the
0:51:10 > 0:51:13idea of a First Lady using a position to try to do something for
0:51:13 > 0:51:17the public good is relatively new. Is Blarney trump breaking a recent
0:51:17 > 0:51:29mild? -- Melania Trump.She has talked about looking to the past as
0:51:29 > 0:51:33her influence. For the last three first ladies, we have first ladies
0:51:33 > 0:51:36with graduate degrees, who had careers before coming to the White
0:51:36 > 0:51:45House. They tended to channel the energy into causes, using the
0:51:45 > 0:51:48platform for activism, policy. And we haven't really seen anything like
0:51:48 > 0:51:55that from Melania Trump at this point.There is often criticism that
0:51:55 > 0:51:59we comment on how women luck and not how men luck, but it is striking the
0:51:59 > 0:52:06fact that Melania Trump, a former model, is very conscious of her
0:52:06 > 0:52:09appearance. She never appears with a hair out of place. How does that
0:52:09 > 0:52:16affect her position as First Lady? Every First Lady knows that the
0:52:16 > 0:52:22public and the media is going to pay attention to what they do. They walk
0:52:22 > 0:52:25around and there is a spotlight following them. The question is
0:52:25 > 0:52:31always what do they do with it? At this point, when we see Mrs Trump at
0:52:31 > 0:52:36an event, there is very seldom formal remarks, she is not often
0:52:36 > 0:52:43behind a podium talking about a cause or connecting the event to a
0:52:43 > 0:52:48larger idea or issue, which we have often seen other first ladies do.
0:52:48 > 0:52:51The question is, how will she use the spotlight that she has been
0:52:51 > 0:52:56granted with this role, or if she even plans to use it at all beyond
0:52:56 > 0:53:01the pictures and images we have been seeing.Looking from over here, she
0:53:01 > 0:53:05reminds me a little bit of the former First Lady of France, Carla
0:53:05 > 0:53:11Brunei. Similar model background, was always treated in France like an
0:53:11 > 0:53:15outsider, French was not her first language. Maybe it is not easy if
0:53:15 > 0:53:19English is not your first line which?You could be right. You don't
0:53:19 > 0:53:25have her staff saying that. But public speaking, the level of
0:53:25 > 0:53:29platform that she now has as First Lady, it is not something that she
0:53:29 > 0:53:34has been accustomed to in her formal life. The idea that it would take an
0:53:34 > 0:53:41adjustment period is, quite friendly, to be expected. But we did
0:53:41 > 0:53:44also see, which was jarring for some people in the States, her decision
0:53:44 > 0:53:49not to move to the White House right away. Her husband has been in office
0:53:49 > 0:53:53for a year, and she has only been in Washington for about six months.
0:53:53 > 0:53:57That could also be part of the reason why it seems like the
0:53:57 > 0:54:01advocacy part of the role is coming a little bit more slowly.I think
0:54:01 > 0:54:05she is right, it is quite an American thing. I was thinking, you
0:54:05 > 0:54:08know, we are going to have to get used the fact that it might not be
0:54:08 > 0:54:12First Lady, we could have been talking about a first husband. In we
0:54:12 > 0:54:18don't talk about Angela Merkel's husband, we don't talk about Theresa
0:54:18 > 0:54:23May's husband. Why should we focus so much on the women?It has been an
0:54:23 > 0:54:30American tradition that, in many ways, has sort of adopted to a
0:54:30 > 0:54:37women's role in society, the First Lady was the President's wife.
0:54:37 > 0:54:43Initially, people looked to Margaret Washington to fulfil that role for
0:54:43 > 0:54:46the public. People have been pushing for a long time for the idea of the
0:54:46 > 0:54:51First Lady here to evolve and, maybe by not engaging with the role in the
0:54:51 > 0:54:57way that some have come to expect, Melania Trump could be breaking the
0:54:57 > 0:55:02mould.Good to have you with us. Thanks for sharing your thoughts. I
0:55:02 > 0:55:09have quite enjoyed being the first man on this programme.
0:55:09 > 0:55:18You have left me speechless.What do you make of Melania Trump?She is
0:55:18 > 0:55:24not as well-dressed as you are.Goes without saying, not a hair out of
0:55:24 > 0:55:35place.No bits of breakfast on her tie.Don't tell them that, I changed
0:55:35 > 0:55:43that before I came in!Only just, just because the cameraman noticed.
0:55:43 > 0:55:48That would not happen with Mrs Trump. I think she is right, she is
0:55:48 > 0:55:51breaking the role, she is a different kind of First Lady, she is
0:55:51 > 0:56:03doing it the way she wants.We will be back the same time tomorrow.
0:56:03 > 0:56:03Catty is