0:00:07 > 0:00:10You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days on PBS.
0:00:10 > 0:00:12The politics of grief.
0:00:12 > 0:00:14Donald Trump proposes some restrictions on guns
0:00:14 > 0:00:17but defends America's gun lobby as great patriots.
0:00:17 > 0:00:19The President's proposals include things
0:00:19 > 0:00:24the powerful National Rifle Association is unlikely to accept.
0:00:24 > 0:00:28In Washington, the head of the NRA says the Democratic Party
0:00:28 > 0:00:32doesn't believe in freedom and dismisses calls for gun control.
0:00:32 > 0:00:42To stop a bad guy with a gun, it takes a good guy with a gun.
0:00:43 > 0:00:45At an hour-long meeting at the White House,
0:00:45 > 0:00:47the President reiterated his desire to see trained teachers
0:00:47 > 0:00:50carry guns in schools.
0:00:50 > 0:00:52Also on the programme:
0:00:52 > 0:00:55A vote in the UN security council to spare more
0:00:55 > 0:00:57bloodshed in the Syrian enclave of Eastern Ghoutta is
0:00:57 > 0:00:59delayed by the Russians.
0:00:59 > 0:01:03The UN is calling for a 30-day ceasefire.
0:01:03 > 0:01:08The demands on the waters of the Nile are increasing.
0:01:08 > 0:01:11We report from Sudan, where further efforts to dam the river
0:01:11 > 0:01:12are creating regional tensions.
0:01:12 > 0:01:19Get in touch with us using the hashtag...
0:01:23 > 0:01:26Hello and welcome - I'm Katty Kay in New York,
0:01:26 > 0:01:27and Christian Fraser is in London.
0:01:27 > 0:01:29A week after the school shooting in Florida,
0:01:29 > 0:01:31America's gun lobby has finally spoken up - and it
0:01:32 > 0:01:35is not compromising.
0:01:35 > 0:01:37As grieving parents and traumatized children confront lawmakers
0:01:37 > 0:01:41and the President, asking for something be done to stop
0:01:41 > 0:01:44the country's mass killings, the NRA chief is blaming Democrats.
0:01:44 > 0:01:47Wayne LaPierre is defiant.
0:01:47 > 0:01:50As head of the organisation that lobbies and funds politicians
0:01:50 > 0:01:53on behalf of the gun industry he is determined to prevent any
0:01:53 > 0:01:57further restrictions on gun sales in the US.
0:01:57 > 0:02:00But many of the teenagers, and their parents, who've spoken up
0:02:00 > 0:02:05since the Florida attack, say the NRA is out of
0:02:05 > 0:02:07with the country, and is making schools less safe.
0:02:07 > 0:02:12As usual, the opportunists wasted not one second to exploit tragedy
0:02:13 > 0:02:16for political gain.
0:02:16 > 0:02:21The breakback speed of calls for more gun control
0:02:21 > 0:02:27laws and the breathless national media, eager to smear the NRA.
0:02:27 > 0:02:28We're yet to learn the finer detail
0:02:28 > 0:02:33of the President's gun reforms, but under consideration,
0:02:33 > 0:02:35a proposal to arm some teachers,
0:02:35 > 0:02:38raising the minimum age to buy certain types of firearms,
0:02:38 > 0:02:42and enhanced background checks.
0:02:42 > 0:02:45Just a short time ago, President Trump met with state
0:02:45 > 0:02:51and local officials and had this to say.
0:02:51 > 0:02:55And I think we are making a lot of progress, and I can tell
0:02:55 > 0:02:57you there there is a tremendous feeling that we
0:02:57 > 0:02:58want get something done.
0:02:58 > 0:03:02And we're leading that feeling, I hope, but it
0:03:02 > 0:03:04is a great feeling, including at the NRA,
0:03:04 > 0:03:05including with Republican senators and hopefully Democrat
0:03:05 > 0:03:08senators in Congress.
0:03:08 > 0:03:12Let's get reaction to the day's events
0:03:12 > 0:03:16from Mica Mobascher.
0:03:16 > 0:03:18She's a political commentator and a member of the 2020
0:03:18 > 0:03:27Trump Campaign National Advisory Board.
0:03:27 > 0:03:32Let me put a proposition to do. Because President Trump is trusted
0:03:32 > 0:03:37by Dan on us, and you are a member of the NRA, is he actually the
0:03:37 > 0:03:44president who might be able to shift something when it comes to garner
0:03:44 > 0:03:47laws, particularly around the age which people can buy guns in the
0:03:47 > 0:03:56country?Absolutely. The art of the deal president is all action
0:03:56 > 0:03:59orientated, and a very compelling session he had both students and
0:03:59 > 0:04:04parents, many who were grieving, especially one man who played the
0:04:04 > 0:04:08last of his daughter. This signal is that he is open to bipartisan
0:04:08 > 0:04:14decisions, and the raising of the minimum wage for AR-15 weapons is
0:04:14 > 0:04:18something that the NRA is pushing back against, and it is something
0:04:18 > 0:04:22that the White House has signalled that the president would be open to
0:04:22 > 0:04:26supporting. Additionally, I feel that he is looking into closing
0:04:26 > 0:04:32those loopholes and efficiencies in the national instant criminal tax
0:04:32 > 0:04:42system that is used when you buy it gun, and there is a bipartisan bill,
0:04:42 > 0:04:46and the president is fully behind this. Additionally, I would be
0:04:46 > 0:04:51remiss if I did not bring up the blistering attacks, well deserved,
0:04:51 > 0:04:56on the FBI, his command centre, which is a central call centre in
0:04:56 > 0:05:00West Virginia deal to pass on details, two text they received that
0:05:00 > 0:05:06Nikolas Cruz had been identified as a clear and present danger to
0:05:06 > 0:05:13himself and potentially to those around him. The BIA has an $8.9
0:05:13 > 0:05:19billion budget, it is a bloated bureaucracy with 35,000 employees,
0:05:19 > 0:05:2356 field offices, and there have been other deficiencies in the FBI
0:05:23 > 0:05:28pointed out in the past, including the former supervisor of the
0:05:28 > 0:05:34management division make make man, who in 2009 reported to his
0:05:34 > 0:05:38supervisors and two assistant at the idyllic that they were deficiencies
0:05:38 > 0:05:43and failures are political that are interfering with national security.
0:05:43 > 0:05:47We need to hold agencies like the FBI are accountable, Donal President
0:05:47 > 0:05:52Trump will do so.There is no question there is a different tone
0:05:52 > 0:05:59coming from the president. I want to take you back to April 20 17th at
0:05:59 > 0:06:04the candidate convention. This is what he said.
0:06:04 > 0:06:08I will never ever infringe on it the right of the people to keep and bear
0:06:08 > 0:06:09arms.
0:06:09 > 0:06:19Never ever.
0:06:19 > 0:06:24He has talked about Nix, but he has also talked about banning public
0:06:24 > 0:06:34stocks, maybe automatic weapons. LaPeirre did not letting any of
0:06:34 > 0:06:40that. Addy headed for a confrontation?I am concerned that
0:06:40 > 0:06:45you can buy an AR-15 weapon when you are not old enough to buy a beer. DN
0:06:45 > 0:06:49Ali is pushing background as a raising of the 80s to purchase
0:06:49 > 0:06:56firearms as an infringement on second Amendment is, but I don't see
0:06:56 > 0:07:03product complements -- brother compromise interferes with the right
0:07:03 > 0:07:07to buy a gun. I think that President Trump has the strength of leadership
0:07:07 > 0:07:12to confront this and other tough issues, especially from the very
0:07:12 > 0:07:18powerful can lobby, with 500 million members.Thank you very much for
0:07:18 > 0:07:19joining us.
0:07:19 > 0:07:22Last night, the survivors of the school shooting took part
0:07:22 > 0:07:24in a nationally televised town hall event.
0:07:24 > 0:07:26One of the stand out moments involved 17-year old Cameron Kasky,
0:07:26 > 0:07:29one of the founders of the #NeverAgain movement,
0:07:29 > 0:07:31who put this question to Senator Marco Rubio.
0:07:31 > 0:07:34Senator Rubio, can you tell me right now that
0:07:34 > 0:07:38you will not accept a single donation from the NRA in the future?
0:07:38 > 0:07:40Well, number one, the positions I hold on
0:07:40 > 0:07:43this issue of the Second Amendment, I've held since the day I entered
0:07:43 > 0:07:46office in the city of Western Miami as an elected official.
0:07:46 > 0:07:47Number two...
0:07:47 > 0:07:50No, the answer to the questions is that people buy into my
0:07:50 > 0:07:52agenda, and I do support the second Amendment,
0:07:52 > 0:07:56and I also support the
0:07:56 > 0:08:02right of you and everyone here to be able to go to school and be safe.
0:08:02 > 0:08:07Senator reviewer took to $20 million from the NRA.
0:08:07 > 0:08:09Well, let's get more reaction from Republican Florida
0:08:09 > 0:08:15State Representative Randy Fine - he's in Tallahassee.
0:08:15 > 0:08:24-- 2.3 million. Just talk to us about Marco Rubio there. He is
0:08:24 > 0:08:28talking about maybe being able to ban high-capacity magazines. There's
0:08:28 > 0:08:32anything that you would accept in terms of restrictions on gun sales?
0:08:32 > 0:08:37I would like to clear one thing up. Everyone talks about the legislator
0:08:37 > 0:08:42being bought and paid for by the NRA. As far as I know, the NRA has
0:08:42 > 0:08:47not given a single dollar to a candid running for Florida in at
0:08:47 > 0:08:50least 16 years. Those of us to be lead in the right to keep and bear
0:08:50 > 0:08:55arms, we believe it because we believe it, not because anybody is
0:08:55 > 0:08:59paying us too.But do they put the money in Congress, where the big
0:08:59 > 0:09:05bullet scars that are taken?I am just a small representative in
0:09:05 > 0:09:09Florida. I think we are going to have a comprehensive package of
0:09:09 > 0:09:13reforms. It will come out in the next few hours. It is really going
0:09:13 > 0:09:17to tackle all of the issues, because the fact remains we had all the laws
0:09:17 > 0:09:22in place to catch this file killer before it happened, yet the
0:09:22 > 0:09:25Government failed in its responsibility to do so, so why do
0:09:25 > 0:09:30we keep giving this same Government more power to solve the problem, I'm
0:09:30 > 0:09:38not sure.One change to the lot that the president has again talked about
0:09:38 > 0:09:42in Washington is raising the age that you can buy an assault weapon
0:09:42 > 0:09:48from 18 to 21. That would have changed the situation here. Nikolas
0:09:48 > 0:09:56Cruz was 19. Would you support that change to the legislation?Nikolas
0:09:56 > 0:10:00Cruz seems to have been sufficiently convinced that I believe he would
0:10:00 > 0:10:05have barred and find another weapon. Just answer the question, which you
0:10:05 > 0:10:13support raising the age?I am open to discussing it, but the question
0:10:13 > 0:10:20is not an accurate one. And Florida, it is already illegal to buy some
0:10:20 > 0:10:23semiautomatic weapons until 21. There are other magazines where it
0:10:23 > 0:10:28is not. It is a simple matter of looking at consistencies in our laws
0:10:28 > 0:10:35and Father Almighty 's us transit should be rather than some of them.
0:10:35 > 0:10:41Would you also support looking at high-capacity magazine clips, which
0:10:41 > 0:10:47allows tutors to fire something like 30 bullets, are even more before the
0:10:47 > 0:10:52half to pass?I think we need to be very careful before the infringe on
0:10:52 > 0:10:56people's second Amendment rights. And this country, we don't leave you
0:10:56 > 0:11:01punish the matches because of the mistakes of the few. They are 5
0:11:01 > 0:11:05million AR-15 is in the United States, only five had been used in
0:11:05 > 0:11:08mass casualties shootings. We have to keep in mind that the
0:11:08 > 0:11:13overwhelming majority of gun owners handle them any responsible way, and
0:11:13 > 0:11:16they scared of restricting their legs because of the actions of a few
0:11:16 > 0:11:24people.We had from Mr LaPierre that freedoms are being taken away. What
0:11:24 > 0:11:30freedom is therefore students are too frightened to go to school are
0:11:30 > 0:11:32being protected by teachers who are arms or who are locked up behind
0:11:32 > 0:11:38gates?The fact of the matter is that we have to protect our kids,
0:11:38 > 0:11:42and whether it is from an AR-15 someone who wants to run people of
0:11:42 > 0:11:46use a pressure cooker filled with ball bearings as happened in Boston,
0:11:46 > 0:11:52we need to protect our kids. There are things we are going to be doing.
0:11:52 > 0:11:56But more important than protecting our kids, we need to figure out what
0:11:56 > 0:11:59is going on with their kids that makes them think this is a good
0:11:59 > 0:12:06idea. The high school that I would do, we had guns hanging on the racks
0:12:06 > 0:12:10of pick-up trucks 25 years ago, yet it never occurred to anyone to use
0:12:10 > 0:12:15those to shoot people. We need to focus on the symptoms. Don't get me
0:12:15 > 0:12:19wrong, but we need to focus on the underlying issues with what is going
0:12:19 > 0:12:24wrong with their children that is making some of them believe this is
0:12:24 > 0:12:28acceptable.Really good of you to spare us back some time. Thank you
0:12:28 > 0:12:37very much indeed. That speech from Mr Lucky, it was quite a job link --
0:12:37 > 0:12:43that speech from Mr LaPierre, it was quite a jaw-dropping. Time and
0:12:43 > 0:12:46again, he kept referring back to this second Amendment. We have had
0:12:46 > 0:12:55an awful lot about it. It is interesting, because this second
0:12:55 > 0:12:59Amendment is what is used by people who support gun rights and the
0:12:59 > 0:13:03country to say that there should be no restrictions on guns, but
0:13:03 > 0:13:07actually four tent in the past decade federal appeals court in the
0:13:07 > 0:13:11United States have ruled that banning assault weapons is legal
0:13:11 > 0:13:15under this second Amendment, so they have also said that the Supreme
0:13:15 > 0:13:20Court has said that gun rights are not unlimited, i:e., gone rights are
0:13:20 > 0:13:26limited in the country. So, there is a debate about these weapons of war,
0:13:26 > 0:13:31one of the file in the definition of self defence or not, because that is
0:13:31 > 0:13:35what the second Amendment protects, but that they are just used to cause
0:13:35 > 0:13:41harm, and should not be in people's hands. It seems like the courts and
0:13:41 > 0:13:48the Supreme Court do think that some restrictions on assault weapons act
0:13:48 > 0:13:52constitutional, but that is not an argument duty from the gun lobby.
0:13:52 > 0:13:54The residents of Eastern Ghouta are living
0:13:54 > 0:13:55without food, water and electricity.
0:13:55 > 0:13:59In one area, 80% of the population is now living underground.
0:13:59 > 0:14:01Those grim figures come from the UN,
0:14:01 > 0:14:06where the Security Council is meeting in New York and is right
0:14:06 > 0:14:08now debating a draft resolution to end the bombing of
0:14:08 > 0:14:13civilians in the enclave.
0:14:13 > 0:14:15The resolution calls for a month-long truce to get
0:14:15 > 0:14:18emergency supplies into the area.
0:14:18 > 0:14:21But of course Russia has the power to veto this plan,
0:14:21 > 0:14:24and their ambassador has already signalled there is no agreement.
0:14:24 > 0:14:27It will not be easy.
0:14:27 > 0:14:29Our Middle East editor Jeremy Bowen has this report which does contain
0:14:29 > 0:14:39some very distressing images.
0:14:42 > 0:14:46What air strikes, more bombs and more casualties. It is not letting
0:14:46 > 0:14:51up. Armed rebels in eastern good has have shelled Damascus, but enormous
0:14:51 > 0:14:56damage is being done by the Syrian Armed Forces and the Russian Alice,
0:14:56 > 0:15:07deploying much more firepower in places where civilians live and die.
0:15:07 > 0:15:16Two sisters were in their home...
0:15:16 > 0:15:22Warplanes bombed out building.
0:15:22 > 0:15:29Now, look at home.
0:15:29 > 0:15:32Getting on for 400,000 people terrified by
0:15:32 > 0:15:36the sight and sound of aircraft, are thought to be in eastern Ghouta,
0:15:36 > 0:15:41which is the size of Manchester.
0:15:41 > 0:15:45The Syrians insist they are targeting terrorists but it's clear
0:15:45 > 0:15:53many children are among the wounded and the dead.
0:15:53 > 0:15:56Improvised hospitals have been set up in cellars and
0:15:56 > 0:16:00basements during the years of war.
0:16:00 > 0:16:06Now, though, the medics are at full stretch.
0:16:06 > 0:16:11This doctor wanted to send a message to the people of Britain.
0:16:11 > 0:16:15TRANSLATION:We never wanted the war and we don't want to live under it.
0:16:15 > 0:16:17For the sake of our children who have been
0:16:17 > 0:16:18blown to pieces, for the
0:16:18 > 0:16:24sake of our children who have died of hunger,
0:16:24 > 0:16:26what we have seen every day has caused us to collapse and
0:16:27 > 0:16:28affected psychologically.
0:16:28 > 0:16:30We don't have anything more to offer, we are
0:16:30 > 0:16:35being bled out.
0:16:35 > 0:16:38She was treating 12-year-old Mohammed who was dying.
0:16:38 > 0:16:41His mother had been cooking breakfast for her family when three
0:16:41 > 0:16:46air strikes came in.
0:16:46 > 0:16:48TRANSLATION:I am here waiting for my son to die.
0:16:48 > 0:16:51At least he will be free of pain, I prayed to God
0:16:51 > 0:17:01to end his suffering.
0:17:01 > 0:17:07Do we have to appeal to Azure? When my boy dies, key will go to heaven,
0:17:07 > 0:17:12but at least he will be able to eat. I would like to die with him so that
0:17:12 > 0:17:16I can look after him.
0:17:16 > 0:17:18So many Syrians have died in the war.
0:17:18 > 0:17:19The killing is escalating.
0:17:19 > 0:17:29And once again the world is watching from a safe distance.
0:17:29 > 0:17:34The situation clearly really desperate Iniesta and get it at the
0:17:34 > 0:17:34moment.
0:17:34 > 0:17:36We can speak now to David Ignatius,
0:17:36 > 0:17:37a journalist for The Washington Post.
0:17:37 > 0:17:38He has just returned
0:17:38 > 0:17:42from reporting in Syria.
0:17:42 > 0:17:47Just looking at what is happening in the conclave, if the Russians agreed
0:17:47 > 0:17:52to this draft resolution for a 30 day truce, what happens to the
0:17:52 > 0:17:59people?That was a grand airport. This early in regime, with Russian
0:17:59 > 0:18:03backing, is trying to eradicate the rebel opposition in eastern Ghouta,
0:18:03 > 0:18:07just to the east of Damascus. This has been a stronghold of the
0:18:07 > 0:18:17opposition, this is an area where CIA backed rebels where strong. My
0:18:17 > 0:18:23fear is that we are watching a replay of Aleppo, where again, US
0:18:23 > 0:18:29CIA backed forces that were active were finally destroyed by ruthless
0:18:29 > 0:18:38bombing, barrel bombing, vicious five inbound civilian areas. That is
0:18:38 > 0:18:44happening in Eastern Ghouta. The Russian bass blackbelt want to push
0:18:44 > 0:18:51as far as it can. There may be a ceasefire, as there was often in
0:18:51 > 0:18:56Aleppo, but I think they will want to keep the momentum going.I want
0:18:56 > 0:19:00to talk a little bad about the carotid seen elsewhere in Syria,
0:19:00 > 0:19:05because that is what you have been looking at. You talked about the
0:19:05 > 0:19:09craziness that is unfolding on the battlefield, and I just want to give
0:19:09 > 0:19:12our viewers a favourite of that editorial. You wrote...
0:19:29 > 0:19:35As you say, what we know have is converging forces with diverging
0:19:35 > 0:19:42interests. What is the policy of the United States amid all that?The
0:19:42 > 0:19:46honest answer is that the policy of the United States is confused. This
0:19:46 > 0:19:55has become even more than before, a shooting gallery. The Syrian Civil
0:19:55 > 0:19:58War was catastrophic in terms of loss of life and refugee flow, now
0:19:58 > 0:20:05it is becoming a place where there is little international proxy
0:20:05 > 0:20:10warfare going on. The US with its allies currently occupies about one
0:20:10 > 0:20:18third of the country. The US has not really decided what it wants to do
0:20:18 > 0:20:21with that. This Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has said the US forces
0:20:21 > 0:20:27will remain the Ansaldi process leads towards some kind of
0:20:27 > 0:20:32transition, but that is a matter of years away. What is the US strategy
0:20:32 > 0:20:36for stabilising the situation? Increasingly, I hear people in
0:20:36 > 0:20:42Washington talking about the importance of some kind of dialogue
0:20:42 > 0:20:51involving the US, Israel, Russia and inevitably Syrian regime. I think
0:20:51 > 0:20:59the level of budget, the inability to make any other approach to
0:20:59 > 0:21:04transitional works comes means that at some stage, the new stage will be
0:21:04 > 0:21:19a change of policy.Thank you very much for joining us.
0:21:19 > 0:21:21Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have set a deadline
0:21:21 > 0:21:23of the end of the month to try to resolve a long-running
0:21:23 > 0:21:26dispute over the Blue Nile, which is threatening relations
0:21:26 > 0:21:27between the three countries.
0:21:27 > 0:21:28Ethiopia has almost finished building one
0:21:28 > 0:21:31of the biggest dams in Africa, to produce hydro-electric power,
0:21:31 > 0:21:33but Egypt is worried it will reduce its water supply.
0:21:33 > 0:21:35Our Africa Correspondent Alastair Leithead sent this
0:21:35 > 0:21:39special report from Sudan.
0:21:39 > 0:21:49The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is almost finished.
0:21:50 > 0:21:51Africa's biggest hydro-electric power station has already bridged
0:21:51 > 0:21:52the Nile.
0:21:52 > 0:21:54And Sudan is waiting expectantly for the cheap power that
0:21:54 > 0:21:56will soon fizz across its border.
0:21:56 > 0:21:58But that is not all.
0:21:58 > 0:22:01The waters of the Nile transform the Sudanese desert into a
0:22:01 > 0:22:02land of plenty.
0:22:02 > 0:22:05First it grew cotton, a century ago, for British
0:22:05 > 0:22:07textile mills, and now there are vast circles of high
0:22:07 > 0:22:15quality cattle feed, mostly for export to the Gulf.
0:22:15 > 0:22:20For Sudan, the great advantage of this
0:22:20 > 0:22:22new dam is to regulate the flow of the Blue Nile.
0:22:22 > 0:22:25This, at the moment, is a dry season.
0:22:25 > 0:22:26They're having to dredge just so the pumping station
0:22:26 > 0:22:28can receive water to take to the fields.
0:22:28 > 0:22:31In the wet season, the level is as high as that platform - eight
0:22:32 > 0:22:33metres higher.
0:22:33 > 0:22:35That's what the dam is going to change.
0:22:35 > 0:22:38These are turbulent times.
0:22:38 > 0:22:41Sudan's had a decade-long deal with Egypt, but is
0:22:41 > 0:22:43now at odds with its northern neighbour over how much water the
0:22:44 > 0:22:50country can use.
0:22:50 > 0:22:57This is Sudan's richest man.
0:22:57 > 0:23:00He owns a golf course as well as the cattle feed farms.
0:23:00 > 0:23:01For Sudan, it's wonderful.
0:23:01 > 0:23:03I mean, it's really the best thing that has
0:23:03 > 0:23:04happened for a long time.
0:23:04 > 0:23:06And I think the combination of energy and
0:23:06 > 0:23:08regular water levels is a great blessing.
0:23:08 > 0:23:14Cheap power to keep his cows cool and to bring faster
0:23:14 > 0:23:16development to eight Sudan emerging from decades of crippling
0:23:16 > 0:23:17US sanctions.
0:23:17 > 0:23:24But Egypt is firmly against the dam.
0:23:24 > 0:23:26The regional rivalries go back as far as the pyramids...
0:23:26 > 0:23:28..the Sudanese pyramids.
0:23:28 > 0:23:35Egypt was once ruled from here, 2000 years ago.
0:23:35 > 0:23:37Powers on the Nile rise and fall, and Ethiopia's
0:23:37 > 0:23:41influence is growing.
0:23:41 > 0:23:44Water in general is becoming highly politicised, not only in this
0:23:44 > 0:23:45region but elsewhere,
0:23:45 > 0:23:49but I think if there is always, as in our case, between
0:23:49 > 0:23:53the three countries, if the political will is around
0:23:53 > 0:23:54involving the high-up authorities in three
0:23:54 > 0:23:56countries, I think it will work out.
0:23:56 > 0:24:06But the diplomatic row is far from settled.
0:24:08 > 0:24:10Where the river's two great tributaries meet in Khartoum, the
0:24:10 > 0:24:13blue Nile from Ethiopia supplies 85% of the water.
0:24:13 > 0:24:15And so the dam, and its ability to control the flow, is
0:24:15 > 0:24:25making downstream Egypt nervous.
0:24:25 > 0:24:30It is one of the top three places on the planet most vulnerable to live
0:24:30 > 0:24:34in sea level, and the problem is that two thirds of the Egyptian
0:24:34 > 0:24:39population live north of Cairo. If you don't have water washing down
0:24:39 > 0:24:43the river, then you get sallow nation of that Delta area. So it is
0:24:43 > 0:24:51not just about food, water, it is about livelihoods. It has become a
0:24:51 > 0:24:54national security issue for Egypt, and as we have seems to these
0:24:54 > 0:24:58reports, the tension is rising, because Egypt fears that it is going
0:24:58 > 0:25:05to be made more unstable by the water that is taking upstream. OK,
0:25:05 > 0:25:07Begu is some good news from Egypt.
0:25:07 > 0:25:09Extraordinary footage has emerged of the moment a policeman,
0:25:09 > 0:25:12caught a little boy who was dangling from the third floor of a building
0:25:12 > 0:25:14in the city of Asyut.
0:25:14 > 0:25:19You will see the panic on the part of the officers,
0:25:19 > 0:25:22as they first tried to position a rug beneath the five-year-old,
0:25:22 > 0:25:25but it all happened so quick that he ended up falling into one
0:25:25 > 0:25:26of the policemans arms.
0:25:26 > 0:25:27What a catch.
0:25:27 > 0:25:29Let's just take a look again at that in slow mo.
0:25:33 > 0:25:36Take a bow, that man.
0:25:36 > 0:25:37The little boy, by all accounts, was uninjured.
0:25:37 > 0:25:40Here he is afterwards, safe and sound, with some
0:25:40 > 0:25:46very relieved parents.
0:25:46 > 0:25:51This is Beyond 100 Days from the BBC.
0:25:51 > 0:25:54Coming up for viewers on the BBC News Channel
0:25:54 > 0:25:58and BBC World News: bonding in Buckinghamshire
0:25:58 > 0:26:00senior ministers meet at the prime minister's country residence
0:26:00 > 0:26:02to try to reconcile their differences over Brexit.
0:26:02 > 0:26:04That's still to come.
0:26:15 > 0:26:20It looks as though we will seek more sunshine as we head towards the
0:26:20 > 0:26:26weekend. This was the story today. As you can see by the pictures sent
0:26:26 > 0:26:28in from the Scottish Borders.
0:26:28 > 0:26:29As you can see by the pictures sent in from the Scottish Borders. After
0:26:29 > 0:26:33a dreary start, the clouds broke up from that caused, and they will have
0:26:33 > 0:26:37spells of sunshine, and will continue to take clear skies through
0:26:37 > 0:26:40the evening, with the exception being the father was. Under clear
0:26:40 > 0:26:44skies and this time of year, that only leads to one thing- a
0:26:44 > 0:26:53widespread frost. Temperatures in Northern Ireland perhaps holding up
0:26:53 > 0:26:57slightly above freezing. It will be a cloudy, grey start to Northern
0:26:57 > 0:27:00Ireland and parts of Scotland. We will also see a little bit of cloud
0:27:00 > 0:27:06coming and all the deep north sea. You can see below the cloud will
0:27:06 > 0:27:11turn to linger, and also to the Western Isles and into Northern
0:27:11 > 0:27:15Ireland. For much of Wales, Central and southern England, just a little
0:27:15 > 0:27:24bit of cloud and they will seek murk sunshine coming through. Still not a
0:27:24 > 0:27:29particularly one day, but it is going to get even colder, at this
0:27:29 > 0:27:31high pressure across Scandinavia really in the driving seat at the
0:27:31 > 0:27:41moment. As we move into Saturday, there will be more of a breeze,
0:27:41 > 0:27:45particularly on the exposed coast, that will make it feel quite fresh
0:27:45 > 0:27:51out there. Hopefully, some sunshine to compensate. And again, perhaps
0:27:51 > 0:27:55Northern Ireland will have more cloud. It'll be chilly on Saturday.
0:27:55 > 0:28:01Into Sunday, almost a repeat performance. A stronger breeze down
0:28:01 > 0:28:06into East Anglia and the south-east, making it feel much colder than the
0:28:06 > 0:28:11temperatures suggest. Temperatures around five to 7 degrees. You have
0:28:11 > 0:28:16probably had that it is going to get even colder still, with the air
0:28:16 > 0:28:20originating all the way from Siberia. Over the next few days, it
0:28:20 > 0:28:26really looks as though the temperatures and set to fall. You
0:28:26 > 0:28:30can see that in the outlook. Temperatures really struggling to
0:28:30 > 0:28:36climb. You have been warned.
0:30:09 > 0:30:11This is Beyond One Hundred Days, with me
0:30:11 > 0:30:13Katty Kay in New York - Christian Fraser's in London.
0:30:13 > 0:30:14Our top stories.
0:30:14 > 0:30:16America's all-powerful National Rifle Association backs
0:30:16 > 0:30:18the president's call for armed security at schools
0:30:18 > 0:30:20across the United States.
0:30:20 > 0:30:23The UN struggles to agree on a ceasefire in Syria -
0:30:23 > 0:30:26as government forces continue their intense bombardment
0:30:27 > 0:30:29of Eastern Ghouta for a 5th day.
0:30:29 > 0:30:31Coming up in the next half hour.
0:30:31 > 0:30:33Theresa May holds a war cabinet at the prime
0:30:33 > 0:30:35minister's country residence, Chequers - to try to agree
0:30:35 > 0:30:41the government's goals - in the Brexit process.
0:30:41 > 0:30:43And the secrets of success, why no one can touch Norway
0:30:43 > 0:30:44at the Winter Olympics.
0:30:44 > 0:30:46Let us know your thoughts by using the hashtag...
0:30:47 > 0:30:56'Beyond-One-Hundred-Days'
0:30:56 > 0:30:57Crucial, decisive, momentous, urgent -
0:30:57 > 0:30:59pick any of those words and they would probably
0:30:59 > 0:31:02apply to what's going on the Prime Minister's country
0:31:02 > 0:31:03retreat right now.
0:31:03 > 0:31:05Theresa May is surrounded by her closest ministers
0:31:05 > 0:31:06at a meeting at Chequers.
0:31:06 > 0:31:11She wants unity - and a common approach to Britain's
0:31:11 > 0:31:13negotiating position with the EU.
0:31:13 > 0:31:15But THOSE words - unity, conservative, and Europe very rarely
0:31:15 > 0:31:17appear in the same sentence.
0:31:17 > 0:31:19Theresa May has a long day ahead of her -
0:31:19 > 0:31:21and already we're being told the meeting could go
0:31:21 > 0:31:22well into tonight.
0:31:22 > 0:31:24Our political correspondent Alex Forsyth is at Chequers
0:31:24 > 0:31:32and we can speak to her now.
0:31:32 > 0:31:37The consequences of not finding an agreement has been spilled out to
0:31:37 > 0:31:43everyone in the Conservative Party. Yes there has been a growing call
0:31:43 > 0:31:48for clarity, not just from MPs in Westminster or people in the UK but
0:31:48 > 0:31:54crucially also from the other 27 EU countries. What we want and what
0:31:54 > 0:31:59Theresa May's top team is here for is to work out the more detail about
0:31:59 > 0:32:04what the UK believes is a long-term relationship with the European
0:32:04 > 0:32:09Union. Joined any chance -ish in period, the tricky part is the
0:32:09 > 0:32:17trading relationship. The question is what will replace the customs
0:32:17 > 0:32:24union and single market. How closely will the EU -- the UK be aligned to
0:32:24 > 0:32:28the EU beyond Brexit and what will some people see as what we are
0:32:28 > 0:32:32prepared to trade off regarding sovereignty to get access to these
0:32:32 > 0:32:36markets. These are the kind of thing is the senior ministers will be
0:32:36 > 0:32:40discussing and continue discussing for the next few hours, to try and
0:32:40 > 0:32:45provide the clarity so many people are calling forth.It sounds like
0:32:45 > 0:32:50they are holed up in a confined area and have to come out with an
0:32:50 > 0:32:55agreement. Given that no secret about divisions between ministers on
0:32:55 > 0:33:00these issues, if you had to stake your fortune on some of them coming
0:33:00 > 0:33:06out with something after this meeting, we would you point it?My
0:33:06 > 0:33:11fortune is not that sizeable but what we can expect from to date is
0:33:11 > 0:33:15not fine detail. Firstly, the British Prime Minister has to be
0:33:15 > 0:33:20clear she does not want to conduct these negotiations in public. She
0:33:20 > 0:33:25thinks it would be damaging to give too much away in terms of public
0:33:25 > 0:33:28discourse. I think what we will
0:33:28 > 0:33:28too much away in terms of public discourse. I think what we will get
0:33:28 > 0:33:33is some broad statements, perhaps not to date but in the next week or
0:33:33 > 0:33:35so when we expect Theresa
0:33:35 > 0:33:36not to date but in the next week or so when we expect Theresa May to
0:33:36 > 0:33:42give more detail, fleshing out the endgame. This is the senior level
0:33:42 > 0:33:48ministers trying to work out what they want for Brexit long term. That
0:33:48 > 0:33:53is just a starting position. It then has to be negotiated with Brussels.
0:33:53 > 0:33:58Once again we hear from the EU there can be no cherry picking. The UK
0:33:58 > 0:34:03cannot have all the benefits without the rights and obligations of the
0:34:03 > 0:34:07EU. The balancing act the Prime Minister is conducting right now,
0:34:07 > 0:34:14will continue for some time.Thank you very much indeed. Not many
0:34:14 > 0:34:21lights on inside checkers. Indeed. Maybe it is one of those episodes of
0:34:21 > 0:34:31Cluedo. Anyway....
0:34:31 > 0:34:33Over the past few years there is no doubt that institutions
0:34:33 > 0:34:36in America and around the globe have taken a beating.
0:34:36 > 0:34:37Government, banks, charities and corporations -
0:34:37 > 0:34:39all don't hold the same trust they used to.
0:34:39 > 0:34:42According to former US Labor Secretary Robert Reich its led
0:34:42 > 0:34:44to America losing its national identity and sense of Common Good.
0:34:44 > 0:34:46So can it be regained?
0:34:46 > 0:34:48That's the topic of Mr Reich's new book and he joins us
0:34:48 > 0:34:51now from Washington.
0:34:51 > 0:34:57Thank you for joining us. One of the things Europeans have admired about
0:34:57 > 0:35:01the United States is that people feel American first. American
0:35:01 > 0:35:08Muslims, American Christians, American Swedes, Americans first and
0:35:08 > 0:35:14foremost. Are you suggesting that model is disappearing?I think it is
0:35:14 > 0:35:20unfortunately. The kind of xenophobia we have seen, especially
0:35:20 > 0:35:24under this administration, is the culmination of years of decline in
0:35:24 > 0:35:31the sense of we, the people. I am not trying to exclude the rest of
0:35:31 > 0:35:37the world. America was always defined by ideals, not by the colour
0:35:37 > 0:35:42of our skin or creed. America was a set of principles and protection of
0:35:42 > 0:35:49laws, freedom of the press but also rule of law. Preciousness of
0:35:49 > 0:35:55democracy. The notion that the type -- truth was a public good. We have
0:35:55 > 0:36:00seen increasingly the decline of those norms over the years. We are
0:36:00 > 0:36:08talking about public morality year. We have to get back. The book is
0:36:08 > 0:36:14about re-establishing those fundamental norms.As those norms
0:36:14 > 0:36:20have declined, we have also seen a rise in income inequality in this
0:36:20 > 0:36:26country, stagnation for many people, either two related?They are
0:36:26 > 0:36:33intimately related. As more and more of the nation's wealth and income go
0:36:33 > 0:36:35to the top, most people begin believing the game is rigged against
0:36:35 > 0:36:41them. Partly because it is. People are great wealth, large corporations
0:36:41 > 0:36:45have power to get deals and regulations which helped them but
0:36:45 > 0:36:49not the average person so wages have stagnated in the United States for
0:36:49 > 0:36:58many years. 35 years in fact, even though the economy has grown, most
0:36:58 > 0:37:02of has gone to the very top. That sense that the game is rigged, we
0:37:02 > 0:37:07see it all so in Europe, it was behind Brexit and some of the for
0:37:07 > 0:37:15Brexit. In the United States it took the form of a 2016 election which
0:37:15 > 0:37:19was anti establishment which put Donald Trump in the White House and
0:37:19 > 0:37:28cause the Democratic nomination to go to Bernie Sanders almost.There
0:37:28 > 0:37:33is a phenomenon to both our countries, when it comes to trump
0:37:33 > 0:37:38and Brexit, people do not shift from whatever position needs it. If you
0:37:38 > 0:37:41believed in President Trump, you will not see eye to eye with the
0:37:41 > 0:37:48other side. This is bringing something new to politics?It has
0:37:48 > 0:37:54become used to politics, we have now a kind of tribal politics. It used
0:37:54 > 0:38:00to be left versus right. Most people were in the middle. Republicans
0:38:00 > 0:38:05versus Democrats. Now you have people who are very anti
0:38:05 > 0:38:11establishment, anti-ruling class that are both on the left and right.
0:38:11 > 0:38:15You also have, and again Donald Trump has brought this to the fore,
0:38:15 > 0:38:26a deep anger between, from the middle part of the country, many of
0:38:26 > 0:38:32them white voters, not college educated, not all of them but not
0:38:32 > 0:38:38college educated tends to describe most of them, anger what they call
0:38:38 > 0:38:43the elites. People who are more educated and more diverse in many
0:38:43 > 0:38:48respects. That anger has seeped into almost everything. People do not
0:38:48 > 0:38:52change their positions, they are digging in.Thank you very much for
0:38:52 > 0:39:04joining us. He joined -- he worked in the Clinton administration. There
0:39:04 > 0:39:10was probably more of homogeneity in the country. It is really from 1990
0:39:10 > 0:39:14onwards we see this rising distrust, along with the rise in income
0:39:14 > 0:39:19inequality. As he said, it is impossible not to believe they are
0:39:19 > 0:39:24related. The debate is whether the institutions in this country are
0:39:24 > 0:39:30strong enough to keep the country together.That was the question
0:39:30 > 0:39:35around their trump election. He has criticised the law agencies, courts
0:39:35 > 0:39:42and the press but most people would say those agencies are resilient.
0:39:42 > 0:39:47The investigating are probably doing their job as well. The institutions
0:39:47 > 0:39:52are holding up. The long-term trend of fragmentation on the side of the
0:39:52 > 0:40:09Atlantic and your side, it is hard to see how that ends. Talking of
0:40:09 > 0:40:11fragmentation dot-mac
0:40:11 > 0:40:13Here in the US, the legacy of the Black Panther
0:40:13 > 0:40:16movement of the 1960s and 70s is one of racial injustice, black
0:40:16 > 0:40:17empowerment, and armed struggle.
0:40:17 > 0:40:19These were mostly young, African-American men who made
0:40:19 > 0:40:21headlines with their calls for black liberation, and their violent
0:40:22 > 0:40:23clashes with police.
0:40:23 > 0:40:25Now, a new exhibit in New York focuses on 20 former
0:40:25 > 0:40:27Black Panther members - many who remain incarcerated.
0:40:27 > 0:40:29The BBC's Nada Tawfik went for a look.
0:40:29 > 0:40:31It's been half a century since the Black Panthers marched
0:40:31 > 0:40:33through the streets, with upraised fists,
0:40:33 > 0:40:34crying out power to
0:40:34 > 0:40:36the people in their black berets and jackets.
0:40:36 > 0:40:38Many of the black nationalist movement's most
0:40:38 > 0:40:39controversial figures remain in prison today.
0:40:39 > 0:40:42They are the subjects of this new exhibition by Sophia Dawson.
0:40:42 > 0:40:44I think it is really powerful to have somebody whose
0:40:44 > 0:40:48story was supposed to be forgotten or buried under a rug, to have them
0:40:48 > 0:40:50on the outside larger-than-life in front of the people
0:40:50 > 0:40:54who may be encountering
0:40:54 > 0:40:55their story for the first time.
0:40:55 > 0:41:04Sophia says this is a project of both passion and protest.
0:41:04 > 0:41:07For the last eight years she has written and visited
0:41:07 > 0:41:08former Black Panthers still incarcerated.
0:41:08 > 0:41:10Those letters feature in many of the portraits.
0:41:10 > 0:41:12Even the technique is a nod to black empowerment.
0:41:12 > 0:41:13I start off all in black.
0:41:13 > 0:41:16It is actually an act of protest, a political
0:41:16 > 0:41:21statement and solidarity with the Panther
0:41:21 > 0:41:22and embracing that the
0:41:22 > 0:41:31colour black is beautiful.
0:41:31 > 0:41:34I thnk it's really fun to have these colours on a black surface.
0:41:34 > 0:41:35Power to the people.
0:41:35 > 0:41:37They were black revolutionaries who openly carried weapons.
0:41:37 > 0:41:41They said it was for armed self defence against police brutality.
0:41:41 > 0:41:43To the FBI the Panthers were armed militants.
0:41:43 > 0:41:44To others they were freedom fighters.
0:41:44 > 0:41:47I did not know that free health clinics in
0:41:47 > 0:41:51this country did not exist before the Panther movement.
0:41:51 > 0:41:54I did not know of the free breakfast clubs did not
0:41:54 > 0:41:55exist before the Panther movement.
0:41:55 > 0:41:57Under constant pressure from law enforcement, the movement faded.
0:41:57 > 0:42:00This exhibition weaves very personal stories with the larger societal
0:42:00 > 0:42:01issues the Panthers were fighting.
0:42:01 > 0:42:03Since Sophia started painting her subjects, a number have
0:42:03 > 0:42:04actually been released.
0:42:04 > 0:42:07They say that the same injustices they saw so many
0:42:07 > 0:42:09years ago remain.
0:42:09 > 0:42:14Sekou Odinga was a leader of the Black Panthers in New York.
0:42:14 > 0:42:24He served his time for charges of attempted murder.
0:42:29 > 0:42:32He maintains he was given a heftier sentence for his ativism
0:42:32 > 0:42:33and political beliefs.
0:42:33 > 0:42:36The media always projected us as being some kind of terrorists,
0:42:36 > 0:42:37some kind of wild, violent bunch.
0:42:37 > 0:42:38Unprovoked attacks on police.
0:42:38 > 0:42:40They never talked about how many black
0:42:40 > 0:42:43men, women and children were dying at the hands of the police every day
0:42:43 > 0:42:44and still do.
0:42:44 > 0:42:47The fight against racism and inequality is once again
0:42:47 > 0:42:57demanding public attention.
0:43:04 > 0:43:05The upraised fists, athletes taking the knee,
0:43:06 > 0:43:07the Black Lives Matter movement.
0:43:07 > 0:43:10Sophia believes understanding of how past activists fought will help
0:43:10 > 0:43:11today's activists pave the way forward.
0:43:11 > 0:43:12Anti-depressants do work and more people
0:43:12 > 0:43:15could benefit from taking them - that's the verdict of a major
0:43:15 > 0:43:17study led by Oxford University here in the UK.
0:43:17 > 0:43:19Scientists analysed data from more than 500 trials and looked
0:43:19 > 0:43:22at more than 20 drugs - and found they all helped patients
0:43:22 > 0:43:29manage their condition.
0:43:29 > 0:43:31Our correspondent Sima Kotecha reports.
0:43:31 > 0:43:34There were times, you know, I felt really low, to the point I didn't
0:43:34 > 0:43:37want to be around anyone or anybody or have any interaction
0:43:37 > 0:43:40with family or friends.
0:43:40 > 0:43:49There were times when I didn't understand my position in life.
0:43:49 > 0:43:51Jon needed help.
0:43:51 > 0:43:52He was struggling to cope.
0:43:52 > 0:43:56His doctor prescribed antidepressants.
0:43:56 > 0:43:59I still think there's a lot of stigma around it, as to,
0:43:59 > 0:44:04you know, are you weak because you take them?
0:44:04 > 0:44:06Are you are a nut-nut because you take them.
0:44:06 > 0:44:09I had an image of Jack Nicholson in One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest
0:44:09 > 0:44:13at the end when he's a complete and utter zombie and you lose
0:44:13 > 0:44:16something about yourself, something that makes you you.
0:44:16 > 0:44:18And that's what I was concerned about, you'd turn into zombie
0:44:18 > 0:44:22without any feeling.
0:44:22 > 0:44:26But the only way I can describe it is that it gives you a kind
0:44:26 > 0:44:27of buffer around some of the negative thoughts
0:44:27 > 0:44:29and your mind racing.
0:44:29 > 0:44:33Today's report found that 21 of some of the most common antidepressants
0:44:33 > 0:44:35were more effective at treating anxiety and depression
0:44:35 > 0:44:38than dummy pills.
0:44:38 > 0:44:41Those behind the report as well as other GPs say the results
0:44:41 > 0:44:46show that these tablets could help more people cope with low moods.
0:44:46 > 0:44:48For too long, healthcare professionals have been denigrated
0:44:48 > 0:44:52and slated for prescribing drugs that they know will work.
0:44:52 > 0:44:54So many patients tell us they work.
0:44:54 > 0:44:57We only want to do this for the best of our patients.
0:44:57 > 0:45:00It is not about fobbing people off, it is genuinely trying to help them.
0:45:00 > 0:45:02In 2016, 65 million prescriptions for antidepressants were issued
0:45:02 > 0:45:04and the numbers are rising.
0:45:04 > 0:45:07But some critics say depression can be solved
0:45:07 > 0:45:12through positive mental attitude.
0:45:12 > 0:45:14You say you've been on them for five years...
0:45:14 > 0:45:17The research also outlines which pills work best.
0:45:17 > 0:45:20However, the authors are urging people not to switch medication
0:45:20 > 0:45:30before getting advice.
0:45:33 > 0:45:37This is Beyond One Hundred Days.
0:45:37 > 0:45:40Still to come - A leap into the future for the world's
0:45:40 > 0:45:43oldest commercial satellite station - as the English County of Cornwall
0:45:43 > 0:45:47turns its attention to Mars.
0:45:47 > 0:45:49More than a million university students face massive
0:45:49 > 0:45:51disruption for the next month after lecturers walked out
0:45:51 > 0:45:56over a pensions dispute.
0:45:56 > 0:45:58They say proposed changes could leave them £10,000
0:45:58 > 0:46:02worse off every year in retirement.
0:46:02 > 0:46:05But thousands of students - who pay more than £9,000
0:46:05 > 0:46:07in fees a year - say they'll demand compensation
0:46:07 > 0:46:08if their studies are disrupted.
0:46:08 > 0:46:16Our Education Correspondent Elaine Dunkley reports.
0:46:16 > 0:46:21at Leeds University, lecturers out on the picket line. Thousands of
0:46:21 > 0:46:25lectures have been cancelled across the UK, the message, give us the
0:46:25 > 0:46:31pension be paid into or there will be massive disruption.We are likely
0:46:31 > 0:46:37to lose about £10,000 a year. Vice chancellors are earning £250,000 a
0:46:37 > 0:46:42year so I have questions about why the money should not be coming out
0:46:42 > 0:46:48of their salaries and not out of her pension.The University say a £6
0:46:48 > 0:46:53billion deficit in the scheme means it is unsustainable and could only
0:46:53 > 0:46:56be maintained by making cuts to jobs and research. University say they
0:46:56 > 0:47:06have offered a good deal but lecturers are not convinced. The
0:47:06 > 0:47:10student support the lecturers but also worried about their future.
0:47:10 > 0:47:13More than 80,000 students have signed petitions calling for a fees
0:47:13 > 0:47:19to be reimbursed.When we signed up to university, it was specified in
0:47:19 > 0:47:23the cubicle and we would have a certain number of hours of contact
0:47:23 > 0:47:27time with our lecturers. Anything short of that is a breach of the
0:47:27 > 0:47:35contract and a breach of the £9,000. We should be compensated for that.I
0:47:35 > 0:47:40think out of our £1150 loss of contact time.This dispute is being
0:47:40 > 0:47:45fought on campuses across the UK. How it is resolved will have a
0:47:45 > 0:47:48significant impact on the retirement of thousands of lecturers and the
0:47:48 > 0:47:54future of millions of students.
0:47:54 > 0:47:56You're watching Beyond One Hundred Days...
0:47:56 > 0:47:59It's a nation of only 5 million people but right now Norway
0:47:59 > 0:48:08is flexing its muscle at the Winter Games in Pyongchang.
0:48:08 > 0:48:16Look at that ex-mac
0:48:16 > 0:48:18With 35 medals it is leading the pack - besting both
0:48:19 > 0:48:20Germany and Canada.
0:48:20 > 0:48:21So what is the secret to their success?
0:48:21 > 0:48:24The long winters, plentiful snow or the folk saying that in Norway
0:48:24 > 0:48:27people are just born with skis on their feet?
0:48:27 > 0:48:29A brief time ago I spoke with Norway's Ambassador
0:48:29 > 0:48:38to the US to find out.
0:48:38 > 0:48:40ambassador, congratulations, Norway is doing fantastically at the
0:48:40 > 0:48:44Olympics. How is it that a country of little more than 5 million people
0:48:44 > 0:48:50is sweeping South Korea at the moment?First of all, thank you for
0:48:50 > 0:48:56the congratulations. It is very nice these days to be a Norwegian. I
0:48:56 > 0:49:00think also the reason we're doing so well has to do with the
0:49:00 > 0:49:08preparations. Prior to the Olympics. Also that skiing in Norway,
0:49:08 > 0:49:14cross-country or downhill is really popular and part of the Norwegian
0:49:14 > 0:49:22culture and history and traditions. That is also infrastructure in
0:49:22 > 0:49:26Norway. This has had an important impact on the results were seeing.
0:49:26 > 0:49:31You have long winters and a lot of snow but it has not always indicate
0:49:31 > 0:49:36you have done so well. In the 2006 Olympics you were beaten by Sweden
0:49:36 > 0:49:42in terms of medals. Did that cause a moment of national introspection?
0:49:42 > 0:49:49No, I don't think so. This year Norway is doing very well and we
0:49:49 > 0:49:54have been doing well also in the past. There have also been Olympic
0:49:54 > 0:50:00tournaments where we have not done so well but this year we have won so
0:50:00 > 0:50:08many medals, which really is fantastic. That can change in the
0:50:08 > 0:50:13future but now we have to be pleased with the results so far.Is there a
0:50:13 > 0:50:20sport you have been particularly pleased with?I think the skating
0:50:20 > 0:50:29was something which we hoped would happen, the 500 metres. And it did.
0:50:29 > 0:50:34I mention that because we have not one that competition in 70 years so
0:50:34 > 0:50:39that was very very nice that he was able to win the gold medal. But in
0:50:39 > 0:50:45general, I would say their Norwegian athletes are doing fantastic. We
0:50:45 > 0:50:50have to recognise what they are doing but also to recognise the
0:50:50 > 0:50:57support team around them. But skiers, the waxing experts are also
0:50:57 > 0:51:04vital in the success.I have seen the wonderful stories about waxing
0:51:04 > 0:51:09experts, who knew the research are critically important national
0:51:09 > 0:51:12profession? You of course are ambassador to the United States, the
0:51:12 > 0:51:18US has not done so well in these Olympics as many Americans might
0:51:18 > 0:51:23have anticipated, does this put you in a not quite position?No, it is
0:51:23 > 0:51:29not. We are friends and allies. It is a healthy competition. Being the
0:51:29 > 0:51:35Norwegian ambassador is great. My colleague is having a harder time
0:51:35 > 0:51:40than I am having for the time being. Do you wish you were back home, what
0:51:40 > 0:51:45is the atmosphere like?People are very satisfied with the results but
0:51:45 > 0:51:51it is also important to say that, this is a friendly competition. It
0:51:51 > 0:51:59is about sports activities. One of the team leaders of the Norwegian
0:51:59 > 0:52:05team said that, we are going to quote here to have fun and to make
0:52:05 > 0:52:08friendship and relations with other nations. That is also an important
0:52:08 > 0:52:13part of why they are competing and an important part of the Olympic
0:52:13 > 0:52:22spirit.Norway has also gone to the Olympics to win, you did not have to
0:52:22 > 0:52:31see it but thank you very much. Thank you. Christian, you're very
0:52:31 > 0:52:40smart, and instant maths. 5 million people, they have won 35 medals, how
0:52:40 > 0:52:48many medals as that per person.I am clearly not very smart at all.Hold
0:52:48 > 0:52:56on a second, that is one that medal for every 140,000 Norwegians. That
0:52:56 > 0:53:03is phenomenal. Even we could get a medal at that rate.Yes, I could get
0:53:03 > 0:53:07a medal in cross-country. I was doing that in Andorra last week
0:53:07 > 0:53:18without skis.I would like to see you speed skating.No, the best
0:53:18 > 0:53:25performance since 1994. The UK is currently 17th so maybe the Norway
0:53:25 > 0:53:32model is the one to fall.They have a population much smaller than us.
0:53:32 > 0:53:34We're used to hearing about rocket launches controlled
0:53:34 > 0:53:37by NASA from Houston, but what about missions into space
0:53:37 > 0:53:39directed from in south-west England?
0:53:39 > 0:53:41Well, multi-million dollar plans have been announced to upgrade
0:53:41 > 0:53:44a huge satellite dish on the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall
0:53:44 > 0:53:47to direct missions into deep space.
0:53:47 > 0:53:49It coincides with a bid by Newquay Airport
0:53:49 > 0:53:52to become an official "space hub" for satellite launches -
0:53:52 > 0:53:55putting the region firmly on the space map, as Jon Kay has
0:53:55 > 0:53:56been finding out.
0:53:56 > 0:54:02
0:54:02 > 0:54:04NEWSREEL: Upon the fantastic dish aerial of Cornwall's
0:54:04 > 0:54:05Goonhilly Downs...
0:54:05 > 0:54:07Since the 1960s, Goonhilly has been making history,
0:54:07 > 0:54:10like receiving the first pictures from the Telstar satellite.
0:54:10 > 0:54:12..Goonhilly marks an impressive step forward in
0:54:12 > 0:54:16international communication.
0:54:16 > 0:54:19And now this Earth Station will be the first place in Britain
0:54:19 > 0:54:22which can direct missions into deep space.
0:54:23 > 0:54:27This is Goonhilly dish number six.
0:54:27 > 0:54:29This antenna is 32 metres in diameter...
0:54:29 > 0:54:30Also known as Merlin.
0:54:30 > 0:54:33It rotates 360 degrees...
0:54:33 > 0:54:37This one was built in the 1980s.
0:54:37 > 0:54:41It beamed Live Aid around the world, but now an £8 million upgrade means
0:54:41 > 0:54:45it will be able to do much, much more.
0:54:45 > 0:54:48We will be able to send commands to spacecraft around the moon
0:54:48 > 0:54:52and around Mars, and also receive data coming back from
0:54:52 > 0:54:55the moon and Mars.
0:54:55 > 0:55:00So in 2020 when a Mars rover is on the surface
0:55:00 > 0:55:03of Mars and detects life, we could send that data back and be
0:55:03 > 0:55:05received by this antenna here.
0:55:05 > 0:55:06Direct to Cornwall? Direct to Cornwall.
0:55:06 > 0:55:10And Cornwall's ambitions to join the space race don't end here.
0:55:10 > 0:55:11Newquay airport.
0:55:11 > 0:55:14Today passengers were flying to Dublin and Manchester, but soon it
0:55:14 > 0:55:18could be much further.
0:55:18 > 0:55:20Because this county, which relies on tourism, wants to take
0:55:20 > 0:55:26things to the next level.
0:55:26 > 0:55:28The airport is bidding to turn its two-mile runway
0:55:28 > 0:55:32into a commercial spaceport, hoping for a share of
0:55:32 > 0:55:35a multi-billion pound industry.
0:55:35 > 0:55:38The millions for Goonhilly are coming from the local enterprise
0:55:38 > 0:55:42partnership, and some ask if it's the best use
0:55:42 > 0:55:45of public money right now.
0:55:45 > 0:55:48One local baker delivering space-themed pasties
0:55:48 > 0:55:53today believes this poor county needs to aim for the stars.
0:55:53 > 0:55:55The perception of Cornwall from a lot of people
0:55:55 > 0:55:56is that it's a beautiful
0:55:56 > 0:55:58place, which it undoubtedly is, but we also need
0:55:58 > 0:56:01a thriving future for people.
0:56:01 > 0:56:03It would be great to see better high-tech jobs being created
0:56:03 > 0:56:05in a very much a long-term project.
0:56:05 > 0:56:06More customers for you.
0:56:06 > 0:56:07That would be nice.
0:56:07 > 0:56:08Pasties and a giant dish.
0:56:08 > 0:56:10The new Cornwall.
0:56:10 > 0:56:20John Kay, BBC News, Goonhilly.
0:56:31 > 0:56:32Coming up next on BBC World News -