:00:01. > :00:11.is time for Click. It's your birthday, it's your birthday, it's
:00:11. > :00:26.
:00:27. > :00:29.your birthday. That's all the BBC budget could stretch to. This week,
:00:30. > :00:37.as the World Wide Web reaches a special milestone, Click looks at
:00:37. > :00:42.its future and asks whether it is finally reaching maturity. Mobile
:00:42. > :00:45.phones and cancer. We look at the latest research to find out if
:00:45. > :00:48.children in particular are at risk. And the latest Tech News from
:00:48. > :00:57.around the globe. And if you find this annoying, we have a handy way
:00:57. > :01:03.to connect this to this. Welcome to n
:01:03. > :01:06.important anniversary in the history of the World Wide Web. It
:01:06. > :01:16.was originally conceived in 1989 but it was not until two years
:01:16. > :01:17.
:01:17. > :01:20.later that it was launched to the rest of the world. In August of
:01:20. > :01:23.1991, 20 years ago, British scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee
:01:23. > :01:30.sealed his place in history when he posted a summary of his big idea on
:01:30. > :01:34.the internet. It didn't look like much but this summary was about to
:01:34. > :01:40.make the internet a whole lot easier to get around. In the 1960s,
:01:40. > :01:50.the internet was reserved for military and academia. It was
:01:50. > :01:51.
:01:51. > :01:55.thought it was difficult to use and not much fun. Tim Berners-Lee
:01:55. > :02:01.decided what the world needed was an easier way to navigate all the
:02:01. > :02:11.data that were stored online. And a quick way to jump from one document
:02:11. > :02:12.
:02:12. > :02:16.to another. The World Wide Web was born to a very modest start.
:02:16. > :02:26.fact that a hotchpotch of people came up with this is one of the
:02:26. > :02:28.
:02:28. > :02:31.main amazing things. A number of people played different parts.
:02:31. > :02:33.Web has grown since then to billions and now hundreds of
:02:33. > :02:43.billions of pages, where people meet, businesses trade, revolutions
:02:43. > :02:46.
:02:46. > :02:50.rise, knowledge grows and animals do the funniest things. But over
:02:50. > :02:52.the years, Tim, now Sir Tim, has high hopes that as the information
:02:52. > :03:02.continues to grow, the scale of solutions will occasionally help us
:03:02. > :03:04.
:03:04. > :03:11.make giant leaps forward. The thing explodes when somebody looks at a
:03:11. > :03:15.piece of data and realises it connects with something else. It
:03:15. > :03:20.could lead to the curing of disease or figuring out why this has
:03:20. > :03:23.something to do with Alzheimer's or cancer. Or realise something about
:03:23. > :03:30.global warming because we managed to get all the data about the state
:03:30. > :03:33.of the world out there. continues to nurture his baby which
:03:33. > :03:36.is no longer an infant and has arguably now come through its
:03:36. > :03:42.adolescent years too. He is as excited as anyone about where it
:03:42. > :03:45.goes from here. I have learnt the most exciting thing about this
:03:45. > :03:49.technology is that people do with it things you could never imagine.
:03:49. > :03:52.This week we will look at the next 20 years of the Web. Thinking about
:03:52. > :03:59.what it might look like. With me is the Deputy Editor of Computer
:03:59. > :04:05.Active. Welcome. And a professor who has a CV so long we do not have
:04:05. > :04:12.time for it. He advises the government on all things web. In
:04:12. > :04:15.fact, you are doing that today. Welcome. Starting with the big
:04:15. > :04:21.question, what do you think the biggest change to the Web will be
:04:21. > :04:24.in 20 years? It has got to be languages. The first ten years of
:04:24. > :04:32.the Web, it was a medium mainly involving English and using the
:04:32. > :04:35.Roman alphabet. Over the last few years we have seen a huge growth of
:04:35. > :04:45.users from people who don't speak English. A move to allow Web
:04:45. > :04:52.
:04:52. > :04:55.addresses to be written in other alphabets. Billions can get on the
:04:55. > :04:58.internet through general support for their language. The other thing
:04:58. > :05:01.is mobility. So they will get internet on smartphones or through
:05:01. > :05:07.all sorts of services delivered on a range of devices, not necessarily
:05:07. > :05:11.your standard laptop or desktop. are hearing now of the rise of the
:05:11. > :05:14.app, on smartphones and personal computers. They do not technically
:05:14. > :05:18.use the internet, they access the information on the internet in a
:05:18. > :05:24.different way. Will that be the future? Do you think the Web has
:05:25. > :05:28.had its day? I do not think the two are separate. Some apps, on their
:05:28. > :05:30.own, have no connection to the internet. Most of the really
:05:30. > :05:37.important apps are incredibly reliant on the internet for their
:05:37. > :05:47.data. But they have only come along in the last two years and there is
:05:47. > :05:50.a lot of evolution to go on in the next ten years. Back in 2003,
:05:50. > :05:55.scientists said we have to keep open to the Web so anybody can
:05:55. > :05:58.innovate. Is there a danger big companies are trying to lock down
:05:58. > :06:08.parts of the internet for their own services in order to make money and
:06:08. > :06:08.
:06:08. > :06:12.shut their competitors out? There are issues with monopolies but the
:06:12. > :06:15.fact that in order to start up most companies or businesses, you might
:06:15. > :06:18.take a couple of weeks or months of preparation to build machinery and
:06:18. > :06:22.hire people. To start on the Web, you can start immediately and make
:06:22. > :06:32.a product in an hour. That kind of innovation is always a threat to
:06:32. > :06:34.
:06:34. > :06:38.the big companies. It may feel like Google is the only game in town
:06:38. > :06:42.here but there are 6 billion pages of Mandarin they have not indexed.
:06:42. > :06:45.Google is not the search engine of choice in China. And the Twitter
:06:45. > :06:49.equivalent in China that put on 14 million users in two months. There
:06:49. > :06:52.is a lot of space for people to enter the market. What we have with
:06:52. > :06:56.the Web is the potential to get anywhere at any time at a price
:06:56. > :06:59.that is marginal. There are the occasional reports you see that
:06:59. > :07:02.suggests the Web is changing the way we think. It is affecting how
:07:02. > :07:06.bothered we are to remember things because you can just go online to
:07:06. > :07:11.check the facts. Is the Web changing the way our brains work or
:07:11. > :07:19.the way we go about our thinking? Technology has always changed us,
:07:19. > :07:23.ever since we developed the first tools. So you can argue the brain
:07:23. > :07:30.has been changed and shaped by the tools available to us. This is not
:07:30. > :07:38.new. Literacy did the same thing. Offloading certain search tasks is
:07:38. > :07:40.exactly what we will do. But do we have the skills and ability to
:07:40. > :07:50.review, create and generate stuff, that is the measure of human
:07:50. > :07:53.
:07:53. > :07:56.intelligence. Thank you for your time. Next, this week's Tech News.
:07:56. > :08:01.One security firm says it has uncovered the most sustained and
:08:01. > :08:04.widespread series of hacking attacks on a single source ever. In
:08:04. > :08:06.the report, it says more than 72 institutions, including the UN,
:08:06. > :08:08.defence firms and the International Olympic Committee, were
:08:08. > :08:14.systematically attacked over five years. There is speculation the
:08:14. > :08:17.Chinese government is behind the attacks. But it isn't known who's
:08:17. > :08:25.responsible and the Chinese government refuses to accept any
:08:25. > :08:29.responsibility. It is now OK to mash-up music and videos without
:08:29. > :08:34.asking for permission. If you are in the UK, that is. It is part of
:08:34. > :08:37.the British government's relaxation of copyright laws. Copywriting
:08:37. > :08:44.media for personal use or 'format shifting' is no longer against the
:08:44. > :08:48.law. Even though most of us have been doing it for ages. And the
:08:49. > :08:54.makers of the BlackBerry have launched a new line of smartphones.
:08:54. > :09:04.The first is the updated operating system, BlackBerry 7. It includes
:09:04. > :09:05.
:09:05. > :09:13.the all touch-screen Torch. The company's first touch screen phone.
:09:13. > :09:15.It's been updated with mobile payments and a digital compass. The
:09:15. > :09:23.popular BlackBerry Messenger is being integrated into some apps,
:09:23. > :09:26.meaning people will not have to leave the application to chat. A
:09:26. > :09:30.couple of weeks ago we talked about podcasting and we asked you what
:09:30. > :09:38.you thought made a good podcast. We got a lot of emails and tweets like
:09:38. > :09:46.this one. This person thinks his podcast is the best. Then we had
:09:46. > :09:50.more insightful feedback as well. Like this one. It says, what makes
:09:50. > :09:58.a good podcast is the same as a good radio station. Content first,
:09:58. > :10:01.then a presenter who is worth listening to. In fact, we have had
:10:01. > :10:04.so much feedback that we invited LJ Rich to come back to give us
:10:04. > :10:09.another sound bite, this time to share some industry secrets on ways
:10:09. > :10:16.to improve the output. Making your broadcast sound better does not
:10:16. > :10:22.have to cost any money. Like programmes, they benefit from some
:10:22. > :10:28.structuring. A few short items with presenters in between. Keep your
:10:28. > :10:31.listeners interested by propping up the show with other voices. We keep
:10:31. > :10:41.it tightly formatted, so we have eight minutes on air and then we
:10:41. > :10:42.
:10:42. > :10:47.edit it down. If your voice over is recorded in the studio, it can have
:10:47. > :10:51.little echo. Like this. A few different acoustic backgrounds can
:10:51. > :11:01.also add interest. But do not be afraid to get out and about.
:11:01. > :11:02.
:11:02. > :11:05.Natural sound sets the scenery. Once you have sorted your content,
:11:05. > :11:08.there are free programmes on the internet that can give you extra
:11:08. > :11:10.control of the sound. For example, Audacity is free sound editing
:11:10. > :11:14.software that lets you stick your sound together. Professional radio
:11:14. > :11:19.programmes tend to have a constant sound level. There are no overly
:11:19. > :11:29.loud bits that make listeners keep messing with their audio control.
:11:29. > :11:32.
:11:32. > :11:35.Free programs can normalise your files for you. Although lots of
:11:35. > :11:38.sites will help you upload and host a podcast, the quick way to get
:11:38. > :11:42.your audience is to upload pre- recorded files and let listeners
:11:42. > :11:46.access them through iTunes or by clicking on the RSS link. With
:11:46. > :11:49.radio broadcasting, you have an on- air audience that can listen to you
:11:49. > :11:56.as it goes out and there is an audience that will download it
:11:56. > :12:00.later. That changes the way you think about radio. Some people may
:12:00. > :12:02.download your podcast after its release date. That does not mean
:12:02. > :12:05.you have to ditch time-sensitive content, just add a bit of
:12:05. > :12:10.background information or context. Be consistent and get your audience
:12:10. > :12:15.used to when they can expect the next episode. These tips are on our
:12:15. > :12:25.website. Follow them and you never know, you may make it to the top of
:12:25. > :12:28.
:12:28. > :12:31.Given that we are using these more and more every year and usually
:12:31. > :12:34.close to our heads, it is understandable that mobile phones
:12:34. > :12:41.have been the focus of health concerns ever since we started
:12:41. > :12:44.using them. But now two decades on, what is the truth? Are they a
:12:44. > :12:54.health risk and should we be thinking twice about letting our
:12:54. > :12:55.
:12:55. > :12:57.children use them at such an early age?
:12:57. > :13:03.The International Agency for Research on Cancer has reclassified
:13:03. > :13:07.mobile phones recently. The UN agency has fallen short of saying
:13:07. > :13:11.mobile phones are definitely hazardous. Instead they have re-
:13:11. > :13:14.classified mobile phones as possibly carcinogenic. The
:13:14. > :13:19.reclassification was the result of a meeting held here at the
:13:19. > :13:22.headquarters in Lyon of the world's leading scientists. They reviewed
:13:22. > :13:25.experimental data on animal research but also the longest
:13:25. > :13:34.running research project into the use of mobile phones by brain
:13:34. > :13:37.cancer sufferers. The strongest evidence came from the evidence of
:13:37. > :13:40.cancer in humans. There was evidence that there may be an
:13:41. > :13:49.association between the use of mobile phones and certain types of
:13:49. > :13:52.brain cancer. The body representing the interests of the mobile
:13:52. > :14:00.industry followed up the findings, saying that the classification
:14:00. > :14:03.suggested that a hazard is possible but not likely. While they
:14:03. > :14:06.acknowledge that some mobile phone users may be concerned, they said
:14:06. > :14:16.that present safety standards remain valid and there was need for
:14:16. > :14:19.
:14:19. > :14:24.further research. Research into health and mobile phones has been
:14:24. > :14:29.beset with difficulties. We have been using them for a relatively
:14:29. > :14:32.short time. Cancers can take decades to develop. It is an area
:14:32. > :14:36.replete with debate. Most scientists seem to agree about one
:14:36. > :14:45.thing. If mobile phones are hazardous, children may be more
:14:45. > :14:47.vulnerable than the rest of us to their possible ill-effects. If the
:14:47. > :14:51.penetration of the electromagnetic waves goes four centimetres into
:14:51. > :15:01.the brain, four centimetres in an adult brain is just the temporal
:15:01. > :15:02.
:15:02. > :15:08.lobe. Not many important functions there. In a child, the more central
:15:08. > :15:14.brain structures are going to be exposed. In addition, kids have a
:15:14. > :15:23.skull which is thinner and less protected. There are many reasons
:15:23. > :15:26.that make them absorb more radiation.
:15:26. > :15:29.European research just published in America's Journal of the National
:15:29. > :15:34.Cancer Institute has concluded children who use mobile phones are
:15:34. > :15:38.at no greater risk of developing brain cancer than those who don't.
:15:38. > :15:46.Critics say the research is too short-term and the data it used out
:15:46. > :15:50.of date. Certainly for parents giving their children mobile phones
:15:50. > :15:54.helps to keep tabs on them when they are out and about in a world
:15:54. > :15:58.full of hazards. But if the hazard is the mobile phone itself, we
:15:58. > :16:02.would be well advised to take precautions. Text, hands-free, use
:16:02. > :16:12.a landline, the sort of advice that many would like to see passed on to
:16:12. > :16:18.
:16:18. > :16:23.customers. After 20 or so years with mobile
:16:23. > :16:26.phones, some experts say there is nothing to worry about. The UN said
:16:26. > :16:31.there might be a problem. Others believe there is definitely an
:16:31. > :16:34.issue. It is up to us whether to decide to dismiss the warnings or
:16:34. > :16:44.to take minor precautions to make sure those most vulnerable do not
:16:44. > :16:45.
:16:45. > :16:47.blame us if the most dire predictions turn out to be correct.
:16:48. > :16:52.Another thing about modern smartphones is that many of them do
:16:52. > :16:56.not have physical buttons. When you are typing e-mails or texts you
:16:56. > :16:59.have to use the on-screen keyboards with the tiny keys. I don't know
:16:59. > :17:09.about you but sometimes I miss having a full-size physical
:17:09. > :17:11.
:17:11. > :17:15.keyboard. Kate Russell has a solution to my fat fingers.
:17:15. > :17:18.If you are all fingers and thumbs when it comes to touch screen
:17:18. > :17:24.keyboards, Android owners can find some relief when connected to a
:17:24. > :17:27.desktop machine through wi-fi. The wi-fi keyboard application is free
:17:27. > :17:34.to download unless you change your input method to hook up with your
:17:34. > :17:37.computer's keyboard. Then you can input text through your browser.
:17:37. > :17:41.You can also connect to your computer using a USB cable. This
:17:41. > :17:44.works best in terms of latency. It takes a little more technical know-
:17:44. > :17:54.how to set up. Launch the application icon for full
:17:54. > :18:02.
:18:02. > :18:05.instructions. It is worth noting that any text you input through
:18:05. > :18:10.your browser could potentially be recorded, so don't do your internet
:18:10. > :18:14.banking. If you have a lot of text to reply to, I can see this saving
:18:14. > :18:17.a lot of frustration and random auto corrects.
:18:17. > :18:26.You, dear viewer, are such an interesting person with so many
:18:26. > :18:31.fascinating friends. You should have a museum dedicated to you. Now
:18:31. > :18:34.you can at Intel. By linking your Facebook account the account
:18:35. > :18:44.creates a visualisation of all the texts, videos, images and connects
:18:44. > :18:52.them. This three-minute sequence is built using a snapshot of the media
:18:52. > :18:56.that is connected to your account. All accompanied by piano music. My
:18:56. > :19:06.favourite is the end room where you see pictures of your friends and
:19:06. > :19:11.
:19:11. > :19:16.family being sorted by robotic arms. When you are complete you can share
:19:16. > :19:25.the exhibition on your wall with a series of stills. It is a shame you
:19:25. > :19:28.cannot share the whole animation sequence.
:19:28. > :19:36.If you have trouble understanding the drivel posted on Twitter, this
:19:36. > :19:45.next site will not help you. It might make you laugh. The URL is a
:19:45. > :19:53.little complicated. And yes, dot, that can be dot...slash.. Don't
:19:53. > :19:56.worry, it is on the website. You just enteryour Twitter handle and
:19:56. > :20:06.the application will draw a random selection of its words and phrases
:20:06. > :20:09.that you have used to suggest what your next tweet might be. I found
:20:09. > :20:17.it more fun putting in the user names of some of Twitter's biggest
:20:17. > :20:22.personalities, comedians, and some of the more outspoken celebrities.
:20:22. > :20:26.It is a fascinating and random glimpse inside their minds. The
:20:26. > :20:36.results can be surreal to say the least. But entertaining enough to
:20:36. > :20:41.
:20:41. > :20:43.pass a few minutes at lunchtime. With the school holidays in full
:20:43. > :20:50.swing the children are running around everywhere, fighting over
:20:50. > :20:55.the best toys, waggling their tails. I am of course talking about the
:20:55. > :21:05.kind with four legs. You can watch them to your heart's content on the
:21:05. > :21:05.
:21:05. > :21:12.Mead Open farm GoatCam. The Webcam shows their seven nanny goats and
:21:12. > :21:18.two kids rambling about enjoying their first summer. Tune in quick
:21:18. > :21:28.because the camera only feeds live until the beginning of September.
:21:28. > :21:31.
:21:32. > :21:36.Don't you hate it when you have got an itch you cannot scratch?
:21:36. > :21:40.If you have any suggestions for a future Webscape get in touch. You
:21:41. > :21:47.can e-mail us or tweet us. Those are the contact details if you have
:21:47. > :21:53.any ideas about the future of the web. Don't forget, everything from
:21:53. > :21:58.the programme is on the website. That includes a link to Click on
:21:58. > :22:01.the radio. The Web is not the only technology
:22:01. > :22:11.celebrating an anniversary this week. The click radio team is
:22:11. > :22:21.celebrating the 30th birthday of MS dos. That's it. Thank you For
:22:21. > :22:37.
:22:38. > :22:42.A week ago, we were suffering for with an uncomfortably warm night.
:22:42. > :22:46.But at the moment it is much pressure. It is going to be a cool
:22:46. > :22:49.day. Temperatures are rather disappointing for August and
:22:49. > :22:54.feeling even fresher because of the strength of the wind. It is kind to
:22:55. > :22:59.be wet in places as well. Bands of Shari rain also tracking their way
:22:59. > :23:02.southwards. Before they arrive, parts of north-east England and the
:23:02. > :23:09.Midlands will hate this might well have some sunshine. Blue skies for
:23:09. > :23:13.East England it -- a East Anglia and the south-east. Sunny spells
:23:13. > :23:16.for much of the south coast of England. Shell was not too far away
:23:16. > :23:21.from the south-west. Some of them get blown through here on a fairly
:23:21. > :23:25.brisk wind. Also most of Wales. Much of the south-east of Wales and
:23:25. > :23:32.the West Midlands will start with some more cloudy in north Wales and
:23:32. > :23:36.a cloudy start in Northern Ireland. The breeze is going to make it feel
:23:36. > :23:43.particularly miserable on the Moray coastline. Temperatures struggling
:23:43. > :23:46.through the day. The wind is making it feel really quite chilly. Some
:23:46. > :23:52.sunny spells in south-west Scotland. It will disappear from southern
:23:52. > :23:56.areas as the cloud develops more widely. Some places will stay dry.
:23:56. > :24:04.But nowhere is going to be particularly one. Temperatures at
:24:04. > :24:08.very best, 20 Celsius. The rain does peter out, it makes it through
:24:08. > :24:17.the evening, but one of two are scattered showers, most of us will
:24:17. > :24:21.have a dry night. It will bring cooler air. It will -- it will be a
:24:21. > :24:26.chilly night again. Temperatures down to single digits. Tuesday
:24:26. > :24:29.looks like being a largely dry day. The area of high pressure keeping
:24:29. > :24:38.things settled. A weather front will arrive on Wednesday. On
:24:38. > :24:42.Tuesday, most of us will be dry. Temperatures nothing spectacular.